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1. Development Challenges and Opportunities Confronting Economies in Transition (EJ786935)
Author(s):
Estes, Richard J.
Source:
Social Indicators Research, v83 n3 p375-411 Sep 2007
Pub Date:
2007-09-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Economic Change; Foreign Countries; Social Development; Economics Education
Abstract: "Economies in Transition" (hereafter EIT or EITs) are countries in the process of shifting from "command" to "more open", liberalized, free market economic systems. In addition to achieving major structural adjustments to their economies, the transformational process requires the introduction of a high degree of transparency in both the economic and political spheres of society. The transfer of state assets to private ownership is one part of the process as well, as is the creation or opening of "political space" that permits the emergence of private enterprise, multiparty political systems, and the introduction of a broad range of non-governmental organizations that carry out missions and functions which people themselves prefer to perform. Thus, the process of economic transformation requires a major socio-political-economic paradigm shift...one that places people and their needs at the center of the transformational process. The process is extremely difficult to achieve and is fraught with many dangers for countries that enter into it without substantial guidance from more economically advanced countries. This paper reports on the social development successes and failures of 31 economies in transition over the 15-year period 1990-2005. Included in the analysis are EITs located in East and South East Asia (N = 5), Central and Eastern Europe (N = 10), all 12 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States including the Russian Federation (N = 12), Turkey (N = 1), and the three Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (N = 3). Using the author's extensively pre-tested Weighted Index of Social Progress (WISP), the paper reports data at three levels of analysis: (1) WISP performances for all 31 EITs-as-a-group; (2) sub-regional performances on the WISP and its component sub-indexes for each of the six EIT sub-regions included in the analysis; and (3) country-specific performances on the WISP for each of the 31 countries included in the analysis. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Returns to Education in the Economic Transition: A Systematic Assessment Using Comparable Data (EJ819487)
Flabbi, Luca; Paternostro, Stefano; Tiongson, Erwin R.
Economics of Education Review, v27 n6 p724-740 Dec 2008
2008-12-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education; Foreign Countries; Free Enterprise System; Economics; Economic Research; Economic Impact; Cost Effectiveness; Input Output Analysis
Abstract: This paper studies a sample of economies in transition to verify the assertion that returns to schooling increase as an economy transitions to a market environment. This claim has been difficult to assess in the past as the empirical evidence so far has covered only a few countries over short time periods. A number of studies find that returns to education increased from the "pre-transition" period to the "early transition" period; it is not clear what has happened to the skills premium through the late 1990s, or the period thereafter. We implement a more systematic analysis using data comparable across countries and over time to estimate returns to schooling in eight transition economies (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Slovak Republic and Slovenia). The analysis covers the early transition period up to 2002; in the case of Hungary, we capture the transition process more fully, beginning in the late 1980s. Compared to the existing literature, we also implement more comprehensive robustness checks on the estimated returns, although at best we offer only an incomplete solution to the problem of endogeneity. We find that the evidence of a rising trend in returns to schooling over the transition period is weak. There are, however, significant differences in returns across countries. These differentials have remained roughly constant over the last 15 years. We speculate on the likely institutional and structural factors underpinning these results. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Facilitating Innovations in Higher Education in Transition Economies (EJ796581)
Saginova, Olga; Belyansky, Vladimir
International Journal of Educational Management, v22 n4 p341-351 2008
2008-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Higher Education; Educational Needs; Educational Innovation; Professional Education; Global Approach; Technological Advancement; Competition; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Partnerships in Education
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse innovations in education from the point of view of product content and markets selected. Emerging market economies face a number of problems many of which are closely linked to and dependent upon the effectiveness of higher professional education. External environment changes, such as the formation of knowledge economy, globalisation, changes in the educational needs of consumers as well as new technological advances and growing competition require a different scale of innovations in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: The authors provide research results generated by three waves of expert interviews and several surveys. Findings: Economies in transition set special and very challenging tasks to the higher education system. It needs to be flexible enough to provide high quality services to meet the changing needs of a transition economy and still be able to carry our its social and humanitarian functions. A strategic marketing approach can be useful to implement the necessary transformations within higher education and develop innovations in the content and delivery of educational services to satisfy a variety of stakeholders of a university and facilitate positive developments in the society. Research limitations/implications: There is a gap between how universities perceive their main functions in a transition economy and what government and society expects from them. Practical implications: Export of education and other forms of internationalisation are very important for universities in transition economies. Unless linked to the university development strategy, internationalisation has little impact on the programmes' quality and will remain elite in character. Originality/value: The paper combines conceptual issues (such as educational service definition) and practical aspects such as new competencies needed, transformation management and internationalisation strategy development all linked together by the needs of transition economies. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Developing Graduate Marketing Programs for Economies in Transition (EJ804454)
Chadraba, Petr G.; O'Keefe, Robert D.
Journal of Marketing Education, v29 n3 p218-222 2007
2007-00-00
Descriptors: Marketing; Business Administration Education; Ethics; Cultural Context; Economic Change; Concept Teaching; Discussion (Teaching Technique); Relevance (Education); Cultural Awareness
Abstract: This article summarizes some of the authors' experiences in introducing marketing concepts to students involved in the transition from planned to market economies. It addresses critical issues involved in the translation of these concepts within languages that often have no words that are synonymous with these terms. The authors discuss methods for establishing open classroom discussion in countries where pedagogy depended almost solely on lectures and assessment depended almost entirely on memorization rather than the application of terms, definitions, and concepts. The article discusses methods for choosing business cases for discussion and analysis that are relevant to the students' level of experience. The authors show how to use the cases over the period of individual courses and within comprehensive degree programs. Finally, the article discusses the importance of marketing strategy and the concept of choice to the success of economic transition. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Teaching about the Transition Economies. (EJ586758)
Schug, Mark C.; McCorkle, Sarapage; Morton, John S.
