LIST THREE NAMES OF THREE CORPORATIONS WHICH I WOULD LIKE TO
           CALL TO YOUR ATTENTION. PHILIP MORRIS, R.J. REYNOLDS, AND BROWN
           AND WILLIAMSON. TO MAKE IT CLEAR, WE ARE SAYING THAT THE
           DISTANCE THAT MAKE TOBACCO PRODUCTS CAN NOW SELL THEM OVERSEAS
           -- CONTINUE TO SELL THEM OVERSEAS -- WITH A SUBSIDY FROM THE
           FEDERAL TREASURY. TO THE TUNE OF OVER $100 MILLION A YEAR
           ACCIDENT WE ARE SEEING TO THESE PURVEYORS OF THESE DEADLY
           TOBACCO PRODUCTS THAT WE, IN FACT, ARE GOING TO HELP YOU IN

           SELLING YOUR PRODUCT OVERSEAS. ALLOW ME TO PUT THIS IN
           PERSPECTIVE. THE TOBACCO COMPANIES WHICH I'VE JUST NAMED WILL
           HAVE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF $7.2 BILLION,
           AND WE'RE GIVING THEM $100 MILLION TO SUBSIDIZE THE SALE OF
           TOBACCO PRODUCTS OVERSEAS. NOW, SOME WOULD STAND UP AND SAY,
           WELL, SENATOR, WHY WOULD YOU PICK OUT THE TOBACCO COMPANIES?
           IF YOU'RE GOING TO GO AFTER COMPANIES AND THE PRODUCTS THEY
           MAKE, WHY WOULDN'T YOU GO AFTER A LOT OF OTHER COMPANIES TOO?
           PERHAPS SOME ARGUMENT CAN BE MADE ALONG THOSE LINES. BUT LET ME
           TELL YOU WHY I THINK THAT WE SHOULD DEAL WITH TOBACCO EXPORTS

           IN A DIFFERENT MANNER THAN OTHER PRODUCTS THAT ARE BEING
           EXPORTED. AND I WILL USE FOR MY EVIDENCE ON THIS THE STATEMENTS
           OF PHILIP MORRIS ITSELF PUBLISHED ON THEIR WEB SITE AS OF TEN
           DAYS AGO. YOU SEE ALL THESE SOFT LITTLE GAUZEY COMMERCIALS
           ABOUT PHILIP MORRIS, FEEDING POOR PEOPLE, HELPING THE ELDERLY,
           PROVIDING SCHOLARSHIPS. MY FRIENDS AND THOSE WHO ARE WITNESSING
           THIS DEBATE, THIS IS JUST EYE WALSH. THIS IS AN EFFORT BY THE

           TOBACCO COMPANIES TO TELL YOU THEY ARE WARM AND LOVING PEOPLE.
           WELL, THESE WARM AND LOVING PEOPLE SELL A PRODUCT THAT KILLS
           400,000 AMERICANS A YEAR YEAR. THE NUMBER-ONE PREVENTABLE CAUSE
           OF DEATH IN AMERICA TODAY CONTINUES TO BE TOBACCO. WE HAVE JUST
           ENACTED LEGISLATION GIVING A FEDERAL TAX SUBSIDY TO THESE SAME
           TOBACCO COMPANIES TO SELL THIS DEADLY PRODUCT OVERSEAS. IS
           THERE ANY DOUBT THAT IT'S DEADLY?
           WELL, FOR A LONG TIME THE TOBACCO COMPANIES FOR DECADES SAID

           YOU CAN'T PROVE IT. THERE'S NO SCIENCE BEHIND IT. WE CAN PROVE
           THAT TOBACCO MAY NOT BE HARMFUL. WELL, THEY'VE FINALLY GIVEN UP
           ON THAT SAD AND DISGRACEFUL CLAIM, AND THIS IS WHAT THEIR WEB
           SITE STARTED PUBLISHING JUST TEN DAYS AGO. IMAGINE, THIS IS
           PHILIP MORRIS. THIS IS WHAT THEY'RE SAYING. LET ME READ IT IN
           THE RECORD. "CIGARETTE SMOKING AND DISEASE IN SMOKERS."
           
