in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date April 6, 2003 Issue IN-CW1403 Agricultural Summary THIS REPORT IS THE FIRST CROP WEATHER REPORT FOR THE 2003 GROWING SEASON. A SERIES OF WEEKLY CROP PROGRESS REPORTS WILL BE PUBLISHED EACH MONDAY AT 3:00 P.M. EST THROUGHOUT THE CROP SEASON. These reports will cover planting and harvesting activities, crop development, weather data and timely crop management information provided by Purdue University experts. For the earliest possible access, look for these reports on the internet shortly after the 3:00 P. M. release time. Our home page address is located at the bottom of this publication. Follow the links to view the text and PDF files. Field Crops Report There were 3.7 days suitable for fieldwork. Soil conditions became progressively drier early in the week in most areas of the state aided by unseasonably warm temperatures and windy conditions. Farmers took advantage of the favorable weather to accomplish fieldwork. A few fields of corn were planted in the southwestern area of the state. Top dressing of winter wheat and applying Harmony has taken place on many fields. Rain along with strong thunderstorms in some areas during the weekend halted most field activities. Seven percent of the winter wheat acreage is jointed compared with 6 percent last year and 17 percent for the 5-year average. Winter wheat condition is rated 80 percent good to excellent compared with 57 percent last year at this time. Wheat growth was slow earlier, but has greened up rapidly during the last two weeks and growing. Major activities during the week were tillage of soils, applying fertilizer, spraying chemicals, preparing equipment, moving grain to market, hauling manure, cleaning out fence rows and ditches along with taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 2 percent excellent, 37 percent good, 42 percent fair, 17 percent poor and 2 percent very poor. Pastures are improving, but need more rain to help growth and development. Livestock are in mostly good condition around the state. Hay supplies are rated 22 percent very short, 43 percent short, 34 percent adequate and 1 percent surplus. Lambing and calving are active. Crop Progress Table -------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg -------------------------------------------------------- Percent Winter Wheat Jointed 7 NA 6 17 Crop Condition Table -------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent -------------------------------------------------------- Percent Pasture 2 17 42 37 2 Winter Wheat 2003 0 2 18 68 12 Winter Wheat 2002 1 8 34 49 8 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : Week : Week : Year ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 3 NA 0 Short 8 NA 1 Adequate 66 NA 38 Surplus 23 NA 61 Subsoil Very Short 9 NA 0 Short 13 NA 4 Adequate 67 NA 60 Surplus 11 NA 36 Days Suitable 3.7 NA 0.9 Contact information --Greg Preston, State Statistician --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm Other Agricultural Comments And News Broadleaf Weed Control in Winter Wheat Unlike corn and soybean, only a handful of herbicides are registered for the control of broadleaf weeds in winter wheat grown in Indiana. Herbicides, rates and their application timings are listed in the table below. It is also important to be aware that restrictions exist concerning application timing of these herbicides to avoid crop injury. Phenoxy herbicides, such as 2,4-D and MCPA, control a number of annual broadleaf weeds and are the least expensive of these herbicides to use. However, proper application timing of the growth- regulating herbicides 2, 4-D, MCPA and Banvel is critical to avoid crop injury and possible yield losses. These herbicides can cause substantial crop injury and yield loss in small grains if applied before tillering begins or after development of the grain heads has been initiated. Table 1. Herbicides to control broadleaf weeds in winter wheat. Active Trade Name(s) Rate Application