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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION: Understand? Chapter I: THE IMAGINARY CONSTRUCTS OF SOCIAL DESTRUCTIVENESS Unpromising avenues¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. The power of imaginary constructs¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Destructive fantasies Between imaginary and real: the role of ideology From the identity narrative to the figure of Traitor¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ The stigmatisation of "minor" differences Figures of the enemy within From the quest for purity to the figure of the Other in excess ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Identitarian purity and political purity From the security dilemma to the destruction of the enemy ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Conspiracy and paranoia Delirious rationality Destroy ¿Them¿ to save ¿Us¿ Chapter II: FROM INFLAMMATORY DISCOURSE TO SACRIFICIAL VIOLENCE The intellectual springboard¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ The creation of scientific myths Warmongering intellectuals? Reaching political legitimacy ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.. Hitler¿s rise to power Milosevic and the dream of a ¿Greater Serbia¿ Kayibanda and the formation of a Rwandan state Prophets of chaos Feeding fear and resentment: the role of the media The pernicious tree of propaganda From the religious to the sacrificial ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Germany: Dietrich Bonhoeffer¿s solitary crusade The Orthodox Church and the "Serbian martyr" The Rwandan Catholic Church: between support for the regime and internal contradictions The sacrificial regeneration of ¿We¿ Societies torn between adhesion, consent and resistance ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.. "The spiral of silence" The breakdown of social relations The role of the third party Chapter III: INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT, WAR AND THE MEDIA A structure of political opportunities ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Modern states and massacres A legacy of ethnic violence Massacres and population flows State collapse and outbursts of extreme violence Rwanda-Burundi: false ethnic twins Serbia/Croatia: a fratricidal duo Nazi Germany / the Soviet Union: two totalitarianisms clash The passivity of the ¿international community¿ Spilling into war¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿..¿ The politicisation of war Conquering "living space" War against civilians Towards the destruction of the Inyenzis Refusing the spiral of mass murder The new universe of war Telling the world: a last resort?¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ The extermination of the Jews: discovering the horror¿ and then doing nothing about it¿ Bosnia: knowing... and pretending Rwanda: knowing... and leaving The so-called ¿CNN effect¿ and state indifference Chapter IV: THE DYNAMICS OF MASS MURDER The decision-making process and the decision-makers ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Nazi Germany: the pre-eminence of Hitler Rwanda, a public call to genocide Yugoslavia: the dismemberment of the federal system Pinpointing THE decision? The organisation of mass murder and the actors involved ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Nazi Germany: ideological warriors Rwanda: "Going to work" Serbia: alternative armed forces Organised practices and local initiatives The symbol of Srebrenica From collective indifference to popular participation in massacres ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿... The fate of the Jews: between hostility and indifference Rwanda: towards mass involvement in mass murder The autism of the Serbian population Territorial defence Ordinary rescuers Resistance: the energy of despair Morphologies of extreme violence ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ When the threatened state becomes the threatening state From partial to total destruction Mass murder technologies Chapter V: THE VERTIGO OF IMPUNITY Crossing the threshold into violence ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Massacre, pillage, business Socialising into violence Becoming a killer on the battlefield What do killers think about while massacring? Cognitive dissonance and rationalisations Divine legitimation The tipping mechanism ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. The crime of obedience Group conformity The dual learning process of massacre ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ The Murdering Self Task specialisation and the professionalisation of slaughter The killers' profiles: revisiting "the banality of evil" ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Ordinary executioners The involvement of women and children The ambiguity of evil The banality of evil revisited Sexual violence and other atrocities ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ A variety of indefinite interpretations Rational choice? Towards orgiastic violence Delecting in cruelty The abyss of the "grey zone" Chapter VI: THE POLITICAL USES OF MASSACRES AND GENOCIDES Instrumentalisations of a word that is impossible to define?¿¿.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.. "Genocide": a legacy of international law Pioneer studies in the social sciences Distancing genocide studies from the frame of law ........................................... "Massacre" as unit of reference Analysing destruction processes Destroying to subjugate ¿¿¿¿¿¿ From warfare to ruling over the population Communist regimes: Reshaping the social body The paradigm of Democratic Kampuchea Destroying to eradicate ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.. Surgical practices in politics The Holocaust paradigm Politicidal regimes? From "ethnic cleansing" to ¿genocide¿ Destroying to revolt ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. The rhetorics of terrorism The 11 September 2001 paradigm "Ordinary" candidates for sacrifice? Conclusion: THE ¿NEVER AGAIN¿ REFRAIN¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Crisis prevention: arguments and illusions An ethics of responsibility "The revenge of passions" Appendix I: Investigating a massacre Appendix II: Comparing massacres Appendix III: An Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence Bibliography Name Index Subject Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Genocide -- Political aspects.