           PHILIP MORRIS SAYS: "WE AGREE WITH THE OVERWHELMING MEDICAL AND
           SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS THAT CIGARETTE SMOKING CAUSES LUNG CANCER,

           HEART DISEASE, EMPHYSEMA AND OTHER SERIOUS DISEASES IN SMOKERS.
           SMOKERS ARE FAR MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP SERIOUS DISEASES LIKE
           LUNG CANCER THAN STPHON SMOKERS. THERE IS NO SAFE CIGARETTE.
           THESE ARE AND HAVE BEEN THE MESSAGES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
           AUTHORITIES WORLDWIDE. SMOKERS AND POTENTIAL SMOKERS SHOULD
           RELY ON THESE MESSAGES IN MAKING ALL SMOKING-RELATED DECISIONS.
           HAVING SAID THAT, WE HAVE JUST AWARDED TO THE COMPANIES THAT
           MAKE THIS DEADLY PRODUCT AND WANT TO SELL IT OVERSEAS A $100

           MILLION-A-YEAR TAX SUBSIDY SUBSIDY. AND DO YOU KNOW WHAT THAT
           MEANS?
           IT MEANS THAT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, WHICH FOR OVER A
           CENTURY HAS BEEN A LEADER IN PUBLIC HEALTH CAUSES AROUND THE
           WORLD, IS NOW GOING TO BE A LEADER IN PURVEYING THIS DEADLY
           CIGARETTE AND TOBACCO PRODUCT IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES. VISIT
           ANY COUNTRY THAT YOU CHOOSE OVERSEAS AND LOOK AT WHAT YOU SEE.
           WITH THE EXCEPTION OF COUNTRIES LIKE POLAND, WHICH SURPRISINGLY
           HAS ENACTED GOOD LEGISLATION TO STOP TOBACCO ADVERTISING AND

           APPEALS TO CHILDREN IN COUNTRY AFTER COUNTRY, YOU FIND THE MOST
           OUTRAGEOUS, DISGRACEFUL ACTIVITY BY AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANIES
           SUBSIDIZED BY AMERICAN TAXPAYERS SELLING THEIR DEADLY PRODUCT
           OVERSEAS. IN THE PHILIPPINES, A VERY CATHOLIC COUNTRY, THEY
           GIVE AWAY THESE CALENDARS SHOWING RELIGIOUS IMAGES WITH
           AMERICAN TOBACCO PRODUCTS. THESE ARE THE THINGS WHICH AMERICAN
           TOBACCO COMPANIES WILL NOW BE DOING WITH THE HELP OF THIS TAX

           SUBSIDY FROM FEDERAL TAXPAYERS. ALLOW ME TO TELL YOU WHAT WE
           FACE HERE. SINCE 1990, PHILIP MORRIS'S SALES HAVE GROWN BY 80%
           OVERSEAS. SMOKING CURRENTLY CAUSES MORE THAN 3.5 MILLION DEATHS
           EACH YEAR THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. WITHIN 20 YEARS, THE NUMBER'S
           EXPECTED TO RISE TO 10 MILLION, WITH 70% OF ALL DEATHS FROM
           SMOKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. LISTEN TO THIS STATISTIC. THIS
           OUGHT TO TELL YOU HOW IMPORTANT THIS ISSUE IS TO THE WORLD.

           TOBACCO WILL SOON BE THE LEADING CAUSE OF DISEASE AND PREMATURE
           DEATH WORLDWIDE, SURPASSING AIDS, MALARIA AND TO CLERK LOSEZE.
           -- AND TUBERCULOSIS. DO YOU TAKE ANY PRIDE IN AN AMERICAN
           CITIZEN THAT IT IS OUR TOBACCO COMPANIES SELLING THESE PRODUCTS
           TO CHILDREN AND TO UNSUSPECTING PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD WHICH
           WILL SOON BE THE PUBLIC HEALTH SCOURGE OF OUR GLOBE?
           DO YOU TAKE ANY COMFORTER SATISFACTION IN THE DECISION WE HAVE

           -- DO YOU TAKE ANY COMFORT OR SATISFACTION IN THE DECISION WE
           HAVE JUST MADE IN THE LAST FEW MINUTES TO GIVE A $100 MILLION
           SUBSIDY EACH YEAR TO THESE TOBACCO COMPANIES SO THEY CAN PEDDLE
           THIS DEADLY PRODUCT TO KIDS AND UNSUSPECTING PEOPLE IN
           COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD?
           CAN YOU HOLD YOUR HEAD UP HIGH AS AN AMERICAN PROUD THAT WE ARE
           NOW SUBSIDIZING THIS DEADLY PRODUCT?
           CAN YOU VISIT THESE COUNTRIES AND SEE THE MARLBORO MAN AND ALL
           OF THE LOGOS THAT WE HAVE SEEN DISAPPEARING IN AMERICA
           REEMERGING IN THESE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES AS MORE AND MORE
           PEOPLE ARE LURED INTO TOBACCO ADDICTION?

