Cederholm, C. J., M. D. Kunze, T. Murota and A. Sibatani (1999).  Pacific salmon 
carcasses: Essential contributions of nutrients and energy for aquatic and 
terrestrial ecosystems. Fisheries.  24:6-15.
	
Pacific salmon and other anadromous salmonids represent a major vector for 
transporting marine nutrients across ecosystem boundaries (i.e., from marine to 
freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems). Salmon carcasses provide nutrients and 
energy to biota within aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through various 
pathways. In this paper we review and synthesize the growing number of studies 
documenting this process in different localities. We also discuss the 
implications for maintaining the nutrient feedback system. Our findings show 
that future management will need to view spawning salmon and their carcasses as 
important habitat components for sustaining the production of fish as well as 
other salmon-dependent species within watersheds.