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Species |
Alpha Code* |
Safe date start** |
Safe date end |
Habitat |
American Black Duck |
ABDU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Most wetlands, from beaver ponds to saltmarsh |
Acadian Flycatcher |
ACFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Red Maple swamp (SE) and Hemlock (elsewhere) |
Green-winged Teal |
AGWT | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Alder Flycatcher |
ALFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Shrub (esp. Alder) swamp |
American Bittern |
AMBI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
American Coot |
AMCO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
American Crow |
AMCR | 3 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Conifers in forested areas, woodlots, suburban yards, parks |
American Goldfinch |
AMGO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Forest edge, copses, brushy areas, marsh edges, residential |
American Kestrel |
AMKE | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Open country, scattered trees, edge |
American Oystercatcher |
AMOY | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Upper portions of coastal beach, dunes |
American Redstart |
AMRE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Secondary forest, copses |
American Robin |
AMRO | 5 / 1 |
9 / 1 | Almost anywhere except the most open habitats such as marsh, grasslands |
American Wigeon |
AMWI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
American Woodcock |
AMWO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Forest edges |
Arctic Tern |
ARTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal sandy beaches, islands |
Barred Owl |
BADO | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Moist woods, wooded swamps, bottomlands. |
Bald Eagle |
BAEA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Margins of large lakes, rivers |
Barn Owl |
BANO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open habitats |
Bank Swallow |
BANS | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Earthen embankments |
Baltimore Oriole |
BAOR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Open deciduous forest, shade trees in urban or rural areas |
Barn Swallow |
BARS | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Structures offering access to interior; barns, garages, porches, sheds, etc. |
Black-and-white Warbler |
BAWW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Mainly deciduous forest |
Black-billed Cuckoo |
BBCU | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Forested habitats, edge |
Black-capped Chickadee |
BCCH | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Woodlands, orchards, shade trees, yards, and city parks |
Black-crowned Night-Heron |
BCNH | 5 / 5 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Belted Kingfisher |
BEKI | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Stream, river, lake, or bay shore with banks |
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher |
BGGN | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Wooded edges along ponds, rivers, streams, swamps, beaver ponds |
Brown-headed Cowbird |
BHCO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Virtually all habitats; anywhere host species are found |
Blue-headed Vireo |
BHVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Mature coniferous or mixed woods |
Bicknell's Thrush |
BITH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce/fir forest |
Blackburnian Warbler |
BLBW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Coniferous forest |
Black Guillemot |
BLGU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal rock ledge |
Blue Jay |
BLJA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Varied; including most forest types, thickets, suburban yards, parks |
Blackpoll Warbler |
BLPW | 6 / 10 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce, Balsam Fir forest |
Black Skimmer |
BLSK | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal, sandy beach |
Black Vulture |
BLVU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
Bobolink |
BOBO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Brown Creeper |
BRCR | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Mature, mixed, and swampy forest, including Atlantic White Cedar swamps |
Brown Thrasher |
BRTH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Dry secondary growth; powerlines cuts, overgrown pastures, coastal thickets, etc. |
Brewster's Warbler (Blue-winged x Golden-winged) |
BRWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Black-throated Blue Warbler |
BTBW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mixed woods with dense understory, esp. Mountain Laurel |
Black-throated Green Warbler |
BTNW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Coniferous and mature mixed forest |
Broad-winged Hawk |
BWHA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 25 | Mature, mixed woodlands |
Blue-winged Teal |
BWTE | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Blue-winged Warbler |
BWWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Cattle Egret |
CAEG | 5 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Canada Goose |
CANG | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Shore or islands in any wetland |
Carolina Wren |
CARW | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Wet woods, stream edges with dense thickets, tangles, brush piles, etc. |
Canada Warbler |
CAWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Thick undergrowth in moist deciduous or mixed forest; cedar swamp, Red Maple (SE) |
Clay-colored Sparrow |
CCSP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Shrubby grasslands |
Cedar Waxwing |
CEDW | 6 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Second-growth forest, parks, orchards, gardens, and margins of waterways |
Cerulean Warbler |
CERW | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Mature, moist deciduous forest |
Chipping Sparrow |
CHSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open mixed forest, suburbs, parks, and cemeteries with conifers |
Chimney Swift |
CHSW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Urban chimneys |
Clapper Rail |
CLRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | salt and brackish marsh |
Cliff Swallow |