           CAN YOU BE PROUD AS AN AMERICAN OF THAT FACT?
           I AM NOT. I'M SADDENED BY IT. AND I'M SADDENED THAT THIS UNITED
           STATES SENATE REFUSED TO ALLOW THIS BILL TO EVEN BE CONSIDERED
           ON THE FLOOR FOR AN AMENDMENT. BUT THAT'S BEEN THE STORY OF THE
           SENATE FOR MONTH AFTER MONTH. WE HAVE BEEN AFRAID TO FACE THE
           REALITY OF DEBATE, AFRAID TO FACE THE TOUGH VOTES. AND FOR SOME
           MEMBERS FROM THOSE STATES THAT PRODUCED TOBACCO OR HAPPEN TO BE

           FRIENDLY TO THE TOBACCO COMPANIES, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A TOUGH
           VOTE. BUT THESE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PROTECTED, THESE SENATORS HAVE
           BEEN PROTECTED FROM EVEN FACING THIS ISSUE. IT IS A TAX SUBSIDY
           TO TOBACCO COMPANIES WHICH WILL LITERALLY KILL PEOPLE AROUND
           THE WORLD. AND THIS COUNTRY, WHICH I AM SO PROUD TO BE PART OF,
           THE STATE I REPRESENT, I AM SO PROUD TO BE THEIR SENATOR HERE
           HERE, THIS COUNTRY WILL BECOME KNOWN TO PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD
           AS THE SOURCE OF DEATH AND DISEASE. PEOPLE NOW WORRIED ABOUT

           DEATHS FROM MALARIA AND TUBERCULOSIS AND AIDS SIT TIGHT TIGHT,
           BECAUSE IN A FEW YEARS, YOU WILL SEE ANOTHER DEADLY DISEASE
           COMING ACROSS YOUR LAND
           
           LAND: EMPHYSEMA, LUNG CANCER, HEART DISEASE FROM AMERICA'S
           TOBACCO PRODUCTS. MARLBOROS, CAMELS, ALL OF THESE PRODUCTS
           OVERSEAS. AND PHILLIP MOSS IS, AFTER THESE PUT ON THESE -- AND
           PHILIP MORRIS, AFTER THESE -- THEY POUT THESE SWEET LITTLE
           COMMERCIALS HOW THEY LOVE THESE CHILDREN, LOVE THESE ELDERLY

           PEOPLE, PUT ON SHE'S SWEET LITTLE COMMERCIALS AND TELL YOU HOW
           LOVABLE THEIR PRODUCT IS. GO TO THEIR WEB SITE, LADIES AND
           GENTLEMEN. GO TO THEIR WEB SITE AND SEE WHAT THIS LOVABLE
           COMPANY SELLS TO MAKE THE PROFITS TO TAKE A MEALS ON WHEELS TO
           AN ELDERLY LADY. THEY SELL A PRODUCT WHICH THEY NOW READILY
           CONCEDE CAUSES DEATH AND DISEASE. AFTER 40 YEARS OF DENIAL,
           THEY'VE FINALLY ADMITTED IT. AND WE HAVE DECIDED THAT WE WANT
           TO SUBSIDIZE THEIR EFFORTS. IT'S A SAD DAY IN THE SENATE. I

           COULD CERTAINLY SUPPORT THIS TAX EFFORT FOR THE MANY
           CORPORATIONS THAT WILL USE IT RESPONSIBLY TO SELL GOOD PRODUCTS
           OVERSEAS. BUT TO THINK THAT THIS CONGRESS WILL BE PARTY TO THIS
           DISGRACEFUL DECISION, IT'S A SAD DAY. IT'S NO SURPRISE A FEW
           YEARS AGO WHEN WE WANTED TO HOLD THE TOBACCO COMPANIES
           ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR SOLICITATION OF CHILDREN, IT WAS STOPPED
           BY THE REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE. WHEN
           THIS ADMINISTRATION, THE CLINTON-GORE ADMINISTRATION, SAID THAT
           THESE TOBACCO COMPANIES OWE FEDERAL TAXPAYERS FOR WHAT THEY'VE