Weeds Ingredient per Acre Timing Controlled Bromoxynil Buctril, Moxy 1.5 to 2 pts. Emergence to Wild buckwheat, boot stage common ragweed, lambsquarter, field pennycress, henbit, shepherdspurse, wild mustard 2,4-D Weedar,Weedone, 1 to 2 pts. Tillering to Field pennycress, Formula 40,others before jointing shepherdspurse, wild mustard, ragweeds, lambsquarter, horseweed (marestail), prickly lettuce, wild onion dicamba Banvel 0.125 to 0.25 pt. Emergence to Field pennycress, before jointing wild buckwheat, ragweeds, kochia, lambsquarter, horseweed (marestail), prickly lettuce, shepherdspurse Thifen- Harmony GT 0.3 to 0.6 oz. After 2-leaf Wild garlic, sulfuron stage, but before field pennycress, flag leaf wild mustard, becomes visible chickweed, henbit, shepherdspurse, wild mustard, lambsquarter Thifen- Harmony 0.3 to 0.6 oz. After 2-leaf stage, Wild garlic, sulfuron Extra but before flag field pennycress, + triben leaf becomes wild mustard, -uron visible chickweed, henbit, prickly- lettuce, shepherdspurse, wild mustard, lambsquarter MCPA Chiptox, 1 to 4 pts. Tillering to Field pennycress, Rhomene, before jointing shepherdspurse, Rhonox wild mustard, ragweeds lambsquarter, horseweed (marestail), prickly lettuce, wild buckwheat Bromoxynil Bronate 1 to 2 pts. After 3-leaf Same as bromoxynil + MCPA Bison stage, but and MCPA before wheat reaches boot stage Carfen- Aim 0.33 to Before jointing Catchweed bedstraw, trazone 0.66 oz. lambsquarter, field pennycress, tansy mustard, flixweed The exact time at which grain heads have been initiated is not easy to determine, but this event always just precedes stem elongation. The occurrence of stem elongation can be easily detected by the appearance of the first node or "joint" above the soil surface, commonly referred to as the "jointing stage." Pinch a wheat plant stem at the base between the thumb and forefinger and slide your fingers up the stem. The presence of a node or joint will be felt as a hard bump about an inch above the soil surface. Slicing the stem lengthwise with a sharp knife will reveal a cross section of the hollow stem and solid node. If jointing has occurred, applications of 2,4-D, MCPA and Banvel should be avoided because crop injury and yield loss are likely. Research from the University of Missouri Weed Science program has shown a 3-to 6-bushel per acre yield loss from 2,4-D and Banvel applications to wheat after the jointing stage. MCPA alone at labeled rates should be applied before jointing. However, the amount of MCPA applied in Bronate, a combination of bromoxynil and MCPA, is low enough to permit later applications. As a final note, many wheat fields in Indiana contain wild garlic and wild onion. Although not considered as strong competitors with a wheat crop, wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild onion (Allium canadense) are both responsible for imparting a strong odor to beef and dairy products. Wheat producers and grain elevator operators are very familiar with dockages that occur with the presence of wild garlic or onion bulbs in their harvested grain. Found throughout Missouri, wild garlic is a native of Europe, while wild onion is native. Despite the fact that these perennials both occur in similar habitats, wild garlic occupies the majority of small grain settings, including wheat. Control measures for wild onion and wild garlic will differ. Producers, consultants and industry personnel will want to make certain that they are able to distinguish between these two weed species. The vegetative leaves of wild garlic are linear, smooth, round and hollow (flowering stems are solid). A major difference with wild onion is that its leaves are flat in cross section and not hollow. Another varying feature are the underground bulbs. Wild garlic's bulbs have a thin membranous outer coating while wild onion's bulbs have a fibrous, net-veined coating. Harmony Extra (thifensulfuron + tribenuron) is the herbicide most commonly used for control of garlic in wheat, plus