CLSW | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Eves and sides of old barns and other buildings, bridges |
Common Eider |
COEI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Common Grackle |
COGR | 5 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Wide variety of urban and rural habitats from open forest to fresh and salt marshes, parks, etc. |
Cooper's Hawk |
COHA | 5 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Mixed woodlands, groves, copses |
Common Loon |
COLO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Lakes and ponds |
Common Merganser |
COME | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Lake or river |
Common Moorhen |
COMO | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Common Nighthawk |
CONI | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Barren habitats including river bars and flat rooftops |
Common Raven |
CORA | 3 / 20 |
7 / 20 | Remote forested areas |
Common Tern |
COTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal islands, saltmarsh |
Common Yellowthroat |
COYE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Brushy areas, thickets, powerline cuts, preferably wet |
Chestnut-sided Warbler |
CSWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Brushy, open second-growth, edges |
Chuck-will's-widow |
CWWI | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Scrub Oak |
Double-crested Cormorant |
DCCO | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Islands on coast or lake |
Dark-eyed Junco |
DEJU | 5 / 1 |
9 / 5 | Edges in coniferous or mixed woodlands; saplings and brushy thickets at higher elevations |
Downy Woodpecker |
DOWO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Forests, copses, suburbs |
Eastern Bluebird |
EABL | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open areas with scattered trees; farmland, orchards, swamps, pastures, etc. |
Eastern Kingbird |
EAKI | 5 / 25 |
7 / 25 | Open habitats, including edge, copses, often near water |
Eastern Meadowlark |
EAME | 5 / 5 |
7 / 25 | Extensive grasslands, including airports, margins of saltmarsh |
Eastern Phoebe |
EAPH | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Ledges, bridges, porch sills, etc., usually near water |
Eastern Screech-Owl |
EASO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open deciduous forests, woodlots, orchards, residential areas |
Eastern Towhee |
EATO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Dry, open forest, edge, brushy habitats, including coastal thickets, powerline cuts |
Eastern Wood-Pewee |
EAWP | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Mature forest |
European Starling |
EUST | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Everywhere except remote rural areas |
Evening Grosbeak |
EVGR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Mixed forestĀ |
Fish Crow |
FICR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Mixed woods, woodlots, suburban yards, parks |
Field Sparrow |
FISP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Brushy areas, weedy fields, powerline cuts |
Forster's Tern |
FOTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Saltmarsh |
Gadwall |
GADW | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish water or saltmarsh |
Great Black-backed Gull |
GBBG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Great Blue Heron |
GBHE | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, islands |
Great Crested Flycatcher |
GCFL | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Mature forest, edge |
Golden-crowned Kinglet |
GCKI | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous woods |
Great Horned Owl |
GHOW | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Wide variety of habitats from forest to farmland |
Glossy Ibis |
GLIB | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Gray Catbird |
GRCA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Dense tangles and thickets |
Great Cormorant |
GRCO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Islands on coast |
Great Egret |
GREG | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Islands on coast or lake |
Green Heron |
GRHE | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Woody growth near marshes or open water |
Grasshopper Sparrow |
GRSP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Golden-winged Warbler |
GWWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Damp brushy fields, powerline cuts |
Hairy Woodpecker |
HAWO | 4 / 25 |
7 / 20 | Forests |
Herring Gull |
HERG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal shores/islands, flat rooftops |
Henslow's Sparrow |
HESP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Weedy fields, wet meadows |
Hermit Thrush |
HETH | 5 / 10 |
9 / 10 | Damp mixed forest with dense undergrowth including pine barrens |
House Finch |
HOFI | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Scattered trees- especially conifers- mainly in residential areas |
Horned Lark |
HOLA | 4 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Coastal dunes and beaches, abandoned agricultural fields, airports |
Hooded Merganser |
HOME | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, freshwater marshes, streams |
House Sparrow |
HOSP | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Residential, farms |
Hooded Warbler |
HOWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Moist thickets in woodlands |
House Wren |
HOWR | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Open forests, wood edges, farms, orchards, suburbs, parks, gardens |
Indigo Bunting |
INBU | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Brushy habitats including forest edge, overgrown fields, powerline cuts |
Kentucky Warbler |
KEWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Wet thickets, dense understory in moist or wet deciduous forest, bottomland |
Killdeer |
KILL | 4 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Open, sparcely vegetated areas; flat rooftops |
King Rail |
KIRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Laughing Gull |
LAGU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Lawrence's Warbler (Blue-winged x Golden-winged) |
LAWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Lesser Black-backed Gull |
LBBG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal shores/islands |
Little Blue Heron |
LBHE | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Least Bittern |