Social Studies, v89 n6 p250-51 Nov-Dec 1998
1998-00-00
Guides - Classroom - Teacher; Journal Articles
N/A
Descriptors: Economic Change; Economics; Economics Education; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; History Instruction; Instructional Materials; International Studies; Social Change; Social Studies
Abstract: Describes two books of curriculum materials published by the National Council on Economic Education regarding the Central and East European transition economies: (1) "Economies in Transition: Command to Market" (1997); and (2) "From Plan to Market: Teaching Ideas for Social Studies, Economics, and Business Classes" (1997). (DSK) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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6. Economies in Transition: Command to Market. Teacher Resource Manual. EconomicsAmerica. (ED418014)
Anderson, Curt; Dick, Robert; Prager, Jeffrey; Stivers, Nolan; Ware, Judith; Burke, Francis; Keay, Thomas; Rothweiler, Deborah; Tepe, Henry; Suiter, Mary, Ed.; McCorkle, Sarapage, Ed.
1997-00-00
Guides - Non-Classroom
Descriptors: Capitalism; Communism; Economic Change; Economic Climate; Economic Development; Economics; Economics Education; Fascism; Foreign Countries; Free Enterprise System; Global Education; Marxism; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Socialism
Abstract: The materials in this publication were developed by nine high school teachers from St. Louis, Missouri, and a U.S. economic educator after they attended a program in Kharkiv, Ukraine, to learn about the difficulties of economic transition in that country. This book is designed to provide lessons about basic economic reform issues facing the countries in the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe. Each of the 10 lessons focuses on a specific aspect of economic reform and the challenges that have been encountered. The 10 lessons in this packet include: (1) "A Parking Lot Full of Incentives"; (2) "Who Decides?"; (3) "A Tale of Two Countries"; (4) "Klips and Kupons"; (5) "Economic Transition: The Role of the State"; (6) "All for One, One for All: - Well Maybe: Problems Within a Tightly Controlled Industrial Structure"; (7) "The Money Maze"; (8) "Public to Private"; (9) "Worker Woes: Labor Transition Challenges"; and (10) "Market or Command: Which Is Best for the Environment?" (EH) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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7. Inside the Global Economy: Preview Guide to the Telecourse. (ED424123)
Rabin, Steven
1995-00-00
Guides - Classroom - Teacher; Non-Print Media
Descriptors: Economic Change; Economic Climate; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Economics; Economics Education; Global Education; International Relations; Macroeconomics; Secondary Education; Social Studies
Abstract: This document contains samples only of just the print components of a telecourse that includes: 13 videotapes, 2 videodiscs, a recommended textbook, a case-study reader and review guide, a text study guide, a faculty manual with text bank; and a computer softrware tutorial. This telecourse examines international global economies by means of 13 one-hour television programs, supported by the printed documentary material and computerized tutorial for use by faculty as student viewers. The preview guide offers a synopsis of each program and a general description of the print and computerized components of each program. The series includes: (1) "Trade - An Introduction"; (2) "Protectionism"; (3) "Trade Policy"; (4) "Trade Liberalization and Regional Trade Blocs"; (5) "Labor and Capital Mobility"; (6) "Multinational Corporations"; (7) "Fixed Versus Floating Exchange Rates"; (8) "Managing Currencies and Policy Coordination"; (9) "Exchange Rates, Capital Flight, and Hyperinflation"; (10) "Developing Countries"; (11) "Economies in Transition"; (12) "The Environment"; and (13) "The Evolving World Economy." The television/video series contains interviews with a range of individuals in the private and public sector around the globe who offer unique insights from the viewpoints of both those who make economic policy and those affected by it. (EH) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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8. Ugly Facts and Fancy Theories: Children and Youth during the Transition. Innocenti Occasional Papers Economic Policy Series, Number 47. Special Subseries: Economies in Transition. (ED388411)
Cornia, Giovanni Andrea
1995-04-00
Opinion Papers; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Descriptors: Adolescents; Child Welfare; Delinquency; Economic Change; Economic Factors; Economically Disadvantaged; Elementary Education; Foreign Countries; Policy Formation; Poverty; Preschool Education; Public Policy; Social Change; Social Planning; Social Problems; Standards; Student Welfare; Young Children
Abstract: This is a report sponsored by UNICEF on the effects of economic and political transition in Europe, particularly Eastern Europe, on young children and adolescents. The economic theories and changes in labor and markets which have characterized European transitions in the past few years have paid little attention to issues of poverty and child welfare. This economic transition has placed increased responsibility on families who find themselves undergoing economic hardship. The projected European economic growth has instead become a recession. Some countries have seen institutional weakening, predatory privatization, and monopolistic markets. Such conditions have drastic social costs, including increased poverty, mortality, and stress. Of all age groups, children have been the most negatively affected. These negative effects include: increased incidences of morbidity and low birthweight, increases in juvenile crime rates, and increases in the number of teen pregnancies. (Contains 32 references.) (JW) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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