           DONE TO THEM OVER THE YEARS AS THEY'VE SETTLED AND PAID THE
           STATES FOR WHAT THEY HAD DONE TO THEIR CITIZENS AS WELL, THE
           REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP HAS SAID, NO, STOP THE LAWSUIT. DON'T SUE
           THE TOBACCO COMPANIES. LEAVE THEM ALONE. THESE POOR TOBACCO
           COMPANIES. LEAVE THEM ALONE. THEY ONLY HAVE $7.2 BILLION
           ANNUALLY IN PROFITS. WELL, I BELIEVE THE CLINTON CLINTON-GORE
           ADMINISTRATION IS RIGHT. I BELIEVE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DESERVE
           THIS LAWSUIT. THEY DESERVE FOR TOBACCO COMPANIES TO BE HELD
           ACCOUNTABLE. THEY DESERVE FOR THESE COMPANIES TO FINALLY STOP

           SOLICITING OUR CHILDREN, ADDICTING OUR CHILDREN, AGGRESSIVELY
           STOP SELLING THEIR PRODUCTS TO OUR CHILDREN CHILDREN. I'VE BEEN
           IN CONGRESS FOR 18 YEARS. FOR THE LAST 12 YEARS, I HAVE FOUGHT
           I GUESS ON THIS ISSUE MORE THAN ANY OTHER. I CAN ASSURE MY
           FRIENDS IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE IT IS NOT THE END OF THE
           DEBATE. TO THOSE WHO WANT TO GIVE THIS GIFT TO THE TOBACCO
           COMPANIES, THEY CAN EXPECT THIS FIGHT TO CONTINUE. MR.

           PRESIDENT, I YIELD THE FLO FLOOR. MR. GRAMM: MR. PRESIDENT?
           
           

           THE PRESIDING OFFICER: THE SENATOR FROM TEXAS.
           

           MR. GRAMM: MR. PRESIDENT, I WANT TO CONGRATULATE OUR DEAR
           COLLEAGUE FROM NEW YORK. I WANT TO THANK HIM FOR IT LEADERSHIP
           IN DEFENSE OF TRADE. WE HAVE THESE RUNNING DEBATES MOST OF THEM
           RELATED TO THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN THAT HAVE NOTHING TO DO
           WITH THE SENATE'S BUSINESS IN THESE WANING HOURS OF THE SESSION
           ABOUT WHO DESERVES OR WHAT DESERVES CREDIT FOR THE GOLDEN ERA
           WE LIVE IN ECONOMICALLY. I THINK THE PLAIN ANSWER IS MORE THAN

           ANYTHING ELSE, THE CREATION OF A WEALTH-GENERATING MACHINE
           THROUGH WORLD TRADE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS GOLDEN AGE WE LIVE
           IN ECONOMICALLY. OUR COLLEAGUE IS WHAT I THINK OF AS AN
           OLD-TIME DEMOCRAT. THERE USED TO BE A LOT MORE OF THEM HERE
           THAN THERE ARE NOW, AND UNFORTUNATELY THERE'S GOING TO BE ONE
           FEWER. SOME MIGHT THINK THE NUMBER WOULD BE ZERO AFTER SENATOR
           MOYNIHAN. BUT THERE WAS A TIME WHEN THERE WAS A BIPARTISAN

           CONSENSUS IN FAVOR OF WORLD TRADE. UNFORTUNATELY, NOW IT'S SO
           EASY TO DEMAGOGUE AGAINST TRADE BECAUSE YOU CAN IDENTIFY WHO A
           POTENTIAL LOSER IS, IF A COMPANY SHUT DOWN, WHETHER IT WAS
           INEFFICIENT OR -- QUOTE -- "MOVED OFF TO MEXICO," IT NORMALLY
           -- THE CLAIM IS THEY MOVED OFF TO MEXICO. EVERYBODY THAT LOSES
           A JOB KNOWS IT. THE 10 OR 100 JOBS WE CREATE FOR EVERY ONE WE
           LOSE, PEOPLE DON'T KNOW WHY THEY WERE CREATED. SO IT'S HARD

           POLITICALLY TO STAND UP FOR ECONOMIC FREEDOM. AND WHAT IS A
           MORE BASIC ECONOMIC FREEDOM THAN THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE THINGS
           AND SELL THEM ALL AROUND THE WORLD?
           I -- I'D LIKE TO ALSO SAY THAT IN AN ERA WHERE A LOT OF PEOPLE
           ARE RUNNING AWAY AND HIDING ON THE ISSUE OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
           PRETENDING AS IF THE PROBLEM'S SOMEHOW GOING TO GO AWAY, I ALSO
           WANT TO CONGRATULATE OUR COLLEAGUE FROM NEW YORK FOR BEING
           WILLING TO STAND UP ON THAT ISSUE AND MAKE IT CLEAR THAT UNLESS