LEBI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Least Flycatcher |
LEFL | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Open deciduous forests, forest edge |
Long-eared Owl |
LEOW | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Conifers |
Least Sandpiper |
LESA | 5 / 25 |
6 / 15 | Variety of coastal habitats |
Leach's Storm-Petrel |
LESP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Least Tern |
LETE | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Coastal sandy beach, esp dredge spoils |
Lincoln's Sparrow |
LISP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | High elevation boreal bog |
Loggerhead Shrike |
LOSH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Farmland and other open habitats |
Louisiana Waterthrush |
LOWA | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Rocky streams in deciduous or mixed forest |
Mallard |
MALL | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | All wetlands, occasionally suburban yards with swimming pools |
Magnolia Warbler |
MAWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 10 | Coniferous forest |
Marsh Wren |
MAWR | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Cattail and other tall marshes, including saltmarsh edges |
Merlin |
MERL | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Conifers |
Mourning Dove |
MODO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Suburbs, woodlots, farmlands |
Monk Parakeet |
MOPA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Urban streets, large trees, telephone poles |
Mourning Warbler |
MOWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 10 | High elevation; dense, early second growth, tangles, esp raspberry in clearcut |
Mute Swan |
MUSW | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Large ponds and marshes |
Nashville Warbler |
NAWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Open Scrub Oak woodlands (SE), overgrown pastures, bogs (C, W) |
Northern Bobwhite |
NOBO | 4 / 30 |
8 / 15 | Open scrub, pastures, fields |
Northern Cardinal |
NOCA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 20 | Suburban or semi-rural areas; forest edge, woodlots, thickets, parks, gardens |
Northern Flicker |
NOFL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Forests, parks, |
Northern Goshawk |
NOGO | 4 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Mature, mixed woodlands |
Northern Harrier |
NOHA | 5 / 10 |
8 / 20 | Coastal dunes, beaches, marshes, heathlands |
Northern Mockingbird |
NOMO | 5 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Suburban or semi-rural habitats with thickets, brushy forest edges, hedgerows |
Northern Parula |
NOPA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Woodlands with Usnea lichen |
Northern Pintail |
NOPI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Northern Waterthrush |
NOWA | 5 / 20 |
7 / 25 | Wooded swamps, bogs, backwaters |
Northern Rough-winged Swallow |
NRWS | 5 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Variety of habitats, often near water, in cavity, pipe, or excavated burrow. |
Northern Shoveler |
NSHO | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow |
NSTS | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Saltmarsh |
Northern Saw-whet Owl |
NSWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Mixed moists woods with conifers |
Orchard Oriole |
OROR | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Open, patchy forest, copses, often near river, stream, or pond |
Olive-sided Flycatcher |
OSFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Spruce/Larch bog |
Osprey |
OSPR | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Coastal marshes; rarely large wetlands inland |
Ovenbird |
OVEN | 5 / 20 |
8 / 5 | Open forests with little or no understory vegetation and ample leaf litter |
Pied-billed Grebe |
PBGR | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Peregrine Falcon |
PEFA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Cliffs, tall buildings, towers |
Piping Plover |
PIPL | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Coastal, sandy beach |
Pine Siskin |
PISI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Conifers |
Pine Warbler |
PIWA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Variety of pine forest types |
Pileated Woodpecker |
PIWO | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Matured forest, especially bottomland |
Prairie Warbler |
PRAW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Brushy fields, powerline cuts, edges |
Prothonotary Warbler |
PROW | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Variety of deciduous or mixed forest types, saplings in field edge bordered by forest |
Purple Finch |
PUFI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Conifers in mixed woods, suburbs, parklands |
Purple Martin |
PUMA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Open areas; edge of saltmarsh, coastal farmland, and golf courses |
Rose-breasted Grosbeak |
RBGR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Deciduous and mixed forest, woodlots, shade trees of parks and suburbs |
Ring-billed Gull |
RBGU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Lakes, reservoirs |
Red-breasted Merganser |
RBME | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal marsh |
Red-breasted Nuthatch |
RBNU | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Coniferous forest |
Red-bellied Woodpecker |
RBWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Older-growth forest and woodlots |
Ruby-crowned Kinglet |
RCKI | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous woods |
Red Crossbill |
RECR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coniferous forest |
Red-eyed Vireo |
REVI | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Mixed and deciduous Woods |
Red-headed Woodpecker |
RHWO | 5 / 20 |
8 / 25 | Open country with scattered trees |
Ring-necked Duck |
RNDU | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, stump ponds |
Ring-necked Pheasant |
RNEP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open scrub, pastures, fields |
Rock Pigeon |
ROPI | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Buildings, bridges, towers in urban areas, farms |
Roseate Tern |
ROST | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal islands |
Red-shouldered Hawk |