it controls a relatively wide spectrum of other broadleaf weeds and possesses a fairly wide application window. Harmony GT (thifensulfuron) also has activity on wild garlic, but is considered to be slightly weaker than Harmony Extra. Peak is also labeled and effective on wild garlic in wheat, but it is fairly persistent in soil. The Peak label does not allow one to plant double crop soybean following wheat harvest in Missouri. Wild onion is controlled with 2,4-D. Keep in mind that both of these weeds are perennials and the full labeled rate is needed for adequate control. This article also contains a graphic chart showing the wheat yield following 2,4-D and Banvel applications at Columbia, MO. The chart can be viewed at: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/ext/targets/p&c/ P&C2003/P&C2_2003.pdf. Bill Johnson and Glenn Nice, Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University. Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday April 6, 2003 --------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|-----------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days|Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |82 23 51 +5 1.83 3 50 Valparaiso_AP_I |81 26 49 +5 1.61 3 Wanatah |80 25 48 +5 1.70 3 51 Wheatfield |82 26 51 +8 1.55 3 Winamac |80 26 50 +6 1.33 3 49 North Central(2)| Plymouth |79 23 48 +3 1.48 3 South_Bend |78 24 47 +4 2.17 3 Young_America |78 27 51 +6 0.83 3 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |77 26 46 +3 1.30 3 49 Fort_Wayne |76 27 47 +3 1.68 3 West Central (4)| Greencastle |76 25 51 +4 0.29 1 Perrysville |82 26 53 +7 0.55 1 50 Spencer_Ag |77 24 53 +6 0.40 1 Terre_Haute_AFB |78 27 54 +7 0.33 1 W_Lafayette_6NW |82 28 53 +8 1.18 3 54 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |76 29 54 +7 0.15 1 Greenfield |77 28 51 +5 0.68 1 Indianapolis_AP |76 27 54 +6 0.32 1 Indianapolis_SE |77 25 52 +5 0.69 1 Tipton_Ag |77 26 50 +6 0.36 1 55 East Central (6)| Farmland |76 25 50 +7 0.38 1 47 New_Castle |74 23 47 +4 0.68 2 Southwest (7) | Evansville |76 27 56 +4 0.08 1 Freelandville |75 28 52 +4 0.43 1 Shoals |79 26 53 +4 0.22 1 Stendal |77 30 54 +4 0.06 1 Vincennes_5NE |78 27 54 +5 0.21 1 49 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |75 26 53 +4 0.23 1 Oolitic |75 27 53 +5 0.72 1 51 Tell_City |77 33 56 +6 0.45 1 Southeast (9) | Brookville |79 27 53 +7 0.40 1 Milan_5NE |76 27 52 +6 0.46 1 Scottsburg |78 26 54 +5 0.25 1 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- | Accumulation | April 1, 2003 thru Station | April 6, 2003 | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W | 1.83 +1.17 3 50 +38 Valparaiso_AP_I | 1.61 +0.86 3 39 +33 Wanatah | 1.70 +0.98 3 38 +32 Wheatfield | 1.55 +0.83 3 49 +43 Winamac | 1.33 +0.63 3 50 +44 North Central(2)| Plymouth | 1.48 +0.75 3 42 +35 South_Bend | 2.17 +1.40 3 38 +32 Young_America | 0.83 +0.17 3 48 +42 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City | 1.30 +0.58 3 30 +26 Fort_Wayne | 1.68 +1.02 3 30 +24 West Central (4)| Greencastle | 0.29 -0.43 1 52 +39 Perrysville | 0.55 -0.20 1 59 +48 Spencer_Ag | 0.40 -0.39 1 54 +42 Terre_Haute_AFB | 0.33 -0.40 1 61 +47 W_Lafayette_6NW | 1.18 +0.50 3 58 +52 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP | 0.15 -0.60 1 60 +48 Greenfield | 0.68 -0.09 1 53 +45 Indianapolis_AP | 0.32 -0.43 1 59 +47 Indianapolis_SE | 0.69 -0.02 1 54 +42 Tipton_Ag | 0.36 -0.39 1 44 +38 East Central (6)| Farmland | 0.38 -0.31 1 48 +42 New_Castle | 0.68 -0.09 2 34 +28 Southwest (7) | Evansville | 0.08 -0.75 1 64 +37 Freelandville | 0.43 -0.34 1 51 +33 Shoals | 0.22 -0.63 1 57 +39 Stendal | 0.06 -0.84 1 57 +36 Vincennes_5NE | 0.21 -0.56 1 53 +35 South Central(8)| Leavenworth | 0.23 -0.73 1 55 +37 Oolitic | 0.72 -0.09 1 55 +42 Tell_City | 0.45 -0.52 1 64 +40 Southeast (9) | Brookville | 0.40 -0.38 1 57 +49 Milan_5NE | 0.46 -0.32 1 54 +46 Scottsburg | 0.25 -0.60 1 59 +41 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2003: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service