Testing Status of Agents at NTP
Ginseng: Appendix 1
Appendix 1. Chemicals and their Biological Activities in Panax Ginseng Root
The following information on Panax ginseng root is contained in the Phytochemical Database, USDA Agricultural Research Service website. The database is maintained by James A. Duke and Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg. It contains an extensive summary of nonubiquitous chemicals identified in Panax ginseng, concentrations in parts per million, and a brief summary of health/toxicity data that is available. Similar information is available for American ginseng (Duke & Beckstrom-Sternberg, 1998).
| Chemicals | Concentration (ppm) | Health Effects |
|---|---|---|
| 2-glucoginsenoside-RF |
50 |
no activity reported |
|
-maltosyl- -d-fructofuranoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
-elemene |
anticancer (cervix) |
|
|
-sitosterol-3-o- -d-glucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
biotin |
0.9 |
antialopecic, antidermatitic, antiseborrheic |
|
campesterol-6'-linolenylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
campesterol-6'-linolylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
campesterol-6'-oleylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
campesterol-6'-palmitylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
campesterol-6'-stearylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
carbon disulfide |
1500 |
no activity reported |
|
d-fructose |
no activity reported |
|
|
d-glucose |
no activity reported |
|
|
disaccharides |
33000 |
no activity reported |
|
fumaric acid |
acidulant, antidermatitic, antihepatocarcinogenic, antioxidant, antipsoriac, antitumor |
|
|
ginsenoside-R0 |
antiaggregant, antiedemic, antiinflammatory, fibrinolytic |
|
|
ginsenoside-Ra2 |
no activity reported |
|
|
ginsenoside-Rb1 |
5000 |
antiamnesic, antipsychotic, antistress, antitumor, antiulcer, calcium antagonist, CNS sedative, corticosteroidogenic, hypothermic, neurogenic, tranquilizer, vasodilator |
|
ginsenoside-Rb2 |
2000 |
corticosteroidogenic, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, hypotriglyceridemic, lipolytic, proteinogenic |
|
ginsenoside-Rb3 |
50 |
no activity reported |
|
ginsenoside-Rc |
3000 |
corticosteroidogenic, lipogenic, vasodilator |
|
ginsenoside-Rd |
2000 |
corticosteroidogenic, neurogenic |
|
ginsenoside-Re |
2000 |
calcium antagonist, corticosteroidogenic, vasodilator |
|
ginsenoside-Rf |
antitumor |
|
|
ginsenoside-Rg1 |
2000 |
antiaggregant, antifatigue, antistress, antitumor, aphrodasiac, calcium antagonist, CNS stimulant, homeostatic, hypoglycemic, stimulant, vasodilator |
|
ginsenoside-Rg2 |
antiaggregant |
|
|
ginsenoside-Rh1 |
hepatoprotectant |
|
|
heptadeca-1-en-4,6-diyn-3,9-diol |
150 |
no activity reported |
|
maleic acid |
no activity reported |
|
|
malic acid |
bacteristat, hemopoietic, possible laxative, pesticide, sialogogue |
|
|
maltose |
no activity reported |
|
|
monosaccharides |
15000 |
no activity reported |
|
o-a -d-glucopyranosyl fructofuranoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
o- a-d-glucopyranosyl glucopyranose |
no activity reported |
|
|
oleanolic acid |
abortifacient, anticariogenic, antifertility, antihepatotoxic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antisarcomic, cancer preventive, cardiotonic, diuretic, hepatoprotectiue, uterotonic |
|
|
panacene |
cerebrotonic |
|
|
panaxic acid |
cardiotonic, hypocholesterolemic, tonic, vasotonic |
|
|
panaxin |
cardiotonic, cerebrotonic, CNS stimulant, endocrine-tonic, myostimulant |
|
|
panaxydol |
cytotoxic |
|
|
panaxynol |
antiaggregant, cytotoxic, fibrinolytic |
|
|
sitosterol-6'-linolenylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
sitosterol-6'-linolylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
sitosterol-6'-oleylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
sitosterol-6'-palmitylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
sitosterol-6'-stearylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
stigmasterol-6'-linolenylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
stigmasterol-6'-linolylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
stigmasterol-6'-palmitylglucoside |
no activity reported |
|
|
stigmasterol-6'-stearylglucoside |
no activity reported |
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Web page last updated on August 15, 2005
