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Reptiles
and Amphibians of Cabeza Prieta NWR |
The hot and dry climate of Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge is ideally suited to the needs of cold-blooded reptiles. Generally the region experiences 90 to 100 straight days of temperatures of 100 degrees farenheight from June to October. Rainfall on the refuge varies from an average of 7.5 cm in the western regions, to a 20 cm average on the east side (a distance of some 60 miles). Rainfall occurs during July, August, and September in the form of brief but intense summer thunder showers along with longer winter storms that soak into the ground. Freezing temperatures during the winter months rarely occur. This species list is the result of notes and observations of many people over the course of several years. The list is considered to be incomplete and is intended to offer visitors or interested persons an introduction to the refuge's amphibian and reptile species. |
[Toads] [Frogs] [Turtles] [Lizards] [Snakes] [About Poisonous Snakes] |
AmphibiansAmphibians are described as having moist glandular skin and toes without claws. Their young pass through a larval stage (usually aquatic) before metamorphosing into the adult. Frogs and toads belong to this group. Toads and frogs are not generally thought of as resident of the desert, but five toad and at least one frog species occur on the Cabeza Prieta NWR. Most, such as the Colorado river toad, are located near artificial water catchments or natural basins that fill with water during summer storms. Others, such as Couch's spadefoot toad, occur throughout the refuge and are very active following summer thunder showers. ToadsCouch's spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus couchi) Great plains toad (Bufo cognatus) Sonoran green toad (Bufo retiformis) Colorado River Toad (Bufo alvarius) Red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) FrogsCanyon treefrog (Hyla arenicolor) Other toad and frog species thought to occur on the refuge include: Western Spadefoot Toad (Scaphiopus hammondii); Woodhouse's Toad (Bufo woodhousei australis); and the Burrowing Treefrog (Pternohyla fodiens). ReptilesReptiles have scales or plates covering their bodies and their toes (when present) have claws. Turtles, lizards, and snakes are in this group. TurtlesDesert tortoise (gopherus agassizii) LizardsDesert banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus) Chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) Desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides) Colorado desert fringe-toed lizard (Uma notata) Collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) Long-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii) Desert spiny lizard (Sceloporus magister) Long-tailed brush lizard (Urosaurus graciosus) Tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) Side blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana) Desert horned lizard (Phyrnosoma platyrhinos) Regal horned lizard (Phrynosoma solare) Great basin whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris) Sonoran spotted whiptail (Cnemidophorus sonorae) Red-backed whiptail (Cnemidophorus burti xanthonotus) Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) Other lizard species thought to occur on the refuge are: Sonoran spiny lizard (Sceloporus clarki); Flat-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma m'callii); and the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis). SnakesRosy boa (Lichanura trivirgata) Spotted leaf-nosed snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus) Saddled leaf-nosed snake (Phyllorhynchus browni) Coachwhip or red racer (Masticophis flagellum) Sonoran whipsnake (Masticophis bilineatus) Western patch-nosed snake (Salvadora hexalepis) Glossy snake (Arizona elegans) Gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) California kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae) Long-nosed snake (Rinocheilus leconti) Western shovel-nosed snake (Chionactis occipitalis) Arizona lyre snake (Trimorphodon disutatus lambda subsp.) Spotted night snake (Hypseglena torquata) Arizona coral snake (Micruroides euryxanthus) Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) Speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchelli) Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) Black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus) Tiger rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris) Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) Other snake species thought to occur on the refuge include the blind snake (Leptotyphlops humilis). About Poisonous SnakesThe coral snake is a member of a group of snakes that deposit poison through a chewing action that allows the venom to run into the bite through hollow front teeth. Their venom is a variety of neurotoxin that attacks the nervous system of its victim. The poison of the coral snake is highly toxic and very dangerous. Lyre snakes poison victims in much the same way as the coral snake - by chewing. The difference being that the lyre snake's grooved teeth are in the rear of its mouth. Not a great deal is known about the venom of the lyre snake but it is not considered to be dangerous to people. The rattlesnakes are truly an advanced poisonous reptile. They are pit vipers, a group of snakes possessing a heat detecting pit on both sides of the head to help locate prey passing close by. Their fangs are hollow "needles" that extend outward when the mouth is open and can literally "inject" poison into victims. Rattlesnakes are very common in the desert and this, along with their large size, makes them very dangerous snakes. The poison is a type of hemotoxin - the poison destroys blood cells that causes destruction and decay of body tissue. For your safety: Please obtain information on snake bite prevention before entering the refuge. |
Cabeza Prieta National
Wildlife Refuge
1611 North Second Avenue
Ajo, Arizona 85321
Phone: 520/387-6483
Fax: 520/387-5359
r2rw_cp@fws.gov
Last Updated April 15, 2002