RSHA | 4 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Wet mixed forests, swamps |
Red-tailed Hawk |
RTHA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Mature woodlands, often near edges |
Ruby-throated Hummingbird |
RTHU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open woodland, rural and suburban gardens, edge |
Rusty Blackbird |
RUBL | 5 / 25 |
7 / 25 | Boreal bog |
Ruddy Duck |
RUDU | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Ruffed Grouse |
RUGR | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Mixed upland woods |
Red-winged Blackbird |
RWBL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Wide variety of densely vegetated freshwater habitats, higher saltmarsh |
Sandhill Crane |
SACR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Extensive, freshwater marsh or bog |
Savannah Sparrow |
SAVS | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Scarlet Tanager |
SCTA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature deciduous forest |
Short-eared Owl |
SEOW | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Extensive coastal grassland/heathland |
Seaside Sparrow |
SESP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Saltmarsh |
Sedge Wren |
SEWR | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Wet meadows, freshwater marshes |
Snowy Egret |
SNEG | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Sora |
SORA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 25 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Song Sparrow |
SOSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Forest edge, brushy areas, marsh edges, suburbs |
Spotted Sandpiper |
SPSA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 5 | Coastal shores, shores of freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers, streams |
Sharp-shinned Hawk |
SSHA | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Conifers in mature woodlands |
Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow |
SSTS | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Saltmarsh |
Swamp Sparrow |
SWSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Freshwater wetlands including cattail marsh, swamps, river meadow, and pond edges |
Swainson's Thrush |
SWTH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce/fir forest |
Tennessee Warbler |
TEWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous forestĀ |
Tree Swallow |
TRES | 5 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Open areas or woodland edge near wetlands; including saltmarsh |
Tricolored Heron |
TRHE | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Tufted Titmouse |
TUTI | 4 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Deciduous (especially oak) forest, riparian woodlands, and residential areas |
Turkey Vulture |
TUVU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
Upland Sandpiper |
UPSA | 5 / 20 |
7 / 15 | Extensive grasslands, especially airports |
Veery |
VEER | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Moist mixed forest |
Vesper Sparrow |
VESP | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Short grass areas, agricultural fields, clearings in pine barrens, coastal moors |
Virginia Rail |
VIRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Salt, fresh, or brackish pond or marsh |
Warbling Vireo |
WAVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Semi-open borders of river meadows, ponds, and streams |
White-breasted Nuthatch |
WBNU | 4 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Deciduous forest |
White-eyed Vireo |
WEVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Moist areas, thickets, tangles of vines or briers. |
Worm-eating Warbler |
WEWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Brushy undergrowth of rocky, wooded hillsides and ravines, usually near water |
Willow Flycatcher |
WIFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Shrub (esp. Willow) swamp |
Willet |
WILL | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal beach, dunes, saltmarsh |
Wilson's Phalarope |
WIPH | 6 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Saltmarsh |
Wilson's Snipe |
WISN | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Bog, wet meadow |
Wild Turkey |
WITU | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Mature deciduous woods, edge |
Winter Wren |
WIWR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Cool, moist, coniferous or mixed woods, swamps, bogs, streams, brooks |
Wood Duck |
WODU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, freshwater marshes, streams, rivers |
Wood Thrush |
WOTH | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature forest |
Whip-poor-will |
WPWI | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Secondary forest, copses, pine barrens,scrub oak, edge |
White-throated Sparrow |
WTSP | 5 / 20 |
8 / 20 | Scrubby habitats esp with conifers (C, W); Red Maple, Atlantic White Cedar (SE) |
White-winged Crossbill |
WWCR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coniferous forest |
Yellow-breasted Chat |
YBCH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Thickets, esp regenerating fields and pastures |
Yellow-billed Cuckoo |
YBCU | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Forested habitats, edge |
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher |
YBFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Spruce/Sphagnam bog |
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker |
YBSA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | higher-elavation hardwoods |
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron |
YCNH | 5 / 5 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Yellow-rumped Warbler |
YRWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature White Pines (SE), coniferous forest (C, W) |
Yellow-throated Vireo |
YTVI | 5 / 20 |
8 / 10 | Open deciduous and mixed forest and riparian woodlands |
Yellow Warbler |
YWAR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Margins of freshwater marsh, other wet brushy areas, farmland |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric)
** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and
therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer
(given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals.
Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used.
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