           WE DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT, UNLESS WE CREATE A WEALTH SOURCE TO
           PAY BENEFITS, THAT WE'RE PERPETRATING A CRUEL HOAX WHERE WE'RE
           GOING TO END UP IN 12 OR 15 YEARS BEING IN A POSITION WHERE
           WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE EXCRUCIATINGLY PAINFUL CHOICES THAT
           AREN'T JUST CHOICES ABOUT SPENDING CUTS VERSUS TAXES. THEY'RE
           REALLY CHOICES WE'LL HAVE TO MAKE BETWEEN OUR PARENTS AND OUR
           CHILDREN. BETWEEN THE SECURITY OF OUR PARENTS AND THE ECONOMIC
           OPPORTUNITY OF OUR CHILDREN. AND WE'LL HAVE TO MAKE THOSE

           CHOICES BECAUSE OF FAILED LEADERSHIP RIGHT NOW TO DEAL WITH
           THIS ISSUE. SO I -- DIDN'T WANT TO PASS UP THIS CHANCE TO SAY
           TO MY COLLEAGUE FROM NEW YORK THAT I'M GLAD HE CAME OUR WAY.
           I'M PROUD TO CALL HIM MY FRIEND AND COLLEAGUE. I REMEMBER IN
           THE FIRST DEALING I EVER HAD WITH THE SENATOR FROM NEW YORK, IT
           WAS ON A TV TALK SHOW. I DON'T KNOW IF HE REMEMBERS IT. AND WE
           SORT OF HAD A SHARP EXCHANGE. I'D LIKE TO SAY THAT I -- I'M NOT

           AS IGNORANT AS I USED TO BE. AND I WANT TO THANK OUR COLLEAGUE
           FROM NEW YORK FOR BEING AN INSTRUCTOR FOR ME AND FOR AMERICA.
           I'M PROUD OF HIS ACADEMIC BACKGROUND. I'M PROUD TO SHARE IT
           WITH HIM.
           

           MR. MOYNIHAN: MR. PRESIDENT, MAY I THANK MY LEARNED AND EVER
           ACCOMMODATING BUT ALMOST ALWAYS ACCOMMODATING FRIEND. I HAVE
           LEARNED SO MUCH FROM HIM HIM. IF HE KNEW HOW LITTLE ECONOMICS I
           BROUGHT TO THIS BODY, HE WOULD APPRECIATE HOW MUCH HE HAS ADDED
           TO IT, FOR WHICH I AM GRATEFUL AS A SCHOLAR OUGHT TO BE, AND
           ACROSS THE AISLE, I ADMIRE HIM SO MUCH AND ONLY WISH HE WAS
           STILL ON THIS SIDE. BUT HE'S ON BOTH SIDES ON THE ISSUES THAT
           MATTER, AND THAT'S WHAT IS IMPORTANT. I THANK MY FRIEND.
           

           MR. GRAMM: THANK YOU. MR. PRESIDENT, I WANT TO COMMENT ON WHERE
           WE ARE. I'M SURE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE CONFUSED. THEY -- THEY
           HEAR THE PRESIDENT SAYING ONE THING. THEY HEAR THE CONGRESS
           SAYING ANOTHER. THEY SEE CHAOS. THEY SEE GRIDLOCK. THEY SEE
           POLITICS AS USUAL. AND I'M SURE THEY'RE WONDERING, WHAT IS ALL
           THIS ABOUT?
           AND LET ME TRY IN THE REMAINING MOMENTS I HAVE TO TRY TO
           EXPLAIN. WE'RE AT THE END OF AN EIGHT-YEAR PRESIDENCY.
           AMERICANS ARE GOING TO THE POLLS NEXT TUESDAY TO MAKE A
           FUNDAMENTAL DECISION. BUT WE HAVE A PRESIDENT IN THE WHITE

           HOUSE NOW WHO WOULD LIKE TO MAKE THE DECISION FOR THE FUTURE
           WHILE HE'S STILL PRESENT BY FORCING CONGRESS TO SPEND FAR
           BEYOND THE BUDGET WE WROTE AND FAR BEYOND THE BUDGET HE WROTE.
           THE PRESIDENT HAS IN ESSENCE SAID THAT IF WE WILL SPEND 30%
{END: 2000/11/01 TIME: 10-45 , Wed.  106TH SENATE, SECOND SESSION}