Preface This year, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) Program Plan has a brand new format, one we hope will prove more informative and easier to use for our constituents. But this year's OJP Program Plan is much more than just a new design. Our issue-oriented format reflects OJP's integrated approach to program planning, development, and implementation. The program planning process has been a learning experience for OJP and its bureaus and offices. As a first step, for the past few years, OJP published a combined Program Plan incorporating information from all OJP components into one document. Although that was a significant move toward making information more accessible to the field, we recognized the critical need to take further steps to carry through on the Attorney General's vision for broader integration of our planning and programming efforts. At OJP, our goals continue to be to ensure that we can respond quickly, across the bureaus and offices, to newly emerging issues; to institute the vision and priorities of the Attorney General, the President, and the Congress; to make certain there is real coordination within OJP; and--most fundamentally--to ensure that OJP is advancing a comprehensive and coherent program, across all of its components, to address public safety and criminal and juvenile justice needs in this country. While funding streams dictate in large part how our programs will be shaped, we are attempting to focus OJP resources on programming that can make a positive difference in communities throughout the nation. For Fiscal Year 1999, OJP built on the integrated planning process developed in preparing our FY 1999 budget request, and began planning programs based more along thematic lines than organizational breakdowns. We pulled together representatives from all the OJP components that could impact each of the 12 issue areas addressed in this document and asked them to think collectively--and strategically--about where OJP should be investing taxpayer dollars, to identify the knowledge gaps that need to be filled, what resources or other information are needed to fill these gaps, in what direction we should be heading in addressing each of these critical issues, and how OJP support can have the greatest "bang for the buck." I hope our state and local customers will find this Program Plan to be more than just a tool for identifying grant funding. The Program Plan can also, I believe, help serve as a catalyst for helping state and local planners and policy makers think more strategically about crime problems in their jurisdictions, and determine what are the most effective approaches to address their jurisdiction's individual problems, what existing resources can be tapped, what additional resources are needed, and, most importantly, how all the various "pieces" can be brought together to impact a problem. As we conclude the last year in this century, I look forward to working with our partners at the state and local levels to help communities enhance justice services and operations, address crime problems, and ensure the public safety. I invite you to let me know your ideas on how OJP can best support your efforts--and what you think about the newly designed Program Plan and how OJP can make this document more useful for the field. You can write to me at the address listed on page 218 or send me an E-mail at askojp@ojp.udoj.gov. Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General Office of Justice Programs Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter 2 Empowering Communities to Address Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Chapter 3 Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse & Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 4 Combating Family Violence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 5 Addressing Youth Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Chapter 6 Managing Offenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Chapter 7 Protecting & Supporting Victims of Crime . . . . . . . . . . ..97 Chapter 8 Enhancing Technology's Use in Addressing Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Chapter 9 Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives. . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Chapter 10 Countering Terrorism & Ensuring Domestic Preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Chapter 11 Addressing Crime and Justice for American Indians & Alaska Natives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 Chapter 12 Supporting Innovation in Adjudication. . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Chapter 13 Supporting State & Local Efforts Through Technical Assistance & Training. . . . . . . . . . . .188 Chapter 14 For More Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Chapter 1 Introduction The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was created in 1984 to provide federal leadership in developing the nation's capacity to prevent and control crime, administer justice, and assist crime victims. OJP carries out this mission by forming partnerships with other federal, state, and local agencies and national and community-based organizations to develop, operate, and evaluate a wide range of criminal and juvenile justice programs. OJP is dedicated to comprehensive approaches that empower communities to address crime, break the cycle of substance abuse and crime, combat family violence, address youth crime, hold offenders accountable, protect and support crime victims, enhance law enforcement initiatives, respond to terrorism, and support advancements in adjudication. OJP also works to reduce crime in Indian country, enhance technology's within the criminal and juvenile justice systems, and support state and local efforts through technical assistance and training. How to Use This Document This Program Plan describes the major research, statistical, demonstration, training, technical assistance, and capacity-building programs OJP plans to support in Fiscal Year 1999. FY 1999 began October 1, 1998 and runs through September 30, 1999. OJP's overall FY 1999 budget totals approximately $3.9 billion. The majority of these funds are awarded to states under OJP's formula grant programs. Of the remaining discretionary grant funds, a large portion is earmarked by the Congress for specific programs. These earmarks are noted in each chapter. For the first time, programs in the FY 1999 OJP Program Plan are organized by topic or issue areas, rather than by bureau or office. Programs that overlap issue areas are referenced in each appropriate chapter. However, prospective applicants are encouraged to review the entire program plan and to think about how the programs or other assistance offered can assist their community in developing or enhancing a comprehensive crime control strategy. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) programs described in this Program Plan are those OJJDP proposes to fund in FY 1999. By statute, OJJDP must publish a Proposed Comprehensive Plan in the Federal Register, allow for a period of public comment, and, based on comments received, publish a Final Comprehensive Plan. Application kits and individual program announcements will be forthcoming throughout the fiscal year, and will be published on OJP's Internet Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov. To be added to the mailing list for these documents as they become available, call the appropriate OJP clearinghouse listed in Chapter 14, For More Information. Chapter 14 also lists sources of additional information on OJP grant programs or other assistance. For answers to questions about OJP funding programs, call the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at 1-800/421-6770 or 202/307-1480 to speak to an information specialist. OJP's Organization OJP is comprised of five bureaus, six program offices, and a number of administrative offices. The five OJP bureaus are: • The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) provides funding, training, and technical assistance to state and local governments to combat violent and drug-related crime and to help improve the criminal justice system. Its programs include the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance formula and discretionary grant programs and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program. BJA also administers the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Program, the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, and the State Identification Systems Formula Grant Program. • The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collects and analyzes statistical data on crime, criminal offenders, crime victims, and the operations of justice systems at all levels of government. It also provides financial and technical support to state statistical agencies and administers special programs that aid state and local governments in improving their criminal history records and information systems. • The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) supports research and development programs, conducts demonstrations of innovative approaches to improve criminal justice, develops new criminal justice technologies, and evaluates the effectiveness of OJP-supported and other justice programs. NIJ also provides major support for the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), a clearinghouse of information on justice issues. • The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides grants and contracts to states to help them improve their juvenile justice systems and sponsors innovative research, demonstration, evaluation, statistics, replication, technical assistance, and training programs to help improve the nation's understanding of and response to juvenile violence and delinquency. • The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) administers victim compensation and assistance grant programs created by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA). OVC also provides funding, training, and technical assistance to victim service organizations, criminal justice agencies, and other professionals to improve the nation's response to crime victims. OVC's programs are funded through the Crime Victims Fund, which is derived from fines and penalties collected from federal criminal offenders, not taxpayers. OJP's six program offices are: • The Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) coordinates the Department of Justice's legislative and other initiatives relating to violence against women and administers grant programs to help prevent, detect, and stop violence against women, including domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. • The Corrections Program Office (CPO) provides financial and technical assistance to state and local governments to implement corrections-related programs, including correctional facility construction and corrections-based drug treatment programs. • The Drug Courts Program Office (DCPO) supports the development, implementation, and improvement of drug courts through grants to local or state governments, courts, and tribal governments, as well as through technical assistance and training. • The Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) helps communities build stronger, safer neighborhoods by implementing the Weed and Seed strategy, a community-based, multi- disciplinary approach to combating crime. Weed and Seed involves both law enforcement and community-building activities, including economic development and support services. • The Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) is responsible for enhancing the capacity and capability of state and local jurisdictions to prepare for and respond to incidents of domestic terrorism involving chemical and biological agents, radiological and explosive devices, and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It awards grants for equipment and provides training and technical assistance for state and local first responders. • The Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education (OPCLEE), which in November 1998 transferred to OJP from the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), provides college educational assistance to students who commit to public service in law enforcement, and scholarships--with no service commitment--for dependents of law enforcement officers who died in the line of duty. Formula Versus Discretionary Grant Programs OJP awards grants and contracts or enters into cooperative agreements to implement programs, provide technical assistance and training, conduct research and evaluations, and collect and analyze data. Grants are awarded in two forms: formula (or block grants) and discretionary grants. Formula grants are awarded to states or units of local government, which, in turn, decide how funds are distributed to state, local, and nonprofit organizations. Formulas vary among programs and consider such factors as population, juvenile population, crime rate, etc. Discretionary funds are awarded directly by OJP bureaus and offices to state and local agencies and private organizations. This Program Plan primarily describes the discretionary grant programs OJP will support in FY 1999. The following briefly describes OJP's formula grant programs: • BJA's Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance formula grant program provides funds to assist states and units of local government in controlling and preventing drug abuse, crime, and violence, and in improving the functioning of the criminal justice system. Byrne funds are awarded for projects addressing 26 purpose areas, including law enforcement, adjudication, community crime prevention, and development of criminal justice information systems. Each chapter in this Program Plan notes the related Byrne purpose areas for which formula funds may be used. • The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program, which is also administered by BJA, awards block grants to units of local government to reduce crime and enhance public safety. Grants must be used for one or more of certain purposes, including hiring law enforcement personnel, purchasing law enforcement equipment, enhancing school security, establishing or operating drug courts, adjudicating violent offenders, multijurisdictional task forces, and crime prevention programs. • BJA's State Identification Systems (SIS) Grants program gives states resources to develop or improve their computerized identification systems and integrate those systems with the FBI's national identification databases. SIS grants can be used to: 1) create computerized identification systems that are compatible and integrated with databases of the FBI's National Crime Information Center; 2) improve forensic laboratories' ability to analyze DNA in ways that are compatible and integrated with the FBI's Combined DNA Identification System; or 3) develop automated fingerprint systems that are compatible and integrated with the FBI's Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System. • OJJDP's Formula Grants Program, Title V Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs, and Part E State Challenge Grants programs support state and local efforts to improve the juvenile justice system and prevent delinquency. • Another OJJDP program, the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG), supports state and local efforts to address juvenile crime by encouraging reforms that hold all offenders accountable for their crimes. Funds may be used for any of 11 purposes, including building juvenile detention facilities, hiring juvenile justice personnel, juvenile drug and gun courts, and accountability-based programs for juvenile offenders. Congress has specified minimum amounts for certain purposes. • The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners (RSAT) program, administered by CPO, funds programs that provide individual and group substance abuse treatment activities for offenders in residential facilities operated by state and local correctional agencies. • The Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing grant programs, also administered by CPO, help states build or expand correctional facilities for adult or juvenile offenders. The Violent Offender Incarceration grant program is administered on a three-tiered formula basis, while Truth in Sentencing awards are distributed as an incentive to states to enact sentencing reforms to ensure that violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences. • VAWO's STOP Violence Against Women formula grants program supports improvements in the abilities of law enforcement to respond to violence against women, development of more effective strategies and programs to prevent violent crimes against women, and improvements in data collection and tracking systems. By law, at least a quarter of STOP funds must be dedicated each to enhancing direct services for crime victims, for law enforcement, and for prosecution. • The VOCA Victim Compensation Formula Grants, administered by OVC, are awarded to states and territories to alleviate the economic impact of crime on victims. Awards are based on 40 percent of state payouts during the previous federal fiscal year. In general, these grants reimburse victims of violent crimes and their service providers for medical, mental health, funeral, and other crime-related expenses, and provide for loss of support and lost wages. • The VOCA Victim Assistance Formula Grants, also administered by OVC, are awarded to states and territories to support direct services to crime victims. Awards are prorated based on population. The majority of the funds are subgranted to community-based programs, including rape crisis centers, battered women's shelters, children's advocacy centers, and victim service units within law enforcement agencies. A minimum of 10 percent of funds must be spent on each of four populations: domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and underserved crime victims. More detailed information about any of these programs, or a referral to the appropriate contact in the administering state office, is available by calling the Department of Justice Response Center at 1-800/421-6770 or by visiting the OJP Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Chapter 2 Empowering Communities to Address Crime Overview Throughout the country, communities are engaged in the process of building and rebuilding neighborhoods. At the heart of this work is a commitment to help nurture families capable of providing the skills, knowledge, care, values, and resources necessary to ensure that children become productive, financially self-sufficient, and law-abiding citizens. OJP recognizes the direct impact the health or quality of housing, education, employment, and health care resources available to families and communities--and a community's collective attention to these and related issues--have on reducing crime, preventing violence, and promoting public safety. In partnership with localities, OJP is committed to assisting these efforts by supporting a broad range of programs to build safe and healthy families and communities. Because crime hurts everyone living in a community, many of the strategies for identifying, understanding, resolving, and preventing crime also lie within the community. OJP's goal is to ensure that local residents and organizations--who best understand their needs and resources-- have the building blocks and tools to be successful. Community-based initiatives and the use of local comprehensive strategies that give residents a real opportunity to solve problems show great promise in preventing crime. The public, private, and community partnerships being formed provide the mechanisms through which residents can sustain their involvement. OJP supports community involvement in the choice, design, and implementation of programs; flexible use of federal funding; and creative mixing of local and federal resources that allows for maximum leveraging. OJP's efforts are focused on ensuring safe communities, and are designed to complement the work of other Cabinet departments, such as the Departments of Education and Housing and Urban Development. Where OJP's programs directly fund local units of government--a town, city, county, or tribal authority--we encourage communities, residents, or community-based groups to learn about these programs and work in partnership with their local government to ensure that they have the resources needed to address crime. We also encourage looking to other localities currently receiving funding for ideas and information on developing strategies for your community. OJP supports a number of community-building initiatives and provides the technical assistance to help make programs successful. Our community building programs emphasize the following elements as building blocks that work together to achieve successful efforts: • Building Collaborative, Community-Based Partnerships that draw upon the knowledge of all stakeholders, including educators, young people, law enforcement and correctional officials, prosecutors, U.S. Attorneys, probation officers, physical and mental health care providers, city government officials, religious leaders, local residents, victim service providers, parks and recreation specialists, as well as representatives of business, the judiciary, criminal justice agencies, research organizations, housing and community development organizations, citizens groups, and private, government, nonprofit, and for-profit service providers to coordinate resources and achieve goals. • Recognizing the Local Context of Crime Problems and Solutions by supporting programs that build community capacity to identify and understand local problems. This involves enhancing the capacity to assess local crime statistics, analyze risk factors, engage in problem- solving and strategic planning--drawing in all partners to participate--and supporting programs that acknowledge that public safety is dependent upon addressing housing, economic development, health, environmental, and educational needs and resources in communities. OJP also fosters coordination of multi-federal agency funding at a local level to leverage additional public and private support. • Promoting a Broad Range of Coordinated, Integrated Programs that nurture families and communities, promoting comprehensive efforts that support parenting, child abuse and domestic violence prevention, victim assistance, child support enforcement, truancy, conflict resolution, youth mentoring, teen pregnancy prevention, and other child development and supervision programs. Our comprehensive efforts also support initiatives that improve the quality of life in communities, such as recreational, computer and other technology enhancements, economic development programs, and programs that improve law enforcement and reduce gun-related crime and illegal drug use. • Giving Communities the Tools They Need to Build Capacity by promoting local problem- solving and decision-making to facilitate strategic planning with criminal justice agencies, local, and federal government, nonprofits, and businesses; and by providing, as needed, technical assistance in a range of areas, such as strategic planning, leadership training for residents, risk assessment, use of data and analytic tools for decision-making, and identifying federal, state, and local resources. • Learning from Our Efforts by encouraging practitioner/researcher partnerships that assist localities in their ongoing efforts; building our knowledge of best practices to share across disciplines and communities; and evaluating both the process and the impact of community- based crime prevention efforts. In support of these efforts, OJP will support the following initiatives in FY 1999. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in the remainder of FY 1999. Operation Weed and Seed Grantees: State and local government entities and nonprofit organizations FY99 Funding: $33.5 million, with an additional $6.5 million from surplus asset forfeiture funds OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) Project Description: Operation Weed and Seed assists communities to develop and implement comprehensive strategies to "weed out" violent crime, illegal drug and gun trafficking, and illegal gang activity and to "seed" their communities with programs that prevent crime. Under Weed and Seed, community coalitions form to develop and implement strategies that include four key elements: law enforcement, community policing, prevention/intervention/treatment, and neighborhood restoration, including economic development. Weed and Seed strategies coordinate federal participation in that effort in cooperation with the U.S. Attorneys Offices and other federal law enforcement agencies, as well as other federal departments. In addition to funding, EOWS provides training and technical assistance to communities to build their capacity to enhance their strategies. Operation Weed and Seed was initiated as a demonstration program in three sites in 1991 and is now active in over 170 sites around the nation. In 1999, the number of funded sites is expected to rise to approximately 200 (approximately 170 continuation sites, plus 25 to 30 new sites). Applicants for funding are required to submit an application for Official Recognition of a Weed and Seed strategy by November 30 each year. Sites in the second year of funding and beyond will have the option to use $50,000 in one or more of the following Special Emphasis areas: Gun Abatement; Community Empowerment; Truancy Prevention; Conflict Resolution; Justice Innovations; Jobs and Asset-Building for At-Risk Youth and Adults; Anti-Gang Crime Initiative; Prevention through the Arts; Mentoring; Anti-Drug/Alcohol Abuse Strategies; Brownfields Activities; Volunteer Programs; and Community Learning Centers. Further information is available from the Weed and Seed Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/. Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative Grantees: Research entities from Memphis, Tennessee; New Haven, Connecticut; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Portland, Oregon FY99 Funding: Approximately $5 million OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) with other OJP components Project Description: The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) is a problem-solving, information-driven project intended to reduce crime in five pilot cities. In each site, the U.S. Attorney works in concert with an interdisciplinary group of local decision-makers, as well as with a local research partner and a project coordinator, to identify, analyze, and respond to local crime problems. The process and its impact will be assessed in order to provide a model implementation program for jurisdictions nationwide. This project includes technical assistance provided through an existing BJA grant. National Neighborhood Crime and Drug Abuse Prevention Program (earmark) Grantee: Eisenhower Foundation FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: This community-based initiative will demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of community-police partnerships in up to four urban settings. Key objectives include building diverse coalitions and planning teams; adopting community and problem-oriented policing techniques by law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies; reducing the number of at-risk youth involved in delinquent activities; providing alternatives to gangs and gang membership; and developing an environment conducive to social and economic growth. Project REAL: Community and Police Reconciliation, Education, Action, and Leadership Grantee: National Coalition Building Institute FY99 Funding: $140,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In this initiative, the National Coalition Building Institute will facilitate greater interaction between minority communities in Seattle, Washington, and the Seattle Police Department. The project will develop, test, and document innovative ways in which community groups can build effective relationships with the police. The effort will focus on coalition building, conflict intervention, and racial reconciliation. Stop the Violence (earmark) Grantee: Spartanburg, South Carolina FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This initiative implements a strategy for stopping violence through different interventions involving the police, sheriff, community, churches, and other key groups. The initiative is based on model efforts in different regions of the county and will expand these efforts nationwide. Statewide Communities Initiative Grantee: National Criminal Justice Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The goal of this initiative is to integrate state and local justice system planning and strategies to achieve collaboration, economy of resources, coordination of funding streams, and an effective and balanced delivery of services by the criminal justice system. SafeFutures: Partnership to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency Grantees: Boston, Massachusetts; Contra Costa County, California; Seattle, Washington; St. Louis, Missouri; Imperial County, California (rural site); and Fort Belknap, Montana (tribal site) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: OJJDP is awarding continuation grants of up to $1.4 million to each of six communities to assist in implementing comprehensive community programs to reduce youth violence and delinquency. SafeFutures seeks to prevent and control youth crime and victimization by creating a continuum of care to enable communities to be responsive to the needs of youth at critical stages of their development through a range of prevention, intervention, treatment, and sanctions programs. Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention, Intervention, and Suppression Program Grantees: Bloomington, Illinois; Mesa, Arizona; Riverside, California; San Antonio, Texas; and Tucson, Arizona FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program supports implementation of a comprehensive gang program model in five jurisdictions. The program was competitively awarded with FY 1994 funds. To implement the comprehensive gang program model, communities must mobilize to address gang-related violence by making available and coordinating social interventions, providing social, academic, vocational, and other opportunities, and supporting gang suppression through law enforcement, probation, and other community control mechanisms. Partnerships to Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence Program Grantees: Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Oakland, California; and Syracuse, New York FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: OJJDP will award continuation grants to the competitively selected communities that initially received funds in FY 1997 to help them increase the effectiveness of existing youth gun violence reduction strategies by enhancing and coordinating prevention, intervention, and suppression strategies and strengthening linkages between community residents, law enforcement, and the juvenile justice system. Safe Start: Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP) Grantee: Yale University School of Medicine, in collaboration with the New Haven Department of Police Services FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP) program is an innovative partnership between the New Haven Department of Police Services and the Child Study Center at the Yale University School of Medicine that addresses the psychological burdens on children, families, and the broader community of children witnessing increasing levels of community violence. The Yale-New Haven model consists of interrelated training of police officers, consultation, and teaming mental health clinicians with law enforcement in intervening onsite with children and families who witness violence. FY 1999 funds will continue replication of the CD-CP model in four sites: Buffalo, New York; Charlotte, North Carolina; Nashville, Tennessee; and Portland, Oregon. A training and technical assistance center also is under development in New Haven. The CD-CP model is being expanded under the Safe Start Initiative described at page 13. Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) Grantee: Florida Atlantic University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: In FY 1992, Florida Atlantic University (FAU) was awarded a competitive grant to enhance the development of restitution programs as part of system-wide juvenile justice improvement using balanced approach concepts and restorative justice principles. In subsequent years, the project developed a BARJ program model. The project provides intensive training, technical assistance, and guideline materials to three selected sites that over recent years have been implementing major systemic change in accordance with the BARJ model. The three sites are Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; Dakota County, Minnesota; and West Palm Beach County, Florida. In addition, the BARJ project continues to provide technical assistance and training to other jurisdictions nationwide, as well as training at regional round tables and at professional conferences on juvenile justice system improvement. For further information, contact Peter Freivalds at OJJDP, 202/616-3635 or Peterf@ojp.usdoj.gov. Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Grantees: To Be Selected from applications received in FY 1998 FY99 Funding: To Be Determined for the Special Interest categories described below OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) The Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies program is described in full in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence. However, two Special Interest categories support community-driven programs and partnerships to reduce and prevent domestic violence. These are: community-driven initiatives to address violence against women among diverse, traditionally underserved populations, including women of color, immigrant women, disabled women, women in same-sex relationships, and elderly women; and partnerships between the business community and the criminal justice system to enhance the safety of women in the community and the workplace. Because OJP received so many more worthy applications in FY 1998 than it had funds to support, new applications will not be solicited for FY 1999. OJP will make awards based on applications received in FY 1998. TRIAD: A Strategy to Reduce the Criminal Victimization of Older Persons Grantee: National Sheriffs' Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: TRIAD is a national program cosponsored by the National Sheriffs' Association, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the American Association of Retired Persons. Activities include educating communities about elder abuse; strengthening the criminal justice system's process of prevention, detection, and assistance for elderly crime victims; implementing reassurance programs for homebound and isolated elders; and providing technical assistance for new and existing TRIADs. There are now 436 TRIAD programs in 46 states, Canada, and England. Victim Services 2000: A Vision for the 21st Century Grantees: Denver, Colorado VALE Board, The Battered Women's Shelter of Summit and Medina Counties, Ohio, and the Vermont Center for Crime Victim Services. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: This multi-year demonstration initiative supports communities in developing and implementing seamless, comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary systems of services for victims of crime. The Denver VALE Board has developed a model and implementation plan and is identifying ways to provide training and technical assistance. The other sites are involved in the planning phase of this 3-phase, 5-year demonstration project. The projects will result in model environments for crime victims in which culturally and linguistically appropriate services are available to every victim. All projects will conduct thorough needs assessments, develop innovative intervention strategies and services, institutionalize cross-training on victims' issues throughout the criminal justice, community nonprofit, and allied professional communities, and utilize technology to integrate services and communication among providers. Victim Services 2000 projects will serve as models for other communities wishing to set up comprehensive, coordinated services for crime victims. Award amounts under this program will be based on the availability of funds and the needs of each specific program model. New Programs FY 1999 funding for the following programs will be available as noted. Also see Chapter 12 for a description of the new $5 million Community Prosecution Grant Program and other community prosecution or community court initiatives. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list. Safe Start Initiative Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Eligibility: To Be Determined Project Description: This program will fund up to 12 demonstration sites to implement coordinated, community-wide and community-driven strategies to reduce the effects of children's exposure to violence. Safe Start will be based, in part, on an expansion of the Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP) model response to children who have witnessed or been victimized by violence. The CD-CP model partners community policing officers and mental health clinicians in an effort to reduce the negative consequences of children's exposure to violence. Contact the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse at 1-800/638-8736 to be added to the mailing list for the application kit and other information on this program as it becomes available. The evaluation of this program is described at page 19. Training and technical assistance is described at page 16. COMPASS Initiative Pilot Site Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJP Project Description: NIJ is currently working with other OJP bureaus and offices and COPS to develop COMPASS (Community Mapping, Planning, and Analysis for Safety Strategies). The COMPASS initiative aims to prevent crime and enhance community well-being by increasing community capacity to collect and maintain integrated databases, as well as analyze and use these data for program planning, development, and evaluation. Communities will make strategic use of a variety of information and technology--including incident-based crime records, crime mapping, and victimization surveys--in combination with promising problem-solving techniques, to devise and structure the most appropriate responses to identified crime problems. Lessons learned from the impact of existing community interventions will inform NIJ's research efforts to understand what works to prevent crime and "build safety" in communities. To that end, NIJ expects to work closely with the leadership of the neighborhood and the larger community to simultaneously test a limited number of interventions that have both a strong theoretical foundation and demonstrated effectiveness. NIJ will examine the impact of these interventions using a diverse set of impact measures and assess the interaction among interventions. Open Solicitation Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Through the Open Solicitation Grant Program, BJA encourages state, local, and tribal governments to identify emerging or chronic criminal justice problems within their communities and jurisdictions and then propose innovative strategies to address those problems. To do this, BJA solicits brief concept papers in broad categories that reflect local priorities. An important goal of the program is opening the grant application system to traditionally underserved constituencies, and BJA urges applicants to reach out within their communities and build partnerships with schools, social service agencies, private-sector organizations, and other institutions with a stake in creating safe and vibrant neighborhoods. BJA anticipates announcing a third round of the Open Solicitation in FY 1999. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Weed and Seed Training/Technical Assistance Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: EOWS Eligibility: All current Weed and Seed sites or jurisdictions interested in becoming new sites Project Description: All Weed and Seed funded sites are encouraged to develop a 1-year technical assistance (TA) workplan as part of their overall implementation strategies. The workplans are to be based on the results of local needs assessments, site-initiated consultations with TA providers, and discussions with their EOWS program managers. EOWS TA services include: electronic (listserv, Webpage); multi-site TA; specific onsite assistance; peer-to-peer TA; information exchange and other resources; training workshops and conferences; and telephone consultations. The grantee is responsible for multi-site training and technical assistance, as well as specific assistance to the sites. Community Justice Resource Center Grantee: Fund for the City of New York FY99 Funding: $1.75 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Community Justice Resource Center will provide an extensive resource for criminal justice professionals, policy makers, elected officials, and citizens on the topic of community justice. The Resource Center will develop comprehensive information about community justice, make the information easily accessible, and promote the idea of community justice. It also will continue to provide customized technical assistance to jurisdictions developing community justice projects. National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign (earmark) Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council FY99 Funding: $4 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: National in scope but local in implementation, the National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign will continue to reach out to children, families, public and private service providers, and elected officials to reduce and prevent crime, violence, and substance abuse. The campaign will focus on five main objectives: (1) the production and dissemination of television, radio, and print crime prevention public service announcements (in English and Spanish) and response materials for targeted populations; (2) the development and production of a full range of crime, violence, and drug prevention support materials (e.g., brochures, pamphlets, booklets) and information sharing through the World Wide Web; (3) the provision of national, regional, and state technical assistance and training workshops conducted in conjunction with state agencies and state crime prevention associations; (4) the maintenance of a licensing program that is expected to assist in raising up to $600,000 in royalties to enhance federally funded crime prevention efforts; and (5) the provision of secretariat services to the Crime Prevention Coalition of America, a network of more than 120 national, state, and federal organizations and agencies committed to building safer and better communities. National Night Out (earmark) Grantee: National Association of Town Watch (NATW) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: NATW helps coordinate National Night Out (NNO) activities at the national, state, and local levels. NATW disseminates information and provides technical assistance to federal and state agencies, local units of government, civic and neighborhood organizations, and residents. NNO assists in strengthening comprehensive community partnerships and supports the development and enhancement of innovative local crime, violence, and drug prevention initiatives. Since its inception in 1984, NNO has evolved into a year-long program in which 30 million people in 9,250 communities across the United States and military bases throughout the world participate. In many communities, NNO activities are cosponsored by businesses, private sector corporations, and local utility companies. Project GRAND (earmark) Grantee: National Training and Information Center FY99 Funding: $375,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Project GRAND (Grassroots Residents Against Neighborhood Destruction) builds upon previous BJA-funded initiatives of the National Training and Information Center (NTIC), including Community Responses to Drug Abuse (1990-1992) and Communities in Action to Prevent Drug Abuse I & II (1992-1997). For Project GRAND, NTIC will provide training, technical assistance, and funding to 11 community-based organizations to enable them to develop cost-effective strategies for revitalizing neighborhoods by reducing crime, violence, and substance abuse. The approach includes efforts to combat drug dealing and prostitution, assist residents with access to legitimate employment opportunities, and reintroduce legitimate business into targeted areas. Comprehensive Communities Technical Assistance Grantee: Criminal Justice Associates FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Based on the positive results of BJA's Comprehensive Communities Program (CCP), the next step is to disseminate the initiative's initial findings and evaluations for replication. CCP was designed to suppress violence and restore the security of neighborhoods. The jurisdictions participating in CCP developed jurisdiction-wide crime prevention and control strategies and implemented community-based responses to crime consistent with those strategies. This phase of the program will produce a fact sheet, implementation manual, program brief, case studies, sustainment planning model, a resource development monograph, and video to help other communities implement CCP. Training and Technical Assistance for Safe Start Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Eligibility: To Be Determined Project Description: This funding will support training and technical assistance to the Safe Start demonstration sites (see page 13) to assist them in achieving program goals. Training and Technical Assistance Coordination for SafeFutures and Safe Kids/Safe Streets Initiative Grantee: Patricia Donahue FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: OJJDP proposes to continue funding for long-term training and technical assistance for the remaining years of the SafeFutures and Safe Kids/Safe Streets programs. The purpose of this effort is to build local capacity for implementing and sustaining effective continuum of care and systems change approaches to preventing and controlling juvenile violence and delinquency in the six SafeFutures communities and the five Safe Kids/Safe Streets sites. Development of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders Grantees: Developmental Research and Programs, Inc. and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project will continue to provide training and technical assistance for communities implementing OJJDP's model design for a comprehensive approach to serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders. The model includes identifying programs that address prevention services for at-risk youth and their families and developing a system of graduated sanctions for juvenile offenders. Program development is guided by risk and needs assessment instruments at each level of the juvenile justice process. The grantees will conduct extensive literature reviews, survey practitioners, visit exemplary programs, and hold focus groups with managers of successful programs to aid in developing OJJDP's Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. The grantees also will continue to disseminate the Comprehensive Strategy to conferences and major national groups, especially those involving elected officials, to encourage interest in implementing the Comprehensive Strategy in additional communities. Center on Rural Crime and Justice (earmark) Grantee: University of South Carolina, Institute for Law and Families FY99 Funding: $381,363 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This program will provide funding and support to establish a Center on Rural Crime and Violence Prevention. The center will engage targeted, rural communities in crime prevention efforts and provide assistance to rural communities by linking them to local criminal justice systems and assisting them in the development and evaluation of local initiatives. Local Initiatives Support (earmark) Grantee: Local Initiatives Support Corporation FY99 Funding: $500,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) was established by the Ford Foundation and community groups in 1979. LISC has worked in many cities to mobilize partnerships to assist communities in their efforts to rebuild neighborhoods. LISC provides technical assistance and support to community development corporations throughout the nation, primarily in the 42 cities in which it has offices. This program will build on LISC's efforts to interconnect public safety and economic development through such initiatives as the Community Security Program, which LISC developed and implemented in cooperation with the Police Executive Research Forum and Harvard University's Program in Criminal Justice. Victim Empowerment through Mediation and Dialogue Grantee: University of Minnesota FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: The University of Minnesota is developing victim-sensitive training and program development guidelines for victim-offender mediation and dialogue. The project has produced a training curriculum, training manuals, and guidelines for the development and operation of victim-offender mediation programs, a pamphlet on intercultural aspects of mediation, and a training videotape on intercultural aspects and mediation involving property crime and minor offenses. During this continuation phase, the grantee will offer two regional victim-offender mediation training seminars to victim service providers, develop new written and audiovisual training resources, provide intensive onsite technical assistance to corrections systems in Texas and Ohio, complete an assessment of victim satisfaction with the new mediation services provided by the Texas and Ohio systems, and provide technical assistance to other states or corrections departments implementing victim-offender mediation and dialogue programs. These programs will serve as resources for other communities interested in incorporating this kind of victim-offender mediation into their community justice strategies to help restore victims, promote community healing, and, at the same time, impress upon offenders the impact their behavior has on both individual victims and the community as a whole. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Grantee: Harvard University School of Public Health FY99 Funding: $2.2 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (which is cofunded by NIJ, other federal agencies, and the MacArthur Foundation) is a long-term inquiry into the relationship between community, crime, delinquency, family, and individual development. At the community level, the project has surveyed more than 8,700 adult residents in 343 neighborhoods throughout Chicago. In addition, researchers have identified 80 neighborhoods that are the focus for a longitudinal cohort study. As part of the first wave of this longitudinal study, researchers have conducted interviews with 7,000 children and adolescents and their primary care givers. The research team, headed by Dr. Felton Earls of the Harvard School of Public Health, recently reported that the largest predictor of violent crime rates was "collective efficacy"--a term used to mean a sense of trust, common values, and cohesion in a neighborhood. The research team found that there are lower rates of violence in neighborhoods that have a strong sense of community and values, for example, where adults are likely to intervene when children are missing from school or scrawling graffiti on building walls. According to Earls, the most important characteristic of "collective efficacy" is a "willingness by residents to intervene in the lives of children." Evaluation of Safe Start Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Eligibility: To Be Determined Project Description: This evaluation is designed to document and explain the process of community mobilization, planning, and collaboration that takes place before and during the Safe Start awards; to inform program staff of performance levels on an ongoing basis; and to determine the effectiveness of the implemented project in achieving the goals of the Safe Start program, which is described on Page 13. Training and technical assistance available under this initiative are described at page 16. SafeFutures National Evaluation Grantee: The Urban Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project addresses the program implementation process and measures performance outcomes across the six SafeFutures sites (see program description on page 10). The process evaluation focuses primarily on the development and implementation of a strategic plan to establish a continuum of care and integrated services for youth in high-risk communities. It will identify and report on obstacles and key factors contributing to the successful implementation of the SafeFutures program. Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention, Intervention, and Suppression Program Grantee: University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The University of Chicago received a competitive cooperative agreement award in FY 1995 to evaluate OJJDP's Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention, Intervention, and Suppression Program in five sites across the country. The grantee is assisting the five sites in establishing realistic and measurable objectives, documenting program implementation, and measuring the impact of a variety of gang program strategies. It also provides interim feedback to the program implementors. Evaluation of the Partnerships to Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence Program Grantee: COSMOS Corporation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: COSMOS Corporation is examining and documenting the process of community mobilization, planning, and collaboration needed to develop a comprehensive, collaborative approach to reducing gun violence involving juveniles in four sites. Evaluation of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders Grantee: Caliber Associates FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: In FY 1998, OJJDP began a multi-year, multi-site evaluation of its Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. The evaluation is looking at the lessons learned from the Comprehensive Strategy training and technical assistance process that was demonstrated in three pilot communities. The evaluation will then assess the effect of the 2-year training and technical assistance process that is currently being tested in 5 states and 26 local jurisdictions and is beginning in two additional states. The evaluation will document the effectiveness of this training and technical assistance process and will look at the crime and delinquency outcomes and level of services provided in each jurisdiction. NIJ Visiting Fellowship Program Grantee: Roger Conner (Fellowship) FY99 Funding: $300,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will examine the concept of community safety lawyering. It will attempt to define this emerging field and explore its larger role in enhancing safety and justice in local communities. Austin Community Justice Grantee: Travis County District Attorney's Office FY99 Funding: $20,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OVC Project Description: Travis County will formulate a plan of action over the next year that will provide guidance for refining existing community justice initiatives and directing the development, implementation, and evaluation of an integrated system of community justice. This planning effort will involve three components: refining the vision and assessing which initiatives meet the definition; determining next steps in the short and long term regarding community justice initiatives, and beginning to establish implementation and performance measures that will appropriately capture this shift to a community justice paradigm. Importantly, Travis County will work to develop broader community representation in its community justice initiatives by expanding the Neighborhood Action Protection Committee infrastructure. Software for Crime Victimization Survey Grantee: Interagency Agreement FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: BJS and the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) have developed a software program using a popular computer database that allows localities to conduct their own telephone surveys of residents to collect data on crime victimization, attitudes toward policing, and other community-related issues. Using this user-friendly version of the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), localities can quickly design a questionnaire to reflect local interests, while maintaining a standard core of NCVS questions. Pilot testing of the software is currently in the final stages. BJS anticipates that the software will be available free-of- charge to the criminal justice community by mid-1999. Investigator Initiated Research Grants Grantee: Competitive/Multiple Awards FY99 Funding: $1.5 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ's Investigator Initiated Solicitation invites researchers, practitioners, and technologists to explore innovative topics and techniques to aid in shaping public policies that control crime and enhance justice. NIJ challenges applicants to build on information gleaned from past research and development to shed new light on efforts to understand and reduce crime. Applicants are encouraged to experiment with practical approaches that will rethink the conventional wisdom and offer alternative means for solving recurring problems. Importantly, NIJ encourages researchers to seek collaboration with other organizations and disciplines in testing ideas and approaches that more effectively involve the entire community in building safety and justice. Byrne Evaluation Partnership Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In FY 1999, BJA will solicit concept papers for a third round of awards for the Byrne Evaluation Partnership Program, which builds state and local evaluation capacity through support of evaluation activities by Byrne State Administrative Agencies (SAAs). The program increases the quality and use of evaluation research conducted by state and local agencies by creating a mechanism for enhancing the design, implementation, measurement, evaluation, and dissemination of information in high-priority program areas. The program also enhances collaboration among Byrne SAAs, funded program managers, and university or other research organizations. For More Information OJP sponsors many other initiatives designed to empower communities to address crime. Most of the other chapters in this Program Plan also describe grant programs and other assistance available to communities. Chapter 1 describes OJP formula and block grant programs from which communities can receive funding. Chapter 14 describes Internet-based and other information resources. Also see Chapter 3 for information about programs to address substance abuse, Chapter 4 for a description of initiatives to help communities combat violence against women, Chapter 11, which describes programs targeted for Native American communities, and Chapter 13, which describes training and technical assistance available through OJP. In cooperation with the Federal Support to Communities Initiative, OJP is developing a Website on "Building Safe and Healthy Communities: An Information and Ideas Guide." The Website grew out of the Attorney General's vision to provide communities with easy access to federal program information via the Internet. The guide will link communities directly to DOJ publications, Websites of other federal agencies, local programs, and a broad range of non-federal resources in the areas of community development, substance abuse treatment, and other community-building initiatives. For further information about this Website and when it will be accessible via the Internet, check the OJP Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Chapter 3 Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse & Crime Overview Substance abuse--the abuse of drugs and alcohol--is an established and well-documented characteristic of a substantial proportion of persons who come into contact with the criminal justice system--regardless of the type of offense. According to data from the National Institute of Justice's (NIJ) 1997 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program--which interviews and collects urine samples from arrestees in 35 major metropolitan areas--between 51 and 80 percent of arrested adult males test positive for drugs. Substance abuse also continues to be a serious problem among youth. According to OJJDP reports, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations increased by 138 percent between 1991 and 1995, while juvenile courts handled 82 percent more drug abuse cases in 1994 than 1991. While ADAM data show the drug use rates for male juvenile arrestees (between 41 and 65 percent) are slightly lower than the adult numbers, drug use among juvenile arrestees is still widespread enough to be troubling. What is most important, however, is that the incidence of substance abuse in the criminal justice population is remarkably high and strikingly constant. Surveys of prisoners confirm that substance abuse is implicated in criminal activity. Data from the 1997 BJS survey of inmates in federal and state prisons show that three-quarters of all prisoners can be characterized as alcohol or drug-involved offenders. Over half of state inmates (52 percent) and over one-third (34 percent) of federal inmates reported committing their current offense under the influence of alcohol or drugs. For those incarcerated for a violent offense, 40 percent of federal inmates and 52 percent of state inmates reported use of drugs or alcohol at the time they committed the offense for which they were incarcerated. Through NIJ research, we are starting to understand that the drug users coming through the criminal justice system are not casual users, but highly dependent upon illegal substances. Nor is this a population that has frequently sought treatment in the past--only 25 percent of drug users in prison were previously in treatment and, according to a New York City study of addicts, 70 percent have neither been in treatment nor intend to seek treatment. A 1995 NIJ research report indicated that between 60 and 75 percent of untreated parolees who have histories of heroin and/or cocaine use return to those drugs within three months after release. The problem is further compounded by the fact that the greatest proportion of offenders with substance abuse problems are, in fact, not incarcerated in prisons and jails, but under some form of community supervision (probation, parole, and/or in a community corrections setting). According to BJS data, there were 3.9 million adult men and women on probation or parole in the community, more than twice as many as the 1.25 million incarcerated in state and federal prisons and 600,000 in local jails. BJS data also show a large proportion of offenders under community supervision used drugs prior to their current offense. According to 1995 BJS data, 43 percent of probationers reported prior regular, illicit drug use. Yet community corrections often lacks sufficient authority and resources to effectively respond to the problem of substance abuse. These drug-involved offenders place a heavy toll on our country's criminal justice systems. Their numbers swell our courts, crowd our prisons, and tax our probation and parole programs. Where not detected or effectively dealt with their first time around, many of these drug-involved individuals will find their way back into the criminal justice system--again and again. Thus, OJP has focused its research, evaluation, and demonstration resources on substance abuse testing and intervention efforts aimed at individuals under criminal justice supervision as a way of reducing our nation's aggregate demand for illegal drugs and the terrible consequences of alcohol abuse. Research has shown that when substance abuse testing is combined with effective interventions-- such as meaningful, graduated sanctions or various treatment modalities--drug and alcohol abuse can be curtailed within the criminal justice population. Recent studies demonstrate that drug- dependent individuals who receive comprehensive treatment decrease their drug use, decrease their criminal behavior, increase their employment, improve their social and interpersonal functioning, and improve their physical health. Moreover, when compared to substance abusers who voluntarily enter treatment, those coerced into treatment through the criminal justice system are just as likely to succeed. Because the majority of drug users are processed through some part of the criminal justice system during their drug-use careers, we are learning how to effectively intervene with these populations at various points. Studies also show that treatment is cost-effective. In 1994, the RAND Corporation reported that drug treatment is the most cost-effective drug control intervention. Another 1994 study examined CALDATA, a comprehensive drug and alcohol treatment program in California, and concluded that for every dollar invested in drug treatment, taxpayers saved $7. This savings was attributable to decreased use of drugs and alcohol and the resulting reduction in costs related to the crime and health care. Drug courts represent a promising initiative that uses the coercive authority of the courts to change behavior. In 1989, a few communities began experimenting with an approach to address the needs of substance-abusing offenders that integrated substance abuse treatment, sanctions, and incentives with case processing to place nonviolent drug-involved defendants in judicially supervised habilitation programs. Now, nationally more than 520 courts have implemented or are planning to implement a drug court to address the problems of substance abuse and crime. Local coalitions of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, treatment professionals, law enforcement officials, and others are using the coercive power of the court to force abstinence and alter behavior with a combination of escalating sanctions, mandatory drug testing, treatment, and strong aftercare programs to teach responsibility and to help offenders reenter the community. OJP's FY 1999 Drug Court Grant Program is responsive to and supportive of developments in the field, including the need for conducting both process and outcome evaluations and for management information system development. OJP's Drug Courts Program Office has a special interest in encouraging communities to develop drug courts that treat alcohol abuse, as well as drug addiction. These include, for example, driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI) drug courts. Building on the success of drug courts and the research showing the effectiveness of drug testing and interventions under the coercive power of the criminal justice system, OJP continues to be interested in supporting comprehensive, system-wide strategies of universal substance abuse testing combined with treatment and graduated sanctions for non-compliance. For this reason, OJP's Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) grant program encourages states receiving correctional facility construction funding to implement a program of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment to break the cycle of substance abuse and crime among adult offenders while in prison and under post-release supervision. For a more detailed description of VOI/TIS, see Chapter 6. In addition to these efforts, OJP will continue to collaborate with the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and the Administrative Office for the United States Courts. For example, the Break the Cycle (BTC) program in state systems and the Testing, Effective Sanctions and Treatment (TEST) program in federal courts are demonstrating universal drug testing (combined with treatment and sanctions ) of defendants from pretrial through final disposition. OJP also encourages initiatives that combine prison-based therapeutic community- style treatment with post-release supervision and follow-up treatment--such as through the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program funding available to every state. The following briefly describes the substance abuse-related initiatives OJP will support in FY 1999. Continuation Programs The following projects will be conducted by current or already designated new grantees. No new applications will be solicited during Fiscal Year 1999. Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-Drug Abuse/Violence Campaign Grantee: Congress of National Black Churches FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: OJJDP will award continuation funding to the Congress of National Black Churches (CNBC) for its national awareness and mobilization strategy to address the problems of juvenile drug abuse, violence, and hate crime in targeted communities. The goal of the CNBC national strategy is to summon, focus, and coordinate the leadership of the black religious community, in cooperation with the Department of Justice and other federal agencies and organizations, to mobilize groups of community residents to combat juvenile drug abuse and drug-related violence. No Hope in Dope Project Grantee: Operation Hope FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The goal of the No Hope in Dope (NHID) program is to prevent, reduce, or delay the onset of substance abuse in elementary, intermediate, and high school students in Hawaii's Windward Oaho area. The project involves a community-based approach that makes anti-drug norms clear, salient, and useful as guides for behavior. The program uses opinion- leading student athletes, the No Hope in Dope seminar, and the Officer Honolulu Safety Program. NHID is a program of Project Hope in coordination with the Kahuku and Castle School complexes of the Windward Oahu School District and the Honolulu Police Department. The program will be evaluated with a pre/post intervention design that will provide information about the effectiveness of this community- and school-level intervention. Strengthening Services for Chemically Involved Children, Youth, and Families Grantee: Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with the Office of National Drug Control Policy and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) Project Description: The U.S. Department of Justice and Health and Human Services and the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) both service the pool of children affected by parental substance use or abuse. Through this program, CWLA assists child welfare personnel to provide appropriate intervention services for children impacted by the abuse of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), as well as services and for their caregivers. CWLA is producing a comprehensive assessment tool and decision-making guidelines for child welfare workers and supervisors. CWLA also provides training and technical assistance to help develop innovative and effective approaches to meeting the needs of children in the child welfare system whose parents are AOD abusers. New Programs FY 1999 funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list. Enforcing Underage Drinking Law Program Grantees: States and competitive discretionary awards FY99 Funding: $25 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The purpose of this program is to help enforce state laws prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors and to prevent minors from purchasing or consuming alcoholic beverages. Of the total $25 million appropriated for this program in FY 1999, OJJDP will award $360,000 to each state, $5 million in competitive discretionary grants, and $1.64 million for training and technical assistance. Projects eligible for funding include: • statewide task forces of state and local law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies to target establishments suspected of a pattern of violations of state laws governing the sale and consumption of alcohol by minors; • public advertising programs to educate establishments about statutory prohibitions and sanctions; and • innovative programs to prevent and combat underage drinking. OJJDP is developing formula grant guidelines and application materials for the states, as well as discretionary grant program guidance and solicitations. When available, application materials will be posted on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. Drug-Free Communities Support Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with funds transferred from ONDCP) Eligibility: Community coalitions whose components have worked together on substance abuse reduction initiatives that include efforts to target illegal drugs or the use of alcohol, tobacco, or other related products that are prohibited for use by minors by state or local law Project Description: The Drug-Free Communities Support Program is designed to strengthen community-based coalition efforts to reduce youth substance abuse. The coalitions include community representatives from each of the following areas: youth, parents, business, media, schools, youth-serving organizations, law enforcement, civic, volunteer and fraternal groups, health care professionals, state, local, or tribal governmental agencies with expertise in the field of substance abuse, and other organizations involved in reducing substance abuse. The program will enable these coalitions to enhance collaboration and coordination in an effort to target illegal drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. The coalitions will also encourage citizen participation in substance abuse reduction efforts and disseminate information about effective programs. Program guidance and solicitation materials are posted on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. Drug Prevention Demonstration Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $10 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Drug Prevention Program is designed to reduce drug use by encouraging the promotion of multiple approaches to educating and motivating young adolescents to pursue healthy lifestyles, fostering interpersonal and decision-making skills that will help them choose alternatives to high risk behaviors, and providing them with the motivation and tools to build constructive lives. Funds will be used to develop, demonstrate, and test programs to increase perceptions among children and youth about the unappealing aspects and dangers of drug use. OJJDP is developing program guidance and application materials for this program. When available, information will be posted on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. Drug Court Planning Projects Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Drug Courts Program Office (DCPO) Eligibility: States, state courts, local courts, counties, other units of local government, and Indian tribal governments, acting directly or through agreement with other public or private entities Project Description: Planning grants will enable grantees to undertake a needs assessment to identify the characteristics of their drug caseload, offender population, and treatment options in order to determine whether or not to implement a drug court. Comprehensive technical assistance and training will be provided to assist grant recipients during their planning processes, with a special emphasis placed on evaluation and management information systems. Grants will be awarded for up to $30,000 and will be available for up to 18 months to plan a drug court. A special emphasis will be placed on those communities interested in planning a DUI/DWI drug court. Drug Court Enhancement Projects Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO Eligibility: States, state courts, local courts, counties, other units of local government, and Indian tribal governments, acting directly or through agreement with other public or private entities Project Description: Grants will be available to jurisdictions that have already established drug courts. This program will enable jurisdictions to: • develop training programs to teach criminal and juvenile justice professionals, treatment providers, communities, researchers, and others about the drug court philosophy; • develop and conduct process and outcome evaluations for existing drug court programs; and • develop and implement an automated data collection system or improve an existing system for the drug court program. Grants will be available for up to $100,000 for a single jurisdiction and $300,000 for a multijurisdictional effort for up to 24 months. As part of the OJP Initiative on Alcohol and Crime, priority will be given to those jurisdictions with an operational DUI/DWI drug court. Drug Court Continuation/Supplemental Projects Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO Eligibility: FY 1997 Implementation Grantees Project Description: Because drug courts are a significant departure from traditional court practice, drug courts must effectively demonstrate their impact on the criminal justice system to receive state and local support. Current drug court grants are for up to two years. However, some grantees find that federal support is needed for an additional year or two to allow enough time to gather statistics on program outcomes that will convince state and local funders to take over the cost of the program. Drug courts that received FY 1997 implementation grants will be eligible to compete for FY 1999 continuation funding. Grants will be awarded for up to $200,000 and will be available for up to 24 months. Substance Abuse Treatment and Prevention (earmark) Grantee: Straight and Narrow FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application for funding from this organization. Light of Life Ministries (earmark) Grantee: Light of Life Ministries FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application from this organization. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Drug Court Clearinghouse Grantee: American University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO and BJA Project Description: The Drug Court Clearinghouse assists communities in planning, implementing, and operating drug courts based on the 10 key components of a drug court. In addition, the clearinghouse collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about drug courts to enhance drug court operations. For more information, contact the Drug Court Clearinghouse at 202/885-2875 or online at www.american.edu/academic.depts/spa/justice/. Drug Court Training Conferences Grantee: Justice Management Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO and BJA Project Description: These conferences will address the training needs of DCPO and LLEBG drug court grantees. The training will teach and demonstrate the importance of the key components for adult drug courts, strengthen the drug court team's capacity to work together and expand the team membership, foster practitioner-to-practitioner training, and provide maximum networking opportunities. Mentor Drug Court Network Grantee: National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO Project Description: The mentor drug court network fosters the development of drug courts through the direct observation of existing drug courts and dialogue with drug court practitioners. In addition, specialized training programs are developed for drug court planning grantees. For further information, see NADCP's Website at www.drugcourt.org. Juvenile Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO and OJJDP Project Description: This grant will address the training needs of DCPO juvenile drug court planning, implementation, and enhancement grantees and OJJDP Juvenile Accountability and Incentives Block Grant (JAIBG) grantees. The training will assist communities in the development and implementation of effective juvenile drug courts and in the engagement of multiple systems. Technical assistance will be available to juvenile drug court grantees to strengthen their ability to operate effectively. Tribal Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance Grantees: Tribal Law and Policy Institute and National Association of Drug Court Professionals FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO Project Description: This grant will address the training needs of DCPO tribal drug court planning and implementation grantees. The grantees will develop curriculums to train Native American teams to plan and implement drug courts that effectively fit into tribal justice systems and Native American communities and develop a specialized technical assistance strategy for providing on-site technical assistance to Native American tribes who have attended the specialized drug court training programs. Drug Court Evaluation and Management Information Systems Training and Technical Assistance Grantees: Center for Court Innovation and SEARCH, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: DCPO and BJA Project Description: This initiative will assist DCPO and LLEBG drug court grantees to strengthen their capacity to collect the data necessary to effectively monitor and evaluate their drug court programs. Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Technical Assistance Program Grantees: Johnson, Bassin, and Shaw (through a cooperative agreement with the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment) FY99 Funding: $270,000 OJP Sponsor: Corrections Program Office (CPO) Project Description: CPO has developed a comprehensive technical assistance program that includes conferences, workshops, training, and site-specific assistance to assist states with the effective implementation of its grant programs, as well as policy and operations issues related to RSAT program implementation and the impact of the policy changes required to qualify for grant funds. Technical assistance is available to substance abuse treatment practitioners and state and local officials responsible for making policy decisions related to substance abuse treatment. To more effectively respond to states' needs, CPO established a toll-free technical assistance line (1-800/848-6325). CPO will publish a Technical Assistance Plan for FY 1999 that will be disseminated to the field. The schedule for CPO conferences, workshops, and training sessions can be accessed on the Internet at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo. Training and Technical Assistance for Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program Grantee: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation FY99 Funding: $1.64 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program provides technical assistance and training for state and local efforts to reduce the availability and consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies and jurisdictional teams receive assistance on enforcing underage drinking laws, forging collaborative partnerships, enforcement operations, and youth participation. For further information, contact Bob Hubbard at OJJDP at 202/616-3567 or by E- mail at Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov. Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project Grantee: National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Through the Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project, the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise (NCNE) awards vouchers to grassroots organizations to purchase technical assistance and training to effectively address the problem of juvenile drug abuse. NCNE has established a clearinghouse featuring 1,224 promising and proven anti-drug programs. NCNE also provides direct technical assistance to applicants regarding the development of their mission, goals, and objectives. Drug Abuse Reduction Education (D.A.R.E.) (earmark) Grantee: D.A.R.E. America FY99 Funding: $1.75 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: D.A.R.E. is the nation's predominant school-based drug abuse and violence prevention program. It now involves more than 8,600 law enforcement agencies in school systems across the country. Federal funds support the development of the D.A.R.E. curricula (K-12) and the operation of five D.A.R.E. regional training centers (RTCs) for new D.A.R.E. officers. This training includes: inservice training for instructors who work with and train parents using the D.A.R.E. curriculum, junior and senior high school student training, program development, and monitoring and technical assistance for agencies replicating the program nationwide. RTCs include the Arizona Department of Public Safety, Los Angeles Police Department, Missouri State Highway Patrol, North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation, and the Virginia Department of State Police Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $750,000 for research and evaluation grants OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: Since 1987, NIJ has conducted quarterly interviews and drug tests with arrestees in urban lock-ups. The data play an important role in assembling the national picture of drug abuse and have been a central component in studying the links between drug use and crime. A national site management contractor and laboratory contractor provide support to sites for interviewing, data management, and urinalysis. The FY 1999 ADAM Research Grant offers an opportunity to investigate questions around a wide range of issues--drug abuse and drug control policy, criminal behavior and law enforcement, domestic violence and sexual assault, social services and public health, job market and other economic concerns, methods of surveying drug use, and other sensitive topics--using a research program provided by an established, ongoing, federally supported and locally implemented data collection system involving the arrestee population. In 1999 ADAM will be operating in 35 sites. Research sponsored through this solicitation will be executed through data collection at the local sites. Secondary analysis of existing ADAM data that furthers methodological advancement may also be supported. More information about the ADAM program and this research grant opportunity is available on the ADAM Website at www.adam.nij.nct. Breaking the Cycle: Demonstration and Evaluation Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $2.7 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project is an evaluation of the Breaking the Cycle (BTC) demonstrations funded by NIJ and ONDCP. BTC is a comprehensive, coordinated program designed to reduce substance abuse and criminal activity and improve the health and social functioning of drug-involved offenders by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and incentives. BTC was first implemented in Birmingham, Alabama in 1996 and expanded in 1998 to the adult criminal justice systems in Jacksonville, Florida and Tacoma, Washington. Lane County (Eugene), Oregon has been invited to submit a proposal to participate under a separate Juvenile Breaking the Cycle initiative. The selection of an evaluation team for Lane County is currently underway. Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Evaluations Grantees: 24 state and local partnerships FY99 Funding: $1.8 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ and CPO Eligibility: Open (process evaluations); limited (outcome evaluations) Project Description: From FY 1997 and FY 1998 funding, NIJ and CPO are sponsoring 24 state- level evaluations of residential, corrections-based substance abuse programs located in prisons around the country. FY 1999 funding will support additional process evaluations and supplements for outcome evaluations at existing RSAT state partnership sites. NIJ Investigator-Initiated Research Solicitation Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Up to $300,000 each grant; number of awards varies each year OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The NIJ Investigator-Initiated Research Solicitation is a semi-annual solicitation offering grants in amounts up to $300,000 in a number of areas intended to produce research findings that contribute to NIJ's strategic research agenda. The solicitation recently funded the Vera Institute of Justice to conduct an evaluation of La Bodega de la Familia, a family drug crisis center in lower Manhattan; the University of New Mexico to study drugs and alcohol and their connections to domestic violence in Albuquerque; and the City University of New York to study drug markets on the lower east side of Manhattan. FY 1999 grant funds may also be used to support substance abuse-related research projects. Check NIJ's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/ for the semi-annual announcement of the Investigator-Initiated solicitation. Assessing Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Health Disorders Grantee: Northwestern University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project supplements an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health study assessing alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders among juveniles in detention in Cook County, Illinois. The project has three primary goals: 1) to determine how alcohol, drug, and mental disorders develop over time among juvenile detainees; 2) to investigate whether juvenile detainees receive needed psychiatric services after their cases reach disposition (and they are back in the community or serving sentences); and 3) to study the development of dangerous and risky behaviors. The study is investigating how violence, drug use, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors develop over time, what the antecedents of these behaviors are, and how these behaviors are interrelated. This project is unique because the sample is so large. It includes 1,833 youth from Chicago who were arrested and interviewed between 1996 and 1998. The sample is stratified by gender, race, age, and severity of charge. Assessing the Needs and Monitoring Outcomes of Substance Abuse Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Grantee: RAND Corporation FY99 Funding: $74,976 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: In partnership with RAND, Phoenix House--a nonprofit organization that runs drug treatment and prevention programs for adults and adolescents (including criminal offenders) in several states--is developing a system to routinely monitor each client's treatment process and outcomes called PROMS. The project will enhance development, implementation, and analysis of this system to be able to monitor proximal outcomes for juvenile offenders in Phoenix House programs; describe the characteristics of juvenile offenders in Phoenix House programs; and assess the validity of juvenile treatment clients' self-reported data on criminal justice status and history. Diffusion of State Risk and Protective Factor Focused Prevention Grantee: Social Development Research Group, University of Washington School of Social Work FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Since FY 1997, OJJDP has provided funds to the National Institute on Drug Abuse to support this 5-year study of the public health approach to prevention, focusing on risk and protective factors for substance abuse at the state and community levels. The study is identifying factors that influence the adoption of the public health approach and assessing the association between this approach and the levels of risk and protective factors and substance abuse among adolescents. The study is also examining state substance abuse data gathered from 1988 through 2001 and using interviews to describe the process of implementing the epidemiological risk and protective factor approach in Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, Maine, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Evaluation of Bureau of Justice Assistance-funded Programs Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1.6 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ and BJA Project Description: BJA has provided $1.6 million to NIJ to jointly support the evaluation of BJA programs. The 1998 solicitation sought applications to evaluate multijurisdictional task forces, a toll-free drug abuse prevention information line, and drug testing programs. In FY 1999, NIJ and BJA will continue to collaborate on research funding opportunities in specific areas supported by the Byrne Program. Bureau of Justice Statistics Drug-Related Statistics Grantees: Data collection agents, primarily the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: BJS conducts numerous ongoing data collections on crime and the operation of the justice system. Many of these statistical series collect drug-related information, including: • The Federal Justice Statistics program provides annual data on workload, activities, and case outcomes in the federal criminal justice system. It collects detailed data on drug law violators in the federal justice system. • The National Prisoner Statistics program produces annual and semiannual national and state- level data on the numbers of prisoners in state or federal prison facilities. It collects information on admissions to and releases from state and federal prisons of those persons convicted of drug offenses and obtains data on persons under parole who were convicted of drug offenses. • The Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics Survey collects data from over 3,000 agencies, including all those that employ 100 or more sworn officers and a nationally representative sample of smaller agencies. Data are obtained on the drug-related programs of state and local police and sheriff agencies. • The Census of Local Jails is conducted every five years and obtains a variety of information about jail populations and programs. It collects data on inmate participation in drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs and drug testing for inmates and employees in the nation's jail facilities. • The Prison Census is conducted every five to six years and provides detailed information on types of inmates, programs, staff characteristics, and facility conditions. It collects data on inmate participation in drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs and drug testing for inmates and employees in state and federal prison facilities. • The National Judicial Reporting Program, conducted every two years, surveys a nationwide sample of felony trial courts to collect detailed information on demographic characteristics of felons, conviction offenses, type of sentences, sentence lengths, and amount of time from arrest to conviction and sentencing. It provides information on adjudication and sentencing of drug offenders at the state level. • The State Court Processing Statistics project provides data on the criminal justice processing of persons charged with felonies in 40 jurisdictions representative of the 75 largest counties. It examines drug law violators' criminal histories and status at time of arrest, pretrial release/detention status, trial appearance, and type and length of sentence if convicted. To access data from any of these programs, see the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. For More Information The Drug Court Grant Program Guidelines and Application Kit is available through the NCJRS Clearinghouse by calling toll-free at 1-800/851-3420 and on the DCPO homepage at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo. The application deadline is March 1, 1999. Funding for drug courts also is available under the LLEBG and JAIBG programs described in Chapter 1. Also see Chapter 1 for a description of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners (RSAT) Formula Grant Program, which assists states and units of local government in developing and implementing residential substance abuse treatment programs in correctional facilities. The RSAT application kit is available online at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/kits.htm. Applications are due April 1, 1999. Information about additional resources is available in Chapter 14. OJJDP has a number of Congressional earmarks for substance-abuse related programs. These are described in Chapter 5. Additional substance-abuse related training and technical assistance is described in Chapter 13. The following federal agencies also provide funding and other resources related to substance abuse: • The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in the Executive Office of the White House coordinates the nation's drug control strategy. ONDCP produces the National Drug Control Strategy, which guides the nation's anti-drug efforts and fosters cooperation among federal, state, and local entities. For more information on ONDCP, visit ONDCP's Website at ww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov or call 202/395-6618. The ONDCP Clearinghouse can be reached by telephone at 1-800/666-3332. • The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) National Institutes of Health conducts research and administers several grant programs relating to the study of drug abuse. NIDA also produces support materials to teach children about the effects of drugs on the body. For information on NIDA and its research programs, visit NIDA's Website at www.nida.nih.gov, or call 301/443-6036. • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of HHS's National Institutes of Health supports and conducts biomedical and behavioral research on the causes, consequences, treatment, and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. NIAAA also provides leadership in the national effort to reduce the severe and often fatal consequences of these problems. For information on NIAAA, call the Office of Communications at 301/443-3860 or visit NIAAA's Website at www.niaaa.nih.gov. • The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) provides national leadership in the federal effort to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug problems, which are linked to other serious national problems. A division of HHS's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), CSAP connects people and resources to innovative ideas and strategies and encourages efforts to reduce and eliminate alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug problems in the United States and abroad. For more information on CSAP, call 301/443-0365 or visit CSAP's Website at www.samhsa.gov/csap/. • SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) works with states, communities, health care providers, and national organizations to upgrade the quality of addiction treatment, to improve the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs, and to provide resources to ensure provision of services. For more information on CSAT, call 301/443-5700 or visit its Website at www.samhsa.gov/csat/. • The Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program of the U.S. Department of Education is the federal government's primary vehicle for reducing drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and violence through education and prevention activities in our nation's schools. To learn more about the Safe and Drug Free Schools Program, call 202/260-3954 or visit the program's Website at www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SDFS/. Chapter 4 Combating Family Violence Overview Not long ago, what happened within the home was considered to be a private, family matter excluded from scrutiny by the public. During the last two decades, there has been an increased awareness of the seriousness of child abuse and neglect, spouse/intimate partner violence, and elder abuse, not only as critical societal problems, but as crimes. In addition, there is increasing recognition of the often long-lasting and serious effects on children who witness violence, whether or not they are the actual victims. As a result, there has been an increase in the use of criminal and civil processes to address family violence. National incidence reports and research studies reveal the dramatic increase in reports of family violence and the increasing societal interest in responding to the problem. The nature and extent of violence within the family is tragic and alarming. The following statistics and research findings suggest a continued burden and challenge to our society: • The most recent National Incidence Study (NIS-3) by the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect found there were 2.8 million cases of child maltreatment in the United States in 1996. This estimate indicates a rate of 41.9 children per 1,000 or 1 in 24--a significant increase over the 1.4 million cases known by the agencies surveyed in 1986. • According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Children's Bureau, in 1996 there were an estimated 1,077 fatalities resulting from child maltreatment in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. • BJS data show that in 1996 women experienced an estimated 840,000 rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault victimizations at the hand of an intimate partner, down from 1.1 million in 1993. The percentage of female murder victims killed by intimates has remained at about 30 percent since 1976. • According to a study conducted by the National Center on Elder Abuse, from 1986 to 1996 there was a steady increase (over 150 percent) in reports of domestic elder abuse nationwide. Most elder abuse victims are female, and many cases (almost 37 percent in 1996) involved adult children as abusers. Based on our increasing understanding of the experiences of family violence victims, we know that meaningful strategies for enhancing their safety require a coordinated response. Neither the criminal justice system nor the social service sector alone can prevent family violence; the entire community must be engaged. For this reason, OJP encourages comprehensive efforts to create and adopt locally responsive team approaches involving all segments of the community, including child protective services, victim service providers, criminal and juvenile justice authorities, health care providers, and organizations representing educators, researchers, businesses, members of the clergy, and others who interact with families experiencing violence. There must be collaboration within and among all of these community partners. Police officers, prosecutors, and judges must work closely--not only with each other--but also with child protective services, victim service providers, and health care providers to stop family violence. The unique characteristics of family violence crimes demand that communities establish programs and policies that go beyond usual practice. The entire community needs to be engaged in efforts to enhance family safety. Further, experience suggests that policies, programs, and protocols will be more effective and responsive to local needs if they are driven by actual data. Therefore, it is critical that jurisdictions place a high priority on collecting data and evaluating their programs to ensure that their efforts are meeting the needs of the entire community. The challenge that continues to face communities today is how to change cultural norms and traditions that permit family violence to go undetected. The entire community must convey the message that family violence will not be tolerated. State and local leaders need to capitalize on the unique strengths and resources within their own communities to respond effectively. OJP recognizes that no single segment of the community can bear full responsibility for reducing and preventing family violence. The complexity of establishing and sustaining collaborative approaches is daunting. OJP is committed to assisting state and local jurisdictions in their continued efforts to develop and implement coordinated responses to family violence, and in their efforts to coordinate with not-for-profit service providers. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Grantees: To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998 FY99 Funding: $34 million OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) Eligibility: States, Indian tribal governments, and units of local government Project Description: Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies provide resources and support to help state, local, and tribal governments treat domestic violence as a serious crime requiring the coordinated involvement of the entire criminal justice system, including police, prosecutors, judges, probation officers, and other court personnel to ensure the victim's safety. With the resources provided through this program, law enforcement agencies, prosecutors' offices, and the courts collaborate with each other and with nonprofit, non-governmental victim service agencies to develop and implement programs strengthening mandatory and pro-arrest policies. Program goals include: implementing mandatory arrest or pro-arrest programs and policies, including policies for violations of protection orders; improving tracking of cases involving domestic violence; centralizing and coordinating responsibility for domestic violence cases in special units of police officers, prosecutors, probation and parole officers, or judges; improving systems to ensure communication among police, prosecutors, and the courts; strengthening legal advocacy services for domestic violence victims; and educating judges and others to improve judicial handling of cases. Because OJP received more excellent applications than it was able to fund in FY 1998, new applications will not be solicited for this program in FY 1999. Instead, OJP will select from jurisdictions that submitted applications in FY 1998 but were not funded. Grantees funded in FY 1996 or 1997 received continuation funding in February 1999. Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants Grantee: To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998 FY99 Funding: $23 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Eligibility: Nonprofit organizations, either public or private, that provide legal services to victims of domestic violence or that work with victims of domestic violence who have civil legal needs. This includes law school legal clinics, legal aid or legal services programs, shelters for battered women, and bar associations. Applicants other than domestic violence victim advocacy organizations are strongly encouraged to enter into a collaborative working relationship with a nonprofit, nongovernmental domestic violence victim advocacy organization from the community to be served. Project Description: This program is designed to strengthen civil legal assistance for victims of domestic abuse through innovative, collaborative projects that reach more battered women than are currently being served and on a broader range of issues than are typically addressed. Funds may be used to support or provide direct legal services on behalf of domestic violence victims in civil matters directly related to domestic violence, including: cases to obtain, modify, or enforce civil protection orders; divorce or legal separation; spousal and child support; child custody and/or visitation; administrative matters, such as access to benefits; housing and/or landlord-tenant matters; and matters related to employment, including unemployment compensation proceedings. The core components of projects supported through this grant program include training, mentoring, and collaborative relationships. Lawyers and legal advocates providing services to battered women through this program are encouraged to obtain training and work with mentors from respected domestic violence victim advocacy organizations within the community to be served. Nonlawyers must be fully supervised by attorneys in accordance with local bar rules. Because OJP received far more excellent applications in FY 1998 than it was able to fund, applications are not being solicited for this program in FY 1999. Instead, OJP will select FY 1999 grant recipients from applications submitted in FY 1998 but not funded. FY 1999 awards will be made by April 30, 1999. Safe Kids/Safe Streets Grantees: Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Heart of America United Way, Toledo Hospital Children's Medical Center, Community Network for Children, Youth, and Families of Chittenden County, National Children's Advocacy Center FY99 Funding: $2.7 million OJP Sponsors: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS), and VAWO Project Description: This demonstration program is designed to break the cycle of early childhood victimization and later juvenile or adult criminality, and to reduce child and adolescent abuse and neglect and resulting child fatalities. The five sites are funded to restructure and strengthen the criminal and juvenile justice systems to be more comprehensive and proactive in helping children and adolescents and their families. The program implements or strengthens coordinated management of abuse and neglect cases by improving polices and practices in the criminal and juvenile justice systems, and the child welfare, family services, and related systems. Juvenile Justice Project (earmark) Grantee: Parents Anonymous, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program enhances the Parents Anonymous mission to prevent child abuse and neglect by developing an expanded capability within the Parents Anonymous network to address the needs of high-risk families, with an emphasis on families of color. Parents Anonymous will also provide training and technical assistance to Safe Kids/Safe Streets and SafeFutures sites on using a family-strengthening approach based on the principles of Parents Anonymous and will help implement services and establish groups at those sites. Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) National Grants Program Grantee: National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program works to increase the number of abused and neglected children who are represented by CASA volunteers; provides grants to CASA programs, community groups, and courts for the development and expansion of CASA programs; and provides resources and materials to enhance CASA program management and representation of children. Also see Chapter 11 for a description of the CASA Program Development for Native American Tribal Courts project. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420. S T O P Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grants Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $8.21 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Eligibility: Federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native governments Program Description: The Violence Against Women Act requires that 4 percent of the amount appropriated each year for the S T O P Violence Against Women formula grants must be allocated for grants to Indian tribal governments. The S T O P Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program is described in full in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in Indian Country. Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $25 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Eligibility: For the purposes of this program, the following 19 states are considered rural: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, and Wyoming. Within these 19 states, eligible applicants are: the state, local governments, other public entities, and private entities. Within any states other than the 19 listed above, only a state agency may apply for funding on behalf of one or more of the rural jurisdictions defined as rural in that state. Federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments also are eligible applicants. In addition, an individual tribal government, a consortium of tribal governments, and a tribal government on behalf of a nontribal government organization may apply for funding through this program. Project Description: The Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants address the unique characteristics of rural communities and the additional hurdles faced by victims living in these areas. This program is designed to improve and increase services available to women and children in rural areas by encouraging community involvement in developing a coordinated response to domestic violence and child abuse. Police, prosecutors, judges, nonprofit, nongovernmental victim service agencies, and community organizations in rural jurisdictions are required to collaborate in the development and implementation of programs to reduce and prevent violence against women and children in rural communities. Applications will be available from VAWO in April 1999, and will be due by May 1999. Awards will be made in July 1999. Grants to Combat Violent Crimes Against Women on Campuses Grantees: Competitive FY99 Funding: $10 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Eligibility: Institutions of higher education Project Description: For the first time in FY 1999, Congress appropriated $10 million for Grants to Combat Violent Crimes Against Women on Campuses. These grants will be awarded to higher education institutions to work individually or in consortia consisting of campus personnel, student organizations, campus administrators, security personnel, and regional crisis centers affiliated with the institution, to develop and strengthen effective strategies to combat violent crimes against women on campuses. VAWO anticipates distributing an application kit in early June 1999, which will provide more details and the deadline for submissions. Judicial Oversight Demonstration Program Grantee: Limited Competition FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: The purpose of this program is to test the effectiveness of a coordinated community approach involving strong judicial control and involvement, victim services for safety and transition to a nonviolent environment, and state-of the-art batterer intervention in preventing domestic violence. Three to four current recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies will be selected to receive supplemental demonstration funding in FY 1999. In addition, NIJ will develop an evaluation solicitation to be issued in FY 1999, funded under NIJ's Violence Against Women Research Program. Treatment for Batterers With Substance Abuse Problems (earmark) Grantee: WestCare FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will review an application from WestCare to fund a treatment program for batterers with substance abuse problems. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Violence Against Women Resource Site on the World Wide Web Grantee: University of Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse FY99 Funding: $291,680 OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: To disseminate information about violence against women as quickly and widely as possible, VAWO awarded funds to the University of Minnesota to develop and maintain a Violence Against Women Resource Website on the Internet. The site provides immediate access to technical assistance information about sexual assault and stalking. Excerpts from VAWO's Promising Practices Manual, which highlights innovative initiatives from around the country to address sexual assault and stalking, also are available on the Violence Against Women Resource Website. FY 1999 funding will continue these activities. See Chapter 13 for additional information about this project. The VOICES Project: Violence Outreach and Intervention (earmark) Grantee: Nova Southeastern University, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Part of BJA's Trauma Reduction Initiative, the VOICES Project provides conflict resolution training for personnel who intervene in violent or chronic abuse situations. VOICES combines alternative dispute resolution methods and therapeutic treatment, taking a systemic approach to the individual by dealing with interpersonal violence in the context of the family, health care system, law enforcement, and the community at large. Expanded Violence Intervention Program (earmark) Grantee: Metropolitan Family Services, Chicago, Illinois FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Through the Expanded Violence Intervention Program, Metropolitan Family Services educates the community about the resources available to domestic violence victims, providing outreach and linking victims and services as needed. The project is designed to improve victims' satisfaction with the criminal justice system and to improve their access to the legal system and social services. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Preventing Stalking Grantee: National Victim Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Victim Center will conduct focus groups for VAWO grantees on developing coordinated responses to domestic violence victims in stalking cases. In addition, the National Victim Center will conduct site visits with grantees and coordinate a planning meeting with national experts regarding stalking in domestic violence cases. The STOP Violence Against Women Grants Technical Assistance Project Grantee: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The STOP Violence Against Women Grants Technical Assistance Project provides technical assistance on responding to violence against women to state administrators who manage VAWO's STOP Formula Grants Program and subgrantees funded by the states. The project focuses on enhancing coordinated community responses to domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Technical assistance is provided through regional workshops, site consultations, conference calls, advocacy institutes, and the development and distribution of resource materials. Rural Technical Assistance Service Collaborative Grantee: Praxis International FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Victims of domestic violence in rural communities confront unique challenges, including isolation and limited services. Praxis International will develop materials and conduct workshops for VAWO's rural grantees to enhance the safety of victims and their children in rural communities. Technical assistance will be provided through training institutes, teleconferences, videoconferences, phone consultations, mentoring visits, and the development and distribution of a newsletter and other information. Issue-Oriented Focus Groups for Grantees Grantee: Vera Institute of Justice FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Vera Institute of Justice will provide technical assistance to VAWO grantees by coordinating focus groups on emerging domestic violence issues. The Vera Institute also will facilitate implementation of the Violence Against Women Act's full faith and credit provision through the development of software for law enforcement officers responding to domestic violence crimes. In addition, the Vera Institute will assist grantees with the use of technology in domestic violence cases. Law Enforcement-Related Technical Assistance to Reduce and Prevent Violence Against Women Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Law enforcement officers are often the first responders in domestic violence cases, and their response affects victim safety and willingness to utilize the criminal justice system. Victims of domestic violence whose abusers are law enforcement officers and victims whose abusers stalk them across state or tribal lines confront particularly dangerous obstacles. The IACP will provide technical assistance through focus groups, model policies, and site visits to VAWO law enforcement grantees regarding effective intervention in such cases. The IACP will also continue to distribute an educational pamphlet and train officers regarding enforcement of protection orders across state and tribal lines. Technical Assistance for Recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Provider: Battered Women's Justice Project FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Battered Women's Justice Project will provide technical assistance to recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies to enhance criminal justice system responses to domestic violence. Delivery techniques will include workshops, advocacy institutes, onsite technical assistance, teleconferences, demonstration projects, and curricula development. A broad range of issues will be addressed, including law enforcement strategies, coordinated community responses to domestic violence, and community policing. Enhancing the Response to Domestic Violence Through Public and Private Partnerships Grantee: Eastern Kentucky University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Domestic violence affects women in their communities and workplaces, as well as in their homes. Appropriate responses by the business community and by law enforcement can enhance victim safety. Eastern Kentucky University will work with VAWO grantees to develop community policing strategies and partnerships with the business community to improve services and safety for victims. Professional Development Education for Law Enforcement Grantee: National Training Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Training Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence will provide technical assistance to VAWO law enforcement grantees on effective responses to domestic violence. The project is designed to enhance collaboration between law enforcement departments and victim advocacy organizations in order to improve victim safety. Onsite technical assistance will be provided, and training materials will be developed. Effective Prosecution of Violence Against Women Cases Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: This project is designed to improve prosecutors' responses to domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking cases. APRI will conduct workshops on stalking in rural domestic violence cases, cultural issues in domestic violence cases, and sexual assault prosecution strategies for new and advanced prosecutors. Workshop participation is limited to VAWO grantees. APRI will also convene a focus group on collaboration among criminal justice professionals and advocates for battered women and children. Domestic Violence Prosecution Unit Grantee: Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) FY99 Funding: $1.2 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: At the request of Congress, VAWO will continue to provide funding to EOUSA to support enhancements to and/or expansion of the domestic violence prosecution unit in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia. Crossing Borders: Regional Meetings to Facilitate Implementation of Full Faith and Credit Grantee: National Center for State Courts FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Center for State Courts will conduct five regional meetings for VAWO grantees on enforcement of protection orders across state and tribal lines. Jurisdictional, technological, and operational issues related to implementing full faith and credit will be examined. The National Center for State Courts also will produce educational materials and a full faith and credit directory. National Judicial Institute on Domestic Violence Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Judges have a tremendous impact on the lives of victims, perpetrators, and children in domestic violence cases. The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges will conduct judicial institutes for VAWO grantees on topics such as judicial leadership and activism, including ethical considerations; domestic violence, child protection, and juvenile court interface; and emerging child custody and domestic violence issues; including both civil and criminal tracks. Community collaboration teams will also be trained on intervention in cases involving domestic violence and child protective services. Assisting Battered Immigrant Women: Community-Based Strategies Grantee: Family Violence Prevention Fund FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Family Violence Prevention Fund will forge links among victim advocacy, immigrant services, prosecution, and rural community-based organizations to improve responses to battered immigrants and children in rural communities. Additionally, the project will assess cultural and social barriers faced by battered Asian immigrant women and battered Asian- American women in same-sex relationships. Culturally appropriate responses will be promoted through workshops, focus groups, and curricula development. Older Battered Women and Battered Immigrant Women: Enhancing Safety and Access to Services for Underserved Populations Grantee: American Bar Association (ABA) Commission on Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Victim services providers and criminal justice professionals must understand the unique needs of older battered women and battered immigrant women in order to provide culturally appropriate services to all domestic violence victims. The ABA Commission on Domestic Violence will develop educational modules addressing ways in which service providers can improve responses to battered immigrants and older battered women. Workshops will be delivered to VAWO grantees. Enhancing the Response to Domestic Violence in African-American Communities Grantee: National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives will provide technical assistance to VAWO grantees in developing community-driven collaborations between police and African-American communities to strengthen responses to domestic violence. Focus groups and regional meetings will be conducted with grantees. Working with Women with Disabilities Grantee: National Coalition Against Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Domestic violence victims with disabilities often confront obstacles when seeking services from victim advocacy programs or the criminal justice system. Criminal justice professionals may not understand victims' needs or be able to communicate with them, and shelters or agencies may be inaccessible. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence will conduct pilot regional training sessions for VAWO grantees to assist victim service providers and criminal justice professionals to improve their responses to women with disabilities. Justice for Deaf Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Grantee: Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Service (ADWAS) FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: OVC funded ADWAS in 1998 to provide training and technical assistance to deaf advocates in five communities, and assist them in replicating a culturally appropriate model of services for Deaf, Deaf-Blind, and Hard-of-Hearing victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. The goal of the project is to ensure that these victims have access to needed services and receive fair treatment and support from the criminal justice system and their communities. During the first phase of the project, ADWAS staff trained key leaders and provided onsite technical assistance in each of the five cities. FY 1999 funding will support training and technical assistance in five additional cities. Working with Religious Leaders to Address Domestic Violence Grantee: Center for the Prevention of Sexual and Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Center for the Prevention of Sexual and Domestic Violence will provide technical assistance to grantees on enhancing collaboration between secular and religious leaders to combat violence against women. A leadership training workshop will be held for VAWO grantees. In addition, resource materials, including educational videos, will be updated and distributed. Family Violence Intervention Model for Dental Professionals Grantee: University of Minnesota at Minneapolis FY99 Funding: $80,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Dental professionals are uniquely positioned to identify victims of family violence. Research indicates that many injuries resulting from family violence are found in the head and neck area. Dentists and their staffs frequently have not been trained to intervene effectively and sensitively with family violence victims. OVC awarded funds to the School of Dentistry and the Program Against Sexual Violence at the University of Minnesota to develop a comprehensive education model for dentists and their ancillary staffs, including a videotape on family intervention. This training was pilot-tested in Minnesota in October 1998. During the project's second phase, the grantee will enhance the training curriculum; develop a videotape on the detailed clinical presentation of intentional injuries as a companion to the intervention videotape; conduct four regional training workshops for dental professionals; and collaborate with dental professional and educational organizations to disseminate the videotape and training nationwide. State Coalition and Advocate Training Grantee: National Network to End Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Victim advocates play a critical role in enhancing victim safety and in assisting victims to obtain effective relief from the criminal justice and civil legal systems. The National Network to End Domestic Violence will develop educational materials and training programs to strengthen the skills of state and local battered women's advocates. The project will also provide leadership training for advocates who are women of color and for advocates working with traditionally underserved communities. Blueprints for Violence Prevention: Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: University of Colorado Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence FY99 Funding: $1.4 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project will assist communities in replicating model programs that have proven to be effective in reducing youth violence, delinquency, and substance abuse. Between 1996 and 1998, the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CSPV) conducted a review of over 450 delinquency, drug, and violence prevention programs. Ten programs met strict scientific criteria and evaluation standards to quality as Blueprints for Violence Prevention. The following Blueprints programs are related to family violence: • Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses sends nurses to the homes of pregnant women who are predisposed to infant health and developmental problems to improve parent and child outcomes. Nurse visitors work with families during the first two years after the birth of their first child. • Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care is an effective alternative to residential treatment for adolescents exhibiting chronic delinquency and antisocial behavior. Youth receive treatment while placed in supervised foster families for six to nine months. • Multisystemic Therapy is an effective treatment for decreasing the antisocial behavior of violent and chronic juvenile offenders. The program targets specific factors in each youth's and family's environment (family, peers, school, and neighborhood) that contribute to anti-social behavior to help parents deal effectively with their children's behavior problems. • Functional Family Therapy is a short-term program designed to engage and motivate youth and families to change their communication, interaction, and problem-solving. It also helps families access external resources. Children's Advocacy Center Program Grantee: National Children's Alliance FY99 Funding: $4.5 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program has two purposes: to administer funding to develop and strengthen children's advocacy centers (CACs) nationwide, and to provide training and technical assistance program to state and local programs. CACs are facility-based, multidisciplinary programs that coordinate the investigation, prosecution, and treatment of child abuse cases to improve offender accountability and enhance outcomes for the victims of child abuse and their families. The grantee works with the four regional CACs (see listing under New Programs) to accomplish program goals and support communities interested in establishing CACs by providing the funding and necessary technical consultation, resource material, and training. Child Abuse Prosecution Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project supports programs of the National Center for the Prosecution of Child Abuse (NCPCA). The center works to improve the quality of child abuse prosecution by assisting elected or appointed prosecutors at the local, state, and federal levels. Major services for prosecutors include training, technical assistance, and publications. Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) for Abused and Neglected Children: Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee: National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Project goals are to: increase the number of children served by CASA or Guardian Ad Litem programs; promote and enhance the quality of volunteer representation for children by assuring consistency, quality, and cultural sensitivity in CASA program management; provide training for CASA program staff and volunteers through interdisciplinary training and discussion of child abuse issues; support community outreach and volunteer recruitment efforts; and provide resource development information to CASA programs. Focus areas for training and technical assistance include program development and management, volunteer recruitment and retention, board development, resource development, and grant writing. Education and Resources for Law Enforcement on Sexual Assault Grantee: National Center for Women and Policing FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Center for Women and Policing will train VAWO law enforcement grantees to respond effectively to victims in sexual assault cases. The National Center for Women and Policing will also develop a training manual and a strategic plan for delivering workshops on the appropriate investigation of sexual assault cases. Understanding Sexual Violence: Update and Presentations of a Model Judicial Education Curriculum and Adaptation and Pilots for Prosecutors Grantee: National Organization for Women's National Judicial Education Program FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The National Judicial Education Program will update and present its judicial curriculum, Understanding Sexual Violence: The Judicial Response to Stranger and Nonstranger Rape and Sexual Assault, to judicial grantees in four states. After adapting the curriculum for prosecutors, two regional workshops for prosecutors will be conducted. Participation in the judicial and prosecution workshops will be limited to VAWO grantees. Sexual Assault Coalition Resource-Sharing Project Grantee: The Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs FY99 Funding: $460,000 OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs--along with state sexual assault coalitions in Illinois, Connecticut, Minnesota, and New York--will provide technical assistance to enhance sexual assault coalitions' capacity to strengthen state and community responses to sexual assault. The project will encourage replication of promising practices to create coordinated community responses to sexual assault. Technical assistance will include telephone consultation, regional meetings, and a national meeting of all sexual assault coalitions, and distribution of resource materials. Unheard Voices: Survivors of Sexual Assault Grantee: Project Face to Face/Bay Area Center for Art and Technology (BACAT) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Project Face to Face will expand community awareness and understanding of sexual assault through a traveling art exhibit. The project will create castings and oral histories of sexual assault survivors, and showcase the exhibit in accessible sites. The project will collaborate with sexual assault coalitions and grantees to create supplemental educational materials for the exhibit. Full Faith and Credit Public Service Announcements Grantee: Pace Battered Women's Justice Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: The Violence Against Women Act requires states, tribes, and territories to enforce valid protection orders across state and tribal lines. Yet victims of domestic violence are unaware of this protection. Pace University's Battered Women's Justice Center will develop three public service announcements to increase awareness of this full faith and credit provision. The public service announcements will target a broad national audience, as well as victims from traditionally underserved communities, such as rural communities. Prevention of Violence Against Women in Underserved Communities Grantee: The California Alliance Against Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: This project is designed to improve cultural and linguistic competency for community-based organizations serving victims of domestic violence from diverse communities. The California Alliance Against Domestic Violence will work directly with grantees to enhance service provision. Additionally, domestic violence intervention materials will be identified and translated into other languages with assistance from community-based programs. Technical Assistance for Organizations Serving Lesbian and Bisexual Victims of Violence Grantee: New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Domestic violence victims in same-sex relationships are often unable to obtain appropriate services from law enforcement, other parts of the criminal justice system, or victim advocacy organizations. The New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project, in collaboration with the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Projects, will provide technical assistance to grantees to improve services for lesbians and bisexuals who have been victims of sexual assault, stalking, and domestic violence. Additionally, the project will collaborate with national and local domestic violence and sexual assault organizations to enhance responses to victims. National Aging and Vulnerable Adults Clearinghouse Grantee: Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: Older women often face particular obstacles to obtaining assistance when they are abused by spouses, partners, or caregivers. The Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence will provide technical assistance to VAWO grantees on elder abuse issues to enhance responses by the criminal justice system and victim advocacy organizations to older abused women. In addition to onsite and telephone technical assistance, the Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence also will develop and distribute written materials. Followup to Workshop on Building Data Systems for Monitoring and Responding to Violence Against Women Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: On October 29-30, 1998, NIJ, BJS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a workshop on issues regarding data systems for monitoring and responding to violence against women. NIJ commissioned six papers for the meeting. Plans are underway to publish these papers. Recommendations from the workshop may result in a joint project. The Use of Technologies for Responding to Violence Against Women Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ's Office of Research and Evaluation and Office of Science and Technology will jointly conduct a strategic planning meeting on this topic. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Solicitation for Research on Violence Against Women Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1.25 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in the separate solicitations. Project Description: This program will solicit research to: develop knowledge on patterns of psychological intimidation used by batterers to control women, such as actual or threatened abuse of children and withholding economic support; expand our knowledge about groups known to be at high risk for intimate violence, for example, women who have left abusive relationships; and examine the courts' and social service systems' response to the complex needs of women who have been subjected to multiple forms of abusive control. The solicitation will also draw upon the National Academy of Sciences' reports entitled Understanding Violence Against Women and Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs, as well as identified policy needs. In addition, researcher-practitioner partnerships will be included in this solicitation. Solicitation for Program Evaluation on Violence Against Women Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations. Project Description: This solicitation will seek proposals to examine what is working to improve the outcome of domestic/intimate partner violence and sexual assault cases and enhance safety for women and their children. Emphasis will be placed on justice system evaluation needs. Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships: Evaluations of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies for Domestic Violence Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $625, 000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and VAWO Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations. Project Description: In 1998, NIJ supported four projects that are conducting process evaluations of specific programs or initiatives funded through the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies program.. These evaluations focused on specialized domestic violence courts; training, tracking/monitoring, community safety audits, and services for victims; a centralized domestic violence unit in a sheriff's department; and a domestic violence enhanced community response team. The FY 1999 program will build upon the FY 1998 program by supporting up to eight new partnerships to conduct process evaluations under the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies program, which encourages states, Indian tribal governments, and units of local government to treat domestic violence as a serious violation of criminal law. Evaluation of Victim Programs and Services under Evaluations of the STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $850,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and VAWO Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in the separate solicitations. Project Description: This project will assess the impact of federal funding on nonprofit victim services and advocacy programs funded through the STOP Violence Against Women Program. A scanning component will focus on documenting the number of victims and populations served, but the bulk of the funds will assess program impact. Evaluation of the Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $230,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and VAWO Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profitmaking organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations. Project Description: This solicitation is aimed at research to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs funded under VAWO's Civil Legal Assistance Program, which is designed to strengthen direct civil legal assistance available to domestic violence victims. The program provides an opportunity for communities to examine the ways in which the legal needs of battered women are met. The purpose of the national evaluation is to provide feedback by: 1) documenting the range of activities and programs supported by the grants; 2) assessing the accomplishments of grantees; 3) examining grantee planning and implementation efforts; and 4) developing a strategy for documenting long-term effects. Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Research Grants Solicitation Grantee: To Be Selected from Applications Submitted Early in FY 1999 FY99 Funding: $250,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This solicitation seeks proposals that will use NIJ's ADAM research program to conduct primary data collection or secondary data analysis using the ADAM system and to foster research on the development of the ADAM program itself. Policy issues to be investigated include the links between drug use and domestic/intimate partner violence. Program evaluations may examine domestic/intimate partner violence and drug use either as a single program or as separate coordinated programs. Some $250,000 of the $750,000 available is set aside for research on violence against women using ADAM data. Additional information on the ADAM program can be found in Chapter 3. Evaluation of Parents Anonymous Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $300,000 OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Eligibility: Public or private agencies or individuals capable of conducting a large, multi-site evaluation. Project Description: Parents Anonymous (PA) is a private, national organization providing support to local voluntary groups of parents who wish to avoid or cease abusing their children. PA involves mutual support meetings facilitated by a volunteer parent leader and a volunteer professional. The proposed evaluation will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will measure the operationalization of the theoretical premises, principles, best practices, and model of the PA program. In Phase II of the study, the various factors that contribute to the program's effectiveness will be explored, and survey instruments will be developed to measure outcomes related to both parents and their children. Program outcomes and impacts will be measured using the design and data collection instruments developed during Phase I. NIJ and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cofunded Research Program Grantees: See Below FY99 Funding: $500,000 (total for all 3 projects) OJP Sponsor: NIJ NIJ is in year two of a 3-year joint program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). The program consists of the following three research projects: • Welfare Reform and Violent Victimization of Women Grantee: University of North Texas Project Description: This longitudinal project will continue investigating the reciprocal effects of change in the welfare system and domestic physical, sexual, and psychological abuse among a large multi-ethnic sample of low-income African-American, Mexican-American, and European-American women. The project hopes to be able to identify what happens to women as welfare changes from a set of entitlement programs to time-limited assistance. Data on alcohol consumption, suicide history, mental disorders, adverse stress effects, depression, help-seeking behavior, spousal homicide, partner violence, assaultive injuries, and sexual assault are being collected. • Sexual and Intimate Violence Among High-Risk Mexican-American Females Grantee: University of Texas at San Antonio Project Description: The objective of this project is to develop a scientifically based understanding of sexual and intimate partner violence among high-risk Mexican-American adolescent females. The study hopes to shed light on the etiology of sexual and intimate partner violence by examining such violence in samples of high-risk, gang-affiliated females in comparison with a representative sample of females who are not gang-affiliated and who demonstrate healthy family and academic functioning. • Prevention of Sexual Assault Among High-Risk Women Grantee: University of Georgia Project Description: This project will evaluate a program designed to reduce the risk of revictimization of women who are previous victims of sexual assault. The program to be tested includes psycho-education and training in identification of personal risk factors, problem-solving skills, and assertiveness in risky situations. Participants are women who report at least one sexual victimization in adolescence and/or adulthood. They are being assessed over a 24-month period for frequency and severity of victimization, self-efficacy, assertiveness, psychological adjustment, and physical and emotional abuse. Evaluation of the Safe Kids/Safe Streets Project Grantee: Westat, Inc. FY99 Funding: $300,000 OJP Sponsors: OJJDP, EOWS, and VAWO Project Description: This evaluation is designed to analyze and document the process of community mobilization, planning, and collaboration that takes place as part of the Safe Kids/Safe Streets project; to inform program staff of performance levels on an ongoing basis; and to determine the effectiveness of the implemented program in achieving the goals of the Safe Kids/Safe Streets initiative. The Safe Kids/Safe Streets project is described below. For More Information The primary source of OJP funding for efforts to combat violence against women is VAWO's STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women Formula Grants. STOP Formula Grants are awarded to states and territories to develop and strengthen the criminal justice system's response to violence against women--including domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking--and to support and enhance services for victims. VAWO sent an application kit to the designated agency in each state and territory in November 1998. Awards are expected to be made by the end of February 1999. For application kits and other information on VAWO programs, see its Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/VAWO/. Many of the programs described in other chapters of the Program Plan include components relevant to family violence. In particular, see Chapter 2, Empowering Communities to Address Crime, and Chapter 11 for a description of initiatives to address violence against Native American women. Chapter 7, Protecting and Supporting Victims of Crime, also describes family violence- related efforts, including the Deputy Attorney General's Children Exposed to Violence Initiative. Also see Chapter 13 for a description of training and technical assistance for violence against women efforts. The Department of Health and Human Services is involved in a number of initiatives relating to family violence, child abuse and neglect, and violence against women as a women's health issue. HHS administers grants for women's shelters and related services, such as community outreach and prevention and children's counseling. Also, HHS provides grants to states for rape prevention and education programs conducted by rape crisis centers or similar nongovernmental, nonprofit entities. For more information on HHS programs, call the HHS Office of Public Affairs at 202/690-7850 or visit the HHS Website at www.dhhs.gov. HHS also operates the National Domestic Violence Hotline, a 24-hour, toll-free service that provides crisis assistance and local shelter referrals to callers from across the country. The voice number is 1-800/799-SAFE, and the TDD number for the hearing impaired is 1-800/787-3224. VAWnet, the National Electronic Network on Violence Against Women, is a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence, with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. VAWnet is an effort to enhance the work of state domestic violence and sexual assault coalitions and allied national organizations through the use of electronic networking. More information on VAWnet is available from the NRCDV at 1-800/537-2238 or by TTY at 1-800/553-2508. Chapter 5 Addressing Youth Crime Overview After a 60 percent increase in juvenile arrests for violent crime between 1988 and 1994, the rate has finally begun to decline over the past several years. Between 1994 and 1997, juvenile violent crime arrests decreased by 23 percent. Most notable are trends in the juvenile arrest rate for murder. After doubling between 1987 and 1993, juvenile arrests for murder dropped by more than 40 percent between 1993 and 1997. Yet, rarely a day goes by without a dramatic news story about another episode of youth violence. And last year's spate of school shootings reminds us that much remains to be done to prevent young people from resorting to violence and to ensure that violent juveniles receive appropriate interventions. While about 5 percent of youth with a juvenile record are chronic and violent offenders, most juvenile offenders are simply kids with too much idle time, too little positive adult supervision, and too few healthy role models. Add to this the ready availability of guns and drugs, the more than a million cases of child abuse and neglect each year, parents without parenting skills, and inadequate attention to children with special education and mental health needs, and we can begin to understand some of the factors that contribute to juvenile crime. With so many risk factors for young people today, we know that there is no magic formula that will cure the problem of juvenile crime overnight. But experience and research are pointing to a number of effective responses to reduce youth crime, starting with the earliest stages of life: good prenatal care, nurse home visitation programs for newborns at risk of abuse and neglect, steps to strengthen parents' skills for dealing with crises, and initiatives to prepare children for school. These initiatives build the foundation for law-abiding lives for children and interrupt the cycle of violence that can turn abused or neglected children into delinquents. We also know what works to prevent crime among older children. Studies show that more than 50 percent of violent juvenile crime occurs afterschool--between 3 p.m. and 8 p.m. Providing activities for youth in the afterschool hours and on weekends can reduce youth crime. Boys and Girls Clubs and well-designed mentoring programs, such as Big Brothers/Big Sisters, can reduce juvenile alcohol and drug use, improve school performance, and prevent youth from getting involved in crime and violent behavior. At the same time, we need to couple these effective prevention programs with a juvenile justice system that takes quick, effective steps with young people as soon as they come to the attention of police, juvenile courts, or social service agencies. A strong juvenile justice system assesses the danger youth pose, determines what can help pull them back from the edge of a life of crime, delivers appropriate treatment, and "sticks with" these kids when they return to the community to keep them on course. A strong system also appropriately identifies those juveniles beyond its reach and ensures their criminal prosecution and incapacitation. Yet too many young people are falling through the cracks. Programs designed to serve children, families, and communities too often lack the resources to get involved early enough to successfully intervene with youth heading down the wrong path. Low levels of funding allow service providers and juvenile justice practitioners only to react to kids in crisis, and not address the underlying symptoms in a thoughtful, consistent, and sustained manner that will make a real difference. Despite these problems, significant progress in addressing juvenile crime is being made. Many states have enacted legislation to address serious youth crime and violence using an accountability- based approach to deal with these young offenders. In addition, with OJJDP assistance, many communities are implementing OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, to pull together all the resources in a community to address this problem. All sectors--families, communities, public and private organizations, and government at every level-- increasingly recognize that they have a role and a stake in helping youth become productive members of our society. And although the tragedy of school shootings is overwhelming, our nation has responded by initiating a serious dialogue about how best to strengthen the juvenile justice system and make it more effective in preventing youth violence, intervening with serious juvenile offenders, responding to victims, and, perhaps most importantly, protecting the public. Preventing delinquency and reducing youth violence continues to be a high priority for the Attorney General and for OJP. As the juvenile justice system in this country celebrates its 100th anniversary in 1999, the OJP bureaus and offices will continue to work in partnership with state and local officials, national youth-serving organizations, and others to respond to this tremendous challenge. Continuation Programs The following projects will be conducted by current and already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. The Chicago Project for Violence Prevention Grantee: University of Illinois School of Public Health FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: The Chicago Project for Violence Prevention is a citywide, long-term effort to reduce violence. Objectives include reductions in homicide, physical injury, disability, and emotional harm from assault, domestic abuse, sexual abuse, rape, and child abuse and neglect. A partnership among the Chicago Department of Public Health, the Illinois Council for the Prevention of Violence, the University of Illinois, and Chicago communities, the project began in 1995 with joint funding from OJJDP, BJA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The project provides technical assistance to a variety of community-based and citywide organizations involved in violence prevention planning. Home Visitation Grantee: University of Colorado Health Services Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program provides nurse home visitation to expectant mothers and mothers of preschool children in five Operation Weed and Seed sites and one SafeFutures site. The program has three major goals: (1) to prepare clear, comprehensive home visitation materials to facilitate dissemination of the program; (2) to demonstrate the program in the six sites and provide technical support and training to local staff; and (3) evaluate the program, focusing on the dissemination process. Boys & Girls Clubs of America (earmark) Grantee: Boys & Girls Clubs of America (B&GCA) FY99 Funding: $40 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: Targeting areas where children are most disadvantaged, B&GCA provides at- risk boys and girls with a full and fair opportunity to lead productive and meaningful lives. Clubs accomplish this core objective by providing a safe haven from the negative influences of the street; providing guidance, discipline, and values modeled on caring adult leaders; constructive youth development activities and programs in supervised supportive environments; access to comprehensive, coordinated services that meet the complex needs of at-risk youth; educational support, increased awareness of career options, and goal-setting skills; comprehensive violence prevention initiatives; and by providing youth a vision of what life beyond public housing and other bleak circumstances may hold. TeenSupreme Career Preparation Initiative Grantee: Boys & Girls Clubs of America FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration) Project Description: This initiative provides employment training and other related services to at- risk youth through local Boys & Girls Clubs with TeenSupreme Centers. In FY 1998, Department of Labor funds supported program staffing in the existing 41 TeenSupreme Centers, provided intensive training and technical assistance to each site, and provided administrative and staffing support to this program from the national office. OJJDP funds supported the evaluation component of the program, which is to be implemented by an independent evaluator. Proactive Youth Program Grantee: University of New Mexico Regents FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The New Mexico Police Activities League (PAL) is implementing a statewide prevention project consisting of recreational, educational, and cultural activities for at-risk youth between the ages of 5 and 18 and their families. The Albuquerque PAL will provide the initial model for the organization and implementation of the New Mexico PAL project. Local PAL programs will be initiated in at least 12 other New Mexico communities. The overall goal of the project is to reduce negative behavior and promote healthy behavioral patterns among New Mexico's youth by providing activities that unite youth with law enforcement officers, educators, and other positive adult role models. A Demonstration Afterschool Program Grantee: University of New Mexico Regents FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Known as Estrella, this project is designing and evaluating a pilot afterschool program to reduce juvenile delinquency and increase educational retention at Gadsden Independent School District in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. Through a curriculum of hands-on science and reading projects and supervised recreation, Estrella will provide a constructive alternative to afternoons of unsupervised free time. New Mexico Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (NM MESA) will provide the academic component of the program. Middle school students will mentor elementary students in a highly interactive learning environment developed through the use of the nationally recognized MESA curriculums. The New Mexico Police Athletic League (PAL) will provide a sports component to round out the program, and the University of New Mexico's Institute for Social Research will evaluate it. The SAGE Project and PRIDE Center Afterschool Program Grantee: Springfield College FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The SAGE project is continuing a program to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency and school violence. The long-term goal of the PRIDE Center is to provide a comprehensive year-round juvenile delinquency prevention and intervention program that supports the SAGE project as a whole. This project enables the collaborating organizations to: 1) expand and enhance adult-mentored and supervised, structured educational opportunities for court-involved and high-risk youth; 2) involve additional city agencies and community-based organizations through the PRIDE Center; and 3) continue to evaluate and disseminate findings on the project's success for replication in other urban areas. Building Blocks for Youth Grantee: Youth Law Center. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The goals of this initiative are to protect minority youth in the justice system and promote rational and effective juvenile justice policies. These goals are accomplished by: (1) conducting research on issues such as the impact of new state laws on minority youth and the implications of privatization of juvenile facilities by profit-making corporations; (2) undertaking an analysis of decision-making in the justice system and development of model decision-making criteria that reduce or eliminate disproportionate impact on minority youth; (3) building a constituency for change at the national, state, and local levels; and (4) developing communication strategies to disseminate information. A fifth component--direct advocacy for minority youth--is funded by other sources, not by OJJDP. Intensive Treatment Family Programs Grantee: KidsPeace National Centers for Kids in Crisis of North America FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: KidsPeace provides individualized foster care to seriously disturbed children and adolescents in a therapeutic family setting. With OJJDP funding, KidsPeace is expanding its program to additional sites. KidsPeace has established four sites (Union, New Jersey; Orchard Park and Albany, New York; and Muncie, Indiana) and a fifth site is currently under development. Insular Area Support Grantees: U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This statutorily required program provides support to the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to address the special needs and problems of juvenile delinquency in these insular areas, as provided by Section 261(e) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended [42 U.S.C.  5665(e)]. Operation Weed and Seed Grantee: State and local governments and nonprofit organizations FY99 Funding: $33.5 million, with an additional $6.5 million from surplus asset forfeiture funds OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) Project Description: Several elements of Operation Weed and Seed (described in Chapter 2) have a youth focus. For example, all Weed and Seed sites are required to have one or more safe havens to provide after-school tutoring and recreation. Weed and Seed sites are encouraged to apply for funding under Weed and Seed Special Emphasis Initiatives in areas with a youth focus, including: truancy prevention, conflict resolution, justice innovations, jobs for at-risk youth, anti-gang programs, prevention through the arts, and mentoring. Sites are also given the option of implementing a Drug Education For Youth (DEFY) program a 1-week summer camp followed by mentoring over the following year. DEFY is a collaborative effort involving the U.S. Attorney's Office and a military partner. In addition, EOWS and OJJDP will continue to work together to implement joint projects, such as Safe Kids/Safe Streets, Home Visitation, and Truancy Prevention. For a full description of Operation Weed and Seed, see Chapter 2. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list. Diversion and Mediation Services (earmark) Grantee: Lincoln-Lancaster Mediation Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider funding a project that provides diversion services to youth offenders and mediation services for offenders and victims of crime. Developing Mentors for Safety Grantee: Peace Games FY99 Funding: $90,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Peace Games, Inc., a nonprofit organization, will give young adults the opportunity to become actively involved in public safety and public service efforts by training them to mentor at-risk youth. By providing these mentors with the knowledge and skills to incorporate peace and justice into their instruction, interaction, and values, both the mentors and at-risk youth are more likely to strive for peace and justice inside and outside the classroom. New OJJDP Programs The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act requires OJJDP to publish for public comment a Proposed Comprehensive Plan describing the programs it proposes to conduct each year, and then, taking into consideration the comments received, publish a Final Comprehensive Plan. For FY 1999, OJJDP is considering funding competitive programs in the following broad topic areas: information dissemination; training and technical assistance in the area of jobs and vocational training for juveniles involved in the justice system; effective use of information sharing and design and implementation of management information systems by juvenile justice practitioners; child abuse and neglect and dependency courts (transitions from foster care to independent adult living, capacity-building to enable community-based organizations to respond appropriately to abused and neglected children, and evaluation of children's advocacy centers); a partnership with the U.S. Department of Education to sponsor a center for students with learning disabilities in the juvenile justice system; community justice and balanced and restorative justice approaches to enhance the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system; mental health issues (general and managed mental health care for juvenile justice system-involved juveniles and increased knowledge of risk factors involved in suicide by juveniles in custody); risk and needs assessments; positive growth experiences for youth (e.g., arts programs in detention, afterschool programs targeted at high risk youth, and model recreation and parks programs); the Interstate Compact on Juveniles; and research and demonstration programs focusing on the needs of at-risk female juveniles and girls involved in the juvenile justice system. More definitive information on FY 1999 OJJDP programs will be published in its Final Comprehensive Plan after public comments have been received and considered. A Final OJJDP Program Plan describing FY 1999 initiatives will be published in the Federal Register and will be available from OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org or by calling the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse at 1-800/638-8736. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Partnerships for Preventing Violence Grantee: Harvard University School of Public Health FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with the Departments of Education and Health and Human Services) Project Description: This program continues an interagency agreement to provide support for long-distance training using satellite videoconferencing. The project supports a series of six live, interactive satellite training broadcasts that focus on violence prevention programs and strategies that have proven promising or effective. The training is targeted to school and community violence prevention personnel, health care providers, law enforcement officials, and other service providers representing a variety of community-based and youth-serving organizations. To date, two events have been held; the third telecast is scheduled for April 16, 1999. For further information, contact Frank Porpotage at OJJDP at 202/616-3634 or via E-mail at Frank@ojp.usdoj.gov. Hate Crime Prevention Grantee: Education Development Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with the U.S. Department of Education) Project Description: Under an OJJDP grant, the Education Development Center (EDC) developed Healing the Hate, a multipurpose curriculum for hate crime prevention in middle schools and other classroom settings. OJJDP expanded this grant to allow EDC to provide training and technical assistance to youth, educators, juvenile justice and law enforcement professionals, representatives of local public/private community agencies and organizations, and the faith community. EDC will expand its training and technical assistance to new sites and further disseminate the products through the education and juvenile justice networks. In addition, EDC will provide onsite, short- term technical assistance to practitioners interested in hate crime issues and assist state juvenile justice agencies to formulate hate crime prevention components for their juvenile delinquency prevention plans. For more information, contact Karen McLaughlin at 617/969-7100 or by E-mail at KarenM@EDC.org. National Center for Conflict Resolution Education Grantee: Illinois Institute for Dispute Resolution FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with the Department of Education) Project Description: The center works to integrate conflict resolution education (CRE) programming into all levels of education in schools, juvenile facilities, and youth-serving organizations. In FY 1998, OJJDP entered into a partnership with the U.S. Department of Education to expand and enhance this project. The grantee provides training and technical assistance through onsite training and consultation for teams from schools, communities, and juvenile facilities; by providing resource materials, including the guide to implementing conflict resolution programs; and by partnering with state-level agencies to establish state training institutes and otherwise build local capacity to implement successful CRE programs for youth. The center also facilitates peer-to-peer mentoring. For further information, contact Donna Crawford at 217/384-4118 or via E-mail at IIDR@aol.com. Communities In Schools (CIS)--Federal Interagency Partnership Grantee: Communities In Schools, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: CIS, Inc. will continue to provide training and technical assistance to help states and local communities implement its national school dropout prevention model. The model provides social, employment, mental health, drug prevention, entrepreneurship, and other resources for high-risk youth and their families in the school setting. Where they exist, CIS state organizations assume primary responsibility for local program replication under the Federal Interagency Partnership. For further information, contact Peter Bankson at 703/519-8999 or by E-mail at CIS@cisnet.org. CIS also has a Website at www.cisnet.org. National Youth Gang Center Grantee: Institute for Intergovernmental Research FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The National Youth Gang Center (NYGC) provides support services to the National Youth Gang Consortium, which is composed of several federal agencies. NYGC also works to expand and maintain the body of critical knowledge about youth gangs and effective responses for dealing with gang activity, and provides technical assistance for OJJDP's Rural Gang Initiative. With FY 1999 funding, NYGC will conduct more in-depth analyses of the National Youth Gang Survey results that track changes in the nature and scope of the youth gang problem and continue its efforts to foster integration of gang-related questions into relevant surveys and national data collection efforts. For more information, access the NYGC Website at www.iir.com/nygc or call toll-free at 1-800/466-0912. Gang Prevention Through Targeted Outreach Grantee: Boys & Girls Clubs of America FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Boys and Girls Clubs of America will continue to provide training and technical assistance to local gang prevention and intervention sites, including some at SafeFutures and OJJDP Comprehensive Gang sites. The project includes funds for local clubs to implement the Targeted Outreach program. A national evaluation of this program also is being conducted by Public/Private Ventures. Training and Technical Assistance for the Rural Gang Initiative Grantee: National Youth Gang Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The National Youth Gang Center provides training and technical assistance to demonstration sites under OJJDP's Rural Gang Initiative. In FY 1999, training and technical assistance will continue to be provided to those sites chosen to implement the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang model. Training and technical assistance will focus on adapting the OJJDP model to rural jurisdictions and on implementing the model in a theoretically sound manner. Assistance will be delivered through onsite visits, conferences, meetings, and other means, such as telephone and electronic media. Technical Assistance for State Legislatures Grantee: National Conference of State Legislatures FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Since FY 1995, OJJDP has awarded annual grants to the National Conference of State Legislatures to provide relevant, timely information on comprehensive approaches in juvenile justice to aid state legislators in improving state juvenile justice systems. Nearly every state has enacted, or is considering, statutory changes affecting the juvenile justice system. This project has helped policy makers understand the ramifications and nuances of juvenile justice reform. The project also supports increased communication between state legislators and state and local leaders who influence decision-making regarding juvenile justice issues. Training and Technical Assistance for Family Strengthening Programs Grantee: University of Utah Department of Health Education FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Under this cooperative agreement, the University of Utah Department of Health Education (DHE) will continue to provide training and technical assistance to communities interested in establishing or enhancing a continuum of family strengthening efforts. After a literature review, the grantee convened regional training conferences to showcase selected exemplary and promising family strengthening programs; developed a process for sites to receive follow-up training on specific program models; conducted program-specific workshops; produced and then updated user and training-of-trainers guides; and distributed videos of several family strengthening workshops. The grantee's technical assistance delivery system and the overall impact of the project are being assessed. In FY 1999, this program will expand its surveys and research on effective practices and assist in replication of identified programs. Title V Technical Assistance Contractor: Developmental Research and Programs, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This contract provides training to help states implement OJJDP's Title V Community Prevention Grants program. The training provides information to key community leaders on data-based effective delinquency prevention strategies and ways to assess risk factors and resources in their communities. The project also seeks to increase the capacity of states to conduct data-based risk and resiliency focused training after federal support ends. Telecommunications Assistance Grantee: Eastern Kentucky University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: OJJDP uses information technology and long-distance training to facilitate access to information and training for juvenile justice professionals. This cost-effective medium enhances OJJDP's ability to share with the field salient elements of the most effective or promising approaches to various juvenile justice issues. In FY 1995, OJJDP awarded a competitive grant to Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) to produce live satellite teleconferences. EKU will continue to provide program support and technical assistance through a variety of information technologies, including cybercasting "live" satellite videoconferences on the Internet. Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: A component of the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse (JJC) collects, synthesizes, and disseminates information on all aspects of juvenile justice. JJC serves the juvenile justice community, legislators, the media, and the public. JJC offers toll-free telephone access to information; prepares specialized responses to information requests; produces, warehouses, and distributes OJJDP publications; exhibits at national conferences; maintains a comprehensive juvenile justice library and data base; and administers several electronic information resources. JJC can be reached by calling toll-free at 1-800/638-8736 or through the NCJRS Website at www.ncjrs.org. Juvenile Justice Resource Center Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Through this contract, Aspen Systems Corporation provides technical assistance and support to OJJDP, its grantees, and the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in the areas of program development, evaluation, training, and research. With assistance from expert consultants, the Juvenile Justice Resource Center (JJRC) coordinates the peer review process for OJJDP grant applications and grantee reports, conducts research and prepares reports on current juvenile justice issues, plans meetings and conferences, and provides administrative support to various federal councils and boards. JJRC also assists OJJDP with research to prepare congressionally mandated studies and other reports. Safe Gun Storage Media Campaign Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council FY99 Funding: $350,000 OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) and OJJDP Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council, working in conjunction with BJA, OJJDP, the Department, and The Advertising Council, Inc., will work to develop new programs in at least 200 communities to teach gun owners about responsible ownership and keeping illegal guns out of the hands of juveniles. BJA and OJJDP will provide funding ($175,000 each) to initiate research for the development of a Safe Gun Storage public service advertising media campaign. This air and print media campaign will promote personal responsibility among gun owners by showing them that reasonable measures can and should be taken to secure weapons in the home. The projected release date for the media campaign is April-May 2000. Youth As Resources Program Grantee: Chicago Area Project FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This award will support the expansion of the Chicago Area Project's Youth As Resources program. BJA funds will be used to develop and sustain local partnerships with community organizations, local law enforcement, and juvenile courts; to provide technical assistance to other jurisdictions; and to create a Youth As Resources implementation guide for public housing communities. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency Grantee: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder; Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; and Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, State University of New York-Albany FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Since 1986, this longitudinal study has addressed a variety of issues related to juvenile violence and delinquency and has produced a wealth of information on the causes and correlates of delinquent behavior. The three grantees pursue both collaborative research efforts and site-specific research. Results from the study have been used extensively in the field of juvenile justice and contributed significantly to the development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders and other program initiatives. National Academy of Sciences Study of Juvenile Justice Grantee: National Academy of Sciences FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with the U.S. Department of Education) Project Description: The National Academy of Sciences is drawing upon expertise in the scientific and practitioner communities to synthesize scientific research and expert opinion regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of juvenile crime. Following an examination of empirical and clinical research on the origin of and pathways to youth violence and justice system treatment of juveniles, the review will be supplemented by two workshops and site visits to selected programs. These activities will help to identify: 1) the elements of settings, with a particular emphasis on family and school, that inhibit or contribute to the ways in which serious delinquency develops; 2) juvenile and criminal justice system concerns regarding the shifts in youth crime prevention and control policies; and 3) juvenile violence and policing practices in public and federally assisted housing. The study will identify key elements of current efforts and policies that appear to either contribute to or inhibit the development of effective interventions and control mechanisms for youth violence and delinquency. Intergenerational Transmission of Antisocial Behavior Project Grantee: SUNY Research Foundation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with the National Institute of Mental Health) Project Description: The project is examining the development of antisocial behavior and delinquency in children who were the subject of research under the Rochester Youth Development Study. The Rochester study was a part of OJJDP's Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency. By age 21, 40 percent of the original Rochester subjects were parents. This project provides a unique opportunity to examine and track the development of delinquent behavior across three generations in a particularly high-risk sample. Multi-site, Multi-modal Treatment Study of Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: In 1992, NIMH began a study of the long-term efficacy of stimulant medication and intensive behavioral and educational treatment for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although ADHD is classified as a childhood disorder, up to 70 percent of affected children continue to experience symptoms in adolescence and adulthood. The study will continue through 2000 and will follow the original families and a comparison group. OJJDP's participation will allow for investigation into the subjects' delinquent behavior and contact with the legal system, including arrests and court referrals. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project supports the second round of data collection under the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97, a study of school-to-work transition in a nationally representative sample of 8,700 youth ages 12 to 16 years old. BLS is also collecting data on the involvement of these youth in antisocial and other behavior that may affect their transition to productive work careers. This survey provides information about risk and protective factors related to the initiation, persistence, and desistance of delinquent and criminal behavior. Risk Reduction Via Promotion of Youth Development Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Mental Health FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute on Drug Abuse) Project Description: Also known as Early Alliance, this program is a large-scale prevention study involving hundreds of children in several elementary schools in lower socio-economic neighborhoods in Columbia, South Carolina. The project is designed to promote coping- competence and reduce risk for conduct problems, aggression, substance use, delinquency and violence, and school failure beginning in early elementary school. Children are being followed longitudinally throughout the five years of the project. The program is conducted through an NIMH grant to the University of South Carolina. Study Group on Very Young Offenders Grantee: University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program is exploring what is known about the prevalence and frequency of very young (under the age of 13) offending. The University of Pittsburgh is examining whether such offending predicts future delinquent or criminal careers; how these youth are handled by various systems including juvenile justice, mental health, and social services; and what methods are best for preventing very young offending and persistence of offending. Dreams, Drugs, and Gangs: The Interplay Between Adolescent Violence and Immigration in a New York City Neighborhood Grantee: Vera Institute of Justice FY99 Funding: $48,786 OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: This project is studying 25 first- and second-generation immigrant youth in a Dominican neighborhood in New York City. The goal of the project is to document how the immigrant experience affects the amount of violence youth encounter as witnesses, victims, and perpetrators. Data obtained through participant observation, field notes, and youth and parent interviews will be analyzed using qualitative methods to identify themes pertaining to danger, safety, and crime, as well as patterns of violence and ways in which these are related to family and neighborhood organization. The relationship between immigration and youth violence will be explored, including phenomena, such as circular migration, levels of acculturation, and coping strategies. In addition, the project will examine geo-coded crime data from this community and compare them with participants' perceptions of safe and dangerous neighborhoods. Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Evaluation Grantee: University of Nebraska-Omaha FY99 Funding: $125,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will continue to support the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program managed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. The evaluation will assess the instruction of GREAT officers and the effectiveness of GREAT in terms of attitudinal and behavioral consequences on students. There will be onsite observation of officer training programs and administration of questionnaires to students, parent/caretakers, and school and police personnel. There also will be site-specific reports, including case studies of program implementation. Survey of School-Based Gang Prevention and Intervention Programs Grantee: Gottfredson Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project is classifying and describing approaches used by schools to prevent or reduce gang involvement among students in a large sample of urban, suburban, and rural schools. In addition, a search and review of activities undertaken by states to identify and evaluate school-based gang prevention and intervention programs will be completed. Based on a review of programs identified in a national survey currently under way, a small number of promising programs will be examined more closely and described. Technical reports will describe the full range of gang prevention and intervention efforts currently being implemented in the United States, and will compare program types and quality of implementation across different school levels and locations. A report will highlight promising programs and practices and include guidelines on program development. Safe Schools/Healthy Students Research and Evaluation Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ with other federal agencies Project Description: NIJ will seek proposals to identify effective, promising, or innovative strategies for preventing school violence and improving the school environment. This effort will emphasize identification of risk and protective factors and the role of law enforcement officers in school violence prevention. NIJ will also seek proposals to evaluate innovative strategies for creating and maintaining safe schools. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Juvenile Justice Programs Grantee: University of Texas-Dallas FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The University of Texas and the Dallas County Juvenile Department are working together to perform a cost-benefit analysis of juvenile adjudication in the county to explore the extent to which the method can provide better answers to increasingly urgent questions. The project is examining methods to measure the impact of various programs and the cost-benefit relationships of different programs. The project is guided by an Advisory Board composed of state and local practitioners. Impact of the 1997 Juvenile Justice Sentencing Guidelines Grantee: University of Utah FY99 Funding: $200,000 OJP Sponsors: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: The project is assessing the effectiveness of the juvenile sentencing guidelines and early intervention mandates passed by the Utah legislature in 1997 to prevent young delinquents from becoming serious offenders. This project will assess the ability of a state to implement guidelines and to determine which early intervention programs developed and administered by the Juvenile Court in conjunction with the state's youth corrections agency can successfully deter youth from delinquent activity. Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program (JAIBG) National Evaluation Grantee: Abt Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: 499,875 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: This is a continuation of the 24-month national process evaluation of the JAIBG program to document: 1) how the program is administered; 2) how the JAIBG grants have been used by state and local recipients; 3) what practitioners' and policy makers' attitudes have been regarding the JAIBG program; and 4) the extent to which states are progressing in implementing five JAIBG initiatives. Abt is conducting mail surveys of state and local practitioners and policy makers in the 56 jurisdictions eligible for JAIBG funding and site visits to six jurisdictions. Quantum Opportunities Program (QOP) Evaluation Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Labor FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Designed by the Ford Foundation and Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America, QOP is a career enrichment program that provides basic education, personal and cultural development, community service, and mentoring. The evaluation will determine whether QOP reduces the likelihood that inner-city youth at educational risk will enter the criminal or juvenile justice system. Outcomes to be examined include academic achievement in high school, misbehavior in school, self-esteem and sense of control over one's life, educational and career goals, and personal decisions such as teenage parenthood, substance abuse, and criminal activity. Data on criminal activity are being collected from individual student interviews. Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development Grantee: National Center for Juvenile Justice FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development program works to improve national, state, and local statistics on juveniles as victims and offenders. The project focuses on three major tasks: 1) assessing how current information needs are being met with existing data collection efforts and recommending options for improving national level statistics; 2) analyzing data and disseminating information gathered from existing federal statistical series and national studies; and 3) providing training and technical assistance tools for local agencies in developing or enhancing management information systems. State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers Grantee: Competitive among state Statistical Analysis Centers (SAC)s FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and OJJDP Project Description: The State Justice Statistics Program provides support to state Statistical Analysis Centers to carry out data collection and analysis of criminal justice themes/issues of significant interest to criminal justice decision-makers. These themes are identified each year by BJS in conjunction with other OJP components to reflect issues of current concern and significance to criminal justice practitioners. During the last couple years, BJS has partnered with OJJDP to provide funds to SACs to examine critical juvenile justice issues. Other areas of research and analyses include criminal history record and sex offender registry information (see Chapter 8) and incident-based crime data. Further information on the FY 1999 program and selected topics/issues will be announced in the State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers: Program Application Guidelines, Fiscal Year 1999, expected for release in early 1999. To obtain a copy, access the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ or call the BJS Clearinghouse toll-free at 1-800/732-3277. National Juvenile Justice Program Directory Grantee: Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: To conduct its statistical functions, OJJDP must maintain a current and accurate list of all entities surveyed in its various censuses or surveys. This requires obtaining accurate lists of all juvenile residential facilities and juvenile probation offices, including contact information for the various facilities or agencies and other appropriate information needed for sampling. The Bureau of the Census will continue to develop these listings for OJJDP. OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract Grantee: Caliber Associates FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This contract provides OJJDP with an expert resource to perform independent program evaluations and assist in implementing evaluation activities. Evaluations are conducted on OJJDP-funded programs and on other programs designed to prevent and treat juvenile delinquency. For More Information BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program authorizes states to fund youth crime programs under several purpose areas, including prosecution, law enforcement, prevention, and specialized defender initiatives. For example, Byrne funds can be used to develop bindover systems to prosecute violent juvenile offenders, and for enforcement and prevention programs targeting at- risk youth and gang activity, including gang task forces and specialized gang prosecutors. In addition, BJA's Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program provides funds to local jurisdictions for security in and around schools, school resource officers, and juvenile crime prevention programs. These programs, as well as OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants (JAIBG) program, are described in Chapter 1. Also see the other chapters of the Program Plan for juvenile-related programs in specific areas. For example, Chapter 2 describes comprehensive, community-based delinquency prevention and juvenile justice programs, Chapter 6 describes juvenile correctional initiatives, and Chapter 12 describes adjudication projects for juveniles. Additional OJJDP training and technical assistance is described in Chapter 13. In addition, see OJJDP's Website for information about its programs and publications and links to OJJDP grantees. The Web address is www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. A number of other federal agencies also have responsibility for preventing juvenile delinquency and improving justice for juveniles. These federal agencies are: the Corporation for National Service, Office of National Drug Control Policy, and the Departments of Agriculture, Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Treasury, and Transportation. These federal agencies are all members of the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. For a link to these federal Websites, see OJJDP's Website at www.ncjrs.org/ojjdp/html/collab.html#Coordinating Chapter 6 Managing Offenders Overview The number of people under correctional supervision in the United States has more than tripled since 1980. By year-end 1997, the total federal, state, and local adult correctional population-- either incarcerated or in the community--reached a new high of nearly 5.7 million. The number of persons held in federal or state prisons was 1,176,807, and more than 3.9 million adult men and women were on probation or parole at year-end 1997. In addition, 567,079 persons were in local jails. The largest growth in state inmates was among violent offenders. Between 1990 and 1996, the number of violent offenders grew by 50 percent. Nearly one half of state prisoners were convicted of violent crimes, and about three-quarters have substance abuse drugs and/or alcohol--problems. Approximately 260,000 convicted sex offenders are under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies, with more than one half under some form of community supervision. Although men are 16 times more likely than women to be incarcerated, since 1990 the annual growth rate of the female inmate offender population has surpassed that of men. The dramatic growth and change in adult correctional populations are only partially explained by trends in crime and changing patterns of offending. Correctional populations have also been affected by changes in criminal justice policies at the federal and state levels, including mandatory penalties regarding drug offenses, new laws increasing the severity and certainty of punishment, mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing enhancements for certain offenses and offenders, and sentencing guidelines that limit the discretion of judges and parole boards. OJP programs, such as the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program and the Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Formula Grant Program, also have had a significant impact on state policies and programs related to violent and drug offenders. In addition to these factors, increases in highly publicized cases of youth violence have led many states to make changes in the way they manage young offenders by transferring more juveniles to the criminal justice system. At the end of the 1997 legislative session, all but five states provided for discretionary waiver of certain juveniles to criminal court. In some states, these youth are tried as adults, but placed in juvenile facilities until old enough for transfer to an adult facility. In other states, young offenders can be sentenced directly to adult facilities. Under the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program, which was created in 1998, Congress requires states to consider prosecuting juveniles age 15 and older who commit a serious violent crime in criminal court, imposing sanctions for every delinquent act, and establishing records for habitual juvenile offenders. All of these changes are having a dramatic impact on the management of offenders in this country. At the same time, research is showing that the criminal justice system can effectively treat offenders and prevent recidivism through specific, tested approaches, including: • incarceration of chronic, repeat offenders who commit the most crimes; • rehabilitation programs for adult and juvenile offenders using treatments appropriate to their risk factors; • drug treatment, specifically therapeutic community programs in prison; • drug treatment in jails followed by intensive supervision in the community, including testing, interventions, and sanctions; • intensive supervision and aftercare for minor, as well as serious, juvenile offenders; and • fines for criminal acts in combination with other penalties. Although correctional boot camps using traditional military basic training have been found to be, for the most part, ineffective, boot camp programs that have evolved to provide more comprehensive services, such as education and drug treatment with aftercare, show promise. For this reason, and because of the number and popularity of these programs in jurisdictions across the country, OJP is continuing to evaluate boot camp programs and to encourage a more comprehensive approach. OJP is also working to fill gaps in existing knowledge and services related to the management of offenders. One such gap is the limited research on effective substance abuse treatment for adolescents. In response, NIJ has given priority to evaluations of treatment programs for juveniles to expand our knowledge about effective programming for this population. Another difficult issue facing correctional agencies is effectively managing and treating convicted sex offenders. In FY 1998, OJP established the Center for Sex Offender Management to provide training and technical assistance to help courts, corrections agencies, and treatment providers develop programs to more effectively manage sex offenders and to increase public safety through careful supervision and control combined with effective treatment interventions. At the same time, BJA continues to help states comply with several congressional mandates related to sex offenders, including the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act, as amended by Megan's Law, which requires states to provide for registration of sex offenders and the release of information on sex offenders that is necessary to protect the public. By law, states that fail to meet these requirements may receive a reduced award under BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program. In addition, BJS, under its National Criminal History Improvement Program, provides funds to states to help them develop sex offender registries and to interface these systems with the FBI's Sex Offender Registry File. Another area needing increased focus is the diagnosis and treatment of mentally ill offenders, many of whom also have substance abuse problems. OJP has established a Mental Health and Crime Working Group to explore the issue and to make recommendations on how to provide useful services for these offenders. OJP has also brought together a focus group to explore issues related to probation and parole services. More than two-thirds of offenders under correctional supervision are on probation or parole, yet only a small portion of correctional funding goes to support probation and parole services. As a result, caseloads are high and these community-based correctional services are often viewed as ineffective. OJP will continue to address ways to improve effectiveness of these services. In addition, while the number of women offenders, including the number of juvenile delinquent girls, has mushroomed, the criminal justice system has not kept pace in providing services specifically designed to meet the unique needs of women offenders needs that are often quite different from men's. OJP is planning to hold a symposium in Washington, D.C. on July 12-14, 1999 to discuss this problem and how federal and other resources can best address this issue. These efforts are in addition to the programs described below. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in Fiscal Year 1999. Linking Balanced and Restorative Justice and Adolescents (LIBRA) Grantee: Vermont Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: The goal of this program is to continue development of a comprehensive, integrated, balanced and restorative system of justice for youthful offenders that holds them accountable to victims, protects the community, builds offender skills and competencies, and offers opportunities for positive connections to community members. To hold youth accountable, the project will establish a network of accountability boards. The project will also pilot Community Justice Centers, which will demonstrate that the community is the core of the justice process and recognizes youth as a vital part of the community. Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and Technical Assistance Program Grantee: Johns Hopkins University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This initiative supports implementation, training and technical assistance, and an independent evaluation of an intensive community-based aftercare model in three competitively selected demonstration sites. The overall goal of the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model is to identify and assist high-risk juvenile offenders to make a gradual transition from secure confinement back into the community. The IAP model has three distinct, yet overlapping segments: (1) prerelease and preparatory planning activities during incarceration; (2) structured transitioning involving the participation of institutional and aftercare staffs both prior to and following community re-entry; and (3) long-term reintegrative activities to ensure adequate service delivery and the required level of social control. The grantee provides continuing training and technical assistance to administrators, managers, and line staff at the intensive community-based aftercare demonstration sites. Project Return (earmark) Grantee: Tulane University Medical Center FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: Project Return is a correctional options program designed to maximize the employability of juvenile and youthful offenders. FY 1999 funds will continue program activities and support an evaluation of the program. The CETARY Project Grantee: Johnson & Wales University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project will provide 20 second-time juvenile offenders an opportunity to enroll in an intense, structured culinary arts training program. The project will develop and maintain linkage and employment opportunities for the youth, and place a minimum of 18 youth into an accredited continuing education program and/or in the workplace with full-time employment. The project also supports a counseling specialist who helps the youth establish job readiness and coordinates placement between career development and employment. General educational development (GED) classes are also offered. Continuous progress evaluations and needs assessments are implemented and enforced for each youth. Gender-Specific Programming for Female Juvenile Offenders Grantee: Cook County Bureau of Public Safety and Judicial Coordination and Connecticut Office of Alternative Sanctions FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP and BJA Project Description: Using a FY 1995 competitive OJJDP grant, Cook County has built a network of support for juvenile female offenders. The county has developed gender-specific needs, strengths, and risk assessments for juvenile female offenders; provided training in implementing gender-appropriate programming; and designed a pilot program with a community-based continuum of care and a unique case management system. In FY 1998, BJA and OJJDP provided continuation funding to the Cook County gender-specific program and also funded the county to provide technical assistance and support to help the State of Connecticut develop specialized programs for girls. This program will continue in FY 1999. Additional technical assistance is provided by Greene, Peters, and Associates, OJJDP's gender-specific training and technical assistance grantee. Development of Performance-Based Standards for Juvenile Correctional and Detention Facilities Grantee: Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project has developed and is testing performance-based standards and a self-assessment tool for juvenile facilities to help monitor progress in six areas of operation: health/mental health, safety, order, security, programming, and [justice?]. Haymarket Center (earmark) Grantee: McDermott Center/Haymarket Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined. OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This correctional options program supports the Haymarket Center's alternatives to incarceration program. The program provides detoxification and substance abuse treatment for nonviolent offenders, including DUI offenders, and requires community service as part of the rehabilitation regimen. BJA will provide support for an evaluation of the program in FY 1999. Education of Legislators and Others on the Benefits of Community Corrections Grantee: Center for Community Corrections FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Through this project, the Center for Community Corrections will work to increase the use of community corrections as an alternative sanction for nonviolent offenders. The goal of the initiative is to educate legislators, executive branch personnel, and criminal justice personnel about the philosophy and purpose of community corrections, opportunities for its application, and the benefits of using it as an alternative sanction. Management Information and Reporting System Grantee: Alaska Department of Corrections FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Alaska Department of Corrections will continue to install an enhanced system to manage offenders under the department's supervision. The new system will provide accurate and timely reports on disposition of offenders and projections for future planning. The system is scheduled to be fully tested and operational by December 31, 2000. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list. Sex Offender Management Demonstration Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $3 million OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) Eligibility: State and local correctional agencies Project Description: Jurisdictions selected to participate in this project will demonstrate the effectiveness of managing sex offenders in the community through a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach. Resources will be used to implement new sex offender management programs or to augment existing sex offender management strategies in probation or other community supervision agencies. Each site will be required to establish an evaluation component to measure the effectiveness of this integrated approach. Each of the approximately 15 sites will be granted between $200,000 and $300,000 to implement their proposals. Training and technical assistance to participating jurisdictions will be provided through the Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM), a training and technical assistance project sponsored by OJP. Facing Parenting Grantee: Osborne Associates FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In this project, the corrections parenting program of Osborne Associates will serve as a demonstration site for corrections agencies interested in developing and implementing parenting programs. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support (CLEFS) Demonstration Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Approximately $500,000 OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Eligibility: State and local law enforcement and corrections agencies and organizations representing law enforcement and/or corrections officers Project Description: NIJ intends to convene a grantsmanship workshop, inviting corrections professionals who have partnered with researchers, to encourage the submission of proposals to the FY 1999 CLEFS Solicitation. The solicitation will be designed to "fill the gaps" in NIJ's current portfolio, and will emphasize the corrections area. At least $500,000 is expected to be available for demonstration programs in the correctional officer stress area, to support from five to seven programs for officers and their families. Southern Florida Medical Corrections Options (earmark) Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider requesting a proposal for this program. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Also see Chapter 13 for information about the Corrections Program Office's (CPO) extensive technical assistance and training, as well as the technical assistance provided through the Center for Sex Offender Management. GAINS Center Grantee: Interagency Agreement between BJA and the National Institute of Corrections FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: BJA will transfer $100,000 to the National Institute of Corrections to support the GAINS Center, a prominent national technology transfer organization for mental health and dual diagnosis for criminal justice populations. This project will promote systemic change and provide practical information to states and local communities interested in developing or enhancing service responses for people with co-occurring disorders in the justice system. Children as Adults in Court Grantee: National Judicial College FY99 Funding: $361,392 OJP Sponsors: BJA, OJJDP, and CPO (with the State Justice Institute) Project Description: The National Judicial College (NJC) is developing and piloting a training curriculum to enhance the skills and knowledge of judges to assist them in making more informed decisions on the increasing numbers of juveniles appearing in criminal court. The project will also produce a benchbook and topical bulletins on juveniles as adults in court. Training and Technical Assistance Program to Promote Gender-Specific Programming for Female Juvenile Offenders and At-Risk Girls Grantee: Greene, Peters, & Associates FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Project goals are to identify program models or best practices that address the gender-specific needs of adolescent females and provide training and technical assistance in implementing effective approaches. Project To Expand and Improve Juvenile Restitution Programs Grantee: Florida Atlantic University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The project's goals are to demonstrate the use of the balanced approach mission and restorative justice philosophy as a framework for reform in juvenile justice. Correctional Options Technical Assistance Program Grantee: George Washington University Institute on Crime, Justice, and Corrections FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In this effort, technical assistance is provided to sites participating in BJA's Correctional Options Demonstration Program, the only national effort to implement and evaluate innovative correctional options programs. Understanding and Implementing Effective Offender Supervision Practices and Programming in Community Corrections Grantee: American Probation and Parole Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) is conducting a series of training teleconferences for rural jurisdictions on effective supervision practices, including topics such as restorative justice, staff safety, and intermediate sanctions. Development of Performance-Based Standards for Community Corrections Grantee: American Correctional Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The American Correctional Association is working with BJA, CPO, and the National Institute of Corrections to develop performance-based standards for community corrections. This effort will serve as a pilot for initiating and adopting performance-based standards in other correctional components. Training and Technical Assistance for National Innovations to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Confinement (The Deborah Ann Wysinger Memorial Program) Grantee: Cygnus Corporation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This 3-year project is designed to help state and local jurisdictions reduce the over-representation of minority children and youth in secure detention or correctional facilities, jails, and lockups by providing them with information, training, and technical assistance that will enable them to successfully address the factors that contribute to the problem. Training and Technical Assistance for Juvenile Detention and Corrections (The James E. Gould Memorial Program) Grantee: American Correctional Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The project provides specialized training and technical assistance to juvenile corrections, detention, and community residential service providers. The grantee also plans an annual Juvenile Corrections Detention Forum to allow juvenile corrections and detention practitioners to meet to discuss issues in the field of juvenile corrections and detention, writes and solicits articles for professional publications, conducts surveys, and disseminates information to the field. Training for Juvenile Detention and Corrections Personnel Grantee: National Institute of Corrections FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project designs, develops, and delivers training programs and related services that address the needs of juvenile detention and corrections professionals working with youth under correctional supervision. Accountability-Based Training for Staff in Juvenile Confinement Facilities Grantee: National Juvenile Detention Association FY 99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The project will conduct research on the training needs of line staff and develop a standardized curriculum for juvenile detention and corrections staff. Training and Technical Assistance to Reduce Juvenile Corrections and Detention Overcrowding Grantee: National Juvenile Detention Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The project's goal is to reduce overcrowding in selected state and local juvenile detention and corrections facilities by providing training and technical assistance. In partnership with the San Francisco Youth Law Center, the project provides training and technical assistance materials for use by state and local jurisdictional teams. Three sites Camden, New Jersey, Oklahoma City, and Rhode Island--were selected to develop, implement, and test procedures to reduce crowding. The grantee will identify additional sites for comprehensive training and TA. Prison Industries Enhancement (PIE) Program Grantee: Corrections Industries Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Corrections Industries Association (CIA) provides technical assistance to state prison industries programs and to BJA's Prison Industries Enhancement Certification Program. Under the PIE program, BJA certifies state prison industry programs as meeting all the requirements necessary to be exempt from federal restrictions on product marketability. This project works with the public and private sector to enhance states' prison industries programs and to provide the latest information and strategies on prison industries. Victim Empowerment Through Mediation and Dialogue Grantee: University of Minnesota Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: One component of this multi-faceted program will provide intensive onsite technical assistance to corrections systems in Texas and Ohio to help them implement effective victim-offender mediation programs. In addition, the program will assess victim satisfaction with the mediation programs implemented and provide technical assistance to other states interested in implementing victim-offender mediation and dialogue programs in their correctional facilities. More detailed information on this program can be found in Chapter 2, Empowering Communities to Address Crime. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. BJS Corrections Statistics Programs Grantees: Data collection agencies, primarily the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: Through its Corrections Statistics Program, BJS collects information from over 1,500 federal and state adult correctional facilities, 3,300 local jails, and 5,800 probation and parole agencies and offices. These collections describe the more than 10,000 correctional agencies and facilities nationwide and the offenders under their supervision. By extracting comparable data over time, these programs also provide measures of how these correctional populations and agencies have changed. The following are ongoing corrections-related BJS statistical series and programs. • The Surveys of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities provide detailed data on individual characteristics of prison inmates, current offenses and sentences, characteristics of victims, criminal histories, family background, gun possession and use, prior drug and alcohol use and treatment, and educational programs and other services provided while in prison. • The Survey of Inmates in Local Jails collects data on the local jail population, including the personal and family characteristics of jail inmates, current offenses, sentences and time served, criminal histories, jail activities, conditions and programs, prior drug and alcohol use and treatment, and health care services provided while in jail. • The Survey of Adults on Probation provides detailed information on the background and characteristics of a national sample of probationers representative of the almost 4 million adults under supervision in the community. Specific areas of inquiry included criminal history, prior drug and alcohol use, participation in drug and alcohol treatment programs, use of firearms, victim characteristics, the conditions of supervision, and the extent of contact with probation authorities. • The National Prisoner Statistics program produces year-end and mid-year national and state-level data on the numbers of prisoners in state or federal prison facilities. It also provides data on the number of admissions and releases during the year, the race and Hispanic origin of inmates, the number of inmate deaths by cause, and the number known to be HIV positive. • The Capital Punishment Series yields annual national and state-level data on persons sentenced to death and those executed. Data collected include offender demographic characteristics, prior criminal history, criminal justice system status at the time of the capital offense, and time spent on death row. Data are available on executions since 1930 and on sentencing since 1974. The data series also includes annual information from each jurisdiction on statutory changes relating to the death penalty, including changes involving additional aggravating or mitigating circumstances, procedural amendments, and revisions to capital offenses. • The Annual Survey of Jails provides estimates of the number of inmates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, conviction status, and juvenile/adult status. It also collects information on the rated capacity of facilities in each jurisdiction, and separate counts of offenders under community supervision by jail staff, including those under electronic monitoring and home detention, in alternative work programs, day-reporting programs, community service or weekender programs, or other alternative programs. • The Survey of Jails in Indian Country obtains baseline characteristics of Indian Country detention facilities and the inmates housed in them. The 1998 survey included questions on the number of inmates, staffing, and facility characteristics and needs. Detailed information was collected on the age of the facility, the rated capacity, renovation plans, crowding, and special facility and program needs. • The National Corrections Reporting program annually collects individual-level data on prison admissions and releases and on parole entries and discharges in participating jurisdictions. Demographic information, conviction offense, sentence length, minimum time to be served, credited jail time, type of admission, type of release, and time served are collected from individual prisoner records. • The Census of Jails obtains information on each facility, admissions and releases, court orders, programs that offer alternatives to incarceration, amount charged to hold an inmate for another jurisdiction, crowding and use of space, staffing, health care (including prevalence of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis), and drug testing policies and practices. For the first time, the FY 1999 census will employ Web-based data collection procedures. • The Annual Probation and Parole Data Survey collects data on persons under federal, state, and local probation or parole supervision. Key data elements include the number on probation and parole at year-end, number of entries and exits (by type), offender demographic characteristics, offense seriousness, type of supervision, and special programs. • The Census of State and Local Probation and Parole Agencies is a complete census of federal, state, and locally operated probation and parole agencies. The census gathers data on staffing, expenditures, program operation and participation levels, and drug and HIV testing policies and programs. • The Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities provides detailed information on the types of inmates housed, facility age and type, security level, court orders, programs, health and safety conditions, confinement space, and staff characteristics. • BJS, CPO, and the FBI are collaborating on a national Recidivism Study that will develop a sample of state prison releases with oversampling of violent offenders, particularly those offenders convicted of sexual assault crimes and crimes against children. Fifteen states are participating: Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, and Virginia. Collectively these 15 states accounted for over half of all releases from prison in 1994. BJS will track released prisoners for three years, using state and federal criminal history records. An initial report giving results of the three-year recidivism study is expected around November 1999. In addition, during FY 1999, BJS also will continue to track the sentence length and projected length of stay for prison admission cohorts, as well as the elapsed time served and projected time to be served by the current state prison population. Information from BJS data collections are available by calling the BJS Clearinghouse at 1-800/732-3277 or accessing the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Juvenile Residential Facility Census Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: OJJDP will continue to fund the development and testing of a new census of juvenile residential facilities. This census would focus on facilities authorized to hold juveniles based on contact with the juvenile justice system. From interviews with facility administrators and staff at 20 locations, project staff have produced a detailed report discussing how best to capture information on education, mental health and substance abuse treatment, health services, conditions of custody, staffing, and facility capacity. Project staff have also drafted and tested a questionnaire based on the interview results. The questionnaire will be finalized in 1999 and surveying will begin in October 2000. Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) collects detailed information on juveniles in juvenile residential placement facilities as the result of contact with the juvenile justice system. In 1998, CJRP was developed to replace the biennial Census of Public and Private Juvenile Detention, Correctional, and Shelter Facilities, known as the Children in Custody Census, and provide more accurate, timely, and useful data on juveniles in custody while placing less of a reporting burden on facility administrators. Survey of Juvenile Probation Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project is developing a survey of juvenile probation offices to determine the number of juveniles under some form of community supervision. Structured Decision Making for Alameda County Probation Grantee: National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: This project is evaluating the effectiveness of the Juvenile Risk Assessment Classification System adapted by Alameda County Probation. The ultimate objective of the evaluation is to develop a management information system that will support an interactive database and data reporting mechanisms to help implement the classification system. A related goal is to prepare reports based on the study's findings to help guide management decisions. Case Classification for Juvenile Corrections: An Evaluation of the Youthful Level of Service Inventory Grantee: University of Cincinnati FY99 Funding: $187,437 OJP Sponsors: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: This research is assessing a case classification instrument--the Youthful Level of Service Inventory (Y-LSI)--as a guide to case management and treatment of youthful offenders in Ohio. The Y-LSI, which can be applied to three types of correctional placement, has been adopted by the Ohio Department of Youth Services, two juvenile court probation departments, and two community residential programs for juvenile delinquents in the state. The goal of the research is to answer three questions about the Y-LSI: 1) Is it a valid predictor of case outcome for juvenile delinquents under correctional supervision? 2) How do juvenile corrections agencies use it to allocate supervision and services? 3) Are changes in the areas of risk and need measured by the Y-LSI through correctional treatment associated with reoffending rates by youth? Juvenile Sex Offender Typology Grantee: University of Illinois-Springfield and Health Related Research FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: In FY 1998, OJJDP competitively funded two feasibility studies to develop a juvenile sex offender typology. One study is being conducted by the University of Illinois- Springfield, the other by Health Related Research. The goal is to develop a typology for determining a juvenile sex offender's dangerousness, the most appropriate level of placement restrictiveness, the potential for rehabilitation, assessment requirements, and intervention needs. These initial studies will determine specific methodologies best suited to generate an empirically validated typology of the juvenile sex offender. Based on the results of these initial studies, OJJDP will determine how best to support the development of the juvenile sex offender typology. Youth Gangs in Juvenile Detention and Corrections Facilities Grantee: National Juvenile Detention Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The National Juvenile Detention Association (NJDA), in partnership with the Alliance for Juvenile Justice, is implementing a multi-phase, cost-effective strategy to improve the juvenile justice system's management and rehabilitation of gang-involved youth through a national assessment of the nature and extent of youth gang problems in juvenile confinement facilities. Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration Project Grantee: National Council on Crime and Delinquency FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project is conducting a process and outcome evaluation at four demonstration sites to assess program integrity and the extent to which the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model for juveniles is being implemented at those sites (see page 88). The four sites selected by OJJDP to implement the IAP model include Metropolitan Denver, Colorado; Las Vegas, Nevada; Camden and Newark, New Jersey; and Norfolk, Virginia. For More Information Most OJP funds for corrections-related programs are available through formula grants that are awarded to and administered by the states. The largest of these programs is the Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive (VOI/TIS) Formula Grant Program, which is administered by the Corrections Program Office (CPO). VOI/TIS encourages states to increase space for the incapacitation of violent offenders and to ensure that violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of the sentence imposed by the courts. Funds may be used for construction of correctional facilities and for privatization. The VOI/TIS program contains an important and far reaching provision that requires states to have implemented a program of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment for state prison inmates and offenders under state supervision following release in order to continue to receive VOI/TIS funds in FY 1999 and beyond. In FY 1999 states may use up to 10 percent of their VOI/TIS funds to implement this requirement. VOI/TIS is also described in Chapters 1 and 3. The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program (RSAT), also administered by CPO, is described in Chapter 3. It provides states with much-needed funding for long-term residential drug treatment for offenders, which research has shown to be effective in reducing recidivism among drug-involved offenders. For information about CPO programs, see its Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/ or call its Technical Assistance Line at 1-800/848-6325. Also see Chapter 13 for additional information on corrections-related training and technical assistance. Drug courts also show promise in managing substance abusing offenders within the community by holding them accountable for their actions and habilitating them through treatment. Drug court programs also are discussed in Chapter 3, Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse and Crime. Also see Chapter 5 for a description of OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG) program. JAIBG is designed to address the growing problem of juvenile crime by encouraging accountability-based reforms at the state and local levels. Funds may be used for 12 purposes, including construction of juvenile detention or correctional facilities, accountability- based sanctions programs, probation programs, and controlled substance testing for juveniles in the juvenile justice system. In addition, BJA's Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Formula Grant program funds can be used to support or develop programs that provide supervision, management, and alternatives to detention of adult and juvenile offenders, including intensive supervision probation and parole, offender treatment, alternatives to incarceration, restitution programs, and drug courts. Information about the Byrne Formula Grant Program is contained in Chapter 1. Also see Chapter 8 for more information on the BJS National Sex Offender Registry Program, a component of the National Criminal History Improvement Program, which assists states in developing complete and accurate in-state registries that meet legislative requirements and in interfacing state data with the FBI's National Sex Offender Registry. The National Institute of Corrections (NIC), a component of the Justice Department's Bureau of Prisons, also provides assistance to federal, state, and local corrections agencies working with adult offenders. The NIC Information Center, located in Longmont, Colorado, is a national clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of information on all aspects of adult corrections. Most of the Information Center's collection of more than 14,000 titles are oriented to the corrections practitioner, and many of the titles are unpublished materials developed by state and local corrections agencies. The Information Center can be reached by telephone at 1-800/877-1461 or by e-mail at asknicic@nicic.org. The center's Website is located at www.nicic.org. Chapter 7 Protecting & Supporting Victims of Crime Overview The rate at which citizens of the United States are victimized continues a marked decline. Statistics from the most recent National Crime Victimization Survey show that violent and property crime rates for 1997 were the lowest recorded since the survey began in 1973. But though the rate of crime has dropped, the sheer number of criminal victimizations in this country remains unacceptably high. The survey shows that U.S. residents 12 and older experienced 35 million victimizations, including 8.6 million rapes, robberies, or assaults. There were 18,209 murders, or one every 29 minutes. While that number is down 7 percent from 1996, there can be no minimizing the devastating impact on the hundreds of thousands of family members, friends, and loved ones left to pick up the pieces. Finally, the survey indicates that crime especially impacts young people. Persons ages12 to 19 were twice as likely as those ages 25 to 34 and about three times as likely as those ages 35 to 49 to be victims of violent crime. These data prove that crime continues to touch a vast segment of our society and has a disproportionate incidence in our most vulnerable population, our youth. Surveys of crime victims show that among their most pressing needs are protection and information. Recent years have seen the proliferation of victims' rights legislation across the country. Today, every state has laws on the books to protect the rights of victims. Though most state laws contain basic provisions for victims to be treated with dignity and compassion, to be informed of the status of their cases, to be notified of hearings and trial dates, to be heard at sentencing and parole through victim impact statements, and to receive restitution from convicted offenders, it is clear that the rights of victims vary significantly among states and the federal government. Moreover, those laws are not enough to ensure safety, nor are they guarantors of fair and sensitive treatment by the criminal justice system. Many victims report that, even in states with strong legal protection, they are still being denied their rights. And while 32 states have elevated victims' rights to the constitutional level, many lack a mechanism to enforce compliance with their provisions. An echoing concern of victim advocates is that victims' rights are not enforced because they have not been integrated into training programs and incorporated into the daily functioning of justice systems. The laws passed will remain hollow promises unless local governments, communities, and the criminal justice system coordinate their efforts to found them in fundamental processes and basic resources. Another criticism is that the justice system does not take into account the specialized needs of underserved victims, such as the disabled, children, the elderly, and non- English speaking populations. Crime touches all areas of our society, so criminal justice and allied professionals must be prepared to accommodate diversity. In 1998 OVC published New Directions from the Field: Victims' Rights and Services for the 21st Century. Written by and for the field with support from OVC, this report is the culmination of three years of analysis of the status and future of victim services. While New Directions identifies the enactment and enforcement of consistent, fundamental rights as among the most important challenges for victim services, it places primary responsibility for effective victim assistance in the hands of community members who come into daily contact with victims. This includes not only victim advocates and criminal justice professionals, but also those who work in the fields of health, mental health, education, law, business, and the media. OJP's victims assistance funding priorities will be largely guided by the recommendations put forth by the field in New Directions, as well as the complementary domestic violence and other initiatives supported by the Violence Against Women Office. OJP will support and expand community-based initiatives and will ground its design of new programs in the needs of the neighborhoods to which victims belong. Training will emphasize capacity building. Demonstration projects will defer to local decision-making. Research and evaluation will target successes in and obstacles to neighborhood problem-solving. OJP will endeavor to make resources available that empower communities to integrate information about victims' rights and services into every phase of the criminal justice system, stimulate awareness and understanding of crime victims' issues, and increase the skills of professionals who interact with victims. This chapter highlights the research, demonstration, and training and technical assistance programs that focus on crime victims' issues, as well as collaboration that leads to systemic change and comprehensive services. Programs that focus specifically on victims of family violence are described in Chapter 4. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. Parent Support Network Grantee: Public Administration Service FY99 Funding: $125,000 OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: In May 1998, OJJDP awarded a grant to Public Administration Service to develop and maintain a network of trained parent volunteers to be matched with, and provide support and assistance to, parents who are victims. A case management system is being developed to document referrals and assistance activity. Parent volunteers will be recruited, screened, and trained to provide assistance, support, and guidance to other victim parents. Trauma Reduction Initiative (earmark) Grantee: Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: Through this project, hospital chaplain trainees, recruited from participating neighborhood parishes, will receive special training and provide crisis intervention and support services to victims of violence and their families. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list. Safe, Permanent Housing for Victims and Witnesses Grantee: National Center for Victims of Crime FY99 Funding: $403,899 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This partnership between the National Victim Center, the Enterprise Foundation, and prosecutors offices in Brooklyn, New York and Portland, Oregon will apply different but complementary perspectives to the problem of intimidated witnesses. The Victim Center will provide counseling to these victims and witnesses. The community development corporations supported through the Foundation and local public housing authorities will work to locate affordable housing, and prosecutors will provide referrals, temporary rent, and other subsidies, and will work with the local police to enhance security for these clients. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. The Deputy Attorney General's Children Exposed to Violence Initiative Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: In support of the Children Exposed to Violence Initiative, managed by the Deputy Attorney General of the Department of Justice, this activity will support an initiative to improve the response of the criminal justice system to children who are victims or witnesses of violence. The initiative will focus on law enforcement and legislative reform, highlight innovative programs, and seek to heighten public awareness. This initiative will be closely coordinated with other OJP efforts, such as OJJDP's new Safe Start program, Children's Advocacy Centers, and the Safe Kids/Safe Streets program. Crisis Response Initiative Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $200,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: OVC will support a multi-year crisis response initiative that works with OSLDPS and other federal agencies, through a variety of activities, to build state capacity to respond to the needs of victims of terrorism and other mass casualty crimes. The project will include a series of focus groups to discuss obstacles and solutions to creating crisis response capabilities, regional training on developing coordinated crisis response programs, and ongoing technical assistance. State Victim Assistance Academy Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $140,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: The goal of this multi-year grant solicitation is to support four state efforts at $35,000 each to provide academic-based, foundation-level education for victim assistance providers, victim advocates, criminal justice personnel, and allied professionals. Eligible applicants will be asked to demonstrate a partnership between a private, nonprofit agency involved with helping and/or advocating for victims, and a college or university that is invested in advancing the skills level of those who will be or are involved in this field. Year one funding is a planning grant, year two supports curriculum design, course presentation, and evaluation, and year three supports presentation of a second academy. States are required to match 25 percent of each year's federal grant. In addition to funding, OVC will ensure that technical assistance is made available to states to assist in this multi-year effort. New Directions for the Judiciary and the Courts Grantee: T o Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project will support the development of practical, informational materials on victims' issues for judges and court administrators in state and local courts. The project also will disseminate these products and provide technical assistance through established networks of state courts. Victim-Oriented Practices in the Healthcare Community Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Victims of interpersonal violence suffer psychological trauma and, all too frequently, long-term health consequences as a result of their victimization. The provision of sensitive, effective care in a broad array of clinical settings is a critically important response to victims in the aftermath of crime. Yet many victims, especially those with disabilities or from low- income or minority populations, do not receive needed services to help them begin and continue the process of physical and psychological healing. The goal of this project is to promote the development and replication of practices that promote inclusive, effective responses to crime victims in the health care setting. In support of this goal, OVC will fund a project to develop resource materials for health care professionals consisting of: (1) a report that outlines the deterrents to identifying and caring for underserved crime victims in the health care arena and innovative practices and strategies that healthcare organizations and professionals have developed to respond to these underserved victims; and (2) a companion videotape that illustrates some of the exemplary efforts in the health care community to serve these victims. A dissemination plan should extend beyond information sharing and target organizations and institutions that act as change agents within the health care community. The project should also include an evaluation component that measures the effectiveness of these materials in heightening the understanding and awareness of crime victims' needs and issues among health care professionals. Action Partnerships with Professional and Membership Organizations Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $300,000 (up to $75,000 per grant, with $150,000 designated for mental health related projects and $150,000 for health care-related projects) OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: In the past three fiscal years, OVC has funded a series of collaborative, innovative projects with national professional and membership organizations to develop or improve the capacity of their members to respond effectively and empathically to the needs of crime victims through activities that provide information and training to their members on crime victims' rights and needs. During FY 1999, OVC will target professional and membership organizations representing health care, health care administration, managed care, public health, and mental health professionals who direct or provide life-line services to crime victims. This may include tracks of training at national conferences, videotapes, newsletters, training curricula for professional or continuing education, and policy and protocol manuals. Grantees must demonstrate a strong commitment to serving crime victims and convincingly document a substantial capacity to develop products with professional credibility that can be readily integrated into the professional or continuing education requirements of the targeted mental health and health care professionals. OVC Victims' Rights Series Grantee: National Victim Center FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: The National Victim Center will develop a series of OVC bulletins on various victims' rights issues, including notification, allocation, protection, and restitution. The bulletins will describe the issues as they have been defined in state and federal legislation, examine what states are doing to ensure compliance with victims' rights, and describe the promising practices being employed to address them. The bulletins will also include an analysis of case law on each of the rights discussed. Providing Culturally Sensitive and Appropriate Information to Victims of Sexual Assault from Diverse Communities Grantee: Victim Rights Advocacy FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) Project Description: Victim Rights Advocacy will translate materials for sexual assault survivors and provide them to grantees, expanding resources for victims from diverse communities. For example, information booklets may be reprinted in Braille and large print. Victim Rights Advocacy will collaborate with sexual assault coalitions in project development and distribution of materials and products. National Crime Victims' Rights Week Kit Grantee: Competitive Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Each April since 1982, National Crime Victims' Rights Week (NCVRW) has been formally commemorated at the federal level. The federal observance coincides with rallies, vigils, and public education campaigns staged in communities around the nation and provides an opportunity to articulate a consistent and unified message about the plight of our nation's crime victims and to draw attention to the work of victim advocates and activists across the country. This project will produce a user-friendly kit containing ready-made, adaptable resources, such as posters, model speeches, press releases, public service announcements, and other outreach materials, for victim service providers, advocates, elected leaders, and the general public to enhance the NCVRW observance in the year 2000. National Council of State Governments Regional Conference Grantee: Council of State Governments FY99 Funding: $40,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: This project will support a victims' rights conference for policy makers, victims, victim advocates, and legislators in the 10 states that make up the Eastern Regional Conference. The conference will identify emerging issues, promising practices, and statutory and policy issues affecting the criminal justice system and discuss the availability and delivery of victims' rights and services. Homicide Support Project Grantee: Virginia Mason Medical Center FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: The Virginia Mason Medical Center was awarded funding in FY 1998 to train multidisciplinary personnel from three cities--San Diego, California; New Haven, Connecticut; and New York, New York--in providing community-based assistance to the families of homicide victims. During the first year of the grant, project staff developed a training manual on using Trauma and Separation Therapy (TST), an intervention model that deals with issues that arise from loss of relationship, as well as those that come about due to the unnatural manner of dying. This award will expand training to three additional sites. Project staff will also author a bulletin describing the TST approach. Traumatic Grief: The Synergism Between Trauma and Grief Grantee: Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: The Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia received OVC funds in FY 1997 to develop a training model based on a new construct of "traumatic grief." The project included the development of an assessment tool to measure the experience of traumatic grief and a 3-day multidisciplinary training curriculum for victim advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and allied professionals. The curriculum has been pilot-tested and is being used in six 3-day regional workshops. In FY 1999, the grantee will develop a train-the-trainer curriculum and conduct regional seminars. Victims of Mentally Ill Offenders Grantee: Ehrenkranz School of Social Work, New York University FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Victims attacked by mentally ill offenders, or those whose offenders are found not guilty by reason of insanity, may not receive the services that are due crime victims in general. Recent research indicates that many victims of violence perpetrated by the mentally ill are family members or intimates of the mentally ill offender. Many of these victims are especially vulnerable, including elderly parents or children of mentally ill offenders, but they may not come to the attention of the mental health, protection and advocacy, victim assistance, and criminal justice systems. In FY 1998, project staff conducted a national-scope search for promising practices, analyzed the collected material, developed an assessment report, and held focus groups composed of victims, law enforcement personnel, mental health professionals, and victim service providers to identify barriers, recommend needed changes, create an action plan, and develop guidelines for assisting these underserved victims. The grantee has synthesized the information to produce a report on major issues, barriers to service, promising practices, and recommended guidelines. A second phase will yield a training video and other materials on model practices and processes for victim assistance, law enforcement, and mental health providers who work with victims of mentally ill offenders. Victim Service Response to Victims of Gang Violence Grantee: Victim Services Inc. FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Many communities--large and small, urban and rural--are struggling to meet the needs of victims of gang violence. In 1996, OVC awarded a grant to Victim Services Inc. in New York to survey promising practices in responding to victims of gang violence and develop technical assistance materials to help victim service providers better serve these victims. In 1998, OVC expanded that effort by joining with Victim Services to establish a regional network of host sites that are successfully mobilizing resources to address the needs of victims of gang violence. Products under development include a nationwide survey to assess the level and nature of services to gang victims, a model program outline, a training curriculum to facilitate dissemination of the model, discipline-specific modifications to the curriculum, a trainer package, a National Gang Victim Service Directory, and a Gang Victim Assistance Monograph that features profiles of a select group of programs throughout the country. During the second phase of this project, Victim Services will provide training at four locations and the train-the-trainer program in two locations. Several training sessions will be held at gang sites identified by OJJDP. Additionally, Victim Services will continue to work with host sites to identify a process for continuing the network and provide ongoing training and technical support to communities seeking to replicate successful strategies for protecting and serving victims of gang violence. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE) Development and Operation Guide Grantee: Sexual Assault Resource Service, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: To address the trauma to rape victims of long waits for doctors who are busy attending to other medical emergencies, a lack of privacy, and a lack of emotional support through the forensic examination process, some jurisdictions have developed Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) programs, in which nurses who are specially trained to address the medical and emotional needs of sexual assault victims perform the examinations in victim sensitive settings. In 1996, the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation was competitively funded to develop a SANE Development and Operation Guidebook and to provide training and technical assistance to foster the replication and ongoing administration of SANE programs throughout the country. The guidebook has been completed and is being disseminated through a series of nine regional training workshops. A SANE Website [OVC-provide Web address] has been launched to disseminate information and technical assistance. In its final phase, this project will further refine the training through additional regional workshops and continue maintenance and development of the SANE Website. Closed-Circuit Televising of Testimony of Children Who Are Victims of Abuse Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Eligibility: States and units of local government Project Description: The Closed-Circuit Televising of Testimony of Children Who Are Victims of Abuse Grant Program was established to allow eligible states and local units of government to obtain equipment and personnel training for closed-circuit televising and videotaping of the testimony of children in criminal child abuse proceedings. The goals of this program are to demonstrate the effective and practical use of television and videotaping technology in obtaining testimony from child witnesses for use in criminal proceedings; identify prototype programs; encourage the replication of effective programs using television and videotaping technologies in other jurisdictions; develop and provide training and technical assistance to facilitate the success and replication of programs; and assess the effectiveness of funded programs. This program may be extended to additional sites in FY 1999. National Victim Assistance Academy Grantee: Victims' Assistance Legal Organization (VALOR) FY99 Funding: $420,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: In 1995, OVC initiated the National Victim Assistance Academy, the first course of its kind to train a diverse group of victim practitioners and policy makers from around the country and offer academic credit via a compressed video link with a state university. For the past three years, OVC has provided funding for a 5-day national victim assistance course that linked multiple university sites for approximately 20 hours of the 45-hour course. In 1999, OVC will once again fund a consortium of national victim assistance organizations and universities, which includes VALOR, the National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center of the Medical University of South Carolina, and California State University-Fresno. The 45-hour updated course will originate from a university campus site in Washington, D.C. and will be simultaneously broadcast to four additional campuses in the Southeast, Midwest, Central, and Western United States, expanding the training and educational experience to approximately 400 victim service providers from the federal, state, tribal, and local levels. As a part of the grant, the project faculty will work with states and universities that wish to adapt the curriculum for state training programs. OVC will also fund the grantee to expand and enhance the curriculum and teaching guide, revise the train-the-trainer guidebook, and revise a training videotape to be used in conjunction with the existing Academy training curriculum. Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training Center Grantee: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children FY99 funding: $1.185 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: See Chapter 13. Missing Children's Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee: Fox Valley Technical College FY99 funding: $1.25 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: See Chapter 13. National Fire Service Survivors' Support Program Grantee: National Fallen Firefighters Foundation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation honors fallen firefighters and provides support for their families and fellow firefighters. This project provides programs and services that support the overall mission of the Foundation through year-round support, information, and referrals to service providers. In addition to working with families, the project will work with local fire service administrators to enhance their ability to respond to line-of-duty deaths with counseling and services. The project will also develop and disseminate publications for survivors. Concerns of Police Survivors, Inc. Grantee: National Outreach Programs for Care of Law Enforcement Surviving Families FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This grantee will continue to provide services, support, and assistance to families and coworkers of fallen law enforcement officers during the annual National Police Week program, which is held each May in Washington, D.C. In addition, the grantee will attend national law enforcement conferences to provide information, resources, and support for the members of the law enforcement community; sponsor six regional training sessions on the trauma of law enforcement death; and expand the program's multimedia outreach to police agencies, survivors, and coworkers through newsletters, publications, posters, and the Internet. Elder Financial Exploitation Prevention Program Grantee: Oregon Senior and Disabled Services Division FY99 Funding: $97,000 OJP Sponsors: OVC Project Description: This project is comprised of two principal phases. One phase provides training and information for bank personnel so that they can quickly spot fraud, address the issue, and alert law enforcement officers. The Oregon Bankers Association, the Senior and Disabled Services Division, the U.S. Attorney, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, American Association of Retired Persons, and law enforcement have joined together to train bank personnel in how to recognize signs of elder financial exploitation and to report suspected abuse. The second phase is designed to create services for elderly fraud victims. A reverse "boiler room" will be used to alert seniors on a "mooch" list and then train volunteers to either call or visit the people listed. In FY 1999, the grantee will expand the program to respond to the many requests from other states asking for training on the techniques Oregon has designed. A video training tape for banking personnel also will be produced. A Telemarketing Fraud Project for Latino Elderly Grantee: National Hispanic Council on Aging FY99 Funding: $97,000 OJP Sponsors: OVC Project Description: This project is designed to increase Latino elderly's awareness of telemarketing fraud through education and the coordination of prevention and intervention services. Two groups have been selected from geographical areas with large Latino populations and high numbers of immigrants with socio-economic characteristics that place them at high risk for telemarketing fraud. The grantee has trained group leaders to conduct study groups comprised of potential fraud victims; completed a survey identifying appropriate materials for the study groups; and is translating English language materials to Spanish. In FY 1999, the grantee will expand the geographical areas to include more Cuban and Puerto Rican populations and complete new study materials in Spanish. Operation Fraudstop: A Partnership to Reduce Telemarketing Fraud and Assist Victims Grantee: National Sheriffs' Association (NSA) FY99 Funding: $97,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Operation Fraudstop is coordinating its efforts with state attorneys general, the American Association of Retired Persons, Triad programs, and local law enforcement in four states. Washington and Montana have been targeted for special efforts by AARP to reduce telemarketing fraud. NSA joined that effort to increase the possibility of reaching more seniors who may be the target of telemarketers. Virginia and Maryland were selected to participate because both have strong Triad programs and their state attorneys general are committed to reducing telemarketing fraud in their states. In FY 1999, the grantee will continue the basic program and will increase the number of training sessions in all four states. NSA and the Oregon project also are coordinating their efforts to respond to requests from other states for training sessions and materials. Preventing Fraud by Immigration Assistance Practitioners Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council will develop and implement a public service campaign to educate non-U.S. citizens and those who work closely with them about preventing fraud by immigration assistance practitioners. Broadcast and print public service announcements and collateral materials will help consumers in up to 5 cities recognize potential fraud by immigration practitioners, encourage them to report such fraud, and direct them to a source for help. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: During a collection year, data are obtained in 6-month intervals from nationally representative samples of roughly 50,000 households, comprising more than 100,000 persons, on the impact, frequency, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. The survey enables BJS to estimate the likelihood of victimization by rape, robbery, assault, larceny, household larceny, household burglary, or motor vehicle theft for segments of the population, such as the elderly and city dwellers. NCVS is the only national forum for victims to describe consequences of crime and the characteristics of violent offenders. City-Level Victimization and Citizen Attitude Surveys Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: Working in partnership with the Community Oriented Policing Services Office (COPS), BJS conducted city-level victimization surveys in 12 cities providing a unique city- based dataset to examine attitudes toward community policing activities, perceptions of crime, police-public contact and characteristics of victimizations by crime. The participating 12 cities include: Chicago, Illinois; Knoxville, Tennessee; Kansas City, Missouri; Los Angeles and San Diego, California; Madison, Wisconsin; New York City; Savannah, Georgia; Spokane, Washington; Springfield, Massachusetts; Tucson, Arizona; and Washington, D.C. The data provide a better understanding of the impact of different community policing strategies. COPS provided funds for data collection in 10 cities. NIJ sponsored the city survey in Washington, D.C., as part of its research support to the DC Revitalization Initiative. BJS anticipates that findings will be released in early 1999. School Crime Data Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: With funding from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), BJS will conduct the 1999 School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The SCS will collect data on aspects of school crime from household members age 12 to 18 who attend school, representing an estimated 22 million students. Information will be obtained on victimizations, availability of drugs at school, existence of street gangs, prevalence of gang fights, presence of guns at school, and fear of being attacked or harmed. In addition, BJS and the NCES anticipate producing Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 1999, the second of an annual series of reports, which will update the first Indicators report that presented data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population using a comprehensive array of sources--the National Crime Victimization Survey, Monitoring the Future, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the National Household Education Survey, and the School and Staffing Survey. The report will examine crime occurring in school, as well as on the way to and from school. NISMART II Grantee: Institute for Survey Research, Temple University; Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire; and Westat, Inc. FY99 Funding: $250,000 OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The National Incidence Survey of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway (NISMART) children provides reliable national statistics on the number and types of missing children in this country. The study originally examined missing children in five separate categories: runaways, thrownaways, nonfamily abductions, family abductions, and other missing children. Researchers have expanded the number of missing children categories to eight to distinguish between custodial interference and more serious family abductions, combine runaway and thrownaway children into one category, distinguish between general missing episodes that result from children being lost from those in which the child is injured, identify the number of children who are sexually assaulted, and account for children who are missing as a result of simple miscommunication where they were not in any danger. During FY 1999, the project will continue to analyze data according to these revised categories and prepare a report of the preliminary results. Impact of Victims' Rights Legislation on the Criminal Justice System Grantee: Vera Institute of Justice FY99 Funding: $97,850 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Vera Institute of Justice will conduct a study to assess the impact of victims' rights legislation on the criminal justice system, including prosecutors, attorneys for indigent defendants, courts, and corrections. During Phase I of the project, Vera staff will identify jurisdictions and criminal justice officials to be surveyed, construct a research design and methodology for the project, and create a typology of victims' rights legislation in every state. In Phase II, they will collect and analyze data for the project and then produce a final report detailing the findings of the study. Pilot Study of Victim Needs and Assistance Sought Grantee: Victim Services Inc. FY99 Funding: $379,193 (An additional $870,807 is committed for the national survey under another contract.) OJP Sponsors: NIJ and OVC Project Description: Through a subcontract with VERA Institute and WESTAT, Victim Services will conduct a pilot study to generate a recommended methodological approach to identifying crime victims, investigating the consequences of crime to victims, enumerating victim needs and sources of assistance, and characterizing services needed, sought, and received. The study will include victims regardless of whether they reported the crime to law enforcement or have accessed the criminal justice or human services systems. The study's goal is to determine who does and does not access crime victims services and to explore means of reaching subpopulations, such as immigrants or rural victims, whose needs may differ from larger populations. The pilot study will include a field test using the recommended methodology and will provide a detailed design for a national study that will be completed and funded separately. Evaluation of State Victim Compensation and Assistance Programs Grantee: The Urban Institute FY99 Funding: $750,000 OJP Sponsors: NIJ and OVC Project Description: The Urban Institute will conduct a multi-year evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) compensation and assistance programs. "Effectiveness" is understood in the context of meeting the needs of crime victims. The goal of the study is to analyze whether VOCA funded programs deliver a coordinated, comprehensive set of services that reduce the financial, physical, psychological, and emotional consequences of criminal victimization. The study will examine the range of victims served, services provided, service quality, and practices that affect coverage and service delivery efficiency. It is expected that the study will identify promising practices, as well as gaps and weaknesses in service delivery and administration. VOCA administrators will be surveyed, subgrantee site visits will be conducted, and clients will be interviewed individually and in focus groups. The multi-level nested design is expected to allow for examination of the effects of state policies on local service delivery and the impact of VOCA administration and coordination activities on crime victims. Joint Federal Performance Report Grantee: OVC Training and Technical Assistance Center Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsors: OVC and VAWO (with support from HHS and CDC) Project Description: Each of the four federal agencies that awards victim service grants to states-- OVC, VAWO, CDC, and the Administration on Children and Families (ACF)--has its own separate annual performance reporting requirements. The purpose of this project is to produce a joint federal performance reporting instrument that would develop common data sets and definitions, and consolidate the now separate reporting mechanisms. The goal is to ease the burden on direct service providers and increase the accuracy of federal performance data on the number of crime victims served and activities funded through federal grant programs. State of Mental Health Services to Victims Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $82,000 OJP Sponsors: OVC and NIJ Project Description: Many Americans suffer from crime-related mental health problems, and it is critical that every crime victim have access to effective mental health services at every stage in the criminal justice process. OVC and NIJ will join in an effort to better understand the mental health consequences of victimization and the treatment of crime-related psychological disorders, and to assess and improve the delivery of mental health services to victims. In FY 1999, this effort will include a working conference of researchers, administrators, and practitioners to examine the state of knowledge on these subjects, to prepare a series of bulletins distilling current understanding for policy makers and practitioners, to identify gaps disclosed by research and evaluation, and to suggest strategies for filling these gaps. Victims' Services Professional Development Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: To keep pace with the forward progression of the victims' movement, OVC has supported a variety of initiatives to increase understanding of crime victims' needs and the diverse individuals and organizations who serve these victims. OVC has convened several focus groups that discussed the development of victim service standards of practice for both organizations and individual practitioners and certification. In FY 1999, OVC will continue to support this effort by funding a cooperative agreement to convene a broad consortium of national and state leaders from the victim services field to develop a compendium of existing standards, education programs, strategies for establishing individual and organizational practice standards to enhance the quality of services to crime victims, and a practical Strategies for Action Kit that will help the field implement preferred standards. Federal Crime Victim Initiatives The following programs will be administered by OVC and will support efforts at the federal level to meet the needs of crime victims. Demonstration Programs: Fraud Demonstration Program Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) FY99 Funding: $125,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This second-year funding will continue a program in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California that created a white-collar crime victim advocate position and provided support staff to identify and recover victims' assets that involve complex financial transactions for victims. Victim Service Demonstration Projects (2) Grantees: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA FY99 Funding: $240,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project continues funding for two US Attorneys' offices selected competitively based upon each district's commitment to victim-witness issues, size, and caseload diversity. The districts selected represent a small district with a caseload from a military base, national park, and prison (Southern District of Indiana), and a district with a large Indian Country caseload (District of South Dakota). These districts will also assist other districts in replicating promising practices for victims of federal crime. EOUSA Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding provides financial assistance to victims of federal crime when no other resources are available. Funds are made available to U.S. Attorneys' Offices through an interagency agreement with EOUSA. Victim Assistant Positions Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA FY99 Funding: $290,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding will support third-year funding for an Office of Legal Education attorney instructor to draft litigation series chapters and course material and present classroom instruction to federal prosecutors on federal victims' rights legislation, case law and policy, and prosecutors' duties and responsibilities to federal crime victims. The grant also will provide second-year funding for an EOUSA attorney to assist with training and technical assistance to U.S. Attorneys' offices and continue funding for a position that provides training and technical assistance to 6 to 8 U.S. Attorneys' offices to help implement demonstration victim assistance programs. Victim-Witness Coordinator Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: OVC will continue funding to the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Montana to hire a victim-witness coordinator position as part of the Attorney General's Tribal Justice Initiative. This interagency initiative, which funds comprehensive services for two Indian tribes, is a collaborative effort among the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the Department of the Interior, and various DOJ components, including the Criminal Division, the Office of Tribal Justice, the Office of Policy Development, OVC, and other OJP bureaus. Pilot FBI/EOUSA Victim Witness Office Grantees: Interagency Agreement with the FBI and EOUSA FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding continues establishment of a consolidated victim assistance office in Omaha, Nebraska. The goal is to create a comprehensive, multidisciplinary victim service center for victims of federal crime and eliminate the need for separate victim-witness coordinators in FBI field offices and in U.S. Attorneys' offices. FBI Demonstration Victim Assistance Programs Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the FBI FY99 Funding: $350,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project is establishing three demonstration victim assistance programs to improve the capability of the New York, Washington, and Tucson FBI field offices to respond to the rights and physical, emotional, and financial needs of all federal crime victims, including those victimized abroad. Activities will be coordinated with the U.S. Attorney's Office, the State Department, the Department of Defense (DOD), Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and other federal agencies involved with federal crime victims. Trafficked Victim Demonstration Project Grantee: Interagency Agreement with INS FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: INS will develop a demonstration program for federal assistance to victims of international trafficking for sexual purposes. The project will utilize a network of service providers in U.S. Attorney's Offices that would provide culturally appropriate and language specific services, such as medical, mental health, and emergency shelter. Drug Enforcement Administration Victim Assistance Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project provides $25,000 to enable DEA victim-witness coordinators to attend the National Symposium on Victims of Federal Crime and $25,000 to establish a DEA Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund to assist victims in DEA drug trafficking cases. Victim-Witness Programs (3) Grantees: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), U.S. Secret Service, and U.S. Customs Service FY99 Funding: $221,250 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project provides second-year funding for an effort to establish comprehensive victim-witness programs in the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the U.S. Secret Service, and the U.S. Customs Service. Department of State Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of State FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC An emergency victim assistance fund will be established in the Bureau of Consular Affairs. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs: District Specific Training Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA FY99 Funding: $215,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding will support 6 to 8 federal district-specific training conferences and seminars involving federal victims' rights issues, including American Indian issues and compliance with the Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance. Travel to Training Grantees: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA, FBI, INS, and DOD FY99 Funding: $698,155 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: OVC will provide travel costs to allow federal prosecutors and victim-witness coordinators from the grantee agencies to attend the second Symposium on Victims of Federal Crime and other major victim conferences. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) Grantee: Interagency Agreement with FLETC FY99 Funding: $200,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding will continue to fulfill OVC's responsibility to train federal law enforcement officers in the delivery of services to victims of crime. FLETC trains officers from over 70 agencies in basic and advanced classes. This agreement will fund 1« positions, agency- specific training sessions, and onsite training and technical assistance to other federal agencies. Federal Bureau of Prisons Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This funding will enable BOP to expand its newly created program to establish inmate victim impact panels to 5 to 8 additional institutions and to establish a train-the- trainers program to develop a faculty for additional program expansion to the remaining BOP facilities. Information about additional resources is available in Chapter 14. Department of State Training Video Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Department of State FY99 Funding: $80,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project will produce a video to explain the State Department's victim assistance program and employee responsibilities to all State Department employees. Crime Victims Fund Video Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $80,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This project will produce a video to teach federal law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and corrections personnel about the Crime Victims Fund and the positive impact that increased deposits will have on victims of crime. This project will be supported through a contract awarded by the Department of Justice Audio-Visual Unit. For More Information The following programs are listed in other chapters of the Program Plan: Victim Empowerment through Mediation and Dialogue, Chapter 2; Safe Start Child Development and Community Policing Partnership, Chapter 5; and Building a Home for Crime Victims on the Internet, Chapter 8. OVC's Victim Services 2000 programs are listed in Chapter 2. Programs to combat violence against women and support its victims are described in Chapter 4. These include VAWO's STOP Violence Against Women Grants, Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies, Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants, and Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants, as well as other family violence initiatives. Further information also is available online at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo. Also see Chapter 1 for a description of OVC's Crime Victim Assistance and Victim Compensation grant programs, and Chapter 13 for additional victim-related technical assistance and training. Additional information about OVC programs is available from its Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/ or from the OVC Resource Center by calling toll-free at 1-800/627-6872. Chapter 8 Enhancing Technology's Use in Addressing Crime Overview Use of technology and information integration and sharing in addressing crime are among the most urgent issues facing the criminal justice field today. As criminals become more sophisticated in their use of advanced technology to perpetrate crime, criminal justice professionals must have equally sophisticated tools to prevent, investigate, and prosecute those crimes, to better track and manage offenders, and to protect the public. Today, criminal justice practitioners use advanced technology for everything from tracing stolen vehicles, to crime scene DNA identification, to investigating pornography, to solving sophisticated financial crimes. Corrections technology is being developed and tested in such areas as using Global Positioning Systems and more advanced electronic monitoring using telephone lines to manage offenders. There is also computer technology under development that would show the precise location of correctional staff in an institution and efforts being tested to use computer "telemedicine" to provide medical and mental health services for inmates. Attention is also focused on integrating technology so that these systems can effectively communicate and share information--both among the various criminal justice system components within a jurisdiction and among different jurisdictions. For the most part, the computer systems used by state and local governments today cannot communicate or share data. Many were developed as the result of federal or state grant funding, at different times, with no strategy for integration with other systems. As a result, there is a proliferation of different systems, with different goals, and different means of communicating. In 1997, the OJP Assistant Attorney General created an OJP Information Technology Executive Council to coordinate OJP's efforts in the area of information technology and to determine how the federal government could most effectively assist state and local communities meet their information technology needs. During the past two years, the Executive Council staff have met with state and local policy makers, criminal justice practitioners, and technology experts across the country to explore what progress has already been made at the state and local levels in designing integrated justice system projects, what state and local needs are, and how OJP and state and local jurisdictions could work together to ensure that information technology resources are being applied effectively, efficiently, and equitably. From these initial efforts and the many criminal technology project launched to date, two things have become clear. First, it is critical to ensure that all the major stakeholders, especially the direct users of the technology, be involved in planning, developing, and implementing information and other technology efforts. Second, it is equally important to develop appropriate means of educating the criminal justice community in general on the various uses of technology as applied to criminal justice, and the steps needed to effectively develop and implement new technology. Another challenge is ensuring that criminal justice professionals have access to advanced technology to help them perform more effectively. Several years ago, OJP's National Institute of Justice entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Department of Defense (DOD) agreeing to share and jointly develop technology systems that can be used for both defense and criminal justice purposes. This MOU has led to the development, for example, of new less- than-lethal weapons to subdue offenders without having to use a firearm and to a variety of technologies for detecting concealed weapons and other contraband. In other projects with DOD agencies, encouraged by the establishment of the MOU, NIJ has worked to transfer computer enhanced training developed for the military to a variety of law enforcement applications. These efforts are supported by NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) system, which is composed of the national center, four regional centers, and special offices. NLECTC develops, tests, and disseminates information about criminal justice technology. For a full description of NLECTC, see Chapter 13. As technology continues to change rapidly, criminal justice capabilities must continue to advance also. OJP is supporting a wide range of funding and other assistance to improve criminal justice technology and to enhance technology's use in addressing crime in this nation. Continuation Programs The following projects will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP) Grantees: State agencies designated by the Governor FY99 Funding: $45 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: The goal of the NCHIP program is to ensure that accurate records are available for use in law enforcement, including sex offender registry requirements, and to permit states to identify ineligible firearm purchasers, persons ineligible to hold employment in positions involving children, the elderly, or the disabled, and persons subject to protective orders or charged or convicted of stalking or domestic violence. The FY 1999 program will focus on ensuring that states can fully participate in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), which was established under the Brady Act to provide background checks for noncriminal justice purposes, such as child and elderly care. The 1999 program will also encourage and support state efforts to improve communications and data accuracy, and to develop integrated criminal justice systems to meet evolving criminal justice and noncriminal justice needs. NCHIP also includes technical assistance and training (see Chapter 13), the Firearms Inquiry Statistics (FIST) (see below), and the National Sex Offender Registry Assistance Program (NSOR-AP). Comparative Analysis of Statewide Criminal Justice Information Sharing Systems Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: This project is designed to address the lack of integration of all available case information into a centralized state criminal justice management information system. The project will conduct a comparative analysis of five innovative statewide criminal justice management information systems and identify the most promising strategies. The goal of the project is to explore replicating these strategies at one or more selected demonstration sites. This program is a coordinated element of the OJP-wide Integrated Information Systems Initiative. DNA Laboratory Improvement Grantees: States and local government agencies FY99 Funding: $15 million OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: Authorized by the DNA Identification Act of 1994, the Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program was created to increase the capabilities and capacity of state and local forensic laboratories in the United States. Its purpose is to help public crime labs to conduct state-of-the-art DNA testing to support the investigation and adjudication of violent crime. This program addresses the critical need in public crime laboratories for faster, more cost-effective, and reliable DNA testing by funding procurement of updated equipment, supplies, laboratory modifications, and training for laboratory analysts. Sixty-five grants awarded under the DNA Laboratory Program are continuing in FY 1999, the fourth year of the program. Applications for new or continuation funding were submitted under the Phase 4 solicitation in December 1998. STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program Grantees: 56 states and territories FY99 Funding: $138.4 million OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) Project Description: The STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program promotes a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to improving the criminal justice system's response to violence against women. One of the seven project purpose areas for this program is the development or expansion of advanced technology to combat stalking, sexual assault, and domestic violence. This includes creating, installing, or expanding data collection and communication systems, including computerized systems that link police, prosecution, and the courts or that are designed to identify and track arrests, protection orders, violations of protection orders, prosecutions, and convictions for violent crimes against women. The full scope of the STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program is described in Chapter 4. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420. Information Integration Initiative Survey and Assistance Program Grantees: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Using an informal consortium of technical assistance grantees advised by professional technology and policymaking organizations, BJA will support the DOJ Information Integration Initiative through a number of related tasks. First, a study will be undertaken to identify how information moves within the criminal justice system. Concurrently, another survey of states (and some localities) will look for existing and pending legislation on information integration, particularly that aimed at governance, planning, and interoperability issues. A major component of this examination will be identifying and documenting how states use governance boards to coordinate activities focused on implementing integrated information systems. Model laws and governance board structures will be documented as blueprints for action for other jurisdictions. Finally, this information will feed into a multifaceted set of educational and marketing tools, which will help advocates of information integration promote this concept with state executives and legislators, business leaders, law enforcement agency personnel, and the public. This information will eventually become part of the proposed National Information Resource Center, where it can be updated as the initiative progresses. Managing Investigative Criminal Justice Technologies Grantee: Institute for Forensics FY99 Funding: $498,215 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project will provide technical assistance and investigative template services to create data linkage and criminal justice integration initiatives. The primary objectives will be to provide information management techniques and resources to investigators; create an investigative information template; create an information management matrix and interface; and assess and evaluate prototype investigative information management systems. For more information, contact Robert D. Keppel, Director, Institute for Forensics, at 425/271-4081. Strategic Information Technology Center Grantee: National Center for Rural Law Enforcement, University of Arkansas FY99 Funding: $4 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Center for Rural Law Enforcement (NCRLE) will provide assistance to state and local jurisdictions in meeting their information technology needs. Upon developing a national strategic information technology plan, an Internet-based resource center and full spectrum help desk will be established where jurisdictions can receive guidance, support, and instruction on the whole range of information technology issues. In addition, the project will provide for the operation and expansion of an electronic information clearinghouse for rural law enforcement officers that will be accessible through dial-in toll-free service and via the Internet. A Business Case for Integration Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office of the Assistant Attorney General (OAAG) and BJA Project Description: This project will develop an education and marketing tool for executives, legislators, the judiciary, and the pubic that explains the necessity and benefits of integrated justice. The business case will explain how integration can improve fairness, efficiency, and economy in the justice system and increase public safety. Governance Initiative Grantee: National Criminal Justice Association and SEARCH Group FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The grantees will survey states to ascertain the type, quality, and capability of the governance processes and structures in use or contemplated nationwide; analyze the findings; evaluate the quality and effectiveness of each state's approach; and produce a report describing the study findings. The resulting document will help states develop or improve governance structures for integrating criminal justice data. Procurement Improvement Initiative Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The goal of this project is to improve the process for procuring information technology. The project will compile information about successful strategies used in current Requests For Proposals for information technology projects and support procurement reform by disseminating information about effective procurement practices and processes to governors, state legislators, and other decision-makers. State and Local Government Legislation Initiative Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project will examine existing legislation that supports integration at the state and local level and help jurisdictions draft similar provisions or amend outdated legislation. Showcasing Modern Law Enforcement Records Management Systems Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: BJS and the FBI will continue efforts as part of a comprehensive project to assess the status of incident-based reporting among law enforcement agencies and address the impediments to implementing the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). In FY 1999, the FBI will identify jurisdictions that are promising candidates for demonstrating that NIBRS can be implemented in large cities. Up to 10 sites will be selected for technical assistance under this effort, and three will receive funding. Consolidated Advanced Technologies for the Law Enforcement Program at the University of New Hampshire and the New Hampshire Department of Public Safety (earmark) Grantee: New Hampshire Department of Public Safety FY99 Funding: $3.5 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In partnership with the University of New Hampshire, the New Hampshire Department of Safety will develop a consolidated advanced technologies program that will test and demonstrate new communications and information exchange technologies for use with systems currently deployed by state and local law enforcement agencies. Field-based demonstration of new off-the-shelf and application-specific technologies in a multijurisdictional environment will be combined with laboratory-based replication of the operations environment, and with analysis of human factors, to identify and solve problems that hinder operations. The program will build on the university's performance as the test site used by more than 100 computer companies to ensure interoperability of their products in wired and wireless networks operating in an open architecture environment. Training and improved educational curricula for law enforcement professionals also will be elements of this program. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Planning for Integrated Justice Information Systems Grantee: SEARCH Group, Inc FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: To address the growing demand for integrated justice information systems assistance, OJP created the Information Technology Executive Council. SEARCH will assist the Executive Council in developing a comprehensive and coordinated strategy for funding integrated justice information systems planning and development efforts nationwide. National Information Resource Center Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OAAG and BJA Project Description: Under this project, a national resource center where criminal justice components at all levels of government can obtain timely and useful information on integration processes, initiatives, and new developments will be developed. The center will provide Web- based resources and research, evaluate, collect, and disseminate information technology-related materials. National Survey of DNA Laboratories Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: With funding from NIJ, BJS is conducting the first national survey of all public and private DNA laboratories. Fielded in November 1998, the survey is collecting management and administrative statistics on staff size and characteristics, staff training, budgets, DNA testing procedures, processing policies, and archival capacity. The survey will also obtain information on the degree of laboratory compliance with national standards and participation in the national database of DNA samples. BJS continues to work closely with state and local crime laboratory directors and the FBI's Forensic Science Systems Unit in this effort, which will provide a mechanism for crime laboratory directors to compare procedures and capacities among the different laboratories, as well as a tool to measure compatibility between the national (CODIS) DNA database and state DNA databases. National Center for Forensic Sciences Grantee: University of Central Florida FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project supports a unique laboratory facility that provides technical assistance to the forensic science and law enforcement communities in the areas of fire and explosion debris. Activities include scientific research, development of standard protocols, development of an electronic resource library and distance learning modules, and partnerships with forensic science, law enforcement, and insurance communities. For further information, contact Dr. Richard Rau at NIJ at 202/307-0648. Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System (SWBSADIS) Grantee: Criminal Information Sharing Alliance FY99 Funding: $9 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System is a regional law enforcement system serving the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, components of the Regional Information Sharing System (RISS), and the El Paso Intelligence Center. SWBSADIS provides the communication infrastructure and common message text format needed to transfer information among the participants' intelligence databases, as well as electronic mail and bulletin board services. In FY99, SWBSADIS will Web-enable the wide area network, improve information sharing with additional components of RISS, and enhance functionality with applications tailored to intelligence personnel. Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) Grantees: Middle Atlantic-Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network, Mid-States Organized Crime Information Center, New England State Police Information Network, Regional Organized Crime Information Center, Rocky Mountain Information Network, Western States Information Network FY99 Funding: $20 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: RISS is composed of six regional centers that share intelligence and coordinate efforts against criminal networks that operate in many locations across jurisdictional lines. Typical targets of RISS activities are drug trafficking, violent crime and gang activity, and organized criminal activities. However, each of the centers selects its own target crimes and the range of services provided to member agencies. RISS serves more than 4,700 member law enforcement agencies in 50 states, two Canadian provinces, and the District of Columbia. The Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service, Secret Service, U.S. Customs Service, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms also participate in the program. RISS Intranet Grantees: Middle Atlantic-Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network, Mid-States Organized Crime Information Center, New England State Police Information Network, Regional Organized Crime Information Center, Rocky Mountain Information Network, Western States Information Network FY99 Funding: $5 million (from COPS) OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: A Memorandum of Understanding between BJA and the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) has made funds available to BJA to upgrade the communications infrastructure of the Regional Information Sharing System. The upgrade will facilitate the rapid exchange of information on criminals and criminal activity by providing law enforcement member agencies access to the RISS secure Intranet. Having such access will increase their ability to share and retrieve criminal intelligence information on a real-time basis. Criminal Intelligence Systems Operating Policies Technical Assistance and Testing Program Grantee: Institute for Intergovernmental Research (IIR) FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: BJA grantees Project Description: This initiative will survey, identify, and catalog existing BJA-funded interjurisdictional criminal intelligence systems; provide assistance to facilitate grantee compliance with federal regulations; provide onsite technical assistance to resolve problems; coordinate specialized technical assistance at each site; and serve as a liaison for potential technical assistance recipients. National White Collar Crime Center Grantee: National White Collar Crime Center FY99 Funding: $7.35 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National White Collar Crime Center provides a national resource for the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of multijurisdictional economic crimes. These crimes include investment fraud, telemarketing fraud, boiler room operations, securities fraud, commodities fraud, and advanced-fee loan schemes. The center provides a wide range of technical assistance, including a national training and research institute focusing on economic crime issues. In FY 1999, BJA funding of the Center will also support the National Cybercrime Training Partnership (NCTP), an initiative organized by DOJ's Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section to create a national network of law enforcement trainers and specialists in computer crime- related investigation and prosecution. For more information, contact Dick Johnston, National White Collar Crime Center, at 1-800/221-4424. National White Collar Crime Center Partnership With the National Fraud Information Center (earmark) Grantee: National Fraud Information Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Fraud Information Center (NFIC), a project of the National Consumers League, has been providing valuable assistance to the public and to law enforcement agencies in the fight against telemarketing fraud since 1992. Consumers' fraud reports are transmitted daily by the NFIC to a database jointly maintained by the Federal Trade Commission and the National Association of Attorneys General. The database is accessible to law enforcement agencies seeking specific information. NFIC and the National White Collar Crime Center will work together in the training of telemarketing fraud investigators and prosecutors in the Telemarketing Fraud Enforcement Task Force Targeting the Elderly Project. NFIC will serve as a consultant in developing training programs and materials. SEEDTECH Grantee: National Urban Technology Center, Inc. FY99 Funding: $400,000 OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) Project Description: The Executive Office for Weed and Seed provides technical assistance to support Weed and Seed sites in the development of computer learning centers. This "SEEDTECH" initiative works to build the technological and administrative capabilities of all Weed and Seed sites by providing consulting services and support. Assistance is available via a toll-free telephone number (1-800/999-3212). SEEDTECH's Community Empowerment Curriculum includes the following courses: • Computer Fundamentals, through which participants acquire basic computer skills and become familiar with a broad range of computer functions, including the Internet. • Word Processing • Children's Program, which introduces children ages 5 to 11 to computers. The children complete creative writing activities and produce papers and reports that include pictures and page design features, and use a multimedia creativity tool to create and present electronic animated stories. Managing Law Enforcement Technologies Grantee: University of New Orleans (UNO) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The University of New Orleans provides technical assistance to agencies funded under BJA's Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program to help them better manage law enforcement technologies. UNO provides management-focused training in basic technology planning and acquisition and implementation strategies; trains trainers for law enforcement, corrections, and court personnel; and facilitates the transfer of technology information among agencies supported by the LLEBG program. Conferences and Technology Assistance Grantees: Gordon Research Institute, Naval Air Warfare Center, and other organizations to be determined FY99 Funding: $775,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ will support a number of technology-based conferences in FY 1999, including the Gordon Conference, the Corrections Conference, Technology Tools for Training Conference, the Science and the Law Conference, and the Technical Institute. Building a Home for Crime Victims on the Internet Grantee: Michigan Victim Alliance FY99 Funding: $20,000 OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: This project produced a statewide Website for victims in Michigan and a Website Development Manual for other states wishing to replicate this service. As a result of this innovative project, hundreds of victims in Michigan and other states have obtained information about the criminal justice system, available victim services, and peer support groups; been able to access protection order forms and filing procedures; had a chance to communicate with one another, tell their stories, and post memorials on the Web; participate in a listserv for victims; and, through a partnership with the FBI, develop security and online protection procedures. Project staff also helped victim groups from around the state set up their own Websites. Continuation funding will allow staff to provide training and technical assistance to other states by adapting existing templates to the needs of specific states, support server maintenance, and further refine server security issues. National Motor Vehicle Title Information System Grantee: American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators and participating states FY99 Funding: $3.15 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In cooperation with the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA), BJA is providing financial assistance to the states of Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Virginia to participate in a pilot project to implement and test the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS). This 5-year project will establish a national electronic switching system linking state Department of Motor Vehicle computers into a network. NMVTIS will enable states to verify the validity of existing titles prior to issuing new titles; obtain information on whether a vehicle has been stolen; prevent odometer tampering; obtain information from the Manufacturer's Certificate of Origin to help create a vehicle's first title; and automatically notify previous states of record when a new title is issued. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Standards Initiative Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The field has recommended that OJP identify existing standards relating to criminal justice information technology and coordinate with the various criminal justice standards setting bodies to help develop a national consensus on technical and data standards for integration. This project will facilitate the development of integration standards by undertaking a survey of standards, analyzing the results for gaps and conflicts, identifying standards that should be eliminated, establishing a process to create new standards, identifying new standards as required, and tasking appropriate organizations to develop required standards. Information Interchange Study Grantee: SEARCH Group FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The grantee will track how information moves within the criminal justice system and where the information exchange points between criminal justice agencies exist. The field recommended such a study to develop an information exchange model for criminal justice integration. This project will study the type of information that is being exchanged among criminal justice components, determine the types of information that should be exchanged, and study the implications of standards, coordination, governance, and other factors on information exchange. Interoperability Initiative Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1.8 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will develop and demonstrate enhanced interoperability technologies and techniques for mobile and fixed platforms. This includes continuation of the ALERT (mobile) interoperability program and development of a focused, fixed interoperability test bed, which will include the transfer of military-developed technology to link police agencies from two different states into a regional criminal justice computer system located in the Charlotte, North Carolina area. Investigator-Initiated Research Grants Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Grants of up to $300,000. The number of awards varies each year. OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This solicitation seeks research and technology proposals that explore topics relevant to state and local criminal justice policy or practice. FY 1999 topic areas include: officer protection and crime prevention, investigative and forensic sciences, less-than-lethal incapacitation, communications and information technologies, training and simulation technologies, and school security technologies. Twice a year, NIJ receives and reviews proposals submitted under this broad solicitation. Grants generally range between $25,000 and $300,000 for project periods of one to two years. For a copy of the solicitation, call NCJRS at 1-800/851-3420 or see NIJ's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/. Field Trials for Less-Than-Lethal Technologies Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $400,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ anticipates that three less-than-lethal technologies will have gone through safety evaluations and be ready for field trials in FY 1999. These field trials will determine the technologies' effectiveness in temporarily incapacitating individuals and operational considerations in likely scenarios. Technologies ready for field testing include the kinetic energy ring airfoil projectile, the electric stun projectile, and the laser dazzler. Safe School Technologies Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Awards from $300,000 to $500,000, depending on the number and types of proposals received. Proposals will be funded as outlined in the 1999 Appropriations Bill, which provides that $10 million of the 1 percent set-aside for research and evaluation within the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants funding should be used to fund research to enhance school safety. OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This program will identify and develop technologies to improve security in schools. The research will involve analyzing schools that use security technology to determine strengths and weaknesses of these technologies, identifying available technologies appropriate for schools and others that can be modified for use in schools, and determining areas where technology needs to be developed to improve school security. Health Status Monitor for Prisons Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $350,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will develop technology to electronically monitor the status of high-risk and suicidal inmates to pinpoint their location and ensure their safety. The federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) will work cooperatively with NIJ and the Joint Program Steering Group to develop this technology, which will be tested at a BOP prison facility to be determined. Video Surveillance Technology Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $575,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ will support a project to develop and demonstrate innovative and novel technologies that increase the effectiveness of automated video processing applications, such as facial recognition, motion detection, event detection, and image understanding technologies. Prison Contraband Study Grantee: Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR) FY99 Funding: $65,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ and the U.S. Navy will study the utility of contraband and drug detection equipment in prisons. The Navy plans to work with state and local corrections agencies to conduct this study. Electronic Crime Grantee: SPAWAR and the Tennessee Valley Authority FY99 Funding: $300,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ will assess the needs of state and local law enforcement and the supporting role of federal law enforcement in combating online and electronic crime. This effort will examine crime committed online and in an electronic environment, including computer crime, high-technology crime, traditional and white-collar crimes, and crimes classified as cyberterrorism. This needs assessment will include an analysis of law enforcement's current state of preparedness and what needs have to be met to enable them to successfully investigate, solve, and prosecute this broad spectrum of technology crime. DNA Research Program Grantee: Competitive/Multiple Awards FY99 Funding: $3.2 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This 5-year effort will harness the tremendous growth in the field of DNA technology by directing research in DNA identification testing systems towards development of tools for the criminal justice community. Through investigator-initiated solicitations, NIJ seeks projects to achieve highly discriminating, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid DNA testing approaches to identify or exonerate suspects in violent crime investigations. Investigative and Forensic Science Technical Working Groups Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $1.1 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: NIJ will fund technical working groups to develop guidelines of best practices to establish and improve standard practices for criminal justice officers in the areas of eyewitnesses, evidence collection, crime scene investigations, law enforcement training, Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702 validation, and judicial admissibility. Firearms Inquiry Statistics (FIST) Grantee: REJIS FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: The FIST program collects statistics relating to the impact of presale firearm checks, as required under the Brady Act, and related state legislation. Statistical data obtained by BJS under the program focus on the total number of inquiries related to firearm purchases, the number of rejections, and the basis for the rejections. Data are also collected separately concerning the procedures followed by states in connection with presale checks under both the Brady Act and related state legislation. State Justice Statistics Program Grantees: State Statistical Analysis Centers FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: The State Justice Statistics Program provides support to state Statistical Analysis Centers (SACs) that research and analyze criminal justice issues identified by BJS in conjunction with other OJP components. In FY 1999, BJS is encouraging SACs to collect and analyze data derived from sex offender registries, criminal history record information, and incident- based crime data. Other areas of research and analyses include juvenile justice issues (see Chapter 5) and drugs and crime data. Further information on the FY 1999 program and selected topics/issues will be announced in the State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers: Program Application Guidelines, Fiscal Year 1999, expected for release in early 1999. For a copy, contact the BJS Clearinghouse at 1-800/732-3277 or see the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology FY99 Funding: $1.4 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The mission of OLES is to apply science and technology to the needs of the criminal justice community, including law enforcement, corrections, forensic science, and the fire service. NIJ will support the development of methods to test equipment performance and examine evidentiary materials, develop standards for equipment and operating procedures, develop standard reference materials, and perform other scientific and engineering tasks required by NIJ. COPLINK Grantee: Tucson, Arizona Police Department FY99 Funding: $232,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The Tucson Police Department and the University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Group are developing a relational search engine that makes use of artificial intelligence and multimedia technology to improve the way criminal justice information databases are accessed and searched. In FY 1999, the final phase will refine the prototype system based on results from testing and actual criminal case analysis. Technology Initiatives Grantees: Ultimate Enterprises, Ltd. FY99 Funding: $245,760 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Description: Ultimate Enterprises, Ltd. (UEL) will continue to support NIJ by providing appropriate services for the Surplus Property Project. Services include supporting NIJ in its interface with the Secretary of Defense, the Defense Logistics Agency, and DOD Law Enforcement Support Offices. UEL will also assist in coordinating surplus property matters, as well as the 1122 Program, with interested DOJ and other federal agencies, maintain and revise the FEDQUIP manual and material for the Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET), assist the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers, and provide professional assistance to NIJ in exchanges with Russia regarding Explosive Ordinance Disposal. School Security Technologies Guide Grantee: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This grant will enable SNL to complete the School Security Technologies Guide, by incorporating comments from an extensive group of school security and law enforcement reviewers. Following dissemination of the guide, its effectiveness will be evaluated, and planning will begin for a second volume to incorporate evaluation results and new technologies identified as appropriate for school security efforts. Personal Alarm Monitors Grantee: Telephonics FY99 Funding: $650,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The personal alarm monitor is a system that can be used in corrections facilities to monitor the location of officers within the facility and to provide real-time communications between the officers and the facility control center. This phase of the project will test the viability of the system and its value in corrections by incorporating additional features, such as signals to indicate "man down," tamper alarms, and a low battery indicator. The project also will test prototypes in an occupied corrections facility. Ring Airfoil Projectile Grantee: Guilford Engineering FY99 Funding: $250,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The Ring Airfoil Projectile is a blunt impact projectile that is nonlethal at the muzzle. It was developed by the military and is now being modified for law enforcement applications. These modifications include developing a new launch device and the capability to have pepper powder disperse on impact. A prototype launcher will be available in March 1999. FY 1999 funds will be used to develop the pepper powder dispersal system. Vehicle Stopping Program Grantee: To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998 FY99 Funding: $200,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: In FY 1997 and FY 1998, NIJ funded projects to identify and evaluate electromagnetic devices suitable for testing in