 |
Chemical Sampling Information |
|
| Phenothiazine |
|
General Description
Synonyms: Dibenzoparathiazine Thiodiphenylamine; AFI-Tiazin; Agrazine; Antiverm; Biverm; Dibenzothiazine; Orimon; Thiodiphenylamine; Lethelmin; Souframine; Nemazene; Vermitin; Padophene; Fenoverm; Fentiazine; Contaverm; Fenothiazine
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2041
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 92-84-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: SN5075000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Phenothiazine: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 5 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 5 mg/m3 TWA; Skin
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Itching, irritation, reddening of skin; cough, sore throat; hepatitis, hemolytic anemia; abdominal cramps; tachycardia, irregular heart beat; kidney damage; allergic liver reaction, toxic liver degeneration; eye redness, pain; skin photosensitization, dermatitis; muscle twitching and shaking; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain; nausea, vomiting.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Moderate (HE15); Photosensitization-Skin (HE3)
Affected organs: Skin, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys
Notes: 1) OSHA does not have a PEL for phenothiazine. 2) About two-thirds of orally administered radiolabeled phenothiazine in human volunteers was excreted unchanged in the feces and several metabolites were excreted in the urine with a biphasic half-life of 6-16 hours. Major urinary metabolites include phenothiazine N-glucuronide and leucophenothiazone sulfate. 3) Some of the toxic effects of phenothiazine may be caused by one or more of its unconjugated metabolites. 4) Tolerance limits for phenothiazine, when used as a pesticide (Bar Fly insecticide), were revoked by the EPA in 1995, after its registration was cancelled. 5) Phenothiazine is denoted by the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences as the veterinary drug of choice for treating cecal worm (Heterakis gallinae) infection in poultry.
Date Last Revised: 05/11/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Phenothiazine.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Phenothiazine.
- Jacobs, R.D., Hogsette, J.A. and Butcher, G.D.: Nematode parasites of poultry (and where to find them). Document No. PS18, Animal Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, 5 pp., 1997.
- Mitchell, S.C.: The toxicity of phenothiazine. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 11(3): 201-235, 1994.
- Mitchell, S.C., Kestell, P., Steventon, G.B. and Waring, R.H.: Fate of the anthelmintic, phenothiazine, in man. Xenobiotica 32(9): 771-782, 2002.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Phenothiazine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1824-1826.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
-
sampling media: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm)
maximum volume: 100 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/NPD
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA PV2048)
method classification: Partially Validated
note: Protect samples from sunlight.
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
Back to Top
www.osha.gov