a laboratory setting. In FY 1998, NIJ issued a directed solicitation for proposals field testing actual electromagnetic car stopping devices. FY 1999 funds will support proposals received in late FY 1998 for limited development and field evaluation of electric or electromagnetic vehicle stopping systems. Electronic Microchip Grantees: Nanogen and Whitehead Institute FY99 Funding: $1.3 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: These grantees are developing DNA microchips that use the "STR" genetic markers required by the forensic community. Using two different microchip platforms, the projects' goals include increasing the speed of DNA analysis methods, decreasing the costs, and miniaturizing the system to increase portability. DNA Analysis by Mass Spectrometry Grantee: GeneTrace FY99 Funding: $500,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The development of a mass spectrometric method of analyzing forensically important DNA markers allows DNA profiling to be reliably conducted in minutes instead of hours. This phase of the project includes refinement of robotics and inclusion of more forensic markers for rapid and high throughput DNA profiling critical to achieving an accurate convicted offender database (CODIS). Teleforensics Grantee: Multiple Awards FY99 Funding: $397,000 OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will plan and evaluate technologies and techniques that can be used at crime scenes to remotely access forensic or crime scene investigators in the laboratory. Technologies developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will be evaluated for applicability to criminal justice agencies. Program Assessment, Policy, and Coordination Grantee: SEASKATE, the Institute for Law and Justice, and Pymatuning Group Inc. FY99 Funding: $1.44 million OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: This project will continue support for policy panels that address liability, technology, and community acceptance issues and assess internal practices and procedures related to these areas. For More Information Funds awarded under the Byrne Formula and LLEBG programs described in Chapter 1 also may be used to support technology initiatives. In addition, several violence against women grant programs award funds that may be used to enhance technology to combat domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. These programs are described in Chapters 4 and 11. Also see Chapter 13 for additional technology and information-sharing system training and technical assistance initiatives, including NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) program, which provides criminal justice professionals with information on technology, guidelines, and standards for these technologies, objective testing data, and technical assistance to implement these technologies. The program also supports JUSTNET, the Justice Information Technology Network, an Internet-based technology information-sharing system that is used by more than 40,000 corrections and law enforcement personnel each month. JUSTNET provides a gateway to information on new technologies, equipment, and other products and services available to criminal justice professionals. Information is available online at www.nlectc.org or through a toll-free hotline at 1-800/248-2742. Additionally, two purpose areas under OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JAIBG) program allow funds to be used for technology to assist prosecutors in identifying and expediting violent juvenile offender prosecutions and to establish and maintain interagency information- sharing programs that enable the juvenile and criminal justice systems, schools, and social services agencies to identify, control, supervision, and treat serious juvenile offenders. See Chapter 1 for more information or access OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. Chapter 9 Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives Overview Law enforcement is the most visible of all the criminal justice system components in a community. For this reason, law enforcement has an enormous impact on how residents view the quality of life in their neighborhoods, the criminal justice system, and the law. In the more than 30 years since the first federally sponsored review of criminal justice operations in the United States, policing in this country has changed dramatically. Beginning with efforts in the 1960s and 70s, law enforcement agencies have worked to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their operations, improve relations with the communities they serve, and ensure the professionalism of their officers and executives. Today, most law enforcement officers have received specialized training. Law enforcement agencies make concerted efforts to recruit and retain women and minority officers, and to ensure that the makeup of departments more accurately reflects that of the communities they serve. And, with the widespread adoption of community policing, law enforcement officers no longer simply react to crime. They have become problem solvers in their communities, identifying crime-related problems and developing strategies-- together with residents--for preventing and responding to those problems. Many of these changes have come about as the result of OJP funding, research, evaluations, demonstration programs, training, and other assistance. But along with this progress have come new challenges: • Many communities have made remarkable progress in addressing crime by implementing effective community policing programs, particularly as the result of funding provided by the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), the Administration's premier law enforcement assistance initiative. But law enforcement needs to continue its efforts to work with other justice system components in a comprehensive, community-based strategy to address crime. Community policing's community-based, problem-solving approach needs to expand to encompass other justice system components in a new, comprehensive approach known as community justice. OJP is working to evaluate the effectiveness of community policing, refine and document effective approaches, and help expand community policing into a more comprehensive community justice strategy. • Law enforcement must continue to improve its response to domestic violence. Most law enforcement officers today recognize domestic or family violence as the serious crime it is--one that often leads to an intergenerational cycle of violence. However, law enforcement agencies must do more to enhance their response to these crimes and ensure that every law enforcement officer is trained to respond effectively and compassionately to domestic violence incidents. OJP is working to help law enforcement agencies develop and implement policies and protocols within law enforcement agencies; provide training for law enforcement officers on the special considerations for working domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking cases; and form partnerships with victim advocacy groups and other members of the criminal justice system to ensure victim safety and perpetrator accountability. In addition to the programs described in this chapter, other OJP programs addressing this issue are described in Chapter 4. • Law enforcement must continue to improve its response to crime victims. The way police officers approach victims, at both the initial and subsequent contacts, has a significant impact both on the well-being of victims and on their capacity to cooperate effectively in the criminal justice process. Police agencies can enhance their ability to respond effectively to victims through training, identification of community resources for victims, and incorporating victim assistance professionals or volunteer advocates into law enforcement efforts. In addition to the programs described in this chapter, other OJP victim-related programs are described in Chapter 7. • Law enforcement needs access to sophisticated technology and other tools to do their jobs more effectively and efficiently. Making advanced technology and other resources available and affordable, especially for small or rural law enforcement agencies, continues to be a priority for OJP. For example, early NIJ research on body armor resulted in saving the lives of many law enforcement officers who purchased bullet-resistant vests that were tested and evaluated according to standards developed by NIJ. Through NIJ, OJP is working to make a wide array of advanced technology, ranging from "smart" guns to crime scene DNA testing to advanced communication and information systems available to meet the needs of law enforcement. More information on law enforcement technology is provided in Chapter 8. • Law enforcement is presented with major challenges in dealing with juveniles both juvenile perpetrators of crime and with juvenile victims. Law enforcement practitioners are responsible for preventing and responding to violent juvenile crime and delinquency, juvenile involvement with guns, gangs, and drugs, school violence, and young crime victims and often need specialized training in handling juvenile cases. OJP is working with state and local police and sheriff's departments, communities, and professional associations to promote and maintain the highest level of professional competence and capabilities in meeting the challenges of our rapidly evolving society. In FY 1999, OJP is administering two major new law enforcement initiatives. The Police Corps is a college scholarship program for students who agree to work in a state or local police force for at least four years. The program was recently transferred to OJP from COPS. In addition, BJA will make the first awards under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Act of 1998. Under this program, BJA will provide funds to enable states, units of local government, and Indian tribes to purchase bulletproof vests for law enforcement officers. Through the programs described in this chapter and other efforts, OJP is helping law enforcement agencies find effective and efficient strategies for identifying and addressing crime-related problems in their communities, demonstrating those strategies in real situations, documenting the results, and then providing training and technical assistance to help other communities adopt effective approaches. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. Washington Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force (earmark) Grantee: Arlington County, Virginia Police Department FY99 Funding: $2.25 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: The Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force will continue to provide a visible law enforcement presence through the following activities: disrupting major links between drug suppliers, distributors, and users; initiating enforcement action against property owners who knowingly allow their property to be used in the distribution of illicit drugs; developing comprehensive intelligence systems; and coordinating with appropriate agencies to control illegal firearms used by drug organizations and drug traffickers. A regional gang tracking system also will continue to be supported. Santee-Lynches Regional Council of Governments Law Enforcement Program (earmark) Grantee: Santee-Lynches Regional Council of Governments FY99 Funding: $500,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Santee-Lynches multijurisdictional community-oriented policing services initiative will continue to demonstrate how nonmetropolitan units of local government, their communities, law enforcement, and various public agencies and organizations can work in a collaborative, proactive manner to significantly reduce violent crime, drug trafficking and abuse, and gang and juvenile criminal activity. The goal of this effort is to restore neighborhood safety and enhance the quality of life in the community. National Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Program Grantees: State agencies responsible for administering motor vehicle theft prevention efforts FY99 Funding: $1.3 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act authorizes the U.S. Attorney General to establish a national voluntary motor vehicle theft prevention program. The purpose of the program is to identify vehicles that are not routinely operated during early morning hours or near international land borders or ports, so that law enforcement officers can check a vehicle before a stolen vehicle report has been filed. Under the FY 1999 program, BJA is offering implementation grants for states that have no statewide motor vehicle theft prevention decal program in place and for states with existing statewide programs that wish to make the transition to the Watch Your Car Program. Implementation grants of up to $200,000 will be awarded. Supplemental awards of up to $50,000 for FY 1996 and 1997 recipients will be made on a case- by-case basis to raise those recipients to the new $200,000 threshold. BJA encourages innovative approaches to implementing comprehensive, unique vehicle theft prevention initiatives and will evaluate applications on the size and scope of the proposed project and how it can work in concert with other theft prevention measures. Other factors for consideration include the amount of public and private resources leveraged in the proposal. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420. Internet Crimes Against Children Grantees: Competitive FY99 funding: $5 million OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: In FY 1998, OJJDP made ten awards totaling $2.4 million to state and local law enforcement jurisdictions to create multijurisdictional, multi-agency task forces to respond to Internet crimes against children (ICAC). The purpose of these task forces is to develop comprehensive, locally based responses to the problems associated with computer crimes against children. It is anticipated that these task forces will become regional sources of ICAC expertise and will provide assistance to parents, teachers, and law enforcement working on computer- facilitated sexual exploitation issues. In FY 1999, OJJDP will continue to support these task forces and, in addition, will provide funding to an additional eight jurisdictions to develop similar responses to computer facilitated child sexual exploitation offenses. 2001 World Police and Fire Games Grantee: Community Research Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined BJA Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The World Police and Fire Games promote friendly competition, fellowship and international relations, while also serving to strengthen interagency cooperation and community solidarity. BJA will provide technical assistance and funding resources for administrative and program support to help provide a safe and secure environment and to facilitate a substantive agenda for the event. It is anticipated that the Games, to be hosted in Indianapolis, Indiana in the summer of 2001, will draw approximately 10,000 participants and 40,000 attendees. Police/Probation Partnerships Grantee: Center for Creative Alternatives FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Police and probation officers traditionally have dealt with the same criminal offenders at different points in the criminal justice process and in isolation from each other. Recent efforts to implement police/probation partnerships have yielded a synergy that has benefitted both disciplines. These partnerships are providing problem-solving tools for police, allowing probation officers to supervise their case loads more intensively, and ameliorating crime "hot spots" in the community. Where these partnerships have been implemented, cities report a reduction in crime. In FY 1999, BJA will provide resources for technical assistance in the development and support of additional police/probation partnerships. Community Law Enforcement and Recovery (CLEAR) Program (earmark) Grantee: City of Los Angeles FY99 Funding: $3 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The CLEAR program brings together law enforcement and other government and community agencies in a focused effort to rid neighborhoods of street violence. The project targets gang leaders and violent gang members. Core participants include the Los Angeles Police Department, the City Attorney's Office, the Mayor's Office, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office and Probation Department, the District Attorney's Office, the city council and county supervisors, and community stakeholders. Program elements include probation officers riding with police, gang information and data sharing across departments and between city and county, cross- designation of city attorneys and district attorneys, an Unsolved Homicide Investigation and Analysis Unit, gang conditions of probation, witness protection, and a Community Impact Team in which community members and law enforcement officers work together to prioritize and address local problems. The goal of the program is to suppress gang activity and create an infrastructure for reclaiming neighborhoods and restoring resident safety. Operation Streetsweeper (earmark) Grantee: New Hampshire State Police FY99 Funding: $1.5 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The State of New Hampshire and northern New England have seen an increase in the amount of drugs coming from the southern regions of the country. Through interdiction units, the state police has determined that most of these drugs are arriving by vehicle couriers using the interstate highway system. The increase in drug trafficking is attributed to mid- to high-level drug dealers and associates working within the state. Operation Streetsweeper will provide funding for investigative equipment, confidential expenditures, and police overtime to enable the state police to concentrate on major criminal targets that are manpower and resource intensive. Protocols for Law Enforcement and Medical Partnerships Grantee: Police Executive Research Forum FY99 Funds: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The professional activities of law enforcement officers and medical practitioners frequently intersect. Medical practitioners treat crime victims, violent criminals, and illegal drug users and frequently witness emerging trends of strategic importance to law enforcement decision-makers, such as changing trends in substance abuse, weapons used against trauma victims, and demographic shifts in victim populations. The Police Executive Research Forum will research the areas of interrelationship between law enforcement and medical professionals and develop protocols to facilitate partnerships between the two groups. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Police Corps Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $30 million OJP Sponsor: Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education (OPCLEE) Eligibility: College students who agree to work in a state or local police force for at least four years Project Description: The Police Corps is a college scholarship program for students who agree to work in a state or local police force for at least four years. The funds cover education expenses, including tuition, fees, books, supplies, transportation, room and board, and miscellaneous expenses. Police Corps participants are selected on a competitive basis by each state. Students must pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree and possess the necessary mental and physical capabilities and emotional characteristics to be an effective law enforcement officer, be of good character, and demonstrate sincere motivation and dedication to law enforcement and public service. Until September 13, 1999, up to 10 percent of Police Corps candidates may be persons who have had some law enforcement experience and who have demonstrated special potential and dedication to law enforcement. Participants receive up to $7,500 per academic year, with a maximum per student of $30,000. Police agencies that employ Police Corps officers will receive $10,000 per participant for each year of service, or $40,000 for each participant who fulfills the 4- year service obligation. However, police agencies whose average size has declined by more than 2 percent since January 1, 1993, or has laid off officers since that time, are ineligible for this payment. Additional information about this program is available by calling the Department of Justice Response Center at 1-800/421-6770 or on OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/opclee/. Vest Partnership Act of 1998 Grantees: State and local units of government and federally recognized Indian tribal governments FY99 Funding: $25 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: Units of state or local government and Indian tribes that have employees who meet the definition of law enforcement officer provided in the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Act of 1998. Broadly defined, law enforcement officer includes any officer, agent, or employee of a state, unit of local government, or Indian tribe who is authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law, or who is authorized by law to supervise sentenced criminal offenders. This definition includes part-time and full-time officers serving in parole offices, pretrial services, and jails. Project Description: BJA will award funds directly to states (including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands), units of local government, and federally recognized Indian tribes for the purchase of bulletproof vests for law enforcement officers. At least half of program funds will support grants to units of local government with fewer than 100,000 residents. Recipients are required to provide at least 50 percent of the cost of each vest purchased under this program. Indian tribal governments may use other federal funds to provide this match. Civil Disorder Initiative Grantee: Community Research Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Since the St. Petersburg, Florida, riots of October and November, 1996, and other more recent incidents, national organizations and local jurisdictions have sought assistance to update existing contingency plans to respond to and mitigate civil disorders. To determine the need for assistance, DOJ surveyed federal, state, and local public safety and emergency management officials, state police officers standards and training directors, and national organizations. The survey found that these officials believe the majority of jurisdictions have contingency plans and training programs that are neither current nor practical. Accordingly, a Department of Justice Civil Disorder Initiative was created. BJA was tasked to develop a model response plan and model program of instruction to help state and local jurisdictions prepare for and respond to civil disorders. Upon completion of these materials, expected in late summer 1999, BJA will offer the services of technical advisers to jurisdictions seeking to utilize these materials. For more information, contact Gale Farquhar, National Program Division, BJA, at 202/514-8528 or gale@ojp.usdoj.gov. Self-Assessment Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies On Recruitment, Hiring, Training, and Retention of Women in Policing Grantee: National Center for Women in Policing FY99 Funds: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Center for Women in Policing will develop a self-assessment guide that can be used by law enforcement executives, managers, and policy makers to identify strengths and weaknesses in their agencies' policies, procedures, and practices for recruiting, hiring, training, and retaining women police officers. Utah State Olympic Public Safety Command: Strategic Planning for Security for the Salt Lake Olympic Winter Games in 2002 (earmark) Grantee: Utah Department of Public Safety FY99 Funding: $925,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project will supplement the $2 million BJA awarded the Utah Department of Justice Safety in FY 1998 to develop and implement a public safety master plan for the XIX Winter Olympic Games and the VII Paralympic Games. The project is researching prior events, designing a security planning structure, developing a security plan, identifying and obtaining resources, and testing and refining the security plan. The project also will implement the plan during the Games and conduct a follow-up review. Throughout this process, participating local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies will be consulted to ensure that the public safety master plan is coordinated among the various agencies. National Law Enforcement Policy Center Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) FY99 Funds: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Law Enforcement Policy Center establishes model law enforcement policies that can be adopted by law enforcement agencies at the state and local levels and used by law enforcement leaders for guidance and decision-making. The Policy Center also provides tuition-free regional policy development training for law enforcement agencies. For further information, contact Phil Lynn, IACP, at 703/836-6767 or visit IACP's Website at www.theiacp.org. Law Enforcement Facilities Guidelines Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The IACP will continue to serve as the catalyst to bring about successful collaborations among government officials, law enforcement leaders, engineers, architects, contractors, and others involved in the design of police and public safety facilities. The IACP also will develop and support new and comprehensive police facility design guidelines to address technological and philosophical advances in law enforcement. Clandestine Laboratory Enforcement Strategic Planning Training Grantee: Circle Solutions, Inc. FY 99 Funds: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This continuation effort will build on previous phases to provide updated training on a wide range of clandestine laboratory enforcement and cleanup issues. While using core training staff and identifying new instructors, the project will continue to deliver training programs designed to meet the growing needs of State and local agencies in this critical area. Current training programs will be updated and modules will be expanded as needed. Project staff will place a high priority on working closely with State and local agencies in designated High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTAs) to ensure that their specific training needs are identified and addressed. Witness Intimidation Technical Assistance and Training Grantee: Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: State and local law enforcement managers and executives Project Description: This project focuses on the development of model strategies and policies for deterring intimidation of witnesses by criminals and their associates. The program primarily provides support to BJA-funded demonstration sites, with limited assistance to other law enforcement agencies. PERF will also continue to develop a resource document on witness intimidation, conduct field conferences with all of the BJA Witness Intimidation Demonstration sites, provide technical assistance to each demonstration site, and develop a final analytical report of the problem of criminality among protected witnesses. In addition, PERF will provide limited technical assistance to nongrant agencies. For further information, contact Clifford Karchmer, PERF, at 202/466-7820 or visit the PERF Website at www.PoliceForum.org. Rural Crime Prevention and Prosecution Program (earmark) Grantee: Tulare County, California District Attorney's Office FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This model program addresses the special needs of California's rural residents. The program conducts educational activities to encourage farmers and ranchers to register their equipment with the sheriff's office, to inform them of available security systems, and to work with the media and various grassroots organizations to publicize prevention, suppression, and prosecution actions that deter criminals. National Summit on Law Enforcement Response To Victims of Crime Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsors: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), BJA, National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and OJJDP Project Description: The IACP will organize and facilitate a national summit on law enforcement responses to victims of crime. The purpose of this summit is to create a set of recommendations and policy statements that will enhance justice and services for victims of crime. In coordination with OJP, IACP will develop an agenda for the summit to identify promising practices in responding to crime victims, define specific problems hindering the provision of services, and recommend solutions to these problems. Ben Clark Public Safety Training Program (earmark) Grantee: Riverside, California Sheriff's Department FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Ben Clark Training Center is a multidisciplinary public safety training facility. This project will enable the center to improve the curriculum offered to public safety trainees; create a specialist and guest lecturer program; modernize, enhance, and develop educational programs through the purchase and application of simulator, computer, and communications technologies; prepare or modify existing classrooms, auditorium, and scenario training sites for the installation and use of computers and other forms of technology; improve the physical training site with modern training and evaluation equipment; and improve the existing Website outreach program with a more comprehensive and interactive site that will allow students to reserve classes and housing accommodations over the Internet. Public Safety Training Institute (earmark) Grantee: Missouri FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application from the State of Missouri to fund a Public Safety Training Institute. Tools for Tolerance (earmark) Grantee: Simon Wiesenthal Center FY99 Funding: $2 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Simon Wiesenthal Center will host intensive 5-day residential training programs for teams of law enforcement officials from around the country. Most training will take place at its Museum of Tolerance. The programs will have three goals: 1) to use the museum's interactive and experiential learning experiences to help participants examine the dynamics of prejudice and discrimination that lead to hate speech and hate crimes; 2) to help participants examine these topics in the context of their workplaces and daily work; and 3) to identify "tools" for tolerance that can help them more effectively address the changing role of law enforcement in an increasingly diverse workplace and nation. The program will include extensive follow-up, dissemination, and consultation activities to jurisdictions across the United States, and the enhancement of relevant Websites. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Policing Research and Evaluation Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsors: NIJ (with the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services) Project Description: NIJ will seek research and evaluation proposals to build on and consolidate earlier research findings in the area of community policing. Multidisciplinary research efforts that look beyond current practice and focus on creative prevention partnerships--for example, between police and corrections, victims, schools, and the community--are encouraged. Research and evaluation efforts will be solicited in the following areas: community policing evaluations, community policing organizational issues, management, community policing issues related to victims of crime, school safety, police discretion, technology, and collaborative problem-solving strategies between police and community and other organizations. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support (CLEFS) Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1.5 million (Of this, approximately $500,000 will be made available for 5 to 7 research and demonstration projects.) OJP Sponsor: NIJ Eligibility: State and local law enforcement and correctional agencies, and organizations representing law enforcement and/or correctional officers Project Description: Title XXI of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994 charged the Attorney General with the responsibility to make grants to state and local law enforcement agencies to provide family support services. NIJ was designated to implement the portion of the Act pertaining to research, demonstration, evaluation, and dissemination of stress prevention and intervention methods in support of state and local law enforcement, correctional officers, and their families. Beginning in FY 1996, a total of 25 research and demonstration grants, with a value of over $2.3 million, have been awarded in the area of law enforcement family support (LEFS). LEFS awards have been made to police agencies and organizations representing law enforcement in 17 states. In March 1999, NIJ will release a solicitation for research and demonstration programs that fill the gaps in our current portfolio, particularly in the area of correctional officer stress. NIJ also is planning a National Conference on Law Enforcement and Family Support for November 1999. A planning group will be convened to develop the scope and agenda for this conference. The planning group will include representatives from national law enforcement organizations and unions, COPS, BJA, and current LEFS grantees. A separate Program Design Team will also be convened to begin planning a research demonstration program in the area of law enforcement and family support. Finally, as LEFS grantees from FY 1996 and 1997 complete their work, NIJ will publish and disseminate research findings and promising practices. Law Enforcement Management and Statistics (LEMAS) Survey, 1999 Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: $385,000 OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: Working with the COPS Office, BJS will conduct a survey of approximately 3,500 law enforcement agencies. The survey will focus specifically on community policing activities, personnel, operations, and the use of information systems. For More Information In addition to OJP's law enforcement initiatives, another Department of Justice component, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) also provides assistance to law enforcement agencies, primarily for hiring community police officers. For information about COPS funding and other assistance, call the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at 1-800/421-6770 or see COPS' Website at www.usdoj/cops/. BJA's Public Safety Officers' Benefits (PSOB) program provides financial and emotional assistance to the families of public safety officers killed in the line of duty and to officers who are permanently and totally disabled as the result of traumatic injuries sustained in the line of duty. In addition, BJA provides financial support for higher education to the spouses and children of law enforcement officers killed or permanently and totally disabled in the line of duty. For further information about this program, see the BJA Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ or call BJA's Program Benefits Branch at 202/616-9045. Also see Chapter 1 for information on OJP formula grant programs that fund law enforcement initiatives, such as the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program, the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, and the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Grant Program. Other chapters also contain descriptions of programs that assist law enforcement agencies. See Chapter 2 for a description of Weed and Seed and other community-based initiatives with a law enforcement component, Chapter 4 (family violence), Chapter 5 (juvenile justice), Chapter 8 (technology), Chapter 10 (terrorism), and Chapter 13 (technical assistance and training). Information about OJP Websites and other resources is included in Chapter 14. Chapter 10 Countering Terrorism & Ensuring Domestic Preparedness Overview Over the past decade, incidents of international and domestic terrorism, together with intelligence reports projecting the potential for escalating incidents of terrorism in the United States, have led to increased efforts at the federal level to counter terrorist threats and prepare law enforcement and other government officials to better respond in the event of future incidents. With the availability of easily produced chemical and biological agents, nuclear and radiological instruments, and conventional explosives, the potential for incidents involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has mushroomed. Although federal law enforcement, intelligence, and emergency response agencies have been working together for many years to counter terrorism in the United States, state and local agency personnel--the law enforcement officers, fire fighters, emergency medical services personnel, and others who are usually first on the scene after a terrorist incident-- often lack the training, equipment, and other resources they need to effectively respond to terrorist incidents involving WMD. Although assessments of state and local needs related to domestic preparedness are limited, available information points to the following: • a need to better understand the full breadth and variety of first responders who must be prepared; • a need to more fully comprehend the range of types of incidents, as well as different phases of incidents, that require different training and preparation; • a need to better understand the recovery phase demands of services for victims; • a need for improved technology for chem-bio agent identification and explosive detection; • a need for WMD equipment at the state and local level; • a need for improved and increased availability of WMD planning and training for state and local emergency response agencies; • a need for better and more available threat information and dissemination; • a need for improved preparedness by medical practitioners; • a need to address the issue of communications interoperability in responding to WMD incidents; • a need for improved quarantine operations and mass decontamination facilities; and • the need to better assess the nation's ability to completely and accurately document its level of preparedness. In 1998, at the request of the Congress, the Attorney General prepared a 5-year plan outlining the Justice Department's strategy for improving the federal, state, and local response to terrorism. As part of this overall framework, in June 1998, the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) and its national training center, the Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP), were created within OJP. The Center for Domestic Preparedness at Fort McClellan is currently the only facility in the free world where training using live chemical agents is available. CDP provides the kinds of hands-on training state and local first responders need to plan for and respond to incidents involving WMD. OJP has also provided support to a National Domestic Preparedness Consortium for training, which includes Texas A&M, Louisiana State University, the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and the Nevada Test Site, as well as Fort McClellan. In addition, OSLDPS provides funding to help state and local agencies purchase equipment needed to respond to terrorist or catastrophic incidents. A critical part of OJP's mission in the area of counter terrorism and domestic preparedness is to closely coordinate these efforts with the National Security Council (NSC), the Department of Justice's new National Domestic Preparedness Office (NDPO) in the FBI, the FBI's Weapons of Mass Destruction Counter-Terrorism Center, and other federal agencies, including the Department of Defense (DOD), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Department of Energy (DOE). OJP will continue to work together with these agencies, and its partners at the state and local levels, to counter terrorism and ensure domestic preparedness. Other OJP components contribute to the effort to enhance the capabilities of state and local jurisdictions to build, sustain, and institutionalize a comprehensive, coordinated strategy to prevent, deter, effectively respond to, and manage incidents of domestic terrorism. For example, BJA sponsors training for state and local law enforcement officers and prosecutors to increase their understanding of domestic terrorism and the organizations and individuals who commit terrorist acts. NIJ supports the development of counter terrorism technology and equipment, and OVC provides resources for U.S. citizens who are victims of domestic or international terrorism. In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP will build on these efforts to implement a comprehensive program that provides a continuum of assessment, equipment, training, practical exercises, evaluation, and technical assistance to help prepare state and local jurisdictions to more effectively respond to terrorist incidents. OSLDPS and BJA programs to train state and local first responders will continue to address domestic preparedness training shortfalls documented in preliminary assessments. NIJ's ongoing research, development and demonstration efforts to create law enforcement application of counter terrorism technologies that can eliminate inadequacies in screening, detection, and other terrorism defense phases will be continued, together with a special emphasis on standards for developing and testing new counter-terrorism technology. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420. State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Support Program Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $69.5 million OJP Sponsor: Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) Eligibility: The nation's 157 largest cities and counties, as well as states and territories Project Description: Through the State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Support Program, funds will be provided to states and selected metropolitan jurisdictions to procure personal protective, chemical/biological detection, decontamination, and communications equipment. This equipment will enable fire departments, law enforcement agencies, emergency medical services, and hazardous materials response units to enhance their response capabilities in state and local jurisdictions to incidents of domestic terrorism. Fire and Emergency Services Equipment Support Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $16 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Eligibility: Local fire and emergency services agencies Project Description: Funds are provided to local fire departments, hazardous materials response teams, and emergency medical services agencies to purchase personal protective, decontamination, detection, and communications equipment to enhance their capabilities to response to terrorist attacks involving weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, biological, and chemical agents. For further information, contact [OSLDPS - provide]. Fire and Emergency Response Communications Equipment Support Program Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $4 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Eligibility: Local emergency response agencies Project Description: Assistance will be provided to local jurisdictions to address the issue of interoperable radio communications equipment for local emergency response agencies. OSLDPS and NIJ will assist local jurisdictions in improving inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional radio communications. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. State and Local Domestic Preparedness Technical Assistance Program Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $2 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Project Description: Grant funds will provide technical assistance support for state and local, jurisdictions, including first responder agencies, to enable these jurisdictions and emergency response agencies to better respond to WMD incidents. Municipal Fire/Emergency Medical Services Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee: To Be Determined. FY99 Funding: $5 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Project Description: The Municipal Fire and Emergency Medical Services Training and Technical Assistance Program provides no-cost assistance and training to municipal fire and emergency services personnel in state and local jurisdictions. This program will continue to provide state and local fire and emergency medical service personnel with basic training in WMD awareness and incident response and command procedures. Training for State and Local Emergency Response Agencies Grantees: The National Domestic Preparedness Consortium Members: The National Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center; New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; the National Center for Bio-Medical Research and Training, Louisiana State University; the National Emergency Response and Rescue Training Center, Texas A & M University; and the National Exercise, Test and Training Center, Nevada Test Site; and the Center for Domestic Preparedness, Fort McClellan, Alabama FY99 Funding: $20 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Eligibility: The Center for Domestic Preparedness at Ft. McClellan, Alabama will receive $8 million for training and operations. Each of the remaining 4 consortium members will receive $2 million each for training and $1 million each for equipment. Project Description: Funding for the National Domestic Preparedness Consortium will support the cost-effective delivery of training, including situational exercises, to the nation's state and local emergency response community. Training will enhance the capabilities of these jurisdictions and individual agencies to better respond to incidents of domestic terrorism involving chemical and biological agents and radiological and explosive devices. Consistent with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards, training will be conducted at four levels: awareness, operational, technician, and incident commander. State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training Program Grantee: Institute for Intergovernmental Research FY99 Funding: $2 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Project Description: This project will continue to expand delivery of specialized, multi-agency, anti-terrorism preparedness training. The training--along with related research, law enforcement intelligence operational issues development, and technical assistance support activities--will be delivered to state and local law enforcement and prosecution authorities. The project's training initiatives will include executive workshops for law enforcement agency executives and commanders, investigative workshops for state and local law enforcement investigators and intelligence officers, executive briefings for law enforcement executives and command personnel in rural areas, and train-the-trainers seminars. For information about the availability of training, contact Emory Williams, Institute for Intergovernmental Relations, 850/385-0600. Addressing the Needs of Victims of Terrorism Grantee: Interagency Agreement FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: Working with OSLDPS, FEMA, and HHS, OVC will develop capacity at the state and local levels to respond to the needs of victims after a terrorist attack or act of mass violence. This initiative will involve focus groups and regional training on a variety of victim issues, including death notification and crisis response. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Counter Terrorism Technologies Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $10 million OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Project Description: As part of OJP's response to the terrorist threat, NIJ has undertaken an effort to enhance the safety of the public and of law enforcement officials by developing better tools to anticipate, prevent, and recover from terrorist acts. These funds will allow NIJ to capitalize on the investment it has already made in this area by supporting the operational testing and assessment of technologies currently under development by NIJ and other agencies. NIJ will also support new efforts to develop lower cost, most effective tools. Proposed efforts include technology to detect weapons of mass destruction, as well as concealed conventional weapons. This initiative will involve collaboration with OSLDPS, NDPO, the FBI, the Technical Support Working Group, and other federal, state, and local agencies and laboratories. State and Local Domestic Preparedness Needs Assessment Program Grantee: Battelle Memorial Institute FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: OSLDPS Project Description: Funds are supporting an assessment of the needs and capabilities of state and local jurisdictions to fully determine the status of and corresponding need for domestic preparedness assistance throughout the United States. The American Terrorism Study: Patterns of Behavior, Investigation, and Prosecution of American Terrorists Grantee: University of Alabama at Birmingham FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: The project is examining three issues: changes in the behavior and tactics of American terrorist groups, federal investigation and prosecution strategies in light of these changes, and predictors of case outcomes and sentences, using a variety of demographic, ideological/group affiliation, and legal variables. The project also is reviewing federal criminal cases arising from the indictment of persons whom the FBI has investigated for terrorism-related activities from 1990-1999. For More Information For up-to-date information on OSLDPS training, equipment, and other programs, see its Webpage at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/osldps/. Funds from BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program also can be used to support counter terrorism initiatives. In addition, funds from BJA's Local Law Enforcement Block Grants Program can be used to procure law enforcement equipment and to support multijurisdictional task forces. See Chapter 1 for a description of these programs or BJA's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/. For information about other Department of Justice counter terrorism initiatives, see the Website for the FBI's National Domestic Preparedness Office at www.ndpo.com or call 202/324-8186. Chapter 11 Addressing Crime and Justice for American Indians & Alaska Natives Overview Since the formation of the Union, the United States has recognized Indian tribes as sovereign governments that exercise authority over their members and their territories. Through treaties, our nation guaranteed tribal rights to self-government and extended its protection to Indian tribes. Under the federal trust responsibility, the United States has provided felony law enforcement in most of Indian country since the 1880s through the Departments of Interior and Justice. In other areas, Congress delegated authority to states to exercise felony jurisdiction in Indian country. Throughout Indian country, Indian tribes exercise concurrent authority over misdemeanor crimes by Indians. Today, many Indian Nations are experiencing an unprecedented realization of self-governance. However, to sustain this momentum, the continued economic growth of tribal communities and further development of the governing infrastructure are critical. To support tribal efforts, Attorney General Reno is leading the Justice Department in building partnerships at the state, federal, and tribal levels to provide assistance to tribal governments, to enhance tribal judicial systems, and to improve public safety and the quality of life in tribal communities. OJP is committed to working together with Indian tribes to support these endeavors. A critical Department of Justice priority is to assist tribal governments in building comprehensive and effective law enforcement and public safety systems to provide the foundation for healthy communities. While crime rates are falling throughout the rest of the nation, within Indian tribes crime rates are rising. American Indians experience violent crime at a rate that is twice that of the general population. Indian tribes report high rates of domestic violence, child abuse, aggravated assaults, and violent crime strongly correlated with alcohol abuse. Rape and sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault occur at rates that translate into 1 violent crime for every 8 American Indian residents age 12 or older compared to the national average of about 1 violent crime for every 20 residents of that age. Rates of child abuse and neglect, which have been declining among whites and blacks, are up 18 percent in recent years among American Indians. A 1996 report by the Justice Department Inspector General concluded that there is a pervasive lack of reliable crime statistics in Indian country, due primarily to the lack of law enforcement manpower to record crime reports. To address this problem, the Bureau of Justice Statistics has conducted a special analysis using the National Crime Victim Survey and other statistical series on the victimization of American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Aleuts. Findings show that American Indians experience higher rates of violence in every age group and every income group than the national average. From the limited information available, we do know that the pervasive crime problem among American Indians poses unique challenges for all levels of government. At the same time, many Indian tribes suffer from severe economic problems. Forty-nine percent of the Indian adults in Indian country are unemployed. Most Indian tribes have health, social, and economic indicators lower than those in the general population. Education attainment among Indians is also far lower than the national average. In addition, tribes suffer from a lack of resources for law enforcement, tribal courts, prosecutors, and defender and victim services. Because effective law enforcement and public safety are essential elements of healthy communities, tribal governments need to further develop and expand comprehensive tribal justice systems and services to their communities. This work begins with families and schools. OJP is supporting tribal efforts to enhance the safety and protection of Native American women and children. Major support will be provided to tribal governments for juvenile justice efforts and will help tribes ensure the accountability and management of offenders through effective community policing services, criminal investigation, prosecutorial, tribal court, and probation services, as well as detention and alternative sentencing programs. In addition, in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, the Justice Department is promoting effective law enforcement and public safety in Indian communities through the President's Indian Country Law Enforcement Improvement Initiative. In FY 1999, the DOJ will provide $89 million for tribal police officer salaries (through COPS), equipment, training, construction of detention facilities, juvenile justice programs, tribal courts, and federal law enforcement efforts. In concert with this inter-departmental effort, OJP is working with Indian tribes to address crime in Indian country and ensure the safety of tribal communities. OJP and its bureaus and program offices are providing direct and indirect assistance to Indian tribes to ensure that Indian tribes are able to access opportunities and information to strengthen their tribal justice systems. The development of culturally relevant tribal programs will strengthen the institutional capacity of tribal criminal justice systems and enhance the coordination of federal law enforcement efforts in Indian country. At the same time, OJP's American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Office continues to coordinate OJP assistance to tribal communities, consulting with tribal leaders and practitioners through constituency meetings. These meetings have produced vital information on juvenile justice matters, emerging crime research needs, alcohol abuse and crime, and violence against Native women. OJP also works closely with the Justice Department's Office of Tribal Justice and other DOJ components to coordinate programing and other initiatives on tribal affairs. In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP will continue to increase its efforts to channel justice-related resources through discretionary grants and to make existing programs traditionally available to states and local entities more relevant to the needs of tribal governments. OJP will expand programmatic support to enhance the capacity of tribal governments to address issues ranging from violence against women, drug courts, victims services, juvenile justice, comprehensive planning through Weed and Seed, law enforcement services, technology enhancement, tribal courts assistance, and research efforts. Continuation Programs The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. Children's Justice Act Partnerships for Indian Communities (CJA) Grantee: To be selected from FY 1998 applicants FY99 Funding: $1.272 million OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: The CJA program supports Indian communities in developing, establishing, and operating programs to improve the investigation, prosecution, and overall handling of child abuse cases, particularly cases of child sexual abuse, in a manner that increases support for and reduces trauma to child victims. The partnership projects address shortcomings in the tribal criminal justice system and make systemic improvements in the overall response to serious child abuse and child sexual abuse cases on the reservation. In FY 1999, OVC will continue support for eight existing CJA programs and will fund nine new CJA programs in FY 1999 to be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998. Children's Advocacy Centers in Indian Country Grantee: National Network of Children's Advocacy Centers FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This program provides funding through an Interagency Agreement with OJJDP to assist Indian tribes in establishing Children's Advocacy Centers (CACs) in Indian country. The Tulalip Tribe was selected as a demonstration site in 1996 to develop a coordinated strategy to meet the needs of American Indian child victims and the criminal justice system. In FY 1999, OVC will continue the program and support one or more new and/or existing CAC demonstration sites in Indian country. The funding may be used to assist a tribe in enhancing an existing CAC program or to provide technical assistance in establishing a CAC program. No new applications will be solicited in FY 1999. For more information, contact the Western Regional Children's Advocacy Center, 301 West Thirteenth, Pueblo, Colorado 81003. The telephone number is 1-800/582-2203 or 719/543-0380. Tribal Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Programs Grantee: National CASA Association FY99 Funding: $175,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: In addition to funding provided by OJJDP, OVC will provide continuing support to CASA programs in Indian Country. The funding will support four demonstration programs, attendance of CASA staff at the National CASA conference, training and technical assistance, and development of guidelines for all 14 tribal CASA programs. Model Projects for Combating Underage Drinking in American Indian/Alaskan Native Communities Grantee: Indian Rehabilitation, Inc. FY99 Funding: $400,000 OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: The overall goals of the program are to reduce underage drinking by establishing and enhancing efforts by American Indian/Alaskan Native communities, with a special emphasis on prohibiting the sale to or the consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors. The program will also work to increase law enforcement awareness and activity regarding the sale of alcohol to minors in American Indian/Alaskan communities and evaluate the effectiveness of the demonstration projects. During FY 1999, Indian Rehabilitation, Inc. will develop a program model so that grantees will be able to implement the program and modify it to meet specific tribal situations. Four tribal communities will be selected to implement the demonstration program. One site will be an Alaskan village, one a plains tribe, one a Southwest tribe or California rancheria, and one a Southeast or Northwest tribe. For more information, contact Sharie Cantelon at OJJDP, 202/616-3658 or Sharie@ojp.usdoj.gov. Indian Country Triad: A Strategy to Reduce the Victimization of Older Persons in Tribal Communities Grantee: To be selected from FY 1998 applicants FY99 Funding: $25,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: OVC will provide funding for a demonstration program on one Indian reservation under federal criminal jurisdiction. The purpose of this program is to provide a coordinated response to crime against the elderly by adapting the Triad program approach to Indian country. Triad is a joint effort of the American Association of Retired Persons, International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the National Sheriffs' Association to build coordinated services for elderly crime victims. Triad combines the efforts and resources of law enforcement, senior citizens and organizations that represent them, and victim assistance providers. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420. Tribal Court Initiative Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $5 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Eligibility: Federally recognized Indian tribes Project Description: BJA will assist tribal governments in the development, enhancement, and continuing operation of tribal justice systems. These grants will be competitive, based upon the extent and urgency of the need of each applicant, and will be supported with an extensive array of technical assistance. Once a formal plan is submitted to Congress, further information will be made available by BJA. Check BJA's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ for information as it becomes available or call the BJA Clearinghouse toll-free at 1-800/688-4252 to be added to the mailing list for program announcements. Construction of Detention Facilities in American Indian and Native Alaskan Communities Discretionary Grant Program Grantee: Limited competition based on appropriations language FY99 Funding: $34 million OJP Sponsor: Corrections Program Office (CPO) Eligibility: To Be Determined Project Description: The Construction of Detention Facilities in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities Discretionary Grant Program has $34 million available in FY 1999 to construct jails on tribal lands for the incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction. CPO will administer this discretionary grant program in accordance with the Congressional Appropriations Committee Report and the Attorney General's priorities. STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program Grantees: See Below FY99 Funding: $7 million total, divided as follows: $5 million (approximately 50 grants in amounts ranging from $84,000 to $100,000) for federally recognized tribal governments that received grants in FY 1995 and 1997; and $2 million (approximately 20 grants in amounts from $84,000 to $100,000) awarded competitively to other federally recognized tribal governments OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) Project Description: The program's primary purpose is to reduce violence against Indian women. The program assists tribal governments to develop and strengthen the response of tribal justice systems to violence committed against Indian women. The program encourages tribal governments to develop and implement effective strategies tailored to address their unique circumstances in preventing and responding to violent crimes against Indian women, and to develop and enhance services provided to Indian women who are victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. The application kit was distributed in January 1999. Training and technical assistance also will be provided to tribal grantees. This program also is described briefly in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence. Native American Pass-Through Formula Grants Program Grantees: Native American/Native Alaskan organizations and programs FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act specifies that a proportion of each state's Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention formula grant be made available to fund programs for Indian tribes. The Native American Pass-Through Program provides funds to Indian tribes to perform law enforcement functions pertaining to the custody of children. Areas receiving funding include police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime and delinquency; apprehension of criminal and delinquency offenders; and activities of adult and juvenile corrections, probation, or parole authorities. Additionally, Indian tribal grantees must comply with three mandated requirements of the Act: grantees may not detain status offenders in secure detention or correctional facilities, detain or confine juveniles in any institution where they have contact with adult prisoners, or detain or confine juveniles in adult jails or lockups. For more information, contact your state juvenile justice specialist listed on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org. Circles of Care Program Grantee: Center for Mental Health Services FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The Circles of Care Program is a cooperative agreement between OJJDP and the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The program will serve Native Americans with mental health and substance abuse treatment needs by funding six to eight sites for three years to plan and develop systems of care for American Indian youth who are seriously emotionally disturbed and/or substance abusers. Grantees will plan, develop, and implement a system of care that achieves outcomes developed by American Indian, Alaskan Native, or urban nonprofit organizations serving populations of American Indian or Alaskan Native youth. Title V Program: Prevention Incentive Grants for Tribal Youth Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $10 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Eligibility: Federally recognized Indian tribes Project Description: This program provides funds for comprehensive delinquency prevention, control, and system improvement programs for tribal youth who have had or are likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system. For FY 1999, Congress appropriated $10 million for delinquency prevention and juvenile justice system improvements for tribal youth. It has not yet been determined how FY 1999 funds will be allocated and awarded. It is anticipated that tribes will apply to OJJDP for funds via a competitive grant selection process. Up to 10 percent of the appropriation, or $1 million, is available for research, evaluation, and statistics projects in support of this program. Training and technical assistance will also be available to tribal communities on risk-focused prevention models and strategies, early intervention strategies, and graduated sanctions programs. Up to 2 percent of the appropriation, or $200,000, is available for this purpose. Victim Assistance in Indian Country (VAIC) Discretionary Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $1.028 million (approximately 20 grants from $40,000 to $60,000) OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: Federally recognized Indian tribes where federal criminal jurisdiction exists Project Description: The VAIC program creates permanent, accessible, and responsive victim assistance services in Indian country. It provides funding directly to Indian tribes governed by federal criminal jurisdiction to support the establishment of reservation-based victim assistance programs. The full program description will be included in OVC's FY 1999 Application Kit. More information is available on OVC's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/. IHS Medical Forensic Psychologist Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service (IHS) FY99 Funding: $107,393 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: This program will provide support for a mental health/forensic specialist to conduct forensic interviewing, case tracking, case management, and facilitation of the Child Protection Team for Indian child victims of sexual and physical abuse cases on the Wind River Indian Reservation. In collaboration with the Shoshone and Arapaho Tribes, IHS, and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Wyoming, Shoshone and Arapaho tribal prosecutor's office, FBI Riverton Resident Agency, Wind River Police Department, and BIA Law Enforcement Service, OVC will provide supportive services to child victims whose cases may proceed through either federal or tribal court. Training and support services will also be provided to state and local child protection agencies as needed. Demonstration Victim Witness Assistance Program In Indian Country Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: Federally recognized Indian tribes where federal criminal jurisdiction exists Project Description: OVC will provide funding for a 3-year program to establish a demonstration victim witness assistance program in Indian country. FY 1999 funding will be used solely for a planning grant. Upon successful completion of first-year objectives, funding will be continued for an additional two years. The promising practices developed from this program will be available for replication by other tribes. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. STOP Violence Against Indian Women Technical Assistance Grantees: Mending the Sacred Hoop Technical Assistance Project, American Indian Law Center, Inc., and Sacred Circle, a project of Cangleska, Inc. FY99 Funding: $1.2 million OJP Sponsor: VAWO Project Description: VAWO will continue to provide technical assistance to all tribes with active STOP grants. All new and continuation grantees are required to attend a series of technical assistance meetings where they receive guidance on developing a detailed implementation plan. All contractors are Native American experts and leaders in their respective tribal communities and/or disciplines. The goal of the STOP Indian program is to build the capacity of grantees to serve as regional experts, as well as to provide advanced experience in program implementation to their peers, demonstrating exemplary approaches tribal grantees are developing to combat violence against Indian women. In addition, specialized intensive training institutes will be offered to both new and continuation grantees, and specialized materials that serve as the basis for training tribal criminal justice personnel will be produced. Sexual Assault Forensic Training and Equipment Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: Through an Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service (IHS), OVC will provide funding for training and photographic equipment to document forensic exams of child abuse and sexual assault victims at IHS clinics and hospitals in Indian country. The photographic documentation is designed to minimize or prevent transporting Indian child victims, an escort/parent, and an FBI agent or criminal investigator long distances to large urban hospitals in order to conduct and document medical diagnosis of victims in physical or sexual abuse and sexual assault cases. The photographic equipment will enable the attending physician, nurse, or sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) to properly document medical observations and findings, thus minimizing or avoiding repeated colposcope examinations of child victims. Training sessions will be scheduled for attending physicians, nurses, and SANEs in the proper use, application, and maintenance of the equipment. IHS will seek consultation from the Victim Witness Specialist in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia and the Children's Advocacy Center of the Uniformed Services at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Telemedicine Pilot Project Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: Tribal governments, tribal organizations, and facilities that provide medical assistance to crime victims in Indian country Project Description: Through an Interagency Agreement, OVC will provide funding for training and computer software that allows secure/unalterable scanning and transmission of medical and diagnostic images in sexual abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault cases in Indian country. This project is different from the above in that this project will be made available to selected medical clinics or hospitals that do not have an attending physician onsite or must refer their initial medical observations to an expert for a second opinion. This project is also designed to minimize transporting Indian child victims long distances to urban hospitals in order to conduct and document specialized medical diagnosis of victims in child sexual abuse cases. It will minimize repeated forensic sexual assault medical exams and/or colposcope examinations of victims. The project will seek consultation from the Victim Witness Specialist in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia and the Children's Advocacy Center of the Uniformed Services at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Mental Health and Social Services Program Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service FY99 Funding: $25,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: In collaboration with the Indian Health Service, OVC will continue support for two training seminars for child protection and multidisciplinary teams in Oklahoma and Billings, Montana. The seminars will focus on child abuse issues and the development of strategies to address these issues. Tribal and Federal Judges Training Grantee: University of North Dakota, Tribal Judicial Training Institute FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Project Description: OVC will continue its program to provide legal education to tribal and federal judges on the adjudication of child sexual abuse cases occurring in Indian country. The program will provide training on federal procedural law involving the Federal Rules of Evidence, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures, and the Major Crimes Act. Issues of prosecutorial discretion and relevant tribal law regarding child abuse cases will also be covered. This program includes a scholarship component for travel by tribal judges to attend other OVC-sponsored conferences and training workshops on crime victim issues. Juvenile Justice Training and Technical Assistance for Native American/Native Alaskan Communities Grantee: American Indian Development Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: $300,000 OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This program provides training and technical assistance for Native American and Native Alaskan jurisdictions on improved management, information systems, data collection and analysis, assessment, and planning. In addition, this program involves the American Bar Association/OJJDP partnership to address issues related to juvenile defense services and/or pretrial diversion opportunities. Phase One of this activity consists of a juvenile defender services assessment in Native American communities. This information will be used to design a project to address the needs of Native American communities. For more information about this project, contact Bob Hubbard, OJJDP, at 202/616-3567 or Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov. Indian Nations Conference Grantee: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center FY99 Funding: $50,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC, OJJDP, and VAWO (with COPS) Project Description: OJP will sponsor a seventh national conference to train victim assistance personnel and criminal justice professionals on providing services and securing rights for crime victims in Indian country. The conference will bring together service providers, prosecutors, law enforcement officials, judicial personnel, and health and mental health professionals from the tribal, federal, and state levels. The conference will highlight promising practices for serving American Indian victims and will emphasize cooperation and coordination among tribal, federal, and state agencies that preserve the integrity of tribal cultures. A conference resource manual for participants will be prepared to accompany the training. Competitive applications were solicited in FY 1998 and the conference will be held in September 1999. This funding will supplement the FY 1998 grant. For further information, see OVC's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/, or contact Cathy Sanders, OVC, at 202/616-3578 or Cathy@ojp.usdoj.gov. Crime Analysis and Planning Strategies for American Indian and Alaskan Native Communities Grantee: Fox Valley Technical College (FVTC) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This training initiative is designed to assist tribal jurisdictions in developing a comprehensive model for identifying crime risk and assessing its impact. The project's focus is fostering cohesive partnerships and better coordinating law enforcement with other components of the criminal justice system and community. Seven training sessions involving more than 35 tribal governments will have been conducted by the project's end date, March 1999. For more information, contact Edward Krueger, FVTC, at 920/735-2517 or krueger@foxvalley.tec.wi.us. Tribal Strategies Against Violence Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) will continue to provide on- and off-site training and technical assistance to the seven Tribal Strategies Against Violence (TSAV) demonstration sites. In addition, NCPC will produce and distribute a document outlining the successes, challenges, and lessons learned through the TSAV initiative. Alaska Native Technical Assistance and Resource Center Grantee: University of Alaska Anchorage Justice Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: Alaska Native and rural jurisdictions Description of Services: The emphasis of this project is to extend Alaska Native village capability to conduct community analysis and community problem solving. This program will focus on training staff from each participating village in program management, while providing onsite technical support and resource access. As staff assist their own villages, they will learn how to provide similar instruction and technical support to peers in future partnering villages. Over the course of three years, this project will enhance the capacity of 52 rural Alaskan villages. In addition, the grantee, working in partnership with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, will develop and implement a 1-year study to examine the feasibility of establishing a comprehensive mental health and substance abuse treatment program for children and families in Alaska. For further information, E-mail the project director at ayjust@uaa.alaska.edu. Corrections Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: Criminal Justice Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: CPO Eligibility: American Indian and Alaska Native recipients of CPO construction grants Project Description: CPO is developing a comprehensive technical assistance program that includes workshops, training, and site-specific assistance for American Indian and Alaskan Natives on policy and operational issues related to the effective implementation of its grant programs. Technical assistance is available to substance abuse practitioners and to tribal officials responsible for making policy decisions related to corrections, and for developing and implementing programs related to CPO grants. CPO established a toll-free Technical Assistance Line (1-800/848-6325), which can be used to request assistance. Technical assistance available from CPO is generally provided without charge to a requesting agency. The schedule for CPO conferences, workshops, and training sessions can be accessed on the Internet at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo. Training and Technical Assistance for Children's Justice Act Partnerships for Indian Communities Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: American Indian/Alaskan Native organizations or educational institutions with expertise in providing nationwide training and technical assistance to grantees in Indian country, including training in victims issues Project Description: This program will provide funding to continue skills-building training and technical assistance to Children's Justice Act (CJA) grantees to help them successfully implement their projects. The program will assess the needs of grantees and develop plans to meet those needs; provide onsite and telephonic technical assistance to both new and continuing grantees; and produce written papers, bulletins, monographs, and other information to assist child victims in Indian country. The program will also support a post-awards conference for CJA grantees. Training and Technical Assistance for Victim Assistance in Indian Country (VAIC) Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: American Indian/Alaskan Native organizations or educational institutions with expertise in providing nationwide training and technical assistance to grantees in Indian country, including training in victims issues Project Description: This project provides comprehensive, skills-building training and technical assistance to tribal grantees of the Victim Assistance in Indian Country program. It will focus on direct services to crime victims and also provide funding to organize a post-award conference for VAIC grantees. Issues Report on Victims' Rights in Indian Country Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: American Indian and Alaskan Natives tribes and tribal organizations Project Description: This program will develop an issues report on victims' rights in Indian country. The grantee will examine what rights have been established by various tribes and the barriers to implementing victims rights in Indian country. The targeted audience for the report will be Indian leaders. Post-Rape Stress Video for Indian Country Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $75,000 OJP Sponsor: OVC Eligibility: American Indian and Alaskan Native organizations, educational and health institutions, and video production companies. The recipient must have expertise on staff or be able to coordinate with an expert grounded in post-rape stress issues. Project Description: This program will fund the development of an Indian-specific video on post-traumatic stress as a result of rape and sexual assault. The primary purpose of the program is to describe a standardized hospital-based video intervention incorporating modeling of medical exam procedures, as well as psycho-education and instruction designed to reduce acute and longer term post-rape distress. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Indian Country Research and Statistical Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: To Be Determined. OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and CPO Project Description: Research projects on crime and justice issues in Indian country are planned in a number of areas for FY 1999. For example, under this project, NIJ and CPO will facilitate partnerships between researchers and practitioners to examine issues relating to American Indian and Alaska Natives in areas such as: the relationship between alcohol, substance abuse, and crime; the effectiveness of culturally appropriate programming and intermediate sanctions for adults and youth under tribal jurisdiction; culturally appropriate sanctioning approaches; and the role of the tribe and extended family in tribal justice administration, sanctions, and intervention. Violence Against Women Issues Facing Native Women Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $500,000 for five or six awards of up to $100,000 each OJP Sponsor: NIJ and VAWO Eligibility: Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and profitmaking organizations that are willing to waive their fees. Where appropriate, special eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations. Project Description: In collaboration with VAWO, NIJ is soliciting proposals for research on violence against women among Indian tribes. Grants will be awarded in conjunction with the STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program. The STOP program encourages tribal governments to develop and implement effective strategies to address their unique circumstances in responding to violent crimes against Indian women, and to develop and enhance services provided to Indian women who are victims of violent crimes. Proposals are encouraged for qualitative or quantitative research studies aimed at improving our understanding of violence against women in tribal communities. Technical Resource Committee for the University of Arizona STOP Violence Against Indian Women Evaluation project Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: A technical resource committee to enhance the impact evaluation of the STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program will be supported. The purpose of the evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of tribal programs aimed at reducing violence against women. For More Information In addition to the Indian-specific programs described in this chapter, Indian tribes and tribal organizations are also eligible to apply for direct assistance through other OJP programs as organizations, nonprofits, local units of government, or public agencies. Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and tribal individuals (for research activities) are encouraged to apply for available funds listed in this chapter and elsewhere throughout the Program Plan. Additionally, Indian tribes are eligible to apply for subgrants from OJP formula grant funds awarded to state agencies. OJP formula grant programs are described in Chapter 1. Native American communities also are eligible to access much of the training and technical assistance described in Chapter 13, and apply for Official Recognition as a Weed and Seed site (see Chapter 2). Also see Chapter 3 for a description of training and technical assistance available to tribal drug courts. Many Indian tribes continue to build on their coordinated community responses by applying for either technology or additional police officers through the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies program (see Chapter 4) and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants program (see Chapter 1). Some tribes are beginning to address the link between domestic violence and child abuse with funds through the Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement program (see Chapter 4). Tribes have also accessed juvenile justice mentoring programs and worked with the National Court Appointed Special Advocates to further develop court appointed special advocates projects in tribal communities (see Chapter 5). Guidance is available from OJP's American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Office by calling 202/616-3205 or accessing the Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/aian. Information on OJP funding programs also is available by calling the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at 1- 800/421-6770. Additional resources are described in Chapter 14, For More Information. Chapter 12 Supporting Innovation in Adjudication Overview The challenge of dispensing justice in today's crime control environment has prompted new strategies in adjudicating offenders. These approaches reflect a renewed emphasis on ensuring public safety and offender accountability, while, at the same time, improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the adjudication process. Today's most innovative approaches to adjudicating offenders build on the problem-solving strategy pioneered in community policing to involve prosecutors and court officials in working more closely and strategically with their communities. In many jurisdictions today, prosecutors are working with law enforcement and other justice and service agencies, as well as with community residents themselves, to ensure coordination, information-sharing, and problem-solving strategies focusing on overall improvement of the community environment. New initiatives--such as drug courts, restorative justice, teen courts, and community prosecution-- are in place in many states' justice systems. These innovations thrive and depend on partnerships that involve the community, justice agencies, and targeted service providers in a unified approach to preventing crime and delivering appropriate justice services and sanctions. Within the justice system, several jurisdictions have formed adjudication partnerships involving the courts, prosecution, and public defenders working on coordinated, interagency efforts to address existing problems with existing resources. The formation of these new alliances has emphasized the need for rethinking case processing policies and related information-sharing practices, integrating data systems, and establishing communication networks to ensure that community safety goals are realized. In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP is committing technical assistance resources to continue and expand training resources for judges, prosecutors, and public defenders; support innovative justice program models; and focus attention on emerging issues in enhancing juvenile and criminal justice statutes. National reporting systems administered through BJS and OJJDP will receive funding to update information on the organization, work, and trends of juvenile and criminal courts in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. In partnership with BJA, BJS will implement a national-level data collection program to measure the way in which states and localities provide legal services for indigent defendants. Crimes against the elderly is the subject of a new BJA grant program. OJJDP will continue providing technical assistance to help juvenile and family court systems to improve the handling of child abuse and neglect cases. NIJ is developing a research agenda that will examine the impact of specialized courts on the entire court system; the effect of programs to increase public understanding of the court system; the impact of innovative procedures addressing the needs of juveniles being waived into the adult court system; and technology's impact on courtroom procedures and public access to litigation. OVC is funding the development of information and training materials on victim-related issues for juvenile court personnel and probation staff use in improving services to victims of juvenile offenders. These initiatives are described in this chapter. A major initiative also is planned to assist state and local governments in the design and operation of justice integrated information systems. This initiative is described in Chapter 8, Enhancing Technology's Use In Addressing Crime. New Programs Funding for the following programs will be available as noted. For information about individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420. Community Prosecution Grant Program Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $5 million OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Eligibility: To Be Determined Project Description: In FY 1999, under the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services' (COPS), Congress appropriated $5 million to be used for pilot community prosecution programs. Funds will support efforts to plan, implement, or enhance community prosecution programs. OJP is funding the program, which will be managed by BJA. OJP is developing program guidelines and application material, including eligibility requirements for this program, which should be available in late March 1999. As it becomes available, further information will be posted on OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov. Strategies for Community Prosecution Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $85,000 each OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: State, local, and tribal public prosecutor offices. Project Description: BJA solicited proposals in FY 1998 from state, local, and tribal public prosecutor offices to develop long-term, proactive strategies involving a partnership among the prosecutor's office, law enforcement, the community, and public and private organizations in which the authority of the prosecutor's office is used to solve problems and improve public safety. In FY 1999, BJA will make awards to those submissions selected through peer and BJA staff review. Strategies for Developing Community Courts Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $225,000 each OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: State, local, and tribal courts and units of government. Project Description: In FY 1998, BJA solicited proposals from state, local, and tribal courts and units of government to develop community courts that are linked directly to the communities they serve, that focus on problem solving, and that respond immediately in each case with appropriate sanctions and assistance. In FY 1999, BJA will make awards to those submissions selected through peer and BJA staff review. Emerging Issues in Indigent Defense Management and Technology Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $80,000 each OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: State, local, and tribal indigent defense offices. Project Description: BJA solicited proposals in FY 1998 from state, local, and tribal indigent defense offices to improve case management practices and build capacity to access technology. Applicants were invited to submit concept papers under two broad categories: (1) improving case management and (2) training. Improving case management may include, but is not limited to, early entry into cases, expanding defender resources, expediting the assessment and disposition of cases, and increasing client access to social services. Priority will be given to proposals that fund training addressing emerging technology and evidentiary aids such as DNA testing. In FY 1999, BJA will make awards to those submissions selected through peer and BJA staff review. The Justice Project Grantee: Fund for the City of New York FY99 Funding: $500,000 OJP Sponsor: Various OJP components Project Description: The Center for Court Innovation will help develop and shape a national conversation about the impact of problem-solving roles among criminal justice practitioners. A group of experts, including judges, court administrators, law professors, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and others will be convened to provide input and help guide the project. Public discussions will be held at selected law schools around the country. These discussions will be documented and broadly disseminated. Telemarketing Fraud Against the Elderly Grantee: Competitive FY99 Funding: $450,000 (for 3 to 5 grants) OJP Sponsor: BJA Eligibility: State and local prosecutors and investigators Project Description: BJA is soliciting proposals from state and local prosecutors and investigators with an established protocol to assist victims of financial crimes to serve as demonstration sites for a collaborative, multijurisdictional approach to prosecuting and preventing telemarketing fraud and other scams targeting the elderly. Selected sites will demonstrate their ability to coordinate efforts among investigators, prosecutors, private-sector partners, and others to identify and shut down fraudulent telemarketing schemes and enhance prevention efforts. These sites will work with the Telemarketing Fraud Training Task Force--which comprises the National Association of Attorneys General, the American Prosecutors Research Institute, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the American Association of Retired Persons--to enhance current enforcement, prosecution, and prevention efforts. The experiences of the selected sites will be documented and assessed for possible replication in other jurisdictions. Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. Adjudication System Technical Assistance Project Grantee: American University FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: In partnership with the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, the Pretrial Services Resource Center, and the Justice Management Institute, American University will continue to provide technical assistance to state and local criminal courts and to other adjudication systems, such as pretrial and defense. This technical assistance will include onsite consultation to individual courts and jurisdictions by senior practitioner experts drawn from the national adjudication system community and from senior staff of the consortium organizations; self-help workshops for judicial system representatives on topics of common interest; publication of best- practice guides on topics of importance to judicial system planning and operations; and office- based assistance provided by senior staff of the consortium organizations. For further information, see the Website at www.american.edu/justice. Community Prosecution Technical Assistance Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) will build on the training and technical assistance developed in previous grant periods to enhance its documents and workshops serving prosecutors interested in planning and implementing community prosecution programs. Funding also will be provided to at least three demonstration sites to support the planning and implementation of community prosecution programs. APRI will document the progress of the site visits and report its findings through its various national publications. Community Court Technical Assistance Grantee: Center for Court Innovation FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Description of Services: Under this project, the Center for Court Innovation provides assistance in developing a community court. Located in neighborhoods rather than centralized office complexes, community courts take an aggressive approach to solving neighborhood problems such as vandalism, landlord-tenant disputes, juvenile delinquency, drug trafficking. Staff at the Center for Court Innovation answer questions about community courts, provide information and practical tools, lead tours of the Midtown Community Court the first community court in the nation and offer individualized planning support. For further information see the Website at www.communitycourts.org or call the Center for Court Innovation at 212/373-8098. Assessment and Enhancement of Indigent Defense Services Grantee: National Legal Aid and Defender Association FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project will help state and local indigent defense organizations improve the management of drug and violent crime cases. NLADA will develop and distribute comprehensive evaluation instruments for the project's onsite training and various technical assistance initiatives. The results of the training will be analyzed to improve and expand future technical assistance to the defender community. NLADA will also begin an in depth study of defender caseloads and workloads that will be an important resource for updating caseload standards. For more information, see NLADA's Website at www.nlada.org. Assistance to Indigent Defense: Strengthening Defender Management Grantee: Vera Institute of Justice FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project seeks more active participation of defender managers in criminal justice system policy development and planning. The Vera Institute of Justice will deliver training and technical assistance to defender managers across the country to give them the skills and knowledge to actively participate in system-wide policy development and planning. This project will support three weekend-long executive seminars for 100 defender mangers, training modules for statewide workshops, post-training video conferences on emerging issues, and at least three issue briefs. The project complements the training and technical assistance currently offered by the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association, the American Bar Association, American University, and The Spangenberg Group. Computer Crimes Project Grantee: National Association of Attorneys General FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) will assist state attorneys general in examining computer crimes and advanced computer technology systems used to commit computer crimes. NAAG will undertake a variety of activities to facilitate communication and cooperation among the states in establishing new computer crime units. Suffolk University Law School Juvenile Justice Center Grantee: Suffolk University Law School FY99 Funding: $1.3 million OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Project Description: The Suffolk University Law School Juvenile Justice Center works to improve the quality of legal representation provided to juveniles charged with crimes in designated Boston area courts. To achieve this goal, the center will provide three types of services: direct, comprehensive legal representation by staff and student attorneys; substantive and procedural training for the juvenile defense bar; and a program of outreach into community youth programs and schools. The Juvenile Justice Center also will establish important linkages with relevant community organizations and agencies to further promote the comprehensive legal representation of juveniles. Juvenile Justice Prosecution Unit Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project aims to increase and improve prosecutor involvement in juvenile justice. It assembles and disseminates program information and research findings to prosecutors, and conducts a continuing needs assessment by a working group of experienced prosecutors on district attorney requirements in the juvenile justice area. This project also develops and presents specialized training seminars for elected and appointed district attorneys and for juvenile unit chiefs on prosecutor leadership roles in the juvenile justice system and clarification or resolution of important juvenile justice issues. Youth Court-An Intensive Training and Technical Assistance Delivery Program Grantee: To Be Determined FY99 Funding: $400,000 (including $50,000 from the U.S. Department of Education) OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Youth courts typically handle alcohol and minor drug offenses involving juveniles. These programs are designed to prevent delinquency by holding young people accountable for their delinquent and criminal behavior by enforcing constructive sanctions in the peer group and in the community. This project will provide intensive training and technical assistance to strengthen existing youth court designs and to support the development of new youth courts based on effective design models. OJJDP is collaborating with the United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of New York and the Departments of Transportation, Education, and Health and Human Services to enhance the delivery of training and technical assistance. Development of Caseload Standards for Prosecutors Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This funding will continue the development and implementation of caseload standards for prosecutors which will help prosecutors make personnel and resource allocations. The project will also develop a workload assessment guide that can be applied in jurisdictions throughout the United States. A comprehensive background examination of the issues and problems associated with establishing caseload standards for local prosecutors will be conducted. The project will offer comparisons of prosecutor's office and individual caseloads from selected jurisdictions across the country that should provide a meaningful workload assessment and budgeting tool. Urban Court Managers Network Grantee: Justice Management Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project enhances the ability of a key group of justice system practitioners, court administrators in America's urban trial courts) to serve as catalysts for taking action on promising innovations such as community courts, court-monitored drug testing and treatment referrals, domestic violence programs, and delay reduction initiatives. Behind Closed Doors: Improving Jury Deliberations Grantee: American Judicature Society FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The American Judicature Society (AJS) will promote and market the Jury Deliberation Guidebook to various court jurisdictions and professional organizations so that the importance and usefulness of providing guidance to jurors before they begin deliberations can be demonstrated. The project will conduct impact studies and make presentations to selected jurisdictions, judicial conferences, and to the ABA annual meeting. AJS also will develop a CD- ROM for distribution to state judicial education centers. Statewide Magistrate Information System Grantee: North Carolina Administrative Office of the Courts FY99 Funding: $10 million (Transfer from COPS) OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This project continues and enhances the activities of a grant to support the installation and training of a statewide automated magistrate system. The project will provide software and licenses for all of North Carolina's 100 counties and hardware for six counties. The automated magistrate system will provide every magistrate with the technology to immediately enter magistrate orders into the statewide criminal justice information system and to instantly access real-time defendant information on prior offenses, court supervision, and bond status. (See also Chapter 8, Enhancing Technology's Use in Addressing Crime.) Judicial Education and Training (earmark) Grantee: National Judicial College FY99 Funding: $1 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This award is a supplemental grant to continue the National Judicial College's training for state and local trial judges. Training supported by this grant will cover issues related to community courts, tribal courts, courtroom technology, and state court responses to the federal habeas corpus rules. A limited number of scholarships also are provided under the grant. For further information, see the National Judicial College's Website at www.judges.org. Pretrial Justice Institute Development Grantee: Pretrial Services Resource Center FY99 Funding: $100,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The Pretrial Services Resource Center (PSRC) will continue to develop a Pretrial Justice Institute that will provide training to criminal justice decision makers on technology, program practices, and legal issues. As part of the project, PSRC will convene a regent board to generate a pilot curriculum for the Institute. Advocacy Training (earmark) Grantee: Interagency Transfer to the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) FY99 Funding: $4.5 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This interagency transfer will support the participation of the National District Attorney's Association in legal education and advocacy training at the National Advocacy Center in Columbia, South Carolina. Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children: A National Training and Technical Assistance Project Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This national judicial training project works to prevent unnecessary out-of-home placement of abused and neglected children, safely reunify families of children already in care, ensure permanent adoptive placement of children already in care, and secure permanent adoptive homes when family reunification is not possible. The project works closely with the National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association and other national organizations. Project goals are accomplished through judicial and interdisciplinary training and technical assistance on federal laws relating to this issue at 10 state and 5 national conferences. For more information, see the NCJFCJ Website listed above. See Chapter 4 for other programs that focus on child abuse and neglect issues. Model Court -Improving the Juvenile and Family Courts' Handling of Child Abuse and Neglect Cases, Phase II Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges FY99 Funding: $1.9 million OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Funding will support the fourth year of a national initiative to implement model approaches and programs to enable juvenile and family court systems to improve the handling of child abuse and neglect cases. The model programs and approaches documented by the grantee will: • improve cooperation among juvenile and family courts, child welfare systems, and related agencies to avoid duplication of resources and prevent further victimization of children; • ensure complete and equitable hearings for every child victim at all stages of court proceedings involving abuse or neglect; • institute "reasonable efforts" to safely prevent placement of children and to rehabilitate and reunite families whenever possible; • ensure timely processing of termination of parental rights adoptive placements for children unable to return to their homes; • provide training and technical assistance to judicial personnel, attorneys, and other key juvenile and family court practitioners to achieve expedient yet thorough adjudication of child abuse and neglect cases; and • reform administrative procedures in juvenile and family courts, including improved data collection, streamlined and expedited case processing, and better communication among the dependency, juvenile, and criminal justice systems. Child Abuse Prosecution Training and Technical Assistance Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project supports programs of the National Center for the Prosecution of Child Abuse (NCPCA). A major center goal is to improve the quality of child abuse prosecutions by assisting elected or appointed prosecutors at the local, state, and federal levels. The center's major services to prosecutors include training, technical assistance, and publications in the subject area. Other programs and projects that focus on child abuse and neglect issues are described in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence. Investigation and Prosecution of Parental Abduction Cases Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: The project's purpose is to improve the investigation and prosecution of parental abduction cases by heightening the awareness of prosecutors and law enforcement agents of the complexity and severity of parental kidnaping. APRI staff provide technical assistance, develop training programs, and produce publications related to the investigation and prosecution of parental kidnaping. The project provides current information, case law, statutes, literature, research, referrals, and investigative and trial tactics to prosecutors and law enforcement officials; develops and presents training to professionals; and produces and disseminates written or multimedia materials about parental kidnaping. Parental Kidnaping and Trial Advocacy Skill Development Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) FY99 funding: $350,000 OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: Under this grant, APRI conducts joint training programs for state and federal prosecutors to increase awareness and understanding of issues, problems, legal barriers, and effective practices related to the prosecution of parental kidnaping cases. For further information, see APRI's Website at www.ndaa.org/apri/apri/html. Technical Assistance to Juvenile Courts Grantee: National Center for Juvenile Justice FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project provides technical assistance based on the needs of the practitioner in the field. The project responds to requests from the field, implements special initiatives that respond to deficits in the field, and maintains an automated database and resource center of research and reference materials. For more information, see NCJJ's Website at www.ncjj.org. Juvenile and Family Court Training Project Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ) FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project provides training for judges, hearing officers, and juvenile and family court personnel on delinquency, child abuse, neglect, and dependency issues. Training and technical assistance also focuses on alcohol and other drug-related issues and disproportionate minority confinement. An academic master's degree is available for judges completing all program and examination requirements. For more information, see the NCJFCJ Website at www.ncjfcj.unr.edu/index/html. Juvenile Court Response to Victims of Juvenile Offenders Grantee: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges FY99 Funding: $150,000 OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) Project Description: This project is developing information and training materials on victim- related issues for juvenile court personnel and probation staff to improve services to victims of juvenile offenders. In the continuation phase of the project, the grantee will use newly developed materials to provide intensive training and technical assistance to three to five juvenile court jurisdictions at the regional, state, or local levels. The grantee will also disseminate information about the project and its products and provide limited technical assistance to additional court jurisdictions. Telemarketing Fraud Against the Elderly Technical Assistance and Training Grantees: NAAG, APRI, the American Association of Retired Persons Foundation, and the National White Collar Crime Center FY99 Funding: $2 million OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: This award will continue BJA's support of a consortium of prevention, education, and prosecution projects aimed at thwarting fraudulent telemarketers preying on senior citizens. A major component of the project is the State/Local Telemarketing Fraud Training Task Force, a multi-agency committee led by the National Association of Attorneys General that includes the National District Attorneys Association through the American Prosecutors Research Institute, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the American Association of Retired Persons Foundation. Project goals are to broaden criminal and civil enforcement efforts by increasing the number of state and local telemarketing prosecutions; coordinate statewide and local investigations and prosecutions; enhance technical and case preparation assistance for state and local prosecutors; and increase U.S.-Canadian cooperation to reduce the cross-border flow of telemarketing fraud. Home Improvement Fraud Against Seniors Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) will continue to enhance the ability of local prosecutors to protect senior citizens from home improvement fraud through increased prosecution, prevention, and public awareness. APRI will revise and update the National District Attorneys Association economic crimes fraud manual to assist prosecutors and professionals in the prosecution of home improvement fraud. In addition, APRI will conduct a survey of local prosecutor offices with economic crime units to gather information on prosecutor practices to counter home improvement fraud; conduct a networking and training workshop to enable local prosecutors and other professionals to learn about opportunities for cooperation with other organizations; and create a professional support and mentoring network for local prosecutors. National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws Grantee: National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws FY99 Funding: $1 million (transfer from ONDCP and the Department of the Treasury) OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: The grantee will continue to educate state policy makers on the 42 Model State Drug Laws developed by the President's Commission for Model State Drug Laws by supporting at least six statewide Model State Drug Law conferences. The Alliance will also act as a resource center to states interested in identifying legislative and program improvements in drug abuse reduction and prevention. For further information, contact Sherry Green, National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws, 703/836-6100. Research and Statistical Programs The following describes both current and new initiatives. National Survey of Indigent Defense Systems Grantee: National Opinion Research Center FY99 Funding: $350,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Project Description: In partnership with BJA, BJS will implement (over three years) a national- level data collection program to measure the way in which states and localities provide legal services for indigent defendants, their caseload levels, and related costs, policies, and practices. Court-appointed legal representation plays a critical role in the nation's justice system. Much has changed over the past decade as states and local defender systems rely more on contract and private services. The National Indigent Defense Survey will assist in developing a better understanding of the changing nature of public defender services in the United States. National Judicial Reporting Program Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: The National Judicial Reporting Program, conducted every 2 years, surveys a nationwide sample of felony trial courts in collecting detailed information on demographic characteristics of felons, conviction offenses, type of sentences, sentence lengths, and amount of time from arrest to conviction and sentencing. State Court Processing Statistics Grantee: Pretrial Services Resource Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: State Court Processing Statistics (SCPS) provides data on the criminal justice processing of persons charged with felonies in 40 jurisdictions representative of the 75 largest counties. These counties account for about half the serious crime nationwide. The program tracks felony defendants from charging by the prosecutor until disposition of their cases or for a maximum of 12 months. Data are obtained on demographic characteristics, arrest offense(s), criminal justice status at time of arrest, prior arrests and convictions, bail and pretrial releases decisions, court appearance record, rearrests while on pretrial release, type and outcome of adjudication, and type and length of sentence if convicted. State Court Statistics Project Grantee: State Justice Institute and the National Center for State Courts FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: The State Court Statistics Project provides data on state appellate and trial court caseloads for the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Information is reported on case type, case filings, case processing, disposition, and appellate opinions. Data on state appellate caseloads are divided into mandatory and discretionary cases. Data on trial court caseloads include information about criminal cases, nondomestic civil cases, domestic cases, juvenile cases, and cases involving traffic or other ordinance violations. Federal Justice Statistics Program Grantee: The Urban Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJS Project Description: The Federal Justice Statistics series provides annual data on workload, activities, and case outcomes in the federal criminal justice system. Information is reported on all aspects of processing in the federal justice system, including the number of persons investigated, prosecuted, convicted, incarcerated, sentenced to probation, released pretrial, and under parole or other supervision; initial prosecution decisions; referrals to magistrates; court dispositions; sentencing outcomes; sentence length; and time served. In 1997 BJS expanded the Federal Justice Statistics Program to include statistics describing the processing of civil cases of the federal courts, including tort trials and civil rights petitions filed by federal and state inmates. The data are available for online analysis through the BJS Internet site at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court Grantee: Florida Juvenile Justice Accountability Board FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This study is exploring the impact of 1994 changes in Florida law by contrasting transfer policies, practices, and sentencing in 1993 with those in 1995. Post-sentencing recidivism of 400 juveniles transferred to criminal court in 1993 will be examined. Detailed data on the role of the offender in the commission of the offense; involvement with gangs, guns, and drugs; and prior offense histories also will be collected. In addition, recidivism among youth transferred to adult court will be compared with youth handled by the juvenile justice system. Process and Outcome Evaluation of Prosecutorial Waiver to Criminal Court in Virginia Grantee: S. Sridharan and Lynett Greenfield FY99 Funding: $194,803 OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and OJJDP Project Description: This study is evaluating the relationship between Virginia's statutes allowing juveniles to be transferred to adult court with patterns of juvenile violent crime in recent years. The study will attempt to answer three questions: 1) What community risk factors explain changes in juvenile violent crime rates in Virginia from 1991 through 1996? 2) What factors do prosecutors and judges consider relevant in transferring juveniles to adult court? 3) Do these juveniles receive substantially different sentences than do similarly situated juveniles sentenced in juvenile court? The Competence-Related Abilities of Juveniles Prosecuted in Criminal Court Grantee: Jenine Boyd, University of South Florida FY99 Funding: $18,170 (Graduate Research Fellowship) OJP Sponsor: NIJ Project Description: Traditionally, mental retardation or mental illness has been the basis for adult defendants' incompetence to proceed to trial. However, juveniles' competence also may be questioned because of the defendant's age and "normal immaturity," even if the defendant is not intellectually deficient and does not have significant psychopathy. This study will examine and compare the competence-related abilities of juveniles prosecuted in criminal court with those of adult defendants, specifically abilities involving understanding, appreciation, and reasoning. The Use of Risk Assessment in Achieving Accountability-Based Sanctions Grantee: Rosemary C. Sarri, University of Michigan FY99 Funding: $199,824 OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP Project Description: The research is examining how judicial and correctional officials use (and how useful they find) risk assessment/needs classification for establishing accountability-based sanctions for juvenile offenders. Under such sanctions, juveniles are punished with increasing severity for each delinquent or criminal act or violation of probation. The project will also consider the use of risk assessment at the county level, because the most critical decisions take place there. The four project goals are to: 1) assess the policies, practices, and decisions that result in placement of juveniles in juvenile and/or adult residential facilities; 2) identify the correlates of placement/sentencing decisions; 3) identify policies and practices that improve accountability in placement decisions; and 4) identify similarities and differences among states in utilization of risk assessment in placement/sentencing decisions. Evaluation of Teen Courts Grantee: The Urban Institute FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Project Description: This project is measuring the effect of handling young, relatively non-serious law violators in teen courts, rather than in traditional juvenile or family courts. Researchers are collecting data on several dimensions of program outcomes, including post-program recidivism, changes in teens' perceptions of justice, and their ability to make more mature judgments. Analyses of these data will be used to compare youth handled in at least three different types of teen courts with youth processed by the traditional juvenile justice system. The study will also evaluate the teen court programs, exploring legal, administrative, and case processing factors that affect the ability of the programs to achieve their goals. Pretrial Survey Grantee: National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies and Pretrial Services Resource Center FY99 Funding: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: BJA Project Description: Working in partnership with BJS and the National Institute of Corrections, BJA will sponsor a national survey focusing on bail decision making. The survey, which will be developed by the National Association of Pretrial Services and the Pretrial Services Resource Center, will examine how pretrial services programs collect and use data when making release decisions, specifically whether supervision is being offered as a local option. The results of the survey will be compared with those of surveys published by the Department of Justice in 1979 and 1989. For More Information Several funding sources within OJP can be tapped to link the programmatic and infrastructure elements of innovative adjudication strategies, including the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Formula Grant program, the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants program, and the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant program. See Chapter 1 for a description of these programs. Initiatives to enhance the prosecution of violence against women cases are described in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence. Also see Chapter 13 for additional training and technical assistance and Chapter 14 for descriptions of other OJP resources. To access BJS adjudication data, see the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Chapter 13 Supporting State & Local Efforts Through Technical Assistance & Training Overview While the preceding chapters describe the major research, statistical, demonstration, and other grant programs that OJP plans to support in Fiscal Year 1999, this chapter focuses on technical assistance and training opportunities being offered by OJP. Specifically, this chapter describes technical assistance (TA) and training resources that are available to the field--not just OJP grantees. The technical assistance and training described in the preceding chapters are generally limited to OJP grantees. For example, see Chapter 2, Empowering Communities to Address Crime, for technical assistance for Weed and Seed sites, and Chapter 3, Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse and Crime, for technical assistance for OJP-funded drug courts. Training and TA specifically designed for tribal jurisdictions is described in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in Indian Country. An effort has also been made to organize available technical assistance and training by topic, with the more general assistance available to criminal justice agencies at the end of this chapter. However, because of the overlap in so many areas, those interested in obtaining assistance are encouraged to review the entire chapter, as well as the training and TA programs described in the other Program Plan chapters. In an effort to make the information more useful, the format for each project here is also somewhat different from the other chapters. Over the past few months, OJP has been in the process of reviewing its technical assistance programs and how TA is delivered to the field in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of OJP programming, and to reduce duplication and delay. This process has involved a series of focus groups aimed at gaining a better understanding of how technical assistance is currently being delivered and received, and to learn from the variety of experiences, structures, and methods currently employed to meet technical assistance needs. So far, our review has demonstrated the need to both simplify access to OJP's myriad of TA resources and to more broadly disseminate information about the range and type of TA resources available to the field. As we continue to move forward on addressing this issue, we hope that the information in this chapter--as well as in the Program Plan overall--will be helpful. General Criminal Justice Technical Assistance/Training To assist criminal justice programs being developed by state, local, and tribal criminal justice practitioners, BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program provides a full range of training and technical assistance support. Assistance includes a broad range of training programs and funding, scholarships, and travel expenses for state and local criminal justice system employees. Additionally, BJA provides direct assistance on an ongoing basis for training and technical assistance to address needs as they emerge. Currently, training and technical assistance initiatives are offered in the areas of prevention, law enforcement, adjudication, supervision services, and technological improvement. State and Local Training and Education Assistance Program Grantee/Contractor: State Administrative Agencies for Byrne Formula Grant and Local Law Enforcement Block Grants programs OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Audience: State, local, and tribal criminal justice practitioners Description of Services: This initiative provides training and education assistance to criminal justice practitioners through the state agencies administering BJA funding. Assistance includes training programs and funding, scholarships, and travel expenses for state and local criminal justice system employees. Contact: See BJA's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ for a list of contacts for the state administering agencies. State and Local Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee/Contractor: Community Research Associates, Inc. OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies Description of Services: This program provides training and technical assistance to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions in developing and implementing comprehensive, system-wide strategies to prevent and control violent crime and illegal drug trafficking and use, and to support community- based crime prevention efforts. The training and technical assistance also aims to enhance state formula grant administration capabilities and state efforts to develop and implement statewide drug control and violent crime strategies. Contact: Doyle Wood, Project Director Phone: 615/399-9908 Fax: 615/399-9301 E-mail: dwood@community-research.com Crime Prevention Training, Technical Assistance, and Information Sharing Grantee/Contractor: National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) OJP Sponsors: BJA and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Audience: State, local, and tribal jurisdictions, crime prevention organizations, and the general public Description of Services: The National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) works to prevent crime and build safer, more caring communities. NCPC's major initiatives include the National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign (NCCPC), an alliance of national, state, and federal organizations that works with businesses, civic groups, individuals, and law enforcement to generate crime prevention awareness and action throughout the country through a variety of mechanisms. The campaign includes a series of public service advertisements, publications, training, technical assistance, and program development. Its Website includes a calendar of upcoming training events at www.ncpc.org/4train.htm. Contact: NCPC Phone: 202/466-6272 Fax: 202/296-1356 Website: www.ncpc.org Technical Assistance to Open Solicitation Grant Program Award Recipients Grantee/Contractor: The George Washington University OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: Recipients of Open Solicitation Grant Program awards Description of Services: This project will provide technical assistance to recipients of the BJA Open Solicitation Grant Program as they establish their programs. Specifically, these funds will support technical assistance to grantees as they develop program goals, generate, collect, and analyze data, and measure performance. In addition, the grantee will conduct a general analysis of the planning and implementation of these programs and report its findings to BJA. Contact: James Austin, Co-Director Institute on Crime, Justice and Corrections, The George Washington University Phone: 202/994-6345 Fax: 202/994-3239 Technical Assistance to Community Justice Grant Recipients Grantee/Contractor: Crime and Justice Research Institute OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: Recipients of Community Justice Grants Project Description: This project will provide technical assistance to recipients of Community Justice grants. The Criminal Justice Research Institute will support grantees as they develop program goals, generate, collect, and analyze data, and measure performance. The grantee will also examine the planning and implementation of these grants and reports its findings to BJA. Contact: John Goldkamp, Crime and Justice Research Institute Phone: 215/627-3766 Fax: 215/627-7810 E-mail: cjri@ix.netcom.com Violence Against Women Technical Assistance/Training The Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) has implemented a technical assistance program designed primarily to provide direct assistance to grantees and subgrantees under the Violence Against Women Act. The program seeks to leverage federal funds to ensure the greatest possible impact on communities, particularly in jurisdictions that are seeking to respond aggressively to violent crimes against women, but are just beginning to develop programs that promote victim safety and offender accountability. VAWO's technical assistance program also focuses on capacity building for national criminal justice and victim advocacy organizations responding to sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking. Technical assistance generally consists of site visits, mentoring, focus groups, regional conferences, peer-to-peer counseling, telephonic and electronic information provision, and the development and distribution of topical publications. All technical assistance initiatives must be developed in collaboration with nonprofit, nongovernmental, victim advocacy organizations to foster partnerships and create coordinated community responses to violence against women. Projects emphasize the need to provide culturally appropriate services to victims of sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking from diverse communities. The majority of VAWO's technical assistance projects, which directly serve grantees and subgrantees under VAWO's various grant programs, are described in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence, and Chapter 7, Protecting and Supporting Victims of Crime. Also see Chapter 11 for programs addressing crime in Indian country. The following technical assistance is available to the field. Center for Sex Offender Management Grantee/Contractor: Center for Effective Public Policy OJP Sponsor: VAWO Audience: Courts, corrections agencies, victim advocacy agencies, tribal jurisdictions, and the general public Description of Services: Courts, corrections agencies, and treatment providers have demonstrated that careful supervision and effective treatment can help manage sex offenders and increase public safety. The Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) was established to increase the level of knowledge about managing sex offenders, enhance the involvement of victim advocacy organizations in policy development, and increase community understanding about safely managing sex offenders. Continuation funding will allow CSOM to develop a comprehensive training curriculum, identify two tribal resource sites, and expand support to the current resource sites. CSOM also will expand the pool of existing resource sites to include urban jurisdictions, jurisdictions with expertise in working with juvenile sex offenders, jurisdictions with a strong focus on victim services, and jurisdictions with an integrated approach to sex offender management. Contact: Madeline Carter, Project Director Phone: 301/589-9383 Fax: 301/589-3505 Website: www.csom.org Full Faith and Credit Project Grantee/Contractor: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence OJP Sponsor: VAWO Audience: State, tribal, and federal law enforcement, prosecutors, and courts; state legislatures; advocates for battered women; VAWO grantees; state registry administrators; NCIC and state counterparts; FBI and ATF personnel; and the general public Description of Services: The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence provides a broad range of technical assistance on the enforcement of protection orders within and between states, tribes, and territories to safeguard victims of domestic violence. The project emphasizes the use of state, tribal, and federal laws and systemic reforms to enhance enforcement. Contact: Barbara Hart, Project Director Phone: 1-800/256-5883 Violence Against Women Online Resources Grantee/Contractor: University of Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse OJP Sponsor: VAWO Audience: VAWO grantees and the general public Description of Services: The University of Minnesota maintains an online violence against women resources Website containing current research on effective intervention efforts regarding violence against women. The resource site includes innovative approaches, public policy articles, promising practices documents, full training manuals, and a calendar of upcoming events. Excerpts from VAWO's Promising Practices Manual, which highlights innovative initiatives from around the country to address sexual assault and stalking, also are available on this Website. Contact: Jeffrey Edleson, Director Phone: 612/624-8795 Fax: 612/625-4288 Website: www.mincava.umn.edu/ Corrections Technical Assistance/Training The Corrections Program Office (CPO) has developed a comprehensive technical assistance program that includes conferences, workshops, training, and site-specific assistance to assist states with the effective implementations of its grant programs. To respond to states' needs, CPO established a toll-free Technical Assistance Line (1-800/848-6325), which can be used to request assistance. CPO technical assistance is generally provided without charge to the requesting agency. The schedule for CPO conferences, workshops, and training sessions can be found in its Technical Assistance Plan for FY 1999, which can be accessed on the Internet at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo. Correctional Boot Camp Training Grantee/Contractor: Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) OJP Sponsor: CPO Audience: Teams of policy makers, boot camp administrators, and aftercare providers from jurisdictions that are in the process of developing a boot camp program or are interested in improving the effectiveness of an existing program Description of Services: This week-long training program assists state correctional agencies and local jurisdictions with the development of effective boot camp programs for adults or juveniles. The training is conducted by NIC under a cooperative agreement with CPO. It focuses on such topics as defining a mission and philosophy; the military leadership model; comprehensive programming to address the needs of offenders; cognitive restructuring; hiring, training, and retaining staff; monitoring to avoid program drift and abuse; and development of aftercare services. Priority is given to jurisdictions implementing CPO Correctional Boot Camp Initiative Program grants awarded in FY 1995 or a boot camp program implemented with Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) Incentive formula grant program funds. Sessions will be held on May 23-28, 1999 and August 2-6, 1999. Contact: Mary Gooden, Program Manager Phone: 202/305-1876 Fax: 202/307-2019 E-mail: goodenm@ojp.usdoj.gov Training on Planning and Designing Juvenile Correctional Institutions Grantee/Contractor: Interagency Agreement with NIC OJP Sponsor: CPO and OJJDP Audience: Teams of key decision-makers from state juvenile corrections agencies and local jurisdictions planning a new facility Description of Services: This week-long training assists state juvenile corrections agencies and local jurisdictions in planning and designing correctional facilities and detention centers that meet their needs. The training is conducted by NIC under a cooperative agreement with CPO. Topics to be addressed include the facility development process, planning team role clarification and decision-making process, mission statement, using data for facility planning, building in space for programs and services, new facility staffing, development of a facility space program, direct supervision, site evaluation, and transition and activation. Sessions are scheduled for March 8-12, 1999 and June 7-11, 1999. Contact: Mary Gooden, Program Manager Phone: 202/305-1876 Fax: 202/307-2019 E-mail: goodenm@ojp.usdoj.gov Sentencing and-Corrections-Related Technical Assistance Grantee/Contractor: To be selected from applications currently under review OJP Sponsor: CPO Audience: Adult and juvenile corrections administrators, correctional staff, and policy makers Description of Services: CPO makes site-specific technical assistance available to state and local agencies to assist them in addressing issues related to the eligibility, implementation, and administration of CPO-administered grant programs. The assistance is tailored to the needs of the requesting agency by drawing on the expertise of hundreds of practitioners and issue experts with knowledge and experience in state-of-the-art corrections policies and practices. Corrections agencies and state policy makers may request assistance related to issues such as sentencing reform, violent offender management, facility design, space management, overcrowding, information systems, budgetary implications of VOI/TIS, geriatric prisoners and prisoners with medical conditions, crime victims' rights, privatization, and the drug testing, sanctions, and treatment requirements of the VOI/TIS program. Contact: Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager Phone: 202/305-2587 Fax: 202/307-2019 E-mail: mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov Substance Abuse Treatment-Related Technical Assistance Grantee/Contractor: Interagency Agreement with the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment OJP Sponsor: CPO Audience: Substance abuse treatment practitioners and state and local officials responsible for making policy decisions regarding substance abuse treatment for offenders Description of Services: CPO makes site-specific technical assistance available to state and local agencies to assist them in addressing issues related to substance abuse treatment for offenders. Assistance also is provided on issues related to implementing the provisions of CPO's Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) for State Prisoners formula grant program. Areas of focus include implementing residential substance abuse treatment for adult and juvenile offenders and drug testing in RSAT program initiatives. Contact: Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager Phone: 202/305-2587 Fax: 202/307-2019 E-mail: mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov Substance Abuse Treatment-Related Training Grantee/Contractor: Interagency Agreement with the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment OJP Sponsor: CPO Audience: Adult and juvenile correctional policymakers, program managers, and treatment program staff Description of Services: CPO offers substance abuse treatment training on the following topics: therapeutic community counselor training, cross-discipline team-building, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention, case management, and treating offenders with co-occurring disorders. Each training program is designed to meet the specific needs of the requesting jurisdiction and conducted onsite. CPO provides the trainers and all training materials. Contact: Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager Phone: 202/305-2587 Fax: 202/307-2019 E-mail: mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov Crime Victims Technical Assistance/Training The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) provides comprehensive, quality technical assistance and training resources to victim service providers and allied professionals to increase our nation's capacity to provide skilled, capable, victim-sensitive assistance to crime victims. Also see Chapters 4 and 7 for additional victims-related training and technical assistance programs, as well as the violence against women section in this chapter. Training and Technical Assistance Center (TTAC) Grantee/Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation OJP Sponsor: OVC Audience: Public agencies, private nonprofit organizations, and victim service, criminal justice, and allied professionals (i.e., mental health, medical, clergy, etc.) Description of Services: TTAC is a one-stop access point for OVC training and technical assistance for federal, state, tribal, and local agencies and allied professionals involved in providing services to crime victims. TTAC assists agencies in addressing both administrative and programmatic issues. It is not intended to perform program development activities, but rather to serve as a tool for nationwide dissemination of products completed through discretionary projects. OVC's Community Crisis Response and Mentoring Programs are also supported by TTAC. Contact: Suzanne Anderson, Acting Project Director Phone: 1-800/627-6872 Fax: 301/5195533 E-mail: TTAC@ovcttac.org Juvenile Justice Technical Assistance/Training The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides training and technical assistance to thousands of juvenile justice practitioners, policy makers, and interested citizens each year. OJJDP funds more than 50 projects annually to assist judges, law enforcement officials, facility administrators, state agency staff, and community-based agencies and organizations in finding solutions to the serious issues that surround juvenile crime. OJJDP's training and technical assistance programs include local, state, regional, and national training on specific issues, onsite problem solving through support of local jurisdictional teams, planning, evaluation, and program development. Assistance is available on all issues addressed in the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, including prevention, detention, corrections, treatment, disproportionate minority confinement, challenge programs, gender specific services, Native American and Alaskan Native issues, and state plan development. In support of this mission, OJJDP has established and operates the OJJDP National Training and Technical Assistance Center. Information on additional juvenile justice training and technical assistance initiatives can be found throughout this Program Plan. For example, information on technical assistance to Native American tribes and Alaskan Native communities can be found in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in Indian Country; information on training and technical assistance on juvenile and family courts can be found in Chapter 12, Supporting Innovations in Adjudication. Other juvenile justice training and TA initiatives can be found in Chapter 5, Addressing Youth Crime. OJJDP technical assistance programs also are described in the OJJDP Training and Technical Assistance Resource Catalog, which is available from the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse by calling 1-800/638-8736 or online at www.ncjrs.org. OJJDP National Training and Technical Assistance Center Grantee/Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Audience: Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention practitioners, policy makers, and other individuals who work with youth Description of Services: The center seeks to upgrade and expand the knowledge of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention practitioners and increase their capacity to reduce youth crime and improve the justice system. The center operates a resource database and clearinghouse and coordinates and provides training and technical assistance to state and local agencies. To support these efforts, the Center: • collects and organizes OJJDP training and technical assistance resources and products; • coordinates a training and technical assistance network of leading planners, practitioners, and scholars to assist state and local agencies in their efforts to reduce youth crime and improve the juvenile justice system; • operates a toll-free telephone service and Website and responds to inquiries from elected officials, practitioners, and citizen advocates; and. • disseminates useful information through the resource clearinghouse and the training and technical assistance network, and sponsors workshops, seminars, and conferences for elected officials, practitioners, and citizen advocates. Contact: Phone: 1-800/830-4031 Website: www.nttac.com Statistical Analysis/Criminal Justice Records Technical Assistance/Training Technical Assistance and Training for State Statistical Analysis Center (SAC)-Mutual Assistance Program Grantee/Contractor: Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA) OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Audience: State SAC directors and staff; and criminal justice analysts, researchers, and practitioners committed to providing accurate and timely information in support of sound policy development Description of Services: JRSA was organized in 1974 by the directors of the state SACs to promote cooperation and the exchange of information, statistics, and technology among states. In providing technical and liaison services to the SAC's for BJS, JRSA maintains a criminal justice information clearinghouse, provides an automated Database of State Activities and Research, and conducts an annual conference on justice, statistics, research, and policy analysis. Contact: Karen Maline, Director of Information Services Phone: 202/842-9330 Fax: 202/842-9329 E-mail: cjinfo@jrsa.org Technical Assistance to States under the National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP) Grantee/Contractor: SEARCH Group, Inc. OJP Sponsor: BJS Audience: State policy makers and individuals charged with implementing procedures to upgrade criminal history record systems and sex offender registries Description of Services: SEARCH is the national provider of technical assistance to states under BJS's National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP). NCHIP technical assistance is designed to help states implement provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, principally the successful activation and operation of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), and the National Child Protection Act of 1993, as amended. The NICS allows for instant automated presale firearms checks required under the Brady Act. The NCHIP TA program assists states in upgrading their record systems and in interfacing with the FBI's operational systems. Contact: Sheila Barton, Deputy Executive Director Phone: 916/392-2550 Fax: 916/392-8440 E-mail: sheila.barton@search.org Justice Information Policy Assistance (JIPA) Grantee/Contractor: SEARCH Group, Inc. OJP Sponsor: BJS Audience: State and federal policy makers and criminal history records centers Description of Services: JIPA activities are designed to meet the following objectives: • to provide a liaison between BJS and the states and other federal agencies on issues relating to criminal justice record information; • to assist states in developing and implementing comprehensive policies and programs to improve the quality, content, management, use, and exchange of criminal history record information; and • to conduct detailed studies on specific policy issues of critical importance to the development and implementation of criminal history record improvement efforts. Contact: Sheila Barton, Deputy Executive Director Phone: 916/392-2550 Fax: 916/392-8440 E-mail: sheila.barton@search.org Technology and Information System Technical Assistance/Training NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) program provides criminal justice (law enforcement, corrections, and court) professionals with information on technology, guidelines and standards for these technologies, objective testing data, and technical assistance to implement these technologies. The NLECTC system includes the national center in Rockville, Maryland and four regional centers. Also included in the system are four special offices: the Office of Law Enforcement Standards, the Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization, the Border Research and Technology Center, and the National Center for Forensic Sciences. NIJ's unique relationship with the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) affords the opportunity to leverage resources for the benefit of both agencies. Drawing on NIST resources, OLES develops standards and standardized testing methodologies for law enforcement and corrections equipment. At the request of DOD, OLES is also supporting military efforts to develop improved body armor for both military and law enforcement personnel. NIJ sponsors the Office of Law Enforcement and Technology Commercialization (OLETC) through a grant to Wheeling Jesuit University. OLETC interfaces with a diverse array of organizations, including all the national and federal laboratories, industry scientists, and commercialization experts to identify existing or developmental technologies of interest to the law enforcement and corrections communities, and works to move those technologies into the marketplace. Sandia National Laboratory is the host facility for NIJ's Border Research and Technology Center (BRTC), which also has affiliations with a number of other federal, state, and local agencies. The technical partner for BRTC is the U.S. Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center. Other BRTC affiliations include the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy. The National Center for Forensic Sciences (NCFS) was created through an NIJ grant to the University of Central Florida (UCF). NCFS is operated within UCF's Chemistry Department. This section describes the NLECTC system, as well as other assistance. Also see Chapter 8 for additional technology-related training and TA initiatives. NLECTC-National Grantee/Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: The National Center coordinates the technical information collection and dissemination program for the entire National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center system. In this capacity, the National Center: • produces detailed test reports, user guides, and bulletins on public safety equipment, metallic handcuffs, pepper spray, and DNA profiling; • operates an equipment, technology, and research information hotline; • publishes a quarterly newsletter, TechBest, and maintains the NLECTC system Website, JUSTNET, at www.nlectc.org; • maintains current information on the manufacturers of commercially available equipment and developers of law enforcement and corrections products and services, provides referrals to users of these products, and assists in locating experts in a particular field, and • helps identify equipment and technology requirements of local, state, and federal criminal justice practitioners by coordinating conference and advisory group activities, including those of the Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council. Contact: Marc Caplan, Director Phone: 1-800/248-2742 Fax: 301/519-5149 E-mail: asknlectc@nlectc.org NLECTC-Northeast Grantee/Contractor: Air Force Research Laboratories, Rome, New York OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: The mission of NLECTC-Northeast is to work with government, industry, and academia to identify, evaluate, demonstrate, and assess the adoption of new products and technologies specifically designed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice practitioners. Located at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL), NLECTC-NE leverages USAFRL's military expertise in command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence to provide information and assistance with current and new technologies that may have utility for state and local law enforcement and corrections agencies. NLECTC-NE draws on the expertise of Air Force scientists and engineers to develop technologies to detect concealed weapons on people, an effort that is expected to yield a stationary device for use in buildings and hand-held devices for patrol officers. Contact: John Ritz, Director Phone: 1-888/338-0584 Fax: 315/330-4315 E-mail: nlectc_ne@rl.af.mil NLECTC -Southeast Grantee/Contractor: South Carolina Research Authority OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: NLECTC-SE provides practitioners with hands-on assistance to identify current applications or rapid prototyping of technologies to meet their needs. It also advocates for the law enforcement and corrections communities with the research and development communities, and facilitates the development of long-term projects. NLECTC-SE's areas of expertise include: information technology for law enforcement and corrections, simulation and training, surplus equipment, distance learning, and land transportation security. Contact: Tommy Sexton, Director Phone: 1-800/292-4385 Fax: 843/207-7776 E-mail: nlectc-se@nlectc-se.org NLECTC-Rocky Mountain Grantee/Contractor: Denver Research Institute OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: NLECTC-Rocky Mountain focuses on communications interoperability and efforts to eliminate the difficulties that often occur when different agencies and jurisdictions try to communicate with one another. This facility works with law enforcement agencies, private industry, and national organizations to implement projects to identify and field test new technologies to help solve the problem of interoperability. It also conducts research on ballistics, weapons technology, and information systems. In addition, NLECTC-Rocky Mountain houses the newly created Crime Mapping Technology Center, the training practical application arm of NIJ's Crime Mapping Research Center, which is staffed by NIJ social scientists and scholars who utilize crime analysis research to improve police field operations and develop crime-mapping software for law enforcement departments. Contact: Jim Keller, Director Phone: 1-800/416-8086 Fax: 303/871-2500 E-mail: nlectc@du.edu NLECTC-West Grantee/Contractor: The Aerospace Corporation OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: NLECTC-West draws on the Aerospace Corporation's depth of knowledge and scientific expertise to offer law enforcement and corrections agencies the ability to analyze and enhance audio, video, and photographic evidence. This NLECTC facility also has available an extensive array of analytic instrumentation to aid in criminal investigations, such as a scanning electron microscope, an x-ray microscope, and a mass spectrometer, all of which are used to process trace evidence. Other areas of expertise at NLECTC-West include: computer architecture, data processing, communication systems, and vehicle stopping technology. Contact: Robert Pentz, Director Phone: 1-888/548-1618 Fax: 310/336-2227 E-mail: nlectc@law-west.org Border Research and Technology Center Grantee/Contractor: Sandia National Laboratories OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel Description of Services: The Border Research and Technology Center (BRTC) works with the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, the Department of Defense Counterdrug Development Program, the U.S. Coast Guard research and development program, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy/Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center (CTAC), and the U.S. Attorney for Southern California, as well as state and local law enforcement agencies and organizations operating along the U.S. borders. BRTC works with these agencies and their organizations to develop and implement SENTRI (Secured Electronic Network for Travelers' Rapid Inspection) technology, as well as human presence detection, seismic sensor upgrade demonstrations, evaluation of night vision and thermal imaging technologies, vehicle immobilization, and communications interoperability. Contact: Chris Aldridge, Director Phone: 1-888/656-2782 Fax: 1-888/660-2782 E-mail: brtcchrisa@aol.com Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization (OLETC) Grantee/Contractor: Wheeling Jesuit University OJP Sponsor: NIJ Audience: Law enforcement and corrections inventors, developers, and manufacturers Description of Services: OLETC assists developers and manufacturers in bringing new products to market. Services include: • matching new technologies and product concepts to specific needs; • identifying technologies to develop new or improved products; • assisting with market assessments and business plans; • locating complementary technologies, expertise and test resources; • identifying product standards and test protocols; • identifying investment capital financing and grant opportunities; • locating manufacturing and distribution partners; • assisting with questions on liability, intellectual property and licensing fees; • developing funding and innovative product acquisition strategies; and • providing informational and educational videos. Contact: Tom Burgoyne, Director Phone: 1-888/306-5382 Fax: 304/243-2131 E-mail: tburgoyne@nttc.edu Operational Systems Support Technical Assistance and Training Grantee/Contractor: SEARCH Group, Inc. OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies Description of Services: This program conducts training and provides technical assistance to justice agencies throughout the nation to help determine information system needs, establish system requirements, and design or procure cost-effective, integrated information and workload management systems. Contact: Dave Roberts, Deputy Director Phone: 916/392-2555 Fax: 916/392-8440 E-mail: david.roberts@search.org Information System Automation and Integration Technical Assistance to State Courts Grantee/Contractor: SEARCH Group, Inc. OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local courts Description of Services: Through this project, SEARCH Group, Inc. conducts training and provides technical assistance to justice agencies throughout the nation to increase knowledge and understanding of court information system management; improve information management through the use of computer technology by local and state justice agencies; and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of state and local justice practitioners by developing technical resources and demonstrating the operational benefits of technology. This project is designed to enable state and local justice agencies, particularly those using BJA formula grant funds, to determine system needs, establish system requirements, and design or procure cost-effective, integrated court information and workload management systems. Contact: Dave Roberts, Deputy Director Phone: 916/392-2555 Fax: 916/392-8440 E-mail: david.roberts@search.org Law Enforcement Technical Assistance/Training In addition to the following training and technical programs, also see the law enforcement-related projects described in Chapter 9, Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives. Missing and Exploited Children Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee/Contractor: Fox Valley Technical College OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Description of Services: Each year, OJJDP trains more than 4,000 law enforcement officers through its Missing and Exploited Children Training and Technical Assistance Program. Comprehensive training courses have been designed to increase skills and abilities, enhance service coordination and delivery, and improve the investigation and handling of missing and exploited children cases. Courses offered include: • Responding to Missing and Abducted Children, which is aimed at enhancing the knowledge and skills of law enforcement officials who investigate cases involving abducted, runaway, or missing children; • Child Sexual Exploitation, which provides law enforcement officials and other professionals with the information and knowledge they need to understand, recognize, investigate, and resolve cases of child pornography and sexual exploitation; • Child Abuse and Exploitation Investigative Techniques, which is designed to enhance the skills of experienced law enforcement officials and other professionals who investigate cases involving child abuse, child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and missing children; • Protecting Children Online, which enhances law enforcement's ability to investigate computer crimes against children. • Missing and Exploited Children, which offers advanced training to experienced law enforcement investigative officers; and • Child Abuse and Exploitation Team Investigation Process, which is designed to enable and assist communities in developing a comprehensive, coordinated community approach and interagency protocol for investigating child abuse and exploitation. Contact: Ron Laney, OJJDP Phone: 202/616-7323 E-mail: Laney@ojp.usdoj.gov Juvenile Justice Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program Grantee/Contractor: To Be Determined OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Audience: State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies Description of Services: This program provides training and technical assistance to state, local, and tribal law enforcement professionals seeking to increase juvenile accountability and improve their response systems, as part of a collaborative effort to prevent and control juvenile crime and victimization and improve public safety. Workshops offered include: • Chief Executive Officer Forum, a 2-day workshop that provides an executive overview of OJJDP's comprehensive youth violence strategy and risk-focused approach to the prevention and control of juvenile violence; • Managing Juvenile Operations, a 3«-day workshop designed to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of law enforcement juvenile units within the overall framework of a comprehensive community wide strategy to prevent and control juvenile delinquency; • School Administrators for Effective Police Operations Leading to Improved Children and Youth Services, a 3«-day workshop designed to reduce delinquency and violence in schools through targeted, interagency and multi-agency programs that involve law enforcement, the schools, and human services agencies in the community; • Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program, an intensive, 4-day interagency information-sharing and problem-solving workshop designed to improve public safety and increase youth accountability through a strategy that identifies the small number of youth in jurisdictions who are responsible for a disproportionate amount of serious crime and delinquency, and intervenes, following arrest, with informed assessments of delinquency patterns and family functioning; • Tribal Juvenile Justice Training and Technical Assistance, a 3«-day program to assist Native American law enforcement and human service agencies in the development and implementation of a comprehensive strategy to address youth crime, violence, and victimization in tribal communities; • Youth Gang, Gun, and Drug Policy, a 3«-day workshop designed to enable communities to develop and implement effective comprehensive strategies to prevent, intervene with, and control youth gangs and the co-occurring problems of illegal gun possession and substance abuse; • Youth-Oriented Community Policing, is a 3«-day workshop that brings the principles and approaches of community policing to bear on the issues of juvenile delinquency and victimization; and • Youth Violence Reduction Integrated Action Program, a 3«-day strategic workshop to promote replication of the successful Boston juvenile crime reduction strategy. It helps build the capacity of local communities to use federal, state, and local law enforcement and other resources in innovative ways, under strategic plans, to address youth violence and delinquency. Contact: Bob Hubbard, OJJDP Phone: 202/616-3567 E-mail: Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training Center Grantee/Contractor: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children OJP Sponsor: OJJDP Audience: State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies Description of Services: Established in April 1997, the Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training Center is a cooperative venture among OJJDP, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), and two FBI entities (the Child Abduction Serial Killer Unit and the Criminal Justice Information Services Division). The Jimmy Ryce Center offers a wide range of training programs to law enforcement chief executive officers, senior managers, and line officers to increase their awareness of and response to missing and exploited children cases. The CEO Missing and Exploited Children's Seminar is designed to increase awareness and understanding of issues relating to missing and exploited children, and improve agency response and operations for handling these cases. Contact: Ron Laney, OJJDP Phone: 202/616-7323 E-mail: Laney@ojp.usdoj.gov Youth Focused Community Policing Grantee/Contractor: Fox Valley Technical College OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with COPS and the Community Relations Service) Audience: Empowerment Zone/Economic Community (EZ/EC) jurisdictions Project Description: The Youth Focused Community Policing (YFCP) initiative assists local jurisdictions in establishing partnerships and dialogues among youth, police, the community, and other agencies of local government. The YFCP initiative provides communities the training and technical assistance necessary to develop a self-assessment instrument and methodology, and to implement, maintain, and evaluate delinquency prevention and control strategies. Fox Valley Technical College primarily provides training and technical assistance to EZ/EC jurisdictions. Contact: Jeff Slowikowski, OJJDP Phone: 202/616-3646 E-mail: Jeff@ojp.usdoj.gov Hate Crime Training Initiative Grantee/Contractor: Community Research Associates, Inc. FY99 Funding: $500,000 OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local law enforcement officers, policy makers, civil rights advocates, legal community members, and criminal justice practitioners. Description of Services: Community Research Associates, in partnership with federal agencies, national education and advocacy groups, and state, local, and community officials, will support the presentation of DOJ hate crime curricula to state and local law enforcement agencies. Among this initiative's core activities are regional training sessions for law enforcement officers to be conducted by multidisciplinary teams; coordination with law enforcement professionals and U.S. Attorneys' local anti-hate crime strategies; reports for policy makers and law enforcement personnel describing successful hate crime initiatives now in operation across the country; and a national hate crime education campaign targeting law enforcement, youth, and criminal justice practitioners. Contact: Jennifer McKinney, Community Research Associates, Inc. Phone: 615/399-9908 Fax: 615/399-9301 E-mail: jmckinney@community-research.com Investigate and Surveillance Technology Initiative Grantee/Contractor: Institute of Investigate Technology OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: Law enforcement executives and investigators Description of Services: The Institute of Investigate Technology designs and delivers training in the use of investigative and surveillance technology to approximately 3,500 state and local enforcement officers throughout the United States as part of BJA's Technical Investigative Training Program. This training program consists of 38 one-week courses conducted at 20 regional training sites throughout the U.S. Each course will be comprised of a one-day "Investigative Technology Seminar for The Police Administrator" and four days of "Investigative Technology Training" for investigators. This program provides a technical investigative overview for administrators and intermediate skills development training for investigators. Contact: John Ramming Phone: 410/584-2355 Fax: 410/584-2356 Illegal Firearms Investigations Technical Assistance Grantee/Contractor: International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local law enforcement supervisors, managers, and policy makers Description of Services: This program is designed to increase the capacity of police departments to conduct investigations into the illegal trafficking and use of firearms. A key element of the training is to fully expose local police departments to the capabilities of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) Firearms Tracing Center, and to stress the importance of tracing all crime guns. ATF is a full partner in this effort, and Tracing Center command staff are involved in the technical assistance program. Contact: Paul Bolton, Project Director Phone: 703/836-6767 Fax: 703/836-4543 Website: www.theiacp.org Gang Violence Enforcement Technical Assistance and Training Grantee/Contractor: Institute for Intergovernmental Research OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local law enforcement commanders and prosecutors Description of Services: This project disseminates lessons learned in BJA-funded projects dealing with street gangs as organized crime and using RICO-type procedures in attacking gang structures. The program assists local law enforcement and prosecution agencies in addressing the growing problem of gang-related violence, with a special focus on drugs and firearms. This program advocates the shared management task force concept of the Organized Crime Narcotics Trafficking Enforcement Program to investigate and prosecute gangs as organized criminal enterprises. Contact: Emory Williams, Vice President Phone: 850/385-0600 Fax: 850/422-3529 Small Jurisdictions Technical Assistance Grantee/Contractor: International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: Small urban or suburban police departments serving a population of 25,000 or fewer, located or contiguous to a Metropolitan Statistical Area, or small police departments that serve a population between 25,000 and 50,000 regardless of location. This includes tribal police. Description of Services: IACP provides technical assistance to small police departments to customize their policies and procedures to meet their unique needs and to teach them how to network with other justice agencies to mobilize, share information, and seek resources. Services include: executive development, recruitment of minorities, use of two officer police vehicles, technology applications, emergency transport, identification of grant resources, task force creation, governmental relations, and implementation of community policing. Contact: John Firman, Director of Research Phone: 703/836-6767 Fax: 703/836-4543 Website: www.theiacp.org Center for Task Force Training (CenTF) Grantee/Contractor: Institute for Intergovernmental Research OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State, local, and tribal task force commanders Description of Services: The CenTF program develops and implements management and operational training for commanders of task forces involved in centrally coordinated, multi-agency responses to drug crimes. The CenTF training program addresses emerging and high-risk drug problems, including the investigation of methamphetamine trafficking and street gangs as criminal organizations. Contact: Emory Williams Phone: 850/385-0600 Fax: 505/298-7292 In addition to the above OJP initiatives, law enforcement TA and training is also available through the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). For further information, see COPS' Website at www.usdoj.gov/cops/ or call the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at 1-800/421-6770. Adjudication Technical Assistance/Training Adjudication System Technical Assistance Project Grantee/Contractor: American University OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local court and other criminal justice officials Description of Services: In partnership with the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, the Pretrial Services Resource Center, and the Justice Management Institute, American University provides technical assistance to state and local criminal courts and to other adjudication systems, such as pretrial and defense. This technical assistance includes onsite consultation to individual courts and jurisdictions by senior practitioner experts drawn from the national adjudication system community and from senior staff of the consortium organizations; self-help workshops for judicial system representatives on topics of common interest; publication of best-practice guides on topics of importance to judicial system planning and operations; and office-based assistance provided by senior staff of the consortium organizations. Contact: American University Phone: 202/885-2875 Fax: 202/885-2885 E-mail: justice@american.edu Website: www.american.edu/justice Assessment and Enhancement of Indigent Defense Services Grantee/Contractor: National Legal Aid and Defender Association (NLADA) OJP Sponsor: BJA Audience: State and local indigent defense organizations Description of Services: This project helps state and local indigent defense organizations improve the management of drug and violent crime cases. NLADA develops and distributes comprehensive evaluation instruments for the project's onsite training and various technical assistance initiatives. The results of the training will be analyzed to improve and expand future technical assistance to the defender community. NLADA will also begin an in depth study of defender caseloads and workloads that will be an important resource for updating caseload standards. Contact: National Legal Aid and Defender Association Phone: 202/452-0620 Fax: 202/872-1031 E-mail: info@nlada.org Website: www.nlada.org Chapter 14 For More Information OJP provides a variety of resources to assist prospective grantees and the public obtain information about OJP programs, research, publications, training, and technical assistance. In recent years, OJP has greatly expanded its efforts to share such information with as diverse a constituency as possible. Whether through focusing efforts to reach out to specific constituencies--such as Native Americans or rural communities--or reaching a broader audience by tapping into the resources of the Internet and the World Wide Web, OJP is now able to communicate more information, more quickly than ever before. The following briefly describes OJP's Websites, clearinghouses, publications, and other information resources, as well as related assistance provided by other federal agencies. Websites • OJP Website. OJP maintains a Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov. In addition to general information about OJP and its bureaus, the Website includes downloadable versions of many OJP publications and application kits, as well as useful links to selected criminal justice Websites. Several OJP bureaus and offices also have special E-mail addresses listed on their Websites for inquiries about research, statistical data, programming, and other information. The address for general inquiries is maintained by the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs and can be reached by sending an E-mail to AskOCPA@ojp.usdoj.gov. • Partnerships Against Violence Network (PAVNET) Online is a searchable "virtual library" of information about promising programs, funding sources, and technical information sources related to violence prevention and youth at risk. PAVNET is supported by a partnership of seven different federal agencies, including the Justice Department. The Web address is www.pavnet.org. • Weed and Seed Webpage, Database, and Electronic Exchange Forum. The Weed and Seed Webpage serves as an electronic repository for information and materials about Operation Weed and Seed, including program background information, contact information for staff and sites, and information on successful sites. The Webpage also contains links to other services to identify and locate TA resources and has a response section to leave comments or request additional information about Weed and Seed. The Webpage address is www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/. The Weed and Seed Database is an archive of basic site information on all sites. The database contains a summary for each site that includes demographics, a description of the target area, historic information, highlights of key successes, the most noteworthy programs, and funding information. One of the main uses of the database is to search the extensive catalogue of site activities and programs and site contact information. The Weed and Seed Internet Listserv provides a forum for electronic exchanges among Weed and Seed sites. This listserv allows sites to post and receive E-mail messages from other sites and EOWS staff and TA contractors to provide timely information to the sites and respond to questions. To join the listserv, E-mail your request to Deborah Haley at DHALEY@ilj.org. • The Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET) is a gateway to the services of NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center System, as well as other technology information and resources for law enforcement and corrections. Through JUSTNET, users can access interactive bulletin boards on a variety of related topics, a comprehensive database of law enforcement and corrections products and technologies, and NLECTC publications. The site can be accessed at www.nlectc.org. • JUSTINFO.NET is an NIJ research forum on crime and justice that works in close cooperation with the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network. It provides access to criminal justice institutes and international crime data from around the world. The Website address is www.justinfo.net. • The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) Website at www.icpsr.umich.edu/nacjd provides downloadable access to more than 500 criminal justice data collections free of charge. NACJD is sponsored by BJS and maintained by the Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research at the University of Michigan. • BJS's Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online brings together data about all aspects of criminal justice in the United States presented in over 600 tables from more than 100 sources. The electronic version of Sourcebook's tables and sections are presented in Adobe Acrobat format and can be viewed, searched, and printed. The site is updated regularly to reflect new data as they will appear in the next printed edition of the Sourcebook, which BJS will publish in the summer of 1999. Information/Publications Clearinghouses • The Department of Justice Response Center is staffed by specialists who answer questions and provide information about Justice Department funding programs, including all OJP and Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office funding programs. Center staff also can provide copies of program solicitations, guidelines, and other documents. The Response Center can be reached by calling toll-free at 1-800/421-6770 or 202/307-1480 in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. • The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) is one of the most extensive sources of information on criminal and juvenile justice in the world. NCJRS is a collection of clearinghouses supporting all OJP bureaus and offices, as well as the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Call NCJRS toll-free at 1-800/851-3420 or 301/251-5500 in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area to speak with an information specialist who can conduct individualized research and provide copies of OJP publications. Access to publications, grant information, and other resources is available via the NCJRS Website at www.ncjrs.org. The publications archives are accessible in a searchable and downloadable format. Information and assistance also is available from any of the NCJRS clearinghouses listed below: BJA Clearinghouse Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse 1-800/688-4252 1-800/638-8736 BJS Clearinghouse National Victims Resource Center 1-800/732-3277 1-800/627-6872 • The National Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS), sponsored by BJS and operated by SEARCH, maintains an Internet-accessible automated index of more than 1,000 criminal justice information systems maintained by state and local governments throughout the nation. It also provides online access to the FBI's Law Enforcement Bulletin, opinions of the United States Supreme Court, all four volumes of the FBI specifications for the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and publications from other agencies and associations. In addition, the clearinghouse issues technical publications, provides technical assistance and training for state and local government officials, and operates the National Criminal Justice Computer Laboratory and Training Center. CJIS is accessible through the Internet at www.ch.search.org/. For more information about the clearinghouse, call 916/392-2550, or send an E-mail to webmaster@search.org. • The Professional Conference Series Website contains information about the more than 100 NIJ-sponsored conferences each year, registration for events, and past conferences. The site address is www.nijpcs.org. Publications • Fiscal Year At-A-Glance describes current OJP fiscal year appropriation levels and funding programs, eligibility for grants, a chart showing state-by-state estimates or final allocations under OJP formula programs, an OJP organizational chart, and the status of program regulations, guidelines, reports, application kits, and grant awards. At-A-Glance is produced annually and updated quarterly. Copies are available online from the OJP Website or by calling NCJRS and asking for NCJ-173947. • The Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide offers a "road map" of OJP programs, training, technical assistance, and other resources. It describes, in general, OJP's major grant programs, community-based initiatives, available training and technical assistance, publications, information clearinghouses, and other resources. The Resource Guide is available online from the OJP Website or by calling NCJRS or the Department of Justice Response Center. • The OJP Partnership Directory, originally produced to help U.S. Attorneys learn about federal resources available in their districts, is an excellent resource for anyone interested in developing a comprehensive community-based approach to public safety. The directory includes descriptions of major programs of several federal domestic agencies and information on who to contact to learn more about these programs. It also includes state points-of-contact for OJP's formula grants and state agencies administering other federal programs. The directory can be accessed from OJP's Website. • Another comprehensive guide to federal programs is the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, which is maintained by the General Services Administration. The catalog is a government-wide compendium of federal programs, projects, services, and activities that provide assistance or benefits to the American public. It contains financial and nonfinancial assistance programs administered by departments and establishments of the federal government. To purchase the catalog in hard copy or in tape, diskette, or CD-ROM format, contact the Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog Staff, General Services Administration, 300 7th Street, SW, Suite 101, Washington, DC 20407 or call 202/708-5126. The catalog is also available on the Web in searchable format. The Web address is www.gsa.gov/fdac/queryfdac.htm. Main Office Numbers Office of Justice Programs Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General 202/307-5933 www.ojp.usdoj.gov Bureau of Justice Assistance Nancy E. Gist Director 202/616-6500 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ Bureau of Justice Statistics Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D. Director 202/307-0765 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ National Institute of Justice Jeremy Travis Director 202/307-2942 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/ Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Shay Bilchik Administrator 202/307-5911 www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org Office for Victims of Crime Kathryn Turman Acting Director 202/307-5983 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/ Violence Against Women Office Bonnie Campbell Director 202/616-8894 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo/ Executive Office for Weed and Seed Stephen Rickman Director 202/616-1152 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/ Corrections Program Office Larry Meachum Director 202/307-3914 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/ Drug Courts Program Office Marilyn Roberts Director 202/616-5001 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo/ Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support C. Butch Straub Director 202/305-9887 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/osldps/ Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education Michael J. Dalich Acting Director 202/307-0467 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/opclee/ Office of Congressional and Public Affairs Harri j. Kramer Director 202/307-0703 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ocpa/ Office of the Comptroller Cynthia J. Schwimer Comptroller 202/307-0623 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/oc/ American Indian/Alaska Native Affairs Office Norena Henry Director 202/616-9053 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/aian/ To write to OJP, address your correspondence to us at: 810 Seventh St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20531 Glossary of Acronyms AARP American Association of Retired Persons ABA American Bar Association ACA American Correctional Association ADAM Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program APPA American Probation and Parole Association APRI American Prosecutors Research Institute BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms BCGA Boys & Girls Clubs of America BJA Bureau of Justice Assistance BJS Bureau of Justice Statistics BOP Bureau of Prisons BTC Breaking the Cycle CAC Children's Advocacy Center CASA Court Appointed Special Advocate CCP Comprehensive Communities Program CDCP Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CD-CP Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing CDP Center for Domestic Preparedness CJA Criminal Justice Associates (also Children's Justice Act) CNBC Congress of National Black Churches COPS Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services CPO Corrections Program Office CSAP Center for Substance Abuse Prevention CSAT Center for Substance Abuse Treatment CSOM Center for Sex Offender Management CWLA Child Welfare League of America DARE Drug Abuse Resistance Education DCPO Drug Courts Program Office DEA Drug Enforcement Administration DOJ U.S. Department of Justice DOD Department of Defense EOUSA Executive Office for United States Attorneys EOWS Executive Office for Weed and Seed FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HUD U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development IACP International Association of Chiefs of Police IHS Indian Health Service INS Immigration and Naturalization Service JAIBG Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants JJC Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse JRSA Justice Research and Statistics Association LLEBG Local Law Enforcement Block Grants NAAG National Association of Attorneys General NADCP National Association of Drug Court Professionals NATW National Association of Town Watch NCCD National Council on Crime and Delinquency NCHIP National Criminal History Improvement Program NCJFCJ National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges NCJRS National Criminal Justice Reference Service NCMEC National Center for Missing and Exploited Children NCPC National Crime Prevention Council NCSC National Center for State Courts NCVS National Crime Victimization Survey NDAA National District Attorneys Association NDPO National Domestic Preparedness Office NIAAA National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIC National Institute of Corrections NIDA National Institute on Drug Abuse NIJ National Institute of Justice NIJC National Indian Justice Center NIMH National Institute of Mental Health NJC National Judicial College NLADA National Legal Aid and Defender Association NLECTC National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center NSA National Sheriffs' Association NYGC National Youth Gang Center OJJDP Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention OJP Office of Justice Programs ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy OPCLEE Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education OSLDPS Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support OVC Office for Victims of Crime PERF Police Executive Research Forum RISS Regional Information Sharing System RSAT Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program SAC Statistical Analysis Center SACSI Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SANE Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner SJI State Justice Institute TA Technical Assistance VAW Violence Against Women VAWO Violence Against Women Office VOCA Victims of Crime Act VOI/TIS Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth-in-Sentencing Grant Program WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction