/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96502088:	Sweden King Gustaf visiting LBL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96502093:	Informal weekly theoretical physics meeting 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602509:	Project director John Heilbron (at right), discusses the LBL history project with his collaborators Bob Seidel (left) and Bruce Wheaton in Stephens Hall, UC's Office for History of Science and Technology. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602524:	Early cyclotroneers includes J.J. Livingood, F. Exner, M.S. Livingston, D. Sloan, Ernest O. Lawrence, M. White, W. Coates, L. Laslett, and T. Lucci in 1933.  This image was obtained from Lawrence-Molly scrapbook. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602525:	Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's scientific and technical staff arranged within and on top of the magnet of the 60-inch cyclotron, 1939. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602529:	F. Kurie, Donald Cooksey, Edward McMillan, Ernest O. Lawrence, and R. Thornton encouraging a beam in the 27-inch cyclotron.  Lawrence, Livingston and Sloan labored to produce a beam between the poles of their 75 ton magnet.  The sheet metal tanks that held the cooling oil leaked.  "We all wore paper hats," Livingston recalls, "to keep the oil out of our hair."  Experimentation with shimming gradually brought the beam to larger radii and energies; two symmetric dees were installed; and in December the new 27-inch cyclotron produced 4.8 MeV hydrogen ions. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602531:	Participants at seventh Institut International de Physizue Solvay Conseil de Physique Solvay, held in Brussels, Belgium in October 1939.  Ernest O. Lawrence, Rutherford, Chadwick, Bohr, Heisenberg, and Cockcroft participated.  What lay in store was a tough time. In October Lawrence brought his results before the seventh Solvay Congress in Brussels. Attendance was a great honor; Lawrence was only the eighth American ever invited, and the sole one for 1933. He did not, however, have the burden and distinction of presenting a full report. He appended a few pages on the operation of cyclotrons and the disintegration of deuterons to a lengthy account of Cambridge work on accelerators.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602750:	Radiation Laboratory camaraderie found a social outlet at DiBiasi's restaurant in Albany, CA. Back row (left to right, standing): Bob Cornog, Ernest Lawrence, Luis Alvarez, Molly Lawrence, Emilio Segre; second row (seated): Jerry Alvarez, Betty Thornton, (standing) Paul Aebersold, Iva Dee Hiatt, Edwin McMillan, Bill Farley; first row: Donald Cooksey, Robert Thornton and Bob Sihlis (celebrant). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602752:	Posing with the newly completed 60-inch cyclotron in the Crocker Laboratory are (left to right) Donald Cooksey, D. Corson, Ernest O. Lawrence, R. Thornton, J. Backus and W. Salisbury and (on top) L. Alvarez and E. McMillan. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602754:	Ernest O. Lawrence encourages Lab workers during World War II. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602756:	Tennessee Eastman officials and General Leslie R. Groves with Ernest O. Lawrence at the magnet for the 184-inch cyclotron in 1943. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602757:	S-1 Committee at Bohemian Grove, September 13, 1942.  From left to right are Harold C. Urey, Ernest O. Lawrence, James B. Conant, Lyman  J. Briggs, E. V. Murphree and A. H. Compton. The "S- 1" committee that oversaw the uranium project for OSRD recommended expending $12 million to create a plant with 25 times that capacity before the fall of 1943. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602768:	Dick Lee's machine shop crew at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory during World War II.Dick Lee's machine shop crew at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory during World War II.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602772:	Groves admired Lawrence's drive and confidence, and the Manhattan Engineering District generously supported the Rad Lab's conversion to peace-time research. "[It is] in the best interest of the government," Groves said, and authorized the completion of the 184-inch synchrocyclotron and the construction of an electron synchrotron, both of which used a concept that McMillan had developed towards the war's end. The completion of the 184-inch synchrocyclotron cost the District $170,000, the construction of the electron synchrotron $230,000 in cash plus $203,000 in surplus capacitors from Oak Ridge.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) In 1945-46, the 184-inch was converted from a calutron to a synchrocyclotron; Ernest O. Lawrence and staff posed with the magnet.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602884:	The 184-inch operated for the first time on Nov. 1, 1946. In the foreground, left to right, are Thornton, Ernest O. Lawrence, E. McMillan, and James Vale.Just before midnight on November 1, 1946 the 184-inch synchrocyclotron  gave its first beam. Lawrence arranged a big celebration, a weekend at Del Monte Lodge in Monterey paid for by his old supporter Alfred Loomis. Everyone who had contributed money or influence to the completion of the machine was invited: representatives of the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, the International Cancer Research Foundation, the Research Corporation, General Electric, Eastman Kodak, American Cyanamid, the University, the Manhattan Engineering District. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602898:	Ernest O. Lawrence lunching with future United States president Dwight Eisenhower and former United States president Hoover at Bohemian Grove, July 23, 1950.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602954:	Ernest O. Lawrence, Brobeck, Harold Fidler and and Donald Cooksey in the aperture of a Bevatron magnet section, 1950. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602969:	Surrounding Edward Lofgren (center) are discoverers of the anti-proton, (left to right) Emilio Segre, Clyde Wiegand, Owen Chamberlain and Thomas Ypsilantis. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96602980:	Standing in front of the 72-inch Bubble Chamber (left to right): Paul Hernandez, Dr. Edwin McMillan, Dr. Luis Alvarez and Don Gow examining a photograph showing a nuclear event in the new chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96703043:	Lunch during the International Conference on High Energy Physics, 1966. Left to right: Edwin  McMillan, Val Fitch, Murray Gell Mann, Victor  Weisskopf,Geoffrey Chew, and Sidney Drell. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96703133:	Dr. Calvin with well-wishers at a party celebrating his Priestley Medal; fellow Nobel laureates (left to right) Owen Chamberlain, Melvin Calvin, Glenn Seaborg, Edwin McMillan and Emilio Segre. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96703137:	Staff of the 60-inch cyclotron in September, 1938. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/96703218:	A staff of more than 100 people worked to bring the Advanced Light Source (ALS) from conception to completion. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97200639:	A special surprise party honoring Jimmy Vale (Cyclotron Operations), who has been with the Lab 30 years, was held in the Berkeley cafeteria on July 17. Among the gifts to Jimmy was a book containing a collection of letters from his friends and colleagues. Admiring the book, above, are (l. to r.) Emilio Segre (physics), Clyde Weigand (physics), Cyrill Orly (mechanical engineering), John Lyman (bio-medical research), Stan Curtis (bio-medical research), and Jimmy Vale.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97200642:	A meeting of the influential High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) of the AEC was held at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley on April 17 and 18, 1970.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97200644:	Marriage and motherhood may have slowed down her progress a little, but they didn't stop her. Janis Dairiki started as a graduate student in 1961 and will receive her degree in chemistry this year. At the Laboratory, she works with the alpha spectroscopy group.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300773:	Dr. Richard A. Carlson, in charge of clinical pituitary work, and Hal O. Anger, electronics engineer, prepare a patient for irradiation at the 184".
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300774:	In the control room of the remodeled cyclotron. Jimmy Vale at the telephone, Fred Yeater seated and Ralph Dufour looking on. 184-inch cyclotron background:  In 1939, not long after his invention of the  cyclotron, Lawrence announced plans for a  large-scale (originally 100 MeV) cyclotron. With the onset of World War II, the project  became a wartime priority. TheRockefeller  Foundation pledged the principal amount,  $1.4 million, in April 1940. It was to buy a  cyclotron with a magnet face 184 inches in  diameter. The machine would open the frontier  beyond 100 MeV, where there lurked 'discoveries  of a totally unexpected character and of  tremendous importance.' But wartime uses  intervened. The magnet was adapted for use in a  'Calutron,' a huge mass spectrograph to test the  feasibility of Lawrence's plan to separate the  fissile, or explosive, part of natural uranium,  U-235, from its much more plentiful companion  isotope, U-238.  This work led to the  establishment of large-scale calutron facilities  at Oak Ridge.  After the war, the 184-inch  cyclotron was completed as a synchrocyclotron,  or synchrotron, incorporating the principle of  phase stability developed by Edwin McMillan and  Vladimir Veksler.  It became a valuable instrument for physics and, later, for biological and medical research. Its most important achievements include: the first production and identification of a  subnuclear particle (the charged pi meson, or  pion) at an accelerator; studies of the  interaction and properties of  pions; studies of  proton-proton and neutron-proton interactions;  and use of heavy particles for medical therapy. It ended operation in the 1980s, and the domed  structure that housed the cyclotron was adapted to house the Berkeley National Advanced Light  Source.  -- JG   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300775:	Left to right: Drs. Frank Asaro, Isadore Perlman and Frank Stephens set up a coincidence experiment at the alpha spectrometer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300782:	Intermission discussion is carried on by (left) Dr. Burton Richter (Stanford) and Dr. Bob Kenney (LRL) at the Berkeley Campus Conference on Strong Interactions held December 27-29, 1960. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300786:	At the 25th anniversary party for Luis Alvarez the cake went fast, thanks to (l. to r.) Jerry Anderson, Dave Johnson, Leonard Reed, Janet Alvarez and Carolyn Owens, among others.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300788:	Resident and visiting scientists listen as high energy physics study session gets under way with first daily seminar, given by Geoffrey Chew of Berkeley Theoretical Physics.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300795:	Berkeley's Eleanor Davisson last month celebrated her twentieth year of service at the Laboratory. Eleanor was administrative assistant to Ernest Lawrence until his death and now does the same job for Director Edwin McMillan. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300896:	On her way to her first assignment as a Clerical Pool girl, Berkeley's Bobbie Smith leaves Tane' Nutting's office in Building 65. Under her arm is a Clerical Handbook, a map of the Hill and a slip introducing her to her supervisor in LRL's Chemical Biodynamics Lab, where she will finish a report-typing job interrupted by a regular employee's illness. This job lasted only a few days.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300897:	Pinch-hitting for a vacationing secretary is considered a choice assignment among pool girls because of the variety of the work load and the opportunity to shoulder responsibility. Here, Bobbie prepares to take over from Miriam Michles (secretary to physics group leader Burton Moyer) who is leaving for a two-week vacation.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300901:	Conclusion of coverage of the hearings of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy's Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation: excerpts from the testimony of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory physicist Arthur Rosenfeld on "Processing and Analysis of Data from Photographs Made by Bubble Chambers and Spark Chambers."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97300912:	Advance copy of the new biography of Ernest Lawrence is scanned by author Herbert Childs (r.) and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Don Cooksey, longtime friend and associate of Lawrence.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401615:	Oceanography may be the career that will unite the greatest number of George Ruben's varied interests, which include science, sailing, photography, and adventure to name a few. The son of the late U.S. chemist Sam Ruben (co-discoverer of carbon-14), George is a student in physical chemistry, working in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics under Melivin Calvin.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401810:	"Decisive contributions to elementary particle physics" earned Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist Luis Alvarez the Nobel Prize in physics October, 1968. Here the new Nobel Laureate is being offered balloons by happy physicist, Lena Galtieri, who participated in several of the resonance discoveries made in the Alvarez group. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401934:	Denis Keefe heads the Electron Ring Accelerator (ERA) program at the Laboratory. A native of Dublin and a gratudate of the National University of Ireland (B. Sci., 1951) and the University of Bristol (Ph.D., 1955), he taught at University College, Dublin, before joining the Laboraatory's research staff in 1959. He became interested in the development of a collective-field accelerator around 1967, and was one of those largely responsible for initiating the current ERA program at the Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401935:	At the end of his qualifying exam, Steve Rock's professor, Owen Chamberlain, gives him the good news that he's passed.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401936:	Getting serious, Steve Rock begins a description of the experiment on time-reversal invariance that he and his colleagues conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401937:	The committee members for Steve Rock's qualifying exam include (l. to r.) Professors Owen Chamberlain, Leroy Kerth, Linn Molenauer, and Charles Schwartz of the physics department.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401939:	Like many of his colleagues, teacher George Trilling holds down several full-time jobs: chairman of the University's physics department, co-leader of an active bubble-chamber research group at the Laboratory, supervisor of four graduate students, and teacher of an under-graduate physics course, Physics for Scientists and Engineers. The student is Doug Ortendahl, a senior physics major.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401941:	"Associate Dean of the College of Engineering" is just one of the hats that Victor Zackay wears around campus. He's also a very active working scientist, co-discoverer of the versatile alloy known as TRIP steel, associate director of the Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division, supervisor of more than 10 graduate students, professor of metallurgy, registered professional engineer in the State of California, and a member of several important campus-wide committees. In 1958 he won the American Medical Association and American Society of Orthopedic Surgeons Award for materials engineering of surgical implants. His work resulted in a plastic tube now widely used for aortic replacement.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401943:	"SOS"-Special Opportunity Scholarships-could mean a career in science for a minority-group youngster who might otherwise never have considered such a future open to him/her. Physicist and Nobel laureate Owen Chamberlain, shown with SOS program staff, was one of the organizers of the scholarship plan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97401945:	Frank Crawford's "Chirped Handclaps," was published in the American Journal of Physics in March 1970. He is a physicist in Group A and a professor in the physics department. Frank Crawford's interest in acoustics extends to playing the flute, too. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502066:	Chevalier of the Legion of Honor was the coveted distinction awarded to physicist Francis Muller by French Consul-General Claude Batault (left) in a recent ceremony held on campus. The Legion of Honor is France's most highly regarded order of merit conferred upon those who have performed extrodinary services. Muller, currently spending a year at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and the U.C. physics department, is associated with high energy physics groups at CERN and the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502068:	Prototype of a heavy liquid bubble chamber, built by him around 1958, was presented to Wilson Powell along with other gifts and remembrances at his retirement party, held in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory cafeteria.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502069:	The first three winners of the new Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Affirmative Action Internships were announced last month by Affirmative Action Administrator Harold Wilson. The internship winners are (l. to r.) Eddie Reed, Lou Posey, and Willie Lacy.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502071:	To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the beam, the Laboratory sponsored a dinner reunion on November 3, 1971 at Spenger's to honor those associated with the accelerator through the years. The honorees included (standing, l. to r.) Bill Baker, Jack Reidel, Elmer Kelly, Duane Sewell, Dick Mack, Ken Crowe, Dick Burleigh, Ed Lofgren and (seated, l. to r.) Don Cooksey, Jimmy Vale, Bill Brobeck, Wally Reynolds, Ed McMillan, Bob Thornton, Ken MacKenzie and Byron Wright. 184-inch cyclotron background:  In 1939, not long after his invention of the  cyclotron, Lawrence announced plans for a  large-scale (originally 100 MeV) cyclotron. With the onset of World War II, the project  became a wartime priority. TheRockefeller  Foundation pledged the principal amount,  $1.4 million, in April 1940. It was to buy a  cyclotron with a magnet face 184 inches in  diameter. The machine would open the frontier  beyond 100 MeV, where there lurked 'discoveries  of a totally unexpected character and of  tremendous importance.' But wartime uses  intervened. The magnet was adapted for use in a  'Calutron,' a huge mass spectrograph to test the  feasibility of Lawrence's plan to separate the  fissile, or explosive, part of natural uranium,  U-235, from its much more plentiful companion  isotope, U-238.  This work led to the  establishment of large-scale calutron facilities  at Oak Ridge.  After the war, the 184-inch  cyclotron was completed as a synchrocyclotron,  or synchrotron, incorporating the principle of  phase stability developed by Edwin McMillan and  Vladimir Veksler.  It became a valuable instrument for physics and, later, for biological and medical research. Its most important achievements include: the first production and identification of a  subnuclear particle (the charged pi meson, or  pion) at an accelerator; studies of the  interaction and properties of  pions; studies of  proton-proton and neutron-proton interactions;  and use of heavy particles for medical therapy. It ended operation in the 1980s, and the domed  structure that housed the cyclotron was adapted to house the Berkeley National Advanced Light  Source.  -- JG   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502074:	Tom Elioff (left) receives a special achievement award for his outstanding contributions at the AEC from Dr. W. A. Wallenmeyer, assitant director for the High Energy Physics Program. Tom had been a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for 15 years when he accepted a two-year staff position with the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington, D.C., in August 1970. Now, his stint completed, he's back at the Lab once more.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502075:	Isadore Perlman, former head of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Division of Nuclear Chemistry, is moving to Isreal to become professor of chemistry at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He will also set up a new laboratory there to pursue studies in the field now dubbed 'archaeometry'-the applications of technical measurements to archaeology. His resignation from Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory was effective March 30, 1973.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97502087:	The outgoing and incoming directors, with their wives, greeted employees and families at the Lab Family Day, September 30. From left facing the camera are Gladys Sessler, Andy Sessler, Molly Lawrence (widow of founder Ernest Lawrence), Edwin McMillan and Elise McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/97803167:	CSAM Group in 1979 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/GROUPS/tags/XBB_678-4751:	Lawrence did not demobilize as fully as his laboratory. He stayed more bullish than the AEC. That was a mistake, Lawrence said, making an argument since become familiar: only ongoing improvement could guarantee "national leadership in this field."  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/1976Fall_pg2_Alvarez:	Luis Alvarez 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/1976Fall_pg2_Seaborg:	Glenn Seaborg 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/1977Winter_pg21_McMillan:	Ed McMillan and blackboard announcing Ernest Lawrence's Nobel Prize
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/1977Winter_pg21_McMillanLofgrenSeaborg:	Time warp recreates LBL's 27-inch cyclotron and several of the young scientists who worked on it: left to right, Ed McMillan, Ed Lofgren, Glenn Seaborg. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96502089:	Ernest O. Lawrence and Jesse W. Beams at Yale 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96502090:	Melvin Calvin, Nobel Laureate, chemistry, 1961 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96502091:	Dr. Owen Chamberlain, Nobel laureate, physics (antiproton), in 1959. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96502092:	Dr. Emilio Segre with 25 volumes of research publications. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602508:	Douglas McWilliams setting up shoot for the cover of the LBL 50th Anniversary issue, "A Historian's View of The Lawrence Years". 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602511:	Ernest Lawrence about the time he came to the University of California at Berkeley, August 1931. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602521:	M. Stanley Livingston and Ernest O. Lawrence  at the time of 10-inch cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602530:	Gilbert N. Lewis, the chemist who isolated heavy water, with Deuteron Neutron Source in East Hall in University of California at Berkeley (UCB) in 1937.  The discovery of deuterium (as Urey called heavy hydrogen) also had strong consequences for Lawrence's program. In March 1933 his colleague in chemistry, G. N. Lewis, who had the largest reservoir of heavy water in the world, gave Lawrence enough to use as projectiles for the developing 27-inch cyclotron.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/BANC">Bancroft Library, University of California</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602533:	Luis Alvarez about 1938 in lab, just before his work leading to the identification of helium-3. Since Rutherford thought that tritium is stable, he required a reason why he could not obtain it from the plentiful interactions of deuterons. His answer: tritium disappears quickly by combining with the bombarding deuterons. As for helium-3 the consensus, as represented by H. A. Bethe, held it to be unstable, decaying into the elusive tritium by electron capture. It was precisely with this preconception- that tritium is elusive but stable and helium-3 is radioactive-that Luis Alvarez went to look for them in the summer of 1939. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602534:	Dr. Milton G. White beside the 60-inch cyclotron with which Alvarez showed the stability of helium- 3.  The stability of helium-3 implied the radioactivity of tritium.  Alvarez tested this inference with the help of Robert Cornog, a graduate student who worked on the oil vapor vacuum pumps for the 60-inch machine.   They routed the issue of heavy water irradiated with deuterons into an ionization chamber attached to an amplifier and found a long-term activity whose carrier behaved like hydrogen The number of active atoms agreed roughly with the number of neutrons produced in the bombardment, confirming the formation of tritium and a proton from two deuterons. The new isotope was long-lived. No appreciable decay could be detected in a sample imprisoned for five months. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602535:	Joseph Hamilton drinking radiosodium in January 1939 and R. Marshak (right). Soon after he began his search for useful radioisotopes, Lawrence had the good luck to make sodium-24 efficiently by bombarding rock salt with deuterons. The new substance runs through the body like ordinary sodium; its convenient half-life, fifteen hours, made it useful in diagnosis and therapy. "My medical friends tell me that the properties of radiosodium are almost ideal for many medical applications, such as the treatment of cancer." Lawrence predicted that sodium-24 would supersede radium, and to make sure he promoted it on a national lecture tour. A volunteer-the first two were Alvarez and Joseph Hamilton of the University's hospital in San Francisco-would down a solution of the isotope, and Lawrence would track its course through his body.  Lawrence received fresh supplies of sodium-24 by air mail just in time for these lectures, which increased the drama, and the value, of radioisotopes. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602745:	John Lawrence became interested in the biological effects of neutrons during a 1935 visit to Berkeley and soon joined his brother's team.  The reorganized laboratory was dedicated to nuclear science rather than, as in its first incarnation, to accelerator physics. This transformation, as we know, resulted from opportunities opened by the discoveries of artificial radioactivity and the biological action of neutron rays, and also, perhaps, from concern about the effects of the increasingly intensive neutron background on the men who worked around the accelerator.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602751:	Ernest O. Lawrence at the controls of the 37-inch cyclotron about 1938.  Image copied from the California Monthly. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602758:	Ernest O. Lawrence slumps from fatigue in his chair at the control panel of the cyclotron during calutron test.  In August the first racetrack began to operate, successfully it was thought; but it soon collapsed, its vacuum leaky, its coils shorted, its tanks warped by its mighty magnet. Meanwhile Oppenheimer reported that a bomb would require three times as much U 235 as forecast. Lawrence and others flew in from Berkeley to diagnose the ailing racetrack, which was dismantled and returned to its manufacturers. The pressure overwhelmed even Lawrence. He spent the end of 1943 in a hospital in Chicago. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602760:	Frank Oppenheimer (center right) and Robert Thornton (right) examine the 4-source emitter for the improved alpha calutron. Published version is cropped. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602762:	Edwin McMillan recreating the search for neptunium at the time of the announcement of the discovery, June 8, 1940. Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.cyberia-ang.com/webnews/frontpages/fronttribune.htm">Oakland Tribune</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602763:	Glenn Seaborg adjusts a Geiger-Muller counter during search for plutonium at the Laboratory. The new element, called plutonium on McMillan's principle of nomenclature, proved elusive.  In May 1941 Kennedy, Seaborg, Segre, and Wahl established the isotope's fissionibility. It appeared that in sufficient quantities plutonium-239 might sustain an explosive chain reaction. After Pearl Harbor, the OSRD authorized Lawrence to continue plutonium studies at Berkeley and Arthur Compton to supervise the work toward a controlled, self- sustaining, plutonium-producing chain reaction that had been started by Fermi at Columbia and moved to Chicago. In March 1942 Seaborg was asked to join Compton and Fermi to develop chemical processes to separate plutonium after production. On April 17 he boarded the train for Chicago with the world's supply of plutonium in his briefcase. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602766:	Ernest O. Lawrence challenged by security guard at wartime Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602767:	J. Robert Oppenheimer (left), Fermi and Ernest O. Lawrence. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602770:	General Groves and UC President Sproul admire the Medal for Merit awarded Lawrence in March, 1946 for wartime achievements of the Laboratory.General Groves (left) and University of California Berkeley President Sproul (right) admire the Medal for Merit awarded Ernest O. Lawrence in March, 1946 for wartime achievements of the Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602773:	All the main components of Lawrence's interdisciplinary establishment prospered under the new regime of peacetime financial support for scientific research. In the "Hot Lab," the most prominent locus of nuclear chemistry at the Laboratory, Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, James Kennedy, B. B. Cunningham, and others elaborated the rich and varied chemical properties of the actinide elements.  After their return to Berkeley, Seaborg and his associates synthesized additional members of the series, berkelium (97), californium (98), and mendelevium (101), in the 60-inch cyclotron. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Nuclear chemistry prospered in the postwar era with the discovery of several new elements by the team including Glen Seaborg (left) and Albert Ghiorso. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602880:	Melvin Calvin in old radiation lab shown with some of the  apparatus he used to study the role of carbon in photosynthesis.One of the new areas, cultivated both in Donner and the Old Radiation Laboratory, was the study of organic compounds labeled with carbon-14. Melvin Calvin took charge of this work at the end of the war in order to provide raw materials for John Lawrence's researches and for his own study of photosynthesis. Using carbon-14, available in plenty from Hanford reactors, and the new techniques of ion exchange, paper chromatography, and radioautography, Calvin and his many associates mapped the complete path of carbon in photosynthesis. The accomplishment brought him the Nobel prize in chemistry in 1961. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602882:	The principle of phase stability, basic to the 184-inch cyclotron and the electron synchrotron  and their successors, is explained by its author Edwin McMillan.The research most characteristic of the Laboratory exploited the then unrivaled beam of the synchrotron, as McMillan named machines built on his principle of phase stability. In a conventional cyclotron the relativistic mass increase ultimately shuts off acceleration: the particles fall progressively out of phase with the radio frequency field until they reach the gap between the dees as the field there drops to zero. Thereafter they will be decelerated. As McMillan (and, independently, the Soviet physicist V. I. Veksler) showed, a net acceleration might be achieved by decreasing the oscillator frequency without changing the magnetic field (the principle of the  accelerated particles describe a path of constant radius (the protonsynchroton). In the case of relativistic electrons, only the magnetic field need be altered (the electron synchrotron). (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602883:	Vannevar Bush (left) and Arthur H. Compton at Del Monte Lodge, 1940. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602894:	Robert Serber, Laboratory theorist, writing for a photographer shortly after the announcement of the discovery of machine-made mesons by Gardner and Lattes in February 1948. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602895:	Wolfgang "Pief" Panofsky collaborated with Segre on the linac and built SLAC (Bruce Cork in backgroud), still the world's most powerful electron accelerator and home of PEP. (caption corrected courtesy of Roger Wallace, a former student of Panofski's and Segre's.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602896:	C.M.G. Lattes (left) and E. Gardner with the nuclear emulsion positioning apparatus for the 184-inch cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602976:	Bubble chamber inventor, Donald Glaser, examines a xenon chamber built at LBL in the early 1960's. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96602978:	Luis Alvarez with Bubble Chamber display built in Berkeley. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703042:	The great success of the liquid hydrogen bubble chamber overshadowed advances in detectors made elsewhere in the Laboratory around 1960. Wilson Powell's group, for example, made a 30-inch propane bubble chamber, the output of which they analyzed with their own computer programs.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Dr. Wilson Powell (center) with his propane bubble chamber. Larry Oswald (left) and Bill Fowler look on. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703046:	Physicist Angelina Galtieri consults log with operator in control room of the Bevatron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703047:	Edwin McMillan became director of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory when E. O. Lawrence died in 1958.    The University chose Nobel laureate Edwin McMillan, a leader in high-energy physics and accelerator design and associate director for the Physics Division.  McMillan served until 1973. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703048:	Andrew Sessler, director from 1973 to 1980, widened the Laboratory's research interest to include energy and environment studies. McMillan's successors, Andrew M. Sessler (1973-80) and David A. Shirley (1980-1989), have presided over further diversification as the conservation and development of sources of energy became a concern of the Laboratory's patron, the Department of Energy.   (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Regents appoint Andrew Sessler as Lab  director effective November 1, 1973.  "I accept the honor with humility and gratitude; I anticipate the  challenge with enthusiasm and optimism"
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703049:	David Shirley, formerly head of the Materials and Molecular Research Division, became Laboratory director in 1980.   He also presided (as his predcessor Dr. Sessler) over further diversification as the conservation and development of sources of energy became a concern of the Laboratory's patron, the Department of Energy.   (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703132:	David Judd, theoretical physicist at LBL and served as head of the Physics Division. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703136:	Harold Johnston, a chemist studying photochemistry and gas phase reactions 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703168:	Oakland teacher, Beth Napier, who is participating in the DOE sponsored Teacher Research Associate Program (TRAC) at LBL, works with  Eric Norman on measurements of irradiated material in preparation for studies of Martian soil. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703289:	Glenn Seaborg points out seaborgium on the periodic table. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703306:	Researcher Tony Chen prepares to test prototype cathode material in a field emission test apparatus. LBL is collaborating with SI Diamond, Inc. to develop cathode materials for use in flat- panel displays. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703307:	David A. Shirley, Director of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703318:	Jacob Bastacky at work at the Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703332:	Yuan Lee posed in front of his experimental apparatus shortly after the announcement of his Nobel Prize. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703334:	Emilio Segre at work in 1954. He and Owen Chamberlain shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1959 for their discovery of the antiproton. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703337:	Astrophysicist Rich Muller (posing with a model of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lawrence Hall of Science in Berkeley) developed the Nemesis theory to explain the comet storms that have caused mass extinctions of life forms, including dinosaurs. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703338:	At a limestone outcropping near Gubbio, Italy, physicist Luis Alvarez and his geologist son Walter, examined the clay layer that launched their theory of 'The Great Dying.' Surprisingly high concentrations of iridium in the clay at Gubbio and many other sites indicated that the mass extinction was the result of a collision between Earth and a huge extraterrestrial object. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703339:	Melissa Austin, Laura Glines and Ronald Krauss examine samples run in the gradient gel electrophoresis process they use to separate types of lipoproteins and determine their relative concentrations. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703357:	Glenn Seaborg (left) and former President Lyndon Johnson have a private chat in the White House Oval Office. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703451:	Chemistry grad student Peng Wang, at work at his terminal, produced computer graphics for an article on enzymes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703494:	Edwin M. McMillan, Nobel laureate, former director of LBL and professor emeritus of physics at the University of California at Berkeley, received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest award for scientific achievement. The award was conferred at a White House ceremony November 13, 1990. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96703495:	LBL physicist Gerson Goldhaber is the co-recipient of the 1991 W.K.H. Panofsky Prize of the American Physical Society. The prize, the APS's highest award for experimental particle physics, was awarded to Goldhaber and French physicist Francois Pierre for their discovery of charmed mesons in 1976. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/96904226:	Hazel O'Leary Visit to Berkeley Lab with Ashok Gadgil, Discover Award winner, at the ALS Patio at 6 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97200637:	Particle Identifier work with Joe Cerney, for Highlights, 1968.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97200640:	H. Saul Winchell, doctor of medicine and medical research scientist in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Donner Laboratory, has been awarded the 10,000 Deutsche mark ($2650) George von Hevesy prize for leading contributions to international nuclear medicine.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97200641:	Dr. John H. Lawrence, pioneer of nuclear medicine and director of the Donner Laboratory since its establishment in 1936, has been named to the University's Board of Regents by Governor Ronald Reagan. The appointment was effective on May 15, 1970.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97200643:	Graduate student, Rick Fields, was on the U.C. gymnastics team for four years, placed second in the U.S. during his undergraduate days, and won the Jake Gimble Award for the most outstanding senior athlete at U.C. in 1966. Now, he spends most of his time studying the theory of high-energy collision of elementary particles.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300772:	Dr. William Siri, Donner Laboratory scientist, studied blood behaviour in humans at the high altitude biology laboratory at Chacoltaya Mountain in Bolivia, 17,000 feet above sea level.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300776:	Robert "Bob" Watt at the 15-inch control panel. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300777:	During the first International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland, Wulf Kunkel (Physics) explains to visitors a rotating-plasma device. In the foreground is the rotating-mercury analog.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300778:	Dr. Harold Fidler, formerly manager of the AEC San Francisco Operations Office, joined the Laboratory on December 1 to be assistant to Director Edwin McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300779:	Dr. Isadore Perlman has been appointed Associate Director of the Laboratory, and will also continue as Head of the Laboratory's Chemistry Division.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300780:	Marian Whitehead, also a Ph.D., is a physicist in Berkeley. She is primarily interested in research in strange-particle physics, using emulsion, counter and bubble chamber techniques. Marian earned her M.A. at Columbia University and her Ph.D. at the University of California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300784:	Judith Golwyn is to become the new editor of THE MAGNET in May. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300790:	Daniel Wilkes, manager of the UC Berkeley Public Information staff, has been appointed Assistant to the Director of LRL. The appointment, effective January 1, 1962, was announced by UC Berkeley Chancellor Edward W. Strong and LRL Director Edwin M. McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300791:	Berkeley's Glaser physics group, under the direction of George Trilling, will be enlarged and will be known as the Trilling-Goldhaber group.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300792:	Berkeley's Glaser physics group, under the direction of George Trilling, was augmented last month by the transfer of Gerson Goldhaber. The enlarged group will be known as the Trilling-Goldhaber group.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300793:	Don Gow, senior scientist, Berkeley group leader, and electronic "wizard", resigned from the Laboratory on May 1 to accept a position as president and general manager of Radiation Counter Laboratories, Skokie, Illinois.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300794:	Burton J. Moyer, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory senior scientist and physics research group leader, has been appointed chairman of UC's Physics Department.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300898:	Berkeley physicist Howard Shugart has been named group leader of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Atomic Beams group, replacing William Nierenberg, who has left the Laboratory to become director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Shugart, who is also an associate professor in the UC physics department, has been a member of the group since 1955.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300899:	Miss Oakland, 1965: Maria Remenyi of the Lofgren group in Berkeley was selected Miss Oakland on May 8 in a judging connected with the Miss Universe contest. She will hold her title through the coming year.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300900:	The position of business manager for the Laboratory will be filled by Richard P. Connell, who has been the deputy for the last eight years to the retiring Wallace Reynolds, business manager and managing engineer for the Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300902:	Business Manager and Managing Engineer, Wallace B. Reynolds, will be retiring on August 31 after 38 years of service with the University of California.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300903:	LBL physicist Sulamith Goldhaber with visiting theoretical physicist Yuval Ne'eman of the University of Tel Aviv, Israel. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300905:	Gareth Thomas, associate professor of metallurgy on campus and a group leader in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division (IMRD) has received the Curtis W. McGraw Research Award for 1966. The award is given annually by the American Society of Engineering Education to honor an outstanding professor under 40 for contributions to engineering research.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300906:	Harold P. Furth, a physicist at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Sherwood Program for the past ten years, will leave the Laboratory early in 1967 to become head of the Controlled Fusion Experimental Group in Princeton University's Plasma Physics Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300907:	Ray Wakerling, head of Berkeley's Technical Information Division, helped draft the "blueprint" for the proposed International Nuclear Information System. The bound volumes on Wakerling's desk hold just one year's output of Nuclear Scinece Abstracts-a good-sized ripple in the growing flood of international nuclear science information.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300908:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist John O. Rasmussen, senior staff member in Berkeley's Nuclear Chemistry Division and professor of chemistry on the UC campus, was one of five U.S. nuclear scientists to receive the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Memorial Award for 1967.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300909:	Joseph A. Pask, UC professor of ceramic engineering and a member of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division in Berkeley, has been selected to receive the John Jeppson Award for 1967.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300910:	Earl R. Parker, professor of metallurgy on the UC campus and a principal investigator in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division, has been elected president of the American Society for Metals for 1968. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300913:	Dr. Thomas F. Budinger has joined the staff of the Donner Laboratory and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley's Medical Services group as research scientist and staff physician.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300914:	Berkeley scholarship winner Richard Jared came to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1961 as a technician in the electronics department. He is now an engineering technoligist in the Stanley Thompson group, working on heavy ion reactions.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300915:	Donald Rondeau, who won an AEC scholarship, has been with the Bevatron electronics section of Electronics Engineering since 1960.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300916:	Alan M. Portis, professor of physics on the U.C. campus and a senior staff member in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division, has been appointed associate director of the Lawrence Hall of Science.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97300917:	Physicist Bruce Cook is leaving the Laboratory, after more than 22 years in Berkeley, to become an associate director of the Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois. Cook will head the high energy physics program at Argonne.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401616:	Indian student Dilip Bhandarker is one of the scores of students and postdoctoral fellows who come to the Laboratory from foreign lands each year. Dilip received his undergraduate degree in metallurgy from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madaras, and came to the laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division in 1968.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401617:	Already an M.D., student Mike Okerlund is working towards a second degree-a Ph.D. in nuclear medicine-at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Donner Laboratory. Mike received his M.D. degree in 1963 from the Univeristy of Maryland, did his internship and residency while in the Navy. Just before coming to the Laboratorty last year, he was a fellow at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in LaJolla.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401618:	Surrounded by the apparatus he's been building and setting up for his thesis experiment is chemistry student Fred Bacon, of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Nuclear Chemistry Division. Fred's research, under chemist Dave Shirley, involves using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and "brute-force" polarization to study some of the characteristics of silver nuclei.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401619:	Spare time isn't something that graduate students have a lot of, but phyusics student Jerry Nelson has somehow found the time and energy to get involved in an extracurricular astronomy experiment at Lick Observatory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401620:	Before he enrolled as a graduate student, Bill Snowden was a member of the technical staff at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, working with the materials research group. He was encouraged to continue his education, and enrolled in Berkeley's materials science and engineering department in October.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401621:	The establishment of an Advisory Committee for the Physics Division, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley, was announced on June 18, 1970 by Director Edwin McMillan naming Bob Birge as chairman of the committee. Bob Birge began his association with the Laboratory in 1942, while he was still an undergraduate at U.C. He returned as a full-time member of the research staff in 1950, after receiving his Ph.D. in physics from Harvard.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401622:	Edward Lofgren has been associated with the Laboratory for all of his professional career, except for a brief assignment as a group leader at Los Alamos during the war and on the faculty of the University  of Minnesota from 1946-48. He heads an experimental research group at the Laboratory, and has been physicist in charge of the Bevatron since it was commissioned in 1954.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401813:	Eleanor Davisson, personal secretary and Girl Friday to two directors of the Laboratory, retired on December 13, 1968, after 25 years of service. Eleanor joined the Laboratory on June 21, 1943, and became Ernest Lawrence's secretary two years later. She has served in the same post for Edwin McMillan since 1958, when he assumed the directorship of the Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401932:	Morris Pripstein is a senior staff member in Group A physics.  A graduate of McGill University in his native Canada, he came to U.C. for his graduate work and received the Ph.D. in 1962. After a year at the College de France in Paris and two years at the University of Illinois, he returned to the laboratory in 1965 to join the physics research staff.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401933:	Herb Steiner is a professor of physics on campus and a senior staff member in the Segre-Chamberlain physics group. He received his bachelor's degree and Ph.D. at U.C. Berkeley, and has served as a member of the Laboratory's staff since 1953.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401940:	Author Melvin Calvin, who received the 1961 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on photosynthesis, found time to write his new book, Chemical Evolution, during a recent sabbatical year spent at Oxford University, England, as George Eastman Visiting Professor.The book is the outgrowth of more than 20 years of work in Calvin's laboratory on the origins of life on earth.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401942:	Physicist Emilio Segre checks galley proofs of his new book, Enrico Fermi: Scientist, to be published this year by the University of Chicago Press. Fermi (seen in photo hanging above desk) was Segre's teacher and long-time associate and friend. Himself a Nobel Laureate in physics (in 1959, for the discovery of the antiproton), Segre is professor of physics on campus, co-leader of a research group at the Laboratory, and teacher of an upper division nuclear physics course.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401946:	U.C. physics professor P. Buford Price is one of two Californians chosen to receive the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Memorial Award for 1971.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97401947:	Erwin L. Hahn, professor of physics and a senior investigator in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Inorganic Materials Research Division, has been awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Physics Prize of the American Physical Society.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502067:	Ralph Nadar outlined his ideas on the democratic uses of science and technology before a standing-room-only audience of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory staff members at a recent Environmental Science Seminar in the auditorium.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502070:	David A. Shirley, senior scientist in Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Nuclear Chemistry Division and professor of chemistry on campus, has been named chairman of the UC Berkeley chemistry department. He has been vice-chairman of the department for several years.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502073:	Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Associate Director of Program and Planning Robert L. Thornton, who came to Berkeley in 1933 as one of the early "cyclotroneers" with Dr. E. O. Lawrence, will retire June 30, 1972. Over the years he has participated in the growth of the small, important operation on the UC campus into a network of large and diverse ones which compose our present laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502076:	Physics Division I is presently headed by Dr. William A. Wenzel, who completes his three-year term as associate director on June 30, 1973. Dr. Robert W. Birge takes over the post for a new three-year term beginning July 1, 1973. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502077:	William Siri, biology and medicine, 30-year service award.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502078:	Jack Hollander, nuclear chemistry, 25-year service award.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502079:	Bernard Harvey, nuclear chemistry, 20-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502080:	John Meneghetti, mechanical engineering, 20-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502081:	Fred Toby, mechanical engineering, 20-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502082:	Lee Davenport, Director's office, 25-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502083:	George Pappas has been appointed business manager of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. He succeeds Richard P. Connell, who is recuperating from a lengthy illness, and who has beeen appointed a special assistant to the director. Pappas assumed responsibility for the management of business and financial affairs of the Lab on April 17, 1973.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502084:	Dr. James Bassham, biology and medicine, 25-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502085:	Dwight Vorkoeper, engineer in Mechanical Engineering, retired August 17 after more than 30 years of service.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502086:	Marilyn Taylor, chemical biodynamics, 20-year portrait.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502088:	Earl K. Hyde, the newly appointed deputy director for Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, has been active both as a researcher and as an administrator. He comes to his new office from the Nuclear Chemistry Division where he has been deputy head since 1971.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502089:	Nuclear chemist Joseph Cerny was one of five recipients of the AEC's E.O. Lawrence Award presented this year. The award has been made each year since 1959 to not more than five young U.S. scientists who have made "recent, especially meritorious contributions to the development, use or control of atomic energy." It carries a citation, a gold medal and $5,000.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/97502093:	A debonair Ash Brown comes fully dressed for the Bevalac party.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/GPR_2151:	A team under W.A. Wenzel of the Lofgren group introduced spark chambers to the Laboratory. This technique, first used successfully in 1959, exploits the sparks that mark the passage of a charged particle between closely spaced parallel electrodes. An automatic scanner for the spark chamber was devised by Denis Keefe and Leroy Kerth.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/XBB_7411-7687:	M. Stanley Livingston
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/XBC_818-7744:	The Berkeley evening fog rolled away and the stars came out just long enough for Lab photographer Doug McWilliams to take the color photograph of the 184-inch cyclotron, the Laboratory, and the view beyond that is featured on the cover of this issue of the NEWSMAGAZINE. Doug hauled his cameras up the hill to a point midway between the cyclotron and the Lawrence Hall of Science to find this spectacular vantage point. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg07_Cockcroft:	At  Cambridge John Cockcroft and E.T.S. Walton used a voltage multiplier designed by Continental engineers around 1919. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href=http://www.aip.org>American Institute of Physics</a>.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg07_Rutherford:	The study of nuclear transformations began in 1919 with Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the reaction N14(a,p)O17, in which a nitrogen nucleus absorbs an alpha particle and ejects a proton to become an oxygen nucleus.  Rutherford's group at the Cavendish laboratory in Cambridge discovered that naturally occurring alpha particles induce more transformations the faster they travel.  A machine was needed to increase the number and speed of the particles. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)  Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg07_Walton:	At  Cambridge John Cockcroft and E.T.S. Walton used a voltage multiplier designed by Continental engineers around 1919. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg08_CCLauritson:	Charles Lauritsen exploited the facilities of a high-tension laboratory built by Southern California Edison at the California Institute of Technology.  As Lauritsen's inititative suggests, California was prepared for physics on a big scale in 1930.  During the 1920s the California Institute of Technology transformed itself from a trade school to a leading technical university. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://library.caltech.edu/collections/physics.htm">Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg08_Millikan:	The transformation of Caltech was presided over by its chief executive officer, Robert A. Millikan, who in 1922 won the second Nobel prize in physics awarded to an American.  His success as physicist rested on precise measurement of the properties of the electron; as fund raiser and institution builder; as public-relations man. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://library.caltech.edu/collections/physics.htm">Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg09_Anderson:	In 1936 Carl  D. Anderson was America's fourth and California's first recipient of the Nobel prize in physics. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://library.caltech.edu/collections/physics.htm">Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg17_Joliot:	Early in 1934 Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot- Curie, working at the Institut du Radium in Paris, madEarly in 1934 Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot- Curie, working at the Institut du Radium in Paris, made the discovery that brought them the Nobel prize and redirected much of experimental nuclear physics. In investigating the emission of positrons from aluminum struck by alpha particles, they observed that the target stayed active after the bombardment stopped. It was a great surprise. Everyone had tacitly assumed that the explosion of a nucleus followed immediately on its swallowing an energetic particle, and had arranged his experimental practice to suit. At the Rad Lab belief that residual activity does not exist affected operations. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg20_lionsden:	The Cavendish physicists had come to Belgium in strength. After Cockcroft, Lawrence faced Ernest Rutherford, who declared that no neutrons come from lithium under deuteron bombardment, and Chadwick, who insisted that the mass of the neutron is exactly what he had said. Then came the theorists. Heisenberg observed that if disintegration occurred in the electric field of the nucleus, the yield should decline for heavy targets since the deuteron's penetration, and hence the rate of change of force on it, must decrease with increasing atomic number.  The debate continued when Lawrence stuck his head in the Cavendish lion's den on the way back to Berkeley. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg24_fermi:	Then Enrico Fermi's group in Rome showed that neutrons induced activity in practically all the elements. Lawrence, who had advertised possession of the world's most powerful neutron beam (formed by irradiating beryllium-9 with ten billionths of an ampere of accelerated deuterons) once again confirmed and extended European results, and expressed surprise at the richness of nuclear transactions. From March of 1934 until the Laboratory went to war, the investigation and production of artificial isotopes by neutron, proton, deuteron, and alpha-particle beams dominated its research program. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg25_segre:	Radiosodium did not fulfill Lawrence's hopes. Other isotopes generated by his cyclotron, however, found important applications in medicine. Phosphorus-32 has been used successfully in the treatment of leukemia, polycythemia vera, other bone-marrow disorders, and Hodgkins disease; iodine-131 in the treatment of thyroid disease; and cobalt-60 in cancer chemotherapy. Perhaps the most interesting of these substances to the physicist and chemist is technetium-99, used in cancer diagnosis.  Lawrence presented this object to Emilio Segrè, who visited the Laboratory in the summer of 1936 and took the "invaluable gift" to Italy, to stimulate nuclear science at the University of Palermo.  In June 1937 Segrè's group announced the first element made by man. Medical application of the new element began in 1947. Half of the seventy artificial radionuclides in common use in medicine today first made their appearances in cyclotrons, and half of these were discovered, or first synthesized, at the Radiation Laboratory. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg50_gofman:	The Donner Laboratory won federal support for continuation of its prewar work in medical diagnosis, instrumentation, and therapy. An example is the treatment of acromegaly and Cushing's disease with beams of charged particles, initiated by John Lawrence and Cornelius Tobias. Other work, like that leading to the discovery of the lipoproteins; and their effects on cardiovascular disease by John Gofman, Frank Lindgren, and their collaborators, brought the Laboratory into entirely new areas. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg53_anderson:	In 1937 Seth Neddermeyer and Carl Anderson found a track that they identified as the trace of a particle with the charge of the electron but a greater mass. The new particle immediately seemed to find its place in theory.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://library.caltech.edu/collections/physics.htm">Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/pg63_teller:	What could the Laboratory do to help the nation meet the latest Soviet threat? Lawrence, Alvarez and others decided to put the Laboratory behind Edward Teller's program for a  thermonuclear weapon, or superbomb, which had withered in the shadow of fission development and international control.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/tags/v6.3p78Lofgren:	Brobeck thought that the mechanisms for injection and extraction and the straight sections without magnetic guidance might cause the beam to oscillate widely around the median orbit through the doughnut halves. Accordingly, he provided for a large aperture between the magnet poles, some 4 feet high and 14 feet wide (in the radial direction); should the beam behave better than expected, the gap could be reduced by changing the pole tips.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703316:	The National Medal of Science which was presented to Yuan Lee by President Reagan in a White House ceremony in March 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703317:	President Reagan presenting the National Medal of Science to Yuan Lee in a White House ceremony in March, 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703333:	Seven LBL Nobel laureates, posed in front of Ernest Lawrence's 37-inch cyclotron magnet. Left to right are Owen Chamberlain, Edwin McMillan, Emilio Segre, Melvin Calvin, Donald Glaser, Luis Alvarez and Glenn Seaborg. March 7, 1969. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703335:	Owen Chamberlain checking the polarized proton target apparatus. He and Emilio Segre shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1959 for their discovery of the antiproton. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703362:	Laboratory founder Ernest O. Lawrence was inventor and prime mover in the 184-inch Cyclotron project. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703531:	Dr. Luis Alvarez taken in Building 46, July 1, 1966. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703532:	Dr. Melvin Calvin, October 26, 1961. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703533:	Dr. Donald Glaser with xenon bubble chamber, taken in Bevatron, April 7, 1960. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703534:	Yuan-T Lee in lab, taken October 21, 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703535:	Dr. Edwin McMillan with wooden model of synchrotron, 1946. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703536:	Dr. Glenn Seaborg with Ion-Exchanger illusion column of actnide elements, May 19, 1950. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703537:	Dr. Emilio Segre, April 28, 1954. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703549:	At a special ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley, following the receipt of the Nobel Prize, Ernest O. Lawrence is congratulated by his family. From left to right: Mrs. E.O. Lawrence; Gunda Lawrence, his mother; John, his brother; and Carl Lawrence, his father. The war prevented a trip to Stockholm. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703550:	Dr. Luis Alvarez, shortly after being awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics, with Bubble Chamber display. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703551:	Dr. Melvin Calvin, Nobel Laureate, professor of physics, and Director of the Chemical Biodynamics Laboratory at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, works in his photosynthesis laboratory. Dr. Calvin was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1961 for elucidating the chemistry of the photosynthetic process. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703552:	Dr. Donald Glaser was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1960 for his invention of the bubble chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703553:	Dr. Edwin McMillan, taken August 1958. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703554:	Left to right are Dr. Emilio Segre, Dr. Clyde Wiegand, Dr. Edward Lofgren, Dr. Owen Chamberlain and Tom Ypsilantis, then a graduate student. The photograph was taken at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in October, 1955 at the time of the discovery of the antiproton. Drs. Chamberlain and Segre were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1959 for the discovery. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703555:	Dr. Edwin McMillan greeting President John Kennedy, March 1962. Governor Pat Brown is at the right. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703556:	The 1940 Nobel Award Ceremony for Ernest O. Lawrence at Wheeler Hall at the University of California, Berkeley. Awarding the prize is Swedish Consul General with U.C. President Robert Sproul is looking on. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96703557:	Copy of 1935 photograph of Ernest O. Lawrence. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803584:	Dr. Glenn Seaborg and Dr. Edwin McMillan on the day they were notified that they had won the Nobel Prize, October 1951. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803585:	Dr. Owen Chamberlain, November 1955. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803586:	Dr. Emilio Segre, May 1954. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803587:	Press conference for Nobel Prize to Donald Glaser with Glenn Seaborg at left, November 1960. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803588:	Dr. Melvin Calvin receiving the Nobel Prize at the Stockholm concert hall, 1961. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803589:	Dr. Glenn Seaborg in old plutonium laboratory, August 1962. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803590:	Dr. and Mrs. Edwin McMillan. Nobel Prize notification, September 1963. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803591:	Portrait of Luis Alvarez, 1962. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803592:	Press conference and reception at San Francisco Airport for Yuan T. Lee, Nobel Prize recipient with Glenn Seaborg present. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803593:	Yuan T Lee, Nobel Prize recipient, with wife and daughter at reception at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803594:	Dr. Emilio Segre and Dr. Owen Chamberlain at the reception for Yuan T Lee, Nobel Prize recipient, 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96803595:	Nobel Award ceremony in Sweden for Yuan T. Lee with Karl Gustaf, King of Sweden, 1986. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/96904775:	New clues in JFK assassination photos with Luis Alvarez
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97200638:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Nobel Laureates got together for a group portrait in front of the magnet from the old 37-inch cyclotron, now on display at the Lawrence Hall of Science. Shown, left to right, are Owen Chamberlain (physics, 1959), Edwin McMillan (chemistry, 1951), Emilio Segre (physics, 1959), Melvin Calvin (chemistry, 1961), Don Glaser (physics, 1960), Luis Alvarez (physics, 1968), and Glenn Seaborg (chemistry, 1951). Completing the roster of eight LRL Nobel Laureates to date is the late Ernest O. Lawrence, who won the physics prize in 1939.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300781:	At the Nobel Prize press conference, Dr. Donald Glaser (right) is introduced to newspapermen by Glenn Seaborg, Chancellor of the University of California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300785:	A surprise party was given to honor Dr. Luis Alvarez on May 1, 1961, his 25th anniversary at the Laboratory. Here the guest of honor watches secretary Ann McLellan cut the cake. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300787:	Janet Alvarez admires her husband's gag "25-year" pin, during his 25th anniversary party. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300789:	Dr. Melvin Calvin at a press conference for his award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300911:	"An American Genius: the Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Father of the Cyclotron", will be published next month by E.P. Dutton & Company, Inc., New York. The book's author, Herbert Childs, who interviewed more than 800 people during the seven years of research that went into "An Americal Genius", was himself interviewed by Magnet editor Judith Golwyn during a recent visit to the Berkeley Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300918:	"Decisive contributions to elementary particle physics" earned Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist Luis Alvarez the Nobel Prize in physics October, 1968. Here the new Nobel Laureate received the world's good wishes in his office.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300919:	"Decisive contributions to elementary particle physics" earned Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist Luis Alvarez the Nobel Prize in physics October, 1968. Here the new Nobel Laureate is thinking it all over, in the company of some of his favorite people.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97300920:	"Decisive contributions to elementary particle physics" earned Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist Luis Alvarez the Nobel Prize in physics October, 1968. The new Nobel Laureate is celebrating with his wife, Jan, at a reception held at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory cafeteria.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97401811:	Graduate student Luis Alvarez is shown in 1933 with Arthur Compton, with whom he worked on cosmic ray programs for his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Chicago.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97401812:	Nuclear sorcerers Stan Thompson (left) and Glenn Seaborg tried their best to look like old-time alchemists in this picture, taken in 1948, shortly before their discovery of californium.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97401938:	Thirty-five year service pin is presented to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Director Ed McMillan by University of California President Charles Hitch.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97401944:	Charles H. Townes was awarded the Michelson-Morley Award of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, on October 15, 1970. The award, consisting of a silver plaque and $5000, is presented to a scientist or engineer chosen for "his significant contribution to the knowledge and welfare of mankind."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/NOBEL-LAUREATES/tags/97502072:	Dr. Emilio Segre, Nobel laureate and co-leader of the Segre-Chamberlain physics group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, will retire from active service on July 1, 1972. Reviewing his long and prolific career, one finds, in Segre's too modest words, "a person significant in physics."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502272:	In August, 1957, NBC's "Wide, Wide World" TV show producer, John Goetz and Dr. Lawrence Hafstad, director of research for the show's sponsor, General Motors, visited the Radiation Laboratory to confer on the aspects of basic research. They wanted to produce a TV show on December 8 that would inspire our nation's young people to think seriously about science. The stars? The country's top scientists. Here Dr. Geoffrey Chew explains some contributions of theoretical physics to nuclear science.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502273:	The caravan of black limousines that paraded up Cyclotron Road on December 5, 1957, was bringing King Mohammed V of Morocco and his party for a visit to the Laboratory. Professor Lawrence points out features of the view from The Hill for President Sproul and King Mohammed V. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502276:	Sir John Cockcroft, Director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, England, recently visited the Laboratory. Here Glenn Seaborg, Sir John Cockcroft, and Dr. Edwin McMillan recall the Nobel ceremony.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502277:	Frol Kozlov (First Deputy Chairman, USSR Council of Ministers) was a guest of the Berkeley Laboratory during his mid-July American tour. Newspaper reporters strain to catch the conversation between Frol Kozlov (left), his interpreter (center), and Dr. Edwin McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502278:	Forty high school science teachers joined the Laboratory staff this summer in a teacher-training program. The program was initiated to stimulate the teachers so that they might improve and bring up to date their teaching curricula. Left to right, Dr. Wilson Powell(Physics Research Group Leader), Bill Baum (Alhambra High School, Martinez), and Anthony Rinaldi (Burbank Junior High School, Berkeley). Dr. Powell explains to the teachers a template showing the way a pi meson looks in the propane bubble chamber.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502279:	A diffusion cloud chamber was displayed in the Building 50 lobby. Left to right: Frank Swartz, Jim Brannigan, Larry Oswald, and Gary Griffin (physics research).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502280:	At a special research progress meeting in Berkeley, Dr. Veksler was the guest speaker. Left to right: front row-Eugeni V. Piskarev (engineer and nuclear physicist, USSR), interpreter; Dr. Veksler and Dr. Edwin McMillan (Director); second row-Dr. Hugh Bradner and Dr. Herb Steiner (physics research) and Dr. Robert Thornton (Associate Director); third and fourth rows as heads appear-Dr. John Poirier, Dr. Selig Kaplan (physics research). Ensign William Jackson (U.S. Navy), Dr. Vic Perez-Mendez (physics research), Ed Edelsack (Office of Naval Research), Dr. Bob Pyle (phisics research, Walter Popenuck (plant engineering), Dr. Roger Wallace (health physics), and Jack Hart (mechanical engineering).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502284:	A five-man U.S.S.R. delegation recently visited the Berkeley Laboratory to learn about our radiobiology work. Dr. John Lawrence (far right), Donner Laboratory Director, shows the group the Donner facilities. Left to right are Dr. Alexander Pavlov, Moscow Stomatology Institute; Dr. Valerie Rochkarev, Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Medicine, Moscow; Dr. Cornelius Tobias, Donner Laboratory; and (in front of Dr. Tobias) Dr. Mikhail Pobedinski, Central Scientific Research Institute for Roentgenology, Radiology and Cancer, Leningrad. Dr. Georgi Zedgenidze, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, was out of camera range. Next to Dr. Lawrence is State Department translator Albert Roth. The Laboratory visit was arranged by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, in return for visits that were made by U.S. doctors last year to similar U.S.S.R. installations.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502285:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. Delegates register outside Building 50. The curved exterior rear wall of the newly remodeled auditorium can be observed at right.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502286:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. Scientists gather in the auditorium for a conference session. The new enclosed projection booth can be seen at rear.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502287:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. From France, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, came (left) Dr. Stan Winter, and from the U.S. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Dr. Hartland Snyder.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502288:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. In the cafeteria delegates attend a session illustrated with slides. New equipment in this room makes it suitable for slide and movie showings.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502289:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. Coffee break chat with (l. to r.) Dr. Lynn Stevenson (Lawrence Radiation Laboratory), Dr. James Snyder and Dr. Bruce McCormick (University of Illinois), Dr. Shinjiro Yasumi (Tokyo University).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502290:	About two hundred and fifty scientists, representing fifteen countries, gathered at the Berkeley Laboratory on September 12, 13, and 14, for the 1960 International Conference on Instrumentation for High-Energy Physics. Russian delegates are caught by the cameraman: (l. to r.) V.I. Veksler, V.P. Dzhelepov, A. A. Naumchik, and A.P. Safronov. The Soviet sent a total of 12 men.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502305:	Prime Minister Tage Erlander of Sweden (l.) and his wife chat with Dr. Edwin McMillan and Swedish Ambassador Gunnar Jarring during a visit to the Berkeley Laboratory on April 7, 1961.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502306:	Surprise visitor to the Berkeley Laboratory on Augusat 15, 1961, was Ambassador to the UN Adlai Stevenson (center), shown here with (l. to r.) Isadore Perlman, Robert Thornton, Wallace Reynolds, and Donald H. McLaughlin, Regent of the University. Stevenson was in town to address the International Astronomical Union meeting at U.C.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502307:	In animated conversation at the 184-inch cyclotron, Swiss accelerator design specialist Rolf Wideroe (r.) and Berkeley Theoretical Group Leader Dave Judd discuss early days of high-energy physics.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502308:	"Welcome to Berkeley!" At the first "Get Acquainted Tea" for wives of newcomers to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley's scientific staff hostesses (l. to r.) Mrs. Edwin M. McMillan, Mrs. Edward W. Strong, and Mrs. Ernest O. Lawrence extend a friendly greeting to Mrs. John Forrester. Mrs. Forrester (who is married to British chemist John Forrester, Berkeley Chemistry) was one of 200 guests who thronged the Berkeley cafeteria on September 29 to chat over tea and cookies and learn more about the Laboratory, the Univeristy and the community.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502309:	Under the lights at KRON's Studio B, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Chemist Al Ghiorso (r.) and Bud Larsh jiggle the dials on a suddenly uncooperative prop.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502310:	President Kennedy pays a visit to Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Emerging from Building 70A, left to right, are Norris Bradbury (LASL Director), John Foster (LRL Livermore Director), Edwin McMillan (LRL Director), Glenn Seaborg (AEC Chairman), the President, Edward Teller (LRL Associate Director), Robert McNamara (Defense Secretary), and Harold Brown (Director of Defense Research and Engineering).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502311:	The faces are familiar-but the setting is Geneva, not Berkeley. Laboratory scientists Emilio Segre (l.) and Luis Alvarez (r.) were snapped by a CERN Courier photographer as they greeted old friend and associate Hans Bethe in the entrance hall of the CERN Administration Building during High Energy Physics Conference.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502312:	His Royal Highness, Prince Philip visits Berkeley Lab. Bio-organic Group leader Melvin Calvin (r.) shows the visiting prince a series of x-ray chromatographs used in his Nobel Prize-winning work on photosynthesis.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502387:	Fellow Britishers Margaret Alston (seated, l.) and Peter Davey (standing, r.), guest scientists in the Alvarez Group, show His Royal Highness, Prince Philip of England, how bubble chamber films are scanned and measured in the group's data reduction center in Building 50.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502388:	Donner's senior staff assembled to brief newsmen on the laboratory's history and present goals. Left to right are Dr. James Born, assistant director; Dr. John Gofman, professor of medical physics; Dr. Harding Jones, professor of medical physics and assistant director; Dr. John Lawrence, director; and Dr. Cornelius Tobias, professor of medical physics.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502389:	Operation Yuletide Family Day at the lab included a demonstration. "Now watch closely"-and that's just what everyone does as Edwin McMillan takes a moment from the receiving line to demonstrate a treasured heirloom-the combination mousetrap/cigarette lighter/atom smasher presented to the late Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Mechanical Shops chief Andy Harvie on a long-ago Christmas. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502390:	Visiting Nobel Laureate Frederick Robbins is shown in his office in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's new Animal Bioradiological Laboratory. A search for better ways of growing the rubella virus (agent of German measles) has brought Fredereick Robbins to LRL for a sabbatical year from his posts as director of pediatrics and contagious diseases at Cleveland Metropolitan Hospital and professor of pediatrics at Western Reserve Medical School. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502391:	Between sessions at International Materials Symposium, held here last month, IMRD (Inorganic Materials Research Division) Division leader Leo Brewer (r.) chats with a delegate outside Wheeler Hall.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502392:	In the director's office (Berkeley Family Day, May 2), guests were greeted by Mr. and Mrs. Ellison Shute, of the AEC San Francisco Operations Office, Mrs. Ernest Lawrence, Director and Mrs. Edwin McMillan. Here, they welcome Dr. John Madison and his children Patty, Cathy, and Jim, guests of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory employee Paula DeLuca.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502393:	Family Day, May 2, at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. High-flying bouncing ball amused the crowds, also taught them something about how a synchrotron works. Model (shown with Alan Rittenberg of the Alvarez group) consisted of a revolving dish and a steel ball; it illustrated principles of acceleration, phase-lock, phase instability, harmonic modes, focusing, and focusing instability in synchrotrons.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502394:	Inorganic Materials Laboratory, completed just a few months ago, was one of Family Day's featured attractions. Here, IMRD staff members Ted Chenoweth and Vistor Zackey (center) show off a display of decorative electron-microscope photographs to visitors Bill Carpender (C&M Shops), l., son Tom and wife Marian.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502395:	Irish physicist Dr. Ernest Walton, visiting Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley for the first time last month, enjoys the view from Building 50A with his wife and Director Edwin McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502396:	Sir Mark Oliphant, (l.) chats with Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Director Edwin McMillan on thebalcony of Building 50A. Their friendship goes back to World War II days at the Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502397:	The charm and gaiety of Britain's Princess Margaret and her husband, Lord Snowdon, are caught in this picture, snapped by Magnet photographer George Kagawa as their limousine pulled up at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's 184-inch cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502398:	Greeting the Princess on her arrival here were Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Director Edwin McMillan and his wife, Elise. UC Chancellor Roger Heyns is at Margaret's right. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97502399:	In the medical cave of the 184-inch cyclotron, Margaret and Tony listen attentively as Doinner Associate Director Jim Born (r.) describes treatment of acromegaly patients. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602403:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. Physical Sciences Lecture Hall was the scene of several discussion sessions. Shown outside the entrance are (clockwise from l.) Klaus Bottstein of the Max Planck Institute, Munich; Gerson Goldhaber, LRL; Gideon Alexander and Gideon Yekutieli, both of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Isreal.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602404:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. Coffee break conference on the steps of Wheeler Auditorium brings together (l. to r.) Rogert Adair, of Yale; Mel Schwartz and Wolfgang Panofsky, of SLAC; Leroy Kerth, of LRL.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602405:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. Nobel Laureates C.N. Yang of Stony Brook and Emilio Segre of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602406:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. Edward Teller of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and theoretician Yuval Ne'eman of Tel Aviv.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602407:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. The Oppenheimers: Robert (l.) of Princeton, and Frank of Colorado.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602408:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. The after-dinner speaker at the banquet was Robert E. Marshak of Rochester.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602409:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory hosts the High Energy Physics Meeting. Theoretical physicist Stanley Mandelstam of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory rises to speak during a discussion group on the symmetries of the strong interactions. First three days of the conference were devoted to these free-form, informal meetings; the final three days consisted of plenary sessions at which rapporteurs summarized the data, discussions, and tentative conclusions (if any) thrashed out in the groups. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602410:	Famed photographer Ansel Adams, an old hand at capturing the magic and excitement of the California landscape, generated some excitement of his own when he turned his camera on us last month. Adams spent a day at the Berkeley Laboratory shooting photographs for the forth- coming book, "Fiat Lux," a collection of pictures and text that will be published by the University of California in celebration of its Centennial in 1968. Like all really good photographers, Adams is adept at making his subjects feel at ease before the camera: notice that Laboratory Director, Ed McMillan doesn't seem to be suffering at all. The young lady steadying the camera is Adams' assistant, Lillian deCock. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602498:	Last year, Gilman's Room 303 was declared a National Historical Landmark in memory of the discovery of plutonium there on the night of February 23-24, 1941. This month, a new marker went up just two doors down the hall at Room 307, where the fissionable nature of uranium-233 was discovered on the evening of February 2, 1942.A bronze plaque which will hang outside 307 Gilman Hall is admired by the three co-discoverers of fissionable U-233; (l. to r.) John Gofman, Glenn Seaborg, and Raymond Stoughton.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602499:	Eleven Regents of the University of California paid an official day-long call on the Berkeley Laboratory on July 12, 1967. On the way to the cafeteria for lunch, the Regents stopped briefly for demonstrations in the scanning and measuring areas of Building 50A and 50B, and the X-ray emission spectrograph in Building 70. At the spectrograph, Regents submitted some of their personal cuff-links and other jewelry for instant analysis. Left to right foreground: Isadore Perlman, Regents Heller and Kennedy, AEC Chairman Seaborg, Regents Boyd and Pauley, LRL Director Edwin McMillan, and Harry Bowman, one of the developers of the instrument. In background are, (l. to r.) Cornelius Tobias, David Judd, and Harold Fidler.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602500:	The search for ultimate reality-the truth that lies beyond the senses-is what high-energy physics is all about. But there are other roads to that reality too, and last month the two roads came together briefly in the visit to the Laboratory of India's famed guru, or teacher, Maharishi Mehesh Yogi, founder of the discipline of transcendental meditation. In the Computer Center, the Maharishi carried his customary white roses in one hand-and, in the other, the "blue book" of high-energy physics data, UCRL 8030. The Maharishi's guide during LRL tour was physicist Gerson Goldhaber, at right.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602501:	The search for ultimate reality-the truth that lies beyond the senses-is what high-energy physics is all about. But there are other roads to that reality too, and last month the two roads came together briefly in the visit to the Laboratory of India's famed guru, or teacher, Maharishi Mehesh Yogi, founder of the discipline of transcendental meditation. Quarks were the subject of discussion between (l. to r.) physicist Gerson Goldhaber, his son Nat, Larry Lyon of the Students' International Meditation Society, and the Maharishi.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602502:	More than 3200 people turned out for Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley's Family Day, held on November 17, 1968. Compressor for the Electron Ring Accelerator, recently tested at Livermore's Astron, was on display in Building 58.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602503:	For about 1800 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory employees, their families and their friends, Family Day 1973, was taken up with sights and activities. It was five years since the last open house. At a recepton in the Cafeteria, everyone had a chance to say hello to the incoming Lab director Andy Sessler (l. to r.) and his wife Gladys, and to Dr. and Mrs. Edwin McMillan. Mrs. Ernest O. Lawrence was on hand too.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602504:	For about 1800 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory employees, their families and their friends, Family Day 1973, was taken up with sights and activities. It was five years since the last open house. The spark chamber mock-up sparks interest in Building 50 lobby.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602515:	The discovery of carbon-14, the radio-isotope often valued in human benefits as being worth man's total investment in atomic energy, was recalled during a recent visit to Berkeley of chemist Martin Kamen, now of the University of California San Deigo. Here the oldest sample of man-made carbon-14 is examined by Martin Kamen (l.) and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Director Edwin McMillan. The sample was recently given to LRL for safekeeping by chemist T.H. Norris of Oregon State Univsersity.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602516:	The October Palace of Culture in Kiev was the site of the 15th International Conference on High Energy Physics, attended by a number of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientists.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602517:	The October Palace of Culture in Kiev was the site of the 15th International Conference on High Energy Physics, attended by a number of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientists. A boat trip on the Dnieper River found Group A's Jerry Lynch speaking with French physicist Francis Mueller of CERN.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602518:	A recent speaker at special research progress meetings was Sir Mark Oliphant of the Australian National Laboratory, who gave "some personal recollections of Ernest Rutherford."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602519:	A recent speaker at special research progress meetings was Bernard Gregory of the Ecole Polytechnique, who spoke on physics at the Intersecting Storage Rings at CERN.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602520:	Atomic Energy Commission Chairman Dr. James R. Schlesinger paid his first visit to Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Friday afternoon, September 22, 1972. Jim Born (left), head of Donner Lab explains how the new patient positioner, ISAH, is used in radiation therapy to Schlesinger (second from left), McMillan, and Thomas Budinger, also of Donner Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602521:	A scientific delegation from the People's Republic of China wound up a month-long tour of some of America's prominent scientific institutions with a two-day visit at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the University of California, and the Lawrence Hall of Science on December 13 and 14, 1972. Al Ghiorso uses a model to describe the operation of Super HILAC. Third from left is Dr. Chang Wen-yu (holding book), deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Atomic Energy. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602726:	Moving Day at Building 50-A. A new problem in parity is attacked by Theoretical Group Leader Dave Judd during group's move to 50A. Seems that Group Secretary Georgella Perry decided (just like a woman) that she'd like her desk better reversed - and some of the nation's best theoreticians had a fine time figuring out how to make Georgella's right-handed desk hardware serve as left-handed hardware.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97602739:	An irresistible challenge to any 12-year old boy (or any Ph.D. physicist) is this ingenious "game" demonstrating the techniques of high-energy physics research-one of many fascinating science exhibits currently on display in the Lawrence Hall of Science's temporary quarters, Wing E, campus. Body english (as practiced above by Berkeley Tech Info's Gloria Smith) doesn't help, but kibitzers' advice (as proffered by Tech Info's Gerry Behman) may.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97702850:	During the dedication ceremonies at the Lawrence Hall of Science on May 20, 1968, the dedicatory address, "The Heritage of E.O. Lawrence," was presented by AEC Chairman Glenn Seaborg. Shown on the podium with Seaborg are (l. to r.) Congressman George Miller, Director Edwin McMillan, Donald Cooksey, Herbert Childs, Regent Edwin Pauley, John Lawrence, Mrs. Ernest Lawrence, UC President Charles Hitch, Chancellor Roger Heyns, Harvey White, AEC Commissioner James T. Ramey, Chairman of UC Regents Theodore Meyer, AEC Commissioner Gerald Tape, former Regent Donald McLaughlin, Howard Vesper,  vice president of Standard Oil of California, and Lawrence Award winners James Arnold and E. Richard Cohen.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97702851:	During the dedication ceremonies at the Lawrence Hall of Science on May 20, 1968, Mrs. Ernest O. Lawrence accepted a leather-bound copy of "An American Genius," the biography of her late husband, from its author, Herbert Childs.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/VISITORS-AND-SPECIAL-EVENTS/tags/97702852:	One of the displays at the dedication ceremonies at the Lawrence Hall of Science on May 20, 1968, is an illuminated periodic table. Director Harvey White and AEC Chairman Glenn Seaborg operate push-button control panel, showing dedication-day guests first one and then another of the table's three faces.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/96602512:	Exterior view of the old Radiation Laboratory, August 1931. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/96602897:	Panorama of "Old Town", the city of the 184-inch  cyclotron, during the peaceful days after the war. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602596:	Visible now is the skeleton of all three floors of Building 90. The new Engineering and Services building is being constructed on a knoll north of the Berkeley Laboratory Animal House and Building 64. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602597:	Progress is being made at Building 88-the 88-inch cyclotron being built 50 feet below the North Gate Office, Building 65. The versatile new machine will accelerate a variety of particles including protons, alpha particles, deuterons and the nuclei of heavier atoms. Its energy will be adjustable over a wide range. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602600:	Covered with plastic sheeting to protect it during the rain is this excavated area for the annex to Building 50. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602727:	Berkeley Crafts Building will look like this when completed. Among other shops and service areas, the building will house the Hill's first vehicle servicing shop. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602729:	Large circular laboratories on second and third floors of new Biodynamics building are planned to focus group activities from individual desk-lab areas (near windows) towards shared working areas in the center. This view shows the second floor. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602731:	Flags waved and the sun shone during the April 1 outdoor ceremonies dedicating the new Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics (seen in background). Shown delivering the dedicatory address is Dr. Arne Tiselius, guest of honor. Seated on dias (l. to r.) are guests Prof. Michael Goodman; Swedish Consul General Per Anger; AEC Chairman Glenn Seaborg; UC Berkeley Chancellor Edward Strong; Biodynamics Lab Director Melvin Calvin; NSF Director Leland Haworth; UC Regent Donald McLaughlin; LRL Director Edwin McMillan; UC Dean of Chemistry Robert Connick. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97602732:	Berkeley's new animal bioradiological laboratory: off-limits to infection. The division of the lab into two carefully segregated worlds-"clean" (in the sense of infection-free) and "dirty" (in the sense of infected)-is described by Dr. John Schooley, director of Increment I as "an in and out affair." Says Schooley, "There has to be two-way traffic control, so that 'clean' and 'dirty' never meet."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97702841:	Loading and unloading will be faster and more efficient at the Stores Department's new Central Receiving Building (69), located east of Building 75. The facility houses the Receiving/Shipping section and the Transportation of Materials section.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97702845:	A major expansion of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Berkeley physics research facility was accomplished last month with the formal opening of Building 50B, the new 60,000-square-foot annex to the central physics complex. The complex presents a pleasing new silhouette to the world with the completion of the high-rise 50B annex.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97702891:	Building 30 had stood empty, forlorn, condemned for the past year, its paint-peeled timbers and sloping floors knowing the end was near. In this photo from 1947, Building 30 was constructed on the "Hill." Recently Lab plant engineers found it to be structurally inadequate in the event of an earthquake. September 20, 1972 was the day it bit the dust. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97702892:	Building 30 had stood empty, forlorn, condemned for the past year, its paint-peeled timbers and sloping floors knowing the end was near. In 1947, Building 30 was constructed on the "Hill." Recently Lab plant engineers found it to be structurally inadequate in the event of an earthquake. September 20, 1972 was the day it bit the dust. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/BUILDINGS/tags/97702893:	In 1947, Building 30 was constructed on the "Hill." This view of the Laboratory in November 1947 shows a goat farm in the canyon below Building 30. Recently Lab plant engineers found it to be structurally inadequate in the event of an earthquake. September 20, 1972 was the day it bit the dust. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602594:	The old radiation laboratory building was originally a U shape with a skylight-covered court. In 1942 Ralph Norman (left) built walls on it and started a Carpenter Shop. The original Berkeley boxes were developed in the old building for Health Chemistry. Stan Smith (right) demonstrates a special Berkeley box, the piano box.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602595:	Ony Maxwell uses a glassblowing lathe to make a two-stage diffusion pump. The Glass Shop was one of the early occupants of Old Radiation Laboratory (ORL) during the cyclotron era. Here strange and unusual shapes of glass have been blown for numerous research projects. When the bubble chamber was invented, the Glass Shop played an important role in its original development. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602598:	These men, bending a piece of metal for a sink, are working in theBerkeley Sheet Metal Shop; (l. to r.) Sheldon Myers (foreman), Earl Vargen, and Jim Tunney.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602599:	The three-ton steel door for the new human body radiation counting room is being hoisted into place. (L. to r.) Dr. Tony Sargent supervises as the contractor's men, Adam Gierak and Don Mossestad, operate the lifitng equipment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602602:	The annex to Building 70 is shooting up fast. It has now risen higher than the cafeteria, which is seen in the foreground. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602603:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. That's not gunsmoke on the TV screen, it's the magnified track of a nuclear particle. Interested viewers are Fred Wiltens (l.) and Jim Hodges of the microscope shop. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602604:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. An accelerator target (in holder, center) is about to get a thin outer coat of copper from the vacuum evaporating equipment in Building 25. Dan O'Connell (l.) and Gordon Steers make last-minute adjustments.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602605:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. Something from the oven? Walter Stockton (l.) holds a tray of the silicon-crystal counters that are being developed by a Mechanical Technicians team. The oven (open door, r.) is used in the drying process. Lee Bridges is at right.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602606:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. In the ceramics shop, Mike Basil pours while Tibor Berne (l.) and Robert Menzies steady the mold. The finished product will be a zirconium silicate insulator.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602607:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. Designed and built by Mechanical Technician Duane Newhart, this 300-ton hydraulic press can exert up to 4 million pounds of pressure per square inch. The press is in Building T-1.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602608:	Meet Berkeley's mechanical technicians. A production job on the tracer lathe at Berkeley Mechanical Shops was the machining of 75 "drift tubes" to go in the linear accelerator at the Bevatron (part of the modernization program). (L. to r.) Alex Comazzi (day shift) turns over the work to Chuck Trantham, who has just come in for night-shift work.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602723:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's medical section guards your health. Keeping the records up to date, administrative assistant Marcy Wales conferes with Dr. Howard Parker, head of the Berkeley Medical Section.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602725:	One of the stages in the installation of the new beta spectrometer at Building 73: magnet-system designers Jack Hollander, Carl Nordling, and Kai Siegbahn, with newly unwrapped spectrometer in background. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602730:	Two new computers will take some of the pressure off Berkeley's giant 7090. In Building 50A's computer center, Dave Stevens and Carol Ann Bruno, both of Math & Comp Services, run a program throught the 7040.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602733:	Berkeley's new animal bioradiological laboratory: off-limits to infection. Play period is a daily routine for Pretty Penny, a longtime Animal Lab resident, Deortra Brooks (l.), chief animal technician in Increment II, and helper Willie Saunders. Frequent human contact makes animals cooperative and easier to handle during experimental sessions.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602734:	Carpenters' Shop-Foreman Al Kleven looks on as John Carvalho applies adhesive cement to cover plates for air-shrouding system in Bevatron. In background, Leo Kesti, makes a scanning projector screen. Carpenter shop is in Room 235 of new Construction & Maintenance shops. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602735:	A new relationship between computer and experimenter is foreshadowed in this PDP-centered counting system at the 184-inch cyclotron. Computer is the upright unit, second from left. Physicists David Cheng (foreground) and Burns MacDonald, of the Moyer-Helmholz group, use an on- line typewriter (foreground) to ask questions of the computer, get their answers right back on the same sheet of paper. Experiment, which ran in early December, was a study of proton-neutron polarization from 300 to 700 MeV. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602736:	Between jobs a PDP-5 computer returns to Nuclear Instrumentation's shop in Building 50A, where it is prepared for its next assignment. Shown above, checking out program for a forthcoming Bevatron run, are programmer Tony Schaeffer (pipe, l.), and Nuclear Instrumentation Group members Mike Wolverton, Stan Klezmer (rear) and Sypko Andreae. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602737:	Health Services staff in Berkeley moves to new Medical Facility. In treatment area, nurse Bertha Hagelberg bandages patient Gunnar Carlson (Welding Shop), who had received a reflection burn on his finger. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602738:	Browse or borrow in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Instrument Loan shops. Well-stocked shelves of Berkeley's Instrument Loan shop yield just what physicist Bob Pyle (r.) came looking for - a voltage divider. Shop forman Clyde Horn is at left.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602740:	Last-minute check of radioactivity level takes place just before barrels are loaded onto truck for disposal. Health Chem technicians shown above are (l. to r.) Dick Martin, Ken Miles, Marty Africa. Ken and Marty wear standard Health Chem protective garb. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602741:	First unit of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's new Control Data 6600 computer rolls off the truck which brought it from factory in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602744:	The night watch in the 88-inch cyclotron's control room; nuclear chemist Ray Gatti (r.), owl-shift crew chief Roy Benedict (center), and accelerator operator Yu Cheun Lee keep an eye on the night's run, a nuclear-fission experiment being conducted by Stan Thompson's chemistry group in collaboration with a group from Argonne National Laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97602745:	At the 184-inch cyclotron, graduate students Pete Berardo (l.) and Neville Lee collect data during an all-night run. Pete and Neville are members of the Accelerator Users Group from UCLA, headed by physicist Roy Haddock. This study was of negative pion photo production.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702839:	Maintenance Machinists Eliot Lesti and Walt Mosberg pipe liquid nitrogen into the large storage dewars outside Berkeley's Chemisty complex, Building 70 and 70A, which must be refilled at frequent intervals all throught the day and night. Maintenance Machinists play a very special and important role in Berkeley's night scene.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702842:	Blue Glow of Cernekov radiation illuminates the depths of Berkeley reactor's pool, while reactor personnel stand in perfect safety only a few feet away. Shown are (l. to r.) Reactor Supervisor Lawrence Ruby, Walter Vetter of the AEC's Division of Compliance, Lee Stollar of the Neutronics Lab staff and Pat Kraker, health physicist. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702843:	Fishin' in the Reactor Pool is no gag-they really use that rod and reel for getting samples in and out of the lazy susan specimen rack. Hauling in the day's catch is reactor operator Harry 'Braun.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702844:	Ready Room of Berkeley's 50B computer area offers self-service key punch and other facilities for the Hill's programmers. l. to r., are Loren Meissner, Eric Beals and Bill Dempster. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702847:	Library staff offices have moved to the fourth floor of Building 50B, right around the corner from the reading room and documents vault in 50A. Library assistant Majorie Burns (l.) checks shelf list while Bonnie Blackburn pursues a reader's inquiry in the library's collection of bibliographical references (r.).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702849:	Downed power tower is surrounded by a swarm of P.G.&E. repair crewmen and Contra Costa County investigators. Three legs of the tower had been knocked out by dynamite charges. The tower, located in a remote area of Tilden Park, carried main power supplies for the University and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702881:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley's computer power tripled recently with the delivery of a Control Data 7600 computer - leader of the present generation of high-speed computers. It is shown here being hoisted to the first floor of Building 50B.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702883:	Knowing how to handle machine-shop tools can be just as important to an experimental physicist as higher mathematics-but few universities include "shop" in the physics curriculum. Over the past few years Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Hagop (Hap) Hagopian, of Mechanical Shops, has been offering just such instruction on an informal basis to any graduate student who wants to learn. Hap is shown with one of his most enthusiastic alumni, Alan Kirschbaum of Group A.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702889:	A new Tissue Culture Facility for cancer research is now equipped, staffed and operating in a trailer unit on the roof of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics. James Bartholomew displays the incubators where normal mouse fibroblast cells grow in an environment of carefully controlled temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide content. Malignant cells will be added later.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702890:	Rebuilt medical cave at the 184-inch cyclotron. "Patient" lies on ISAH (Irradiation Stereotaxic Apparatus for Humans) bed while allignments are made by John Lyman. No one but the patient is in the cave during beam treatments. Scientists monitor treatments from a television screen in the cyclotron control room. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702895:	Gloria Smith (rear) communicates with RECON (REmote CONsole), while Information Research Group research assistant Harriet Zais helps physicist Al Rittenberg to do his own searching of files at the Stanford computer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702896:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. The main machine shop is complemented by smaller special purpose areas: the temperature controlled precision machine shop; the beryllium shop, where toxic materials are machined in isolated boxes; and the carbon room, in which lead shielding bricks are poured, among other things.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702897:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. Frank Miller assembles Super HILAC beam injection system which was fabricated in the Sheetmetal shop. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702898:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. The tape controlled milling machine (background) is a terrific time-saver for producing both complicated and repetitious items. It can move simultaneously in three axes, as directed by a computer produced tape. Machinist Loren Wampler (left) checks finished grooves on Bevatron aluminum beam transport view box with Syl Clark, who writes the computer program, and also runs the machine when he's not programming. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702899:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. Giant magnet coil winder was custom made in the shops this year, using a Navy gun mount as the rotating platform. Because of the shops' extensive experience in winding magnet coils, many improvements on the basic design were incorporated in the construction process. Jack Laker uses a cable and winch to pull copper conductor to winding form.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702900:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. Magnet coils are cast in epoxy resin by pumping a vacuum on the sealed mold, controlling the flow of liquid plastic into the mold by pressure differential, then curing the form as Jack Laker demonstrates. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702901:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. Frank Wade tests copper plating bath by plating a sample stainless steel Super HILAC drift tube. Baths of nickel, chrome, copper, silver, gold, and cadmium, along with cleaning and etching solutions are maintained constantly, and analyzed once a month for proper chemical balance.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702902:	Mechanical Shops facilities in Building 77 thrive on difficult, even unique jobs. Ceramist Will Lawrence custom makes alumina insulators and other ceramic parts. His shop includes three kilns and several pieces of machining equipment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702903:	Recycling at the Lab? You bet! Ron Peterson dumps out a box of used film negatives. The buyer will process the material to retrieve silver from the emulsion.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702904:	Recycling at the Lab? You bet! Arthur Avaloz,employed by the summer youth training program, learned how to remove the useable parts from an electronic chassis.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702908:	Lab beautification campaign. Jeremy Knight added his own furnishings to give his office at Math & Computing the comforts of a den. He and programmer Barbara Britton confer in the company of plants, prints, soft classical music and an oriental rug.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702910:	Health Physics--tracking and tackling radiation at the Lab. Physicist Lloyd Stephens shows locations of monitoring stations installed inside and outside the Lab boundaries to detail the contribution of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to the surrounding radiation levels. Chart recorders in Building 72 collect readings from all stations through telephone lines. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702911:	Health Physics--tracking and tackling radiation at the Lab. A spark chamber neutron and proton spectrometer, designed by Health Physics and built at the Lab, is presently used to measure radiation fields behind the 184-inch cyclotron. Ralph Thomas (left) and Alessandro Rindi move it into position. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702912:	Health Physics--tracking and tackling radiation at the Lab. Physicist Al Smith places an aluminum disk sample exposed to radiation at the Bevatron into a lead and concrete box containing a detector at the low-level radiation counting facility. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702935:	Health Physics--tracking and tackling radiation at the Lab. Physicist Joseph McCaslin reassembles a bismuth fission chamber, which is used to measure neutrons and charged particles of energies greater than 60 MeV. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702936:	Health Physics--tracking and tackling radiation at the Lab. Technician Joan Oldfather measures the gamma ray dose in employee film badges, which are shown on the racks. The radiation shows up in a blackening of the film after normal photographic develpment. She measures the darkness of the films with a densitometer which reads into a computer, keeping track of everyone's accumulated dose. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/LABS-SHOPS-OFFICES/tags/97702937:	A visual conference call between Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) facilitates interlab oratory coordination, especially important for the PEP accelerator project. One camera in the closed circuit television system is focused on the conference table, while the other is aimed at a blackboard.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96602507:	Night Scene of 184-Inch Cyclotron (Old Town-Bldgs. 6, 7, 16 and 80) with Berkeley and Oakland in the background.  Cover of 50th anniversary issue of the LBL News Magazine, "A Historian's View of The Lawrence Years". 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96602510:	184-Inch Cyclotron Wilson Tract. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96602970:	The Lab as it appeared about 1955. The Bevatron occupies the central, round building. The 184-inch sits under the dome above that. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96703059:	The Bevalac link joins the SuperHilac (top of picture) to the Bevatron, allowing the accelerators to work together in a tandem mode known as the Bevalac. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96703361:	Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory is spread wide over the spectacular hillside site overlooking the UC campus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/96703493:	The historic dome that crowned the historic 184- inch Cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97602742:	Fringe benefit extraordinaire for Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's night people: the breath-taking view from the Hill, perhaps never more beautiful than it was on the night Magnet photographer Doug McWilliams took this picture from Building 50A's fifth-floor balcony.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97602743:	Unexpected beauty (at right) in the cluster of work-shops crowding around the 184-inch cyclotron, the daytime drabness transformed to stage-set magic under a full moon.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702854:	This large new color print of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Berkeley site is now available through the 184 Club. The panoramic view, shot from a helicopter by George Kagawa of LRL Graphic Arts, shows the Laboratory, the hills encircling it, with the UC campus in the foreground and Mt. Diablo in the background. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702876:	A new full-color lithograph of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Berkeley is being offered for sale to employees. This night view is taken from a vantage point overlooking the Laboratory, Berkeley city lights and the Bay. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702878:	A world worth keeping: sunset over San Francisco Bay, as photographed from the Hill by Magnet photographer Steve Gerber.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702879:	The Berkeley Laboratory as it looks today, with the Space Sciences Lab (extreme upper left) and the Lawrence Hall of Science (upper left). No classified research is performed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702880:	Another generation of black-tailed deer joins the sojourners of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley's hill. This fawn is probably only a few weeks old.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702882:	You can ride your bike to work on the Hill, even if you're not Johnny Weismuller or the superb physical specimen you were 10 years ago. Impossible? Not at all, if you take advantage of the new bicycle ferry service being offered by the Laboratory. Lynn Stevenson leaves his bicycle at the Donner bus stop in the morning. Transportation Services picks the bicycles up before noon and takes them to the Buidling 50 parking lot.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702894:	Unusual weather conditions for the "Hill." This photo shows icicles on the trees by the cafeteria as well as an outstanding view of the Bay below.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702905:	Outdoor cleanup day. Are these woodcutters or scientists? Frank Lindgren (left) and  Thornton Sargent, from Donner Lab, were among the first staff members to respond to the proposal to beautify the grounds. On this day they spent lunch hour clearing dead trees on the hill above the North Gate. Looks like fun. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702906:	Outdoor cleanup day. Ray Wakerling (Technical Information) proved his longstanding reputation as a gardener is right on.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702907:	Outdoor cleanup day. Director Andy Sessler and son Daniel displayed family teamwork.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/97702909:	An energy-saving shuttle bus system, featuring three high-top vans, is now operating at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's 126-acre site. Associate Director George Pappas gives Mary Garcia a hand after they inspected the new on-site shuttles. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/pg09_Campus:	U.C. Berkeley Campus circa 1940.  The Old Radiation Laboratory is the small, house-like structure to the right of the campanile at clock height; Le Conte Hall is directly beneath the lab, Crocker Laboratory above it.  The University of California's research facilities had been greatly improved in 1924 with the completion of LeConte Hall, the first physics building at a public American university built and furnished as lavishly as the best at the big private schools. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/VIEWS/tags/pg72_livermore:	Livermore Naval Air Station at about the time it became the site for Mark I. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SITE-AND-FACILITIES/SERVICES/tags/96904560:	Eavesdropping on the HILAC, Magnet editor Judy Golwyn listens as Marvin Hartley adjusts tuning knob of receiving set.  Scene is the roof of University of California at Berkeley's University Hall, with Radiation Laboratory in the background. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/DIAGRAMS/tags/pg21_diagram:	Top:  Schematic diagram of Lawrence's hypothesis for disintegration of the deuteron to a proton and a neutron in the electric field of a nucleus. Bottom:  Rutherford's proposal that two colliding deuterons decay either to hydrogen-3 or helium-3, yeilding protons and neutrons.  Cockcroft, Marcus Oliphant, and Rutherford all dismissed the deuteron hypothesis and advised Lawrence to look for contamination of his targets or his tank. Back in the friendly West, Lawrence hastily reviewed the possibility of systematic contamination with the help of chemical colleague Lewis. The resulting paper, sent to the Physical Review  in December 1933, should have convinced "the most skeptical [according to Lawrence] that the deuteron is energetically unstable and disintegrates into a proton and a neutron." Some friends, for example Jesse Beams, thought Lawrence's answer decisive. Others, including Charles Lauritsen and Merle Tuve, repeated the experiments with immaculate apparatus and did not find Lawrence's protons. Then Rutherford found the fast protons, but only after deliberately contaminating his targets with deuterium. Lawrence's conviction waned. By April 1934, with artificial radioactivity claiming his attention, he had discarded the deuteron disintegration hypothesis. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/DIAGRAMS/tags/pg70_diagram:	The principle of sector focusing: a particle crossing the bulging field at the edge of a sector is pushed back into the horizontal plane.  One reason for Lawrence's eagerness to proceed with the Mark III cyclotron was to test the principle of sector focusing.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/DIAGRAMS/tags/pg70_diagram2:	Sector focusing produces particle orbits with lobes, one per sector-pair. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/LINACS/tags/96602943:	The 40-foot long radio-frequency cavity of the proton linac lifted out of its vacuum vessel. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/LINACS/tags/96703314:	The radio-frequency quadrupole gets its name from arrangement of four triangular- shaped vanes that form a small hole through which the ion beam passes. Ripples along the vane edges provide acceleration. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/LINACS/tags/96703315:	The radio-frequency quadrupole gets its name from the symmetrical arrangement of four triangular- shaped vanes that form a small hole through which the ion beam passes. Ripples along the vane edges provide acceleration. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/96602761:	Detail of the two ion source guns of the initial alpha calutron. Ion beams exit upwards into the funnel-shaped electrode boxes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO-2029:	The spring and early summer of 1943 brought hundreds of trainees to Berkeley from Tennessee-Eastman Company. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_MED-228:	The alpha calutrons required constant attention to keep the ion beam current at a maximum.  Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_V-12-1:	Underneath each racetrack was a vast vacuum pumping system for the calutron tanks.  Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_Y-12-137:	The "C" shaped alpha calutron tank, together with its emitters and collectors on the lower-edge door, was removed in a special "drydock" from the magnet for recovery of uranium-235. Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_Y-12-142:	Control panels and operators for calutrons at Oak Ridge. The operators, mostly women, worked in shifts covering 24 hours a day. Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_Y-12-2:	A vast bank of diffusion vacuum pumps operated underneath the alpha calutron racetrack to free the tanks of air. Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/ORO_Y-12-36:	Construction of the huge electromagnetic complex began at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, under the direction of General Leslie R. Groves, commander of the "Manhattan Engineering District" (MED) set up in 1942 to implement the uranium project. Ground was broken on February 18, 1943. So urgent had the project become that no one stopped to build a pilot plant; the Laboratory had managed to make only a small test section of the great magnet proposed. Staff from Berkeley rushed to Oak Ridge to advise the contractor as construction proceeded. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.ornl.gov">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/pg36_diagram:	Schematic diagram of uranium isotope separation in the calutron. The world did not lack methods for separating when it discovered the possible utility of a kilogram of uranium-235 (U-235). Known techniques, pursued simultaneously in Germany and the United States, included ultra-centrifugation, diffusion across thermal or osmotic pressure barriers, and deflection in electric and magnetic fields. The last method appealed to Lawrence, who had made his reputation on the precise control of beams of charged particles. In principle the technique is simple. When passing between the poles of a magnet, a monoenergetic beam of ions of naturally occurring uranium splits into several streams according to their momentum, one per isotope, each characterized by a particular radius of curvature. Collecting cups at the ends of the semicircular trajectories catch the homogenous streams. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/pg37_diagram:	Design of receiver for alpha calutron.  Uranium- 235 collects in the small pocket between   The calutron design settled on in 1942, called "alpha," provided for enrichment of natural uranium to about 15 percent U-235. Extravagant effort went into designing powerful ion sources and aptly shaped, eventually parabolic collecting slots. The many modifications and security codes proliferated whimsical names: sources Plato, Cyclops, Bicyclops, and Goofy mated with receivers Gloria, Irene, Mona, or Zulu. Ions from Plato and his friends traversed an arc 48 inches in radius to reach collector slits placed 0.6 inch apart. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/CALUTRONS/tags/pg38_magnet:	Installing magnet shims in an alpha calutron tank to increase output of Uranium-235.     The guiding magnetic field was shimmed not by the old black art but in obedience to calculations. Accurately machined and installed, the shims greatly increased the usable beam that reached the collectors. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/1979Fall_pg39_group:	Staff of the Bevatron poses right after big modification program in 1963. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/96602952:	Injector tank completely open from outside, showing injector nozzle. Mario Carotta fabricating  one of the four straight connecting segments of the Bevatron.The Bevatron actually built has four curved and four straight sections. One straight section served to admit the proton beam from a small linear accelerator, which took its feed from a Cockcroft-Walton machine; in the final design, the particles gained 500 keV in the first stage of acceleration and another 9.5 MeV in the second. The other straight section, which, like the first, would have no focusing magnets, was to contain targets and extractors for the accelerated beam. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/96602953:	Artist's conception of the Bevatron. The beam injector is at 4 o'clock, the experimental area and emergent beam at 8 o'clock. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/96602955:	Preparation of the foundation for the giant Bevatron magnet 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/96602956:	Huge motor generators with 65-ton flywheels for storing power supplied 100,000 kilowatts to the Bevatron for each accelerating cycle of 1.85 seconds 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/96602957:	A Cockroft-Walton accelerator (right) fed protons to an Alvarez linac (center) for injection into the Bevatron at 10 MeV. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502169:	Just a handful of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory crew involved in the Bevatron modification program assemble on the accelerator's concrete roof for this group portrait. Shown are the key people from scientific, engineering, and support groups which played a part in the long- range effort, now nearing conclusion. The accelerator is scheduled to resume its experimental program about March 15. In this, its first major modification program,  the Bevatron got a new injection system, the  addition of an external proton beam, increased  shielding, movable targets, and a new control  system.   The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  The modification  program described here was one of many that  would keep the machine working at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG     
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502170:	Wide-angle view of the remodeled Bevatron shows extensive new shielding, including seven-foot- thick concrete roof and "igloo" at hub. Taking in the view from the top are Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Director Edwin McMillan (l.) and Bevatron Group Leader Edwin Lofgren. In this, its first major modification program,  the Bevatron got a new injection system, the  addition of an external proton beam, increased  shielding, movable targets, and a new control  system.   The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  The modification  program described here was one of many that  would keep the machine working at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502171:	Moveable targets can be positioned and even removed from Bevatron tank by remote control. Above, mechanical engineer Ken Stone, who designed the mechanism, checks installation. Targets can be raised into position in less than 100 milliseconds. In this, its first major modification program,  the Bevatron got a new injection system, the  addition of an external proton beam, increased  shielding, movable targets, and a new control  system.   The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  The modification  program described here was one of many that  would keep the machine working at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502172:	Heart of new injection system is the 19 Mev strong-focusing linear accelerator. The Linac was built and tested in Building 64, then moved by truck to its permanent site at the Bevatron. Not visible in the picture is the 480 kv Cockcroft- Walton ion gun that starts the protons on their long ride to relativistic energies. In this, its first major modification program,  the Bevatron got a new injection system, the  addition of an external proton beam, increased  shielding, movable targets, and a new control  system.   The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  The modification  program described here was one of many that  would keep the machine working at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502173:	Circular tunnel under Bevatron is shown during early phase of construction. Later, tunnel was filled with concrete and steel uprights to support the thousands of tons of new shielding added during the Bevatron modifications.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502174:	Meeting the press after Bevatron reopening, Edward Lofgren (center, standing), physicist in charge of the accelerator's operation, describes how new external beam is extracted from the machine. On hand to answer newsmen's questions were a number of the scientists and engineers involved in the modification program, including (left of Lofgren) Director Edwin McMillan and electronics engineer Edwin Hartwig, to Lofgren's right. In this, its first major modification program,  the Bevatron got a new injection system, the  addition of an external proton beam, increased  shielding, movable targets, and a new control  system.   The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  The modification  program described here was one of many that  would keep the machine working at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502179:	Fatigue cracks in Bevatron generators' field poles were discovered by electronics technician Willie Thompson during a routine inspection last month. Repairs are under way, and the Bevatron should be back in business sometime this spring. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most important discoveries of particle physics: experimental studies of "strange" particles leading to the discovery of parity nonconservation (the first known example of a lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the antineutron);  and the discovery of the "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the 1960's that led to the development of the quark model and the current understanding of the basic nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the periodic table to relativistic energies. The Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502180:	Fatigue cracks in Bevatron generators' field poles were discovered by electronics technician Willie Thompson during a routine inspection last month. Repairs are under way, and the Bevatron should be back in business sometime this spring. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502197:	Massive crane for new Bevatron external-beam area was installed on June 17, 1967. The crane rides on a trolley which travels on curved tracks, conforming to the curve of Building 51. This unusual design eliminates mechanical switching and supplementary handling of materials at the awkward junction of a circular building (the Bevatron) and a rectangular one (the annex). The crane has two hooks, which have a lifting capacity of 10 tons and 20 tons respectively. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502206:	Remote station of digitized control system is on the roof of the Bevatron's concrete "igloo" of shielding blocks. Don Evans is shown checking electronic connections between the system and the magnet power supplies, which are located here on the igloo roof. The new computer-controlled system runs the 18 magnets that guide the Bevatron beam, plus the main magnet power supply.  A three-to-four man crew can now operate the Bevatron. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502207:	Dozens of buttons and dials were eliminated by new digital control system of EPB (external proton beam). Jim Guggemos shows off new stream-lined console which simplifies job of Bevatron operators. The new computer-controlled system runs the 18 magnets that guide the Bevatron beam, plus the main magnet power supply.  A three-to-four man crew can now operate the Bevatron. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most  important discoveries of particle physics:  experimental studies of "strange" particles  leading to the discovery of parity  nonconservation (the first known example of a  lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of  nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the  antineutron);  and the discovery of the  "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the  1960's that led to the development of the quark  model and the current understanding of the basic  nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron  seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the  invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron  was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator.  Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and  then were passed through a transfer line to the  Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to  the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world  capable of accelerating all of the elements of  the periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on  February 21, 1993.  - JG    
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502210:	Heavy ions accelerated at Bevatron. At a press conference called to announce the acceleration of heavy ions in the Bevatron last month, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory scientists meet local newsmen. Shown (l. to r.) are Harry Heckman, Ed McMillan, Cornelius Tobias, Tom Budinger, Ed Lofgren, Walt Hartsough. The press conference marked the fact that the  Bevatron had successfully accelerated electrically charged ions (stripped nuclei) of the element nitrogen to 36 billion electron volts.  This is the first time that heavy atomic nuclei have been accelerated to energies in the multi-BeV range.   Previously, only light particles were available to experimenters at high energies. The Bevatron first went into operation in 1954.   At that time, it was the largest, most powerful  accelerator in the world.  It continued to work at the forefront  of physics for the next forty years. The Bevatron played the leading role in three of the most important discoveries of particle physics: experimental studies of "strange" particles leading to the discovery of parity nonconservation (the first known example of a lack of symmetry in nature); the discovery of nuclear antimatter (the antiprotons and the antineutron);  and the discovery of the "resonances" -- the particle explosion of the 1960's that led to the development of the quark model and the current understanding of the basic nature of matter.  In the 1970s, the Bevatron seemed to be nearing the end of its useful career in high-energy physics, and there was  talk of shutting it down. Nevertheless, it was  given a productive new lease on life through the invention of the Bevalac, in which the Bevatron was linked to the SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei begin their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where they were accelerated almost to the speed of light. With the later addition of  an improved vacuum system and other modifications, the Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the periodic table to relativistic energies. The Bevatron/Bevalac finally ceased operations on February 21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/97502274:	Mud and debris from torrential rains flooded the motor generator room of the Bevatron to a depth of six inches. Here Donald Milberger, Clarence "Slim" Harris, and Gerald Wilson cleared a floor drain to let the mud flow down the sewer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVATRON/tags/pg76_diagram:	Relative sizes, magnet weight, and cost of earliest particle accelerators at Berkeley.  ES is the electron synchrotron, BV the Bevatron.  Among the problematic features of the Bevatron's design was the size of the gap or aperture in which the magnets constituting the machine's backbone would confine the beam.   (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-LINEAR-ACCELERATORS/tags/96602942:	The steel vacuum chamber from the proton linac built in 1947 by a group under Luis Alvarez. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602939:	Cutaway view of proposed target structure for the 1500-foot Mark II accelerator. Scale is given by the two figures at lower right. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602940:	Aerial schematic of Mark II, 1500 feet long. The injector is at near end, target at far. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602941:	The vacuum vessel for Mark I went up before its enclosure, 1952. The AEC approved construction of the prototype accelerator, Mark I, after Truman's decision to pursue the Super in January 1950. Mark I was designed to produce polonium for use in the weapons program and in radiological warfare.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602945:	Rough stage shaping the copper ends of the large drift tubes for Mark I.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602946:	Final assembly and aligning of the central support for Mark I's drift tube #5. drift tubes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602947:	Assembly of the powerful radio oscillator for Mark I. B-1 cavity platform, sphere, liner and tank. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602948:	Shaped pole faces for the 1/10 scale electron model of the Mark III sector-focused cyclotron, 1951. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602949:	The magnet yoke of the model for Mark III showing the three strong/weak field regions. Cone and 60 degree pole tips. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602950:	Artist's concept of a possible target configuration for Mark III. Project R-7500 Ma production unit, aerial view of accelerator only. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/96602951:	The completed oscillator for Mark I. Completed MTA Mark I oscillator installation on test cavity in Building 52. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/GLB588-13328.LLNL:	Vaccum vessel of the MTA Mark I under construction at Livermore. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/MTA-LIVERMORE/tags/LLNL_133290:	In order to be able to install and service these gigantic tubes, the team laid a standard gauge railroad track down the middle of the accelerator. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ELECTRON-SYNCHROTRON/tags/96602881:	The completed ring-shaped non-metalic vacuum chamber for McMillan's electron synchrotron, circa 1947. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ELECTRON-SYNCHROTRON/tags/97502159:	Synchrotron operation ends. During the final experiment, physicist-in-charge, Bob Kenney (right) stops in the synchrotron control room for a word with Rudy Johnson, engineer-in-charge. When it went into operation in 1948, the electron synchrotron was the most powerful electron accelerator in the world, boosting elections to 340 MeV.  The synchrotron was based on a revolution concept, called the theory of phase stability, which was advanced independently by LRL Director Edwin McMillan and V. Veksler, a  Russian physicist, toward the end of World  War II. Design of the synchrotron was started  under Edwin McMillan's direction in 1945.  It first yielded a beam on December 16, 1948. The synchrotron was involved in the first discovery of a particle by means of an accelerator. In  1950, experiments by Steinberger and Panofsky  provided evidence for the neutral pi meson.The  machine was shut down in 1960. - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ELECTRON-SYNCHROTRON/tags/97502160:	Back in the early days of the synchrotron, Dr. Edwin McMillan sets up an experiment. Those who worked with this accelerator will remember especially one feature: The machine operated with such a deafening noise that visitors imagined they could hear atoms being smashed. When it went into operation in 1948, the electron  synchrotron was the most powerful electron  accelerator in the world, boosting elections to  340 MeV.  The synchrotron was based on a  revolution concept, called the theory of phase  stability, which was advanced independently by LRL Director Edwin McMillan and V. Veksler, a  Russian physicist, toward the end of World  War II.  Design of the synchrotron was started  under Edwin McMillan's direction in 1945.  It first yielded a beam on December 16, 1948. The synchrotron was involved in the first discovery of a particle by means of an accelerator. In  1950, experiments by Steinberger and Panofsky  provided evidence for the neutral pi meson.The  machine was shut down in 1960. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ELECTRON-SYNCHROTRON/tags/97502178:	Dismantled accelerating chamber of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's historic electron synchrotron is examined by Director Edwin McMillan (r.) and Rudy Johnson, of the Accelerator Study Group. When it went into operation in 1948, the electron  synchrotron was the most powerful electron  accelerator in the world, boosting elections to  340 MeV.  The synchrotron was based on a  revolution concept, called the theory of phase  stability, which was advanced independently by LRL Director Edwin McMillan and V. Veksler, a  Russian physicist, toward the end of World  War II.  Design of the synchrotron was started  under Edwin McMillan's direction in 1945.  It first yielded a beam on December 16, 1948. The synchrotron was involved in the first discovery of a particle by means of an accelerator. In  1950, experiments by Steinberger and Panofsky  provided evidence for the neutral pi meson.The  machine was shut down in 1960. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/96602755:	The magnet yoke for the 184-inch cyclotron during construction.  The 184-inch magnet rated as a mechanism of warfare.  The magnet was adapted for use in a huge mass spectrograph to test the feasibility of Lawrence's plan to separate the fissile, or explosive, part of natural uranium, U- 235, from its muchB more plentiful companion isotope, U-238. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/96602759:	The magnet of the 184-inch machine testing alpha calutron tanks. To the right is the vertical-pole XA prototype test magnet for isotope separation. Among results obtained with the 184-inch magnet was a design superior to it for large-scale calutrons, the so-called "XA." The prototype of the magnets to be installed at Oak Ridge, XA was a rectangular, three-coil magnet giving a horizontal field in which the calutron tanks could stand side-by-side. It had room for four alpha tanks, each with a double source. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/96602771:	The 184-inch Cyclotron begins to take shape on the Hill, October 1941. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/96602885:	Artist's conception of the 184-inch cyclotron with a fanciful beam emerging toward the observer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502164:	184-inch cyclotron experimental magnet is set up by Bob Habe (left) and "Babe" Seaborg. This picture illustrated an article describing routine research activities at the cyclotron in 1961. 184- inch cyclotron background:  In 1939, not long after his invention of the  cyclotron, Lawrence announced plans for a  large-scale (originally 100 MeV) cyclotron. With the onset of World War II, the project  became a wartime priority. TheRockefeller  Foundation pledged the principal amount,  $1.4 million, in April 1940. It was to buy a  cyclotron with a magnet face 184 inches in diameter. The machine would open the frontier beyond 100 MeV, where there lurked 'discoveries of a totally unexpected character and of tremendous importance.' But wartime uses intervened. The magnet was adapted for use in a 'Calutron,' a huge mass spectrograph to test the feasibility of Lawrence's plan to separate the fissile, or explosive, part of natural uranium, U-235, from its much more plentiful companion isotope, U-238. This work led to the establishment of large-scale calutron facilities at Oak Ridge.  After the war, the 184-inch cyclotron was completed as a synchrocyclotron,  or synchrotron, incorporating the principle of  phase stability developed by Edwin McMillan and Vladimir Veksler.  It became a valuable instrument for physics and, later, for biological and medical research. Its most important achievements include: the first production and identification of a subnuclear particle (the charged pi meson, or pion) at an accelerator; studies of the interaction and properties of  pions; studies of proton-proton and neutron-proton interactions; and use of heavy particles for medical therapy. It ended operation in the 1980s, and the domed structure that housed the cyclotron was adapted to house the Berkeley National Advanced Light Source.  -- JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502211:	"Charter Hill" as it looked when ground was broken for the 184-inch cyclotron in August, 1940. 184-inch cyclotron background:  In 1939, not long after his invention of the  cyclotron, Lawrence announced plans for a  large-scale (originally 100 MeV) cyclotron. With the onset of World War II, the project  became a wartime priority. TheRockefeller  Foundation pledged the principal amount,  $1.4 million, in April 1940. It was to buy a  cyclotron with a magnet face 184 inches in  diameter. The machine would open the frontier  beyond 100 MeV, where there lurked 'discoveries  of a totally unexpected character and of  tremendous importance.' But wartime uses  intervened. The magnet was adapted for use in a  'Calutron,' a huge mass spectrograph to test the  feasibility of Lawrence's plan to separate the  fissile, or explosive, part of natural uranium,  U-235, from its much more plentiful companion  isotope, U-238.  This work led to the  establishment of large-scale calutron facilities  at Oak Ridge.  After the war, the 184-inch  cyclotron was completed as a synchrocyclotron,  or synchrotron, incorporating the principle of  phase stability developed by Edwin McMillan and  Vladimir Veksler.  It became a valuable instrument for physics and, later, for biological and medical research. Its most important achievements include: the first production and identification of a  subnuclear particle (the charged pi meson, or  pion) at an accelerator; studies of the  interaction and properties of  pions; studies of  proton-proton and neutron-proton interactions;  and use of heavy particles for medical therapy. It ended operation in the 1980s, and the domed  structure that housed the cyclotron was adapted to house the Berkeley National Advanced Light  Source.  -- JG   
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502291:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the inventor. Part  of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon  series,by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502292:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the electrical engineer. Part  of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502293:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the operator. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502294:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the theoretical physicist. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502295:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the mechanical engineer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502296:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the health physicist.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502297:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the experimental physicist. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502298:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the governmental funding agency. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502302:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the visitor. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502303:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the laboratory director. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/184-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502304:	The Cyclotron as seen by . . .the student. Part of "The cyclotron as seen by . . . " cartoon series, by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie.  JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/88-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/96703053:	The 88-inch sector focused cyclotron, completed in 1961, uses the Thomas focusing principle refined by the MTA project. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/88-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502161:	Discussing the cyclotron magnet (seen in the background) are Dr. Elmer Kelly, physicist in charge of the 88-inch cyclotron and Warren Dexter, who is electrical coordinator for the cyclotron project.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/88-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502162:	1500 man-hours of work were necessary to assemble these trimming coils that will be part of the new 88-inch cyclotron. The coils will help regulate the strength and shape of the accelerator's magnetic field. Here, the assembly shop men add final touches before soldering. Clockwise from left: Len Clevenger bends mineral-insulated cable, "Deek" Dietrich lays tubes that will carry cooling water, Ed Stuart tests the cables to determine their electrical resistance, and Walt Wenzel uses pliers to twist wires that hold a valley coil assembly in place.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/88-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502166:	Pleased smiles break out on the faces of (l. to r.) Bob Smith, Hans Willax, and Elmer Kelly during the 88-inch cyclotron's trial run on December 12, 1961. The 88-inch cyclotron is a variable energy, spiral- ridge machine of the sector-focused type.  Such machines maintain very high beam intensities and fairly high beam energies.  The design and  construction of the 88-inch cyclotron was led by physicist Elmer Kelly and engineer Richard  Burleigh. The experimental program at the 88-inch includes studies of nuclear reaction mechanisms, scattering and absorption of beam particles, and production of many radioactive and stable  isotopes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/88-INCH-CYCLOTRON/tags/97502265:	The magnetic spectrometer at the 88-inch cyclotron with Bernie Harvey (l.) and Fred Becchetti. The beam enters through pipe on right and strikes target (center). Particles coming from nuclear reaction are analyzed by the spectrometer magnet and then detected and identified by the focal plane counter system. The spectrometer is one of several new devices recently added to the 88-inch cyclotron to make it possible to do research on heavy ions.  The complete system includes an internal heavy ion source, energy- analyzing magnets, the spectrometer with a novel  detection system that identifies particle by  atomic number, atomic mass, and energy. The focus of the new heavy-ion research program will be to examine the remains of the bomarding particle to learn more about nuclear structure.  Principal investigators will include Bernard Harvey, Joe Cerny, Cornelius Tobias, and Buford Price, among others.  The 88- inch cyclotron is a variable energy, spiral- ridge machine of the sector-focused type.  Such machines maintain very high beam intensities and fairly high beam energies.  The machine first became operational in 1961. The design and  construction of the 88-inch cyclotron was led by physicist Elmer Kelly and engineer Richard  Burleigh. The experimental program at the 88-inch includes studies of nuclear reaction mechanisms, scattering and absorption of beam particles, and production of many radioactive and stable  isotopes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/96602944:	View inside the partially opened linac chamber showing the drift tubes between which protons are successively accelerated. The machine may be pictured as a cylindrical wave guide or resonant cavity containing a time-varying accelerating field everywhere the same. The field automatically bunches particles that enter the gaps between the drift tubes as the field is increasing there. Particles arriving slightly early (or late) receive a smaller (or larger) push than the mean, and come in better time to the next gap.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/96703051:	To obtain intense and uniform beams of more nuclear species,the new SuperHilac, successor to the HILAC, was built and accelerates beams of heavy ions. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/96703061:	Rectifier decks are part of the high voltage system for Abel, the new injector at the SuperHilac, which permits acceleration of ions as heavy as uranium.  Heavy ions with energies, of 8.5 MeV per nucleon from the SuperHilac may now be sent either directly into research areas for nuclear chemistry or shunted into a long pipe for injection into the Bevatron, where they can be accelerated to 2.1 BeV per nucleon for applications in nuclear medicine or nuclear physics.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/96703140:	Superhilac injector. High-voltage rectifier decks beneath Abel's terminal house dwarf engineer Gerd Behrsing. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/96703141:	Superhilac accelerating columns which give the ions their first big boost are displayed like an elegant sculpture in a lucite case. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502158:	Experiments at the heavy-ion linear accelerator (Hilac) began in September on a part-time basis. Construction is continuing, but it will soon be completed and a definite experimental and maintenance schedule established. Tjorborn Sikkeland, Al Ghiorso, and Robert Main at the Hilac.The idea for a heavy ion machine was originated by Dr. Glen T. Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They discussed building a machine to accelerate a “pure” beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part, the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC Radiation Lab, now LBNL)  and Yale University.  Mechanical engineer in  charge was Hayden Gordon. Heavy ions had  previously been accelerated at the 60-inch  cyclotron, but could not be freed of low-energy  contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy ions are  accelerated without interference.  Experimenters  at the Hilac seek to synthesize new elements and  isotopes of known elements.  Another experiment  is “scattering” studies: in these the behavior  of the struck particles gives clues to nuclear  make-up.  The Hilac was later modified into the  SuperHILAC, and eventually became the basis for  the Bevalac, which combined the SuperHILAC and  the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502163:	The Hilac, shown before it was encased in steel shielding. It is 120 feet long. The idea for a heavy ion machine was  originated by Dr. Glen T. Seaborg and Albert  Ghiorso, who conferred with Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They discussed building a  machine to accelerate a 'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei of atoms up to argon-40,  element 18).  In part, the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC Radiation Lab, now LBNL)  and Yale University.  Mechanical engineer in  charge was Hayden Gordon. Heavy ions had  previously been accelerated at the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy ions are accelerated without interference.  Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize new elements and isotopes of known elements.  Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in these the behavior  of the struck particles gives clues to nuclear  make- up.  The Hilac was later modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502175:	Inside poststripper, Bob Stevenson (l.) and Frank Grobelch check the maze of piping which circulate cooling water throught heads. Huge "hammers" at upper left are drift tubes. A sweeping $1.5million modification and modernization of the Hilac-- the first major modification since it was turned on in 1957--was brought to a successful conclusion in July of 1965.  The most important improvement is an increase in the duty factor (the percentage of time that the machine is actually accelerating ions) from its original 3% to a possible 100%. This means the Hilac can now operate continuously. The idea for a heavy ion machine was  originated by Dr. Glen T. Seaborg and Albert  Ghiorso, who conferred with Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They discussed building a  machine to accelerate a 'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part, the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC Radiation Lab, now LBNL)  and Yale University.  Mechanical engineer in  charge was Hayden Gordon. Heavy ions had  previously been accelerated at the 60-inch  cyclotron, but could not be freed of low-energy  contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy ions are  accelerated without interference.  Experimenters  at the Hilac seek to synthesize new elements and  isotopes of known elements.  Another experiment  is “scattering” studies: in these the behavior  of the struck particles gives clues to nuclear  make-up.  The Hilac was later modified into the  SuperHILAC, and eventually became the basis for  the Bevalac, which combined the SuperHILAC and  the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502176:	"Crown of Thorns", shown with Al Ghiorso, is new first half-drift tube of the poststripper. It got its nickname from its shape and also from the headaches it gave Hilac engineers during debugging of the poststripper cavity. Spikes, or "fingers", were added to increase tube's surface area. A sweeping $1.5million modification and modernization of the Hilac-- the first major modification since it was turned on in 1957--was brought to a successful conclusion in July of 1965.  The most important improvement is an increase in the duty factor (the percentage of time that the machine is actually accelerating ions) from its original 3% to a possible 100%. This means the Hilac can now operate continuously. The idea for a heavy ion machine was  originated by Dr. Glen T. Seaborg and Albert  Ghiorso, who conferred with Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They discussed building a  machine to accelerate a 'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part, the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC Radiation Lab, now LBNL)  and Yale University.  Mechanical engineer in  charge was Hayden Gordon. Heavy ions had  previously been accelerated at the 60-inch  cyclotron, but could not be freed of low-energy  contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy ions are  accelerated without interference.  Experimenters  at the Hilac seek to synthesize new elements  and  isotopes of known elements.  Another experiment  is “scattering” studies: in these the behavior  of the struck particles gives clues to nuclear  make-up.  The Hilac was later modified into the  SuperHILAC, and eventually became the basis for  the Bevalac, which combined the SuperHILAC and  the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502177:	Rare view of the Hilac, taken toward end of the modification program, shows details usually hidden by shielding. Poststripper tank is in foreground. A sweeping $1.5million modification and modernization of the Hilac-- the first major modification since it was turned on in 1957--was brought to a successful conclusion in July of 1965.  The most important improvement is an increase in the duty factor (the percentage of time that the machine is actually accelerating ions) from its original 3% to a possible 100%. This means the Hilac can now operate continuously. The idea for a heavy ion machine was  originated by Dr. Glen T. Seaborg and Albert  Ghiorso, who conferred with Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They discussed building a  machine to accelerate a 'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part, the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC Radiation Lab, now LBNL)  and Yale University.  Mechanical engineer in  charge was Hayden Gordon. Heavy ions had  previously been accelerated at the 60-inch  cyclotron, but could not be freed of low-energy  contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy ions are  accelerated without interference.  Experimenters  at the Hilac seek to synthesize new elements and  isotopes of known elements.  Another experiment  is “scattering” studies: in these the behavior  of the struck particles gives clues to nuclear  make-up.  The Hilac was later modified into the  SuperHILAC, and eventually became the basis for  the Bevalac, which combined the SuperHILAC and  the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502201:	To test the cave floors for radioactivity, Betty Shipley checks her mop for alpha activity after having wiped a small section of the floor.  To test the cave floors for radioactivity, Betty Shipley checks her mop for alpha activity after having wiped a small section of the floor.  The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified  to new capabilities in 1961 and again in 1965,  currently (1969) facing another major conversion  to provide better injection and beam control,  and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502202:	Large amplifiers that are connected to the Hilac tanks have to be replaced every few years; Bill Stahl assembles a new one. The Hilac is a unique machine, first built in 1957,  modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major  conversion to provide better injection and beam  control, and approaching an extensive conversion,  by the spring of 1971, into a 'SuperHilac.' The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is 'scattering' studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502203:	Vacuum leaks in high-voltage column are checked with "Annie", a helium detector. Chet Hatch (l.) and Frank Grobelch put helium into the column so that Annie can see if it leaks out somewhere. The Hilac is a unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ?SuperHilac.? The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is ?scattering? studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502204:	New RF driver system for the super-Hilac is being installed bit by bit during maintenance shutdowns. Jack Fugitt is shown assembling one unit of the new system. The Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502205:	Long glass rod is used by Bert Kortegaard to draw off any remaining electric charge on metal parts before servicing high-voltage components of power supply system. The Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502208:	Now you see it-now you don't. On the last day of operations, the Hilac was gaily decked out with banners for a farewell party, attended by the Building 71 staff and well-wishers from all over the hill. The Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992.    
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502209:	Bronze plaque humorously commemorates the Hilac's great days and noteworthy discoveries, including four real man-made elements and several legendary ones. Admiring the plaque are long-time Hilac staff members (l. to r.) Bob Main, Bill Stahl, Frank Grobelch, Al Ghiorso. The Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992.    
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/HILAC-SUPERHILAC/tags/97502212:	Why are these men smiling? It's 6:20 p.m., April 20, 1972, and they've just produced the Super HILAC's first full energy beam after over 14 months of rebuilding the HILAC. In the foreground, from left, are Bob Main, Glenn Seaborg, and Al Ghiorso. Visible behind them are Chet Hatch and Rudy Johnson, who were operating the machine when the beam was achieved. To the right is Bert Kortegaard, in charge of the electronic engineering for the new machine. The Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) is a  unique machine, first built in 1957, modified to new capabilities in 1961 and again  in 1965, currently (1969) facing another major conversion to provide better injection and beam control, and approaching an extensive conversion, by the spring of 1971, into a ‘SuperHilac.’ The idea for The Hilac (Heavy Ion Linear  Accelerator) was originated by Dr. Glen T.  Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso, who conferred with  Drs. E. O. Lawrence and Luis W. Alvarez. They  discussed building a machine to accelerate a  'pure' beam of heavy ions (originally, nuclei  of atoms up to argon-40, element 18).  In part,  the machine was designed jointly by UCRL (UC  Radiation Lab, now LBNL) and Yale University.   Mechanical engineer in charge was Hayden Gordon.  Heavy ions had previously been accelerated at  the 60-inch cyclotron, but could not be freed of  low-energy contamination.  In the Hilac, heavy  ions are accelerated without interference.   Experimenters at the Hilac seek to synthesize  new elements and isotopes of known elements.   Another experiment is “scattering” studies: in  these the behavior of the struck particles gives  clues to nuclear make-up.  The Hilac was later  modified into the SuperHILAC, and eventually  became the basis for the Bevalac, which combined  the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. The SuperHilac was finally shut down on  December 23, 1992.    
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/96502087:	Aerial view of Bevalac with arrow depicting bevalac beam line 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502266:	Underground section of the Bevalac beam transfer line emerges from the SuperHILAC to behind the Bevatron cooling towers. The surrounding flora and fauna will not be disturbed, even when the line is completed. The Bevalac link joins the SuperHilac to the  Bevatron, allowing the accelerators to work  together in a tandem mode known as the Bevalac. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502267:	Two miners started at a pit in the SuperHILAC parking lot and alternately crawled into the liner pipe to dig ahead two feet. Then a hydraulic jack pushed in more pipe, and the process was repeated until 14 ten foot sections had been welded together and pushed into place. The Bevalac link joins the SuperHilac to the  Bevatron, allowing the accelerators to work  together in a tandem mode known as the Bevalac. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502268:	Completely assembled liner accelerator portion of the 50 MeV injector is 110 feet long. The Bevalac link joins the SuperHilac to the  Bevatron, allowing the accelerators to work  together in a tandem mode known as the Bevalac. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502269:	At 2:55 a.m., August 1, 1974 the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world was born at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Called the Bevalac, the machine is a combination of two existing accelerators at the Laboratory, the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron. A jubilant Hermann Grunder, physicist, celebrates for a job well done. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG      
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502270:	Biophysicist John Lyman checks beam monitoring equipment on the optical bench in one of the new biomedical caves at the Bevalac. The components of the optical bench were designed and constructed at the Lab so that beam characteristics are not significantly changed by passing through the dosimetry apparatus. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502271:	'Submarine' device exposes cultered human kidney cells to the heavy ion beam to measure the effects. Growing cell colonies are lined up on glass disks and immersed in a nutrient solution inside the submarine, which then absorbs radiation much like a biological tissue would. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/BEVALAC/tags/97502283:	The clock reads 2:53 p.m., just after the carbon beam was accelerated to full energy for the first time, and already the champagne is out. In the Bevatron control room (standing from left) Frank Selph, Harvey Oakley, Ken Crebbin, Ferd Voelker, Bob Richter, and (seated) John Staples, Doug Bensten, Fred Lothrop, Ash Brown, and Jim Guggemos prepare for celebrating. The Bevalac began operation on August 1, 1974, and for a long time was the most powerful heavy ion accelerator in the world. In the  Bevalac, the Bevatron was linked to the  SuperHILAC linear accelerator. Nuclei began their journey in the SuperHILAC and then were passed  through a transfer line to the Bevatron, where  they were accelerated almost to the speed of  light. With the later addition of an improved  vacuum system and other modifications, the  Bevalac became the only machine the world capable of accelerating all of the elements of the  periodic table to relativistic energies. The  Bevalac finally ceased operations on February  21, 1993.  - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/96703138:	The 120 kilovolt neutral beam test facility in LBL's Building 16 is shown during construction. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/96703313:	Aerial view of CERN 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/96703331:	The tapered undulator designed by LBL's Klaus Halbach and Jack Tanabe was the key to the stupendous power gains achieved at LLNL. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/97502181:	This is an artist's rendering of a proposed accelerator that was never built. The Omnitron,  conceived by Al Ghiorso, Robert Main, and Bob Smith, all members of LBL's Hilac group, would have accelerated nuclei of ll 92 elements from  hydrogen to uranium.  Though never funded or built, the Omnitron design laid the groundwork for the Bevalac. In this picture, the Omnitron dominates the Berkeley Laboratory's skyline from its site just above the 184-inch cyclotron. JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/97502198:	Close-up of microtron, with physicist Joseph Rechen, shows its circular accelerating chamber (only 20 inches in diameter). Microtron is in Berkeley's Building 44. Microtrons are miniature electron accelerators, invented by the USSR's Vladimir Veksler. They are useful in nuclear physics, reactor technology, nuclear chemistry, and industrial applications. Berkeley's version produced a 7.5 beam of electrons with intensity variable up to 10 milliamperes in pulses of one- microsecond duration.  The beam is pulsed 60 times per second.  JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/97502199:	The Electron Ring Accelerator is described to an audience at the Symposium on Collective Field Accelerators by Lawrence Radiation Laboratory theoretical physicist Andrew Sessler. Seated at Sessler's left is Nicholas Christofilos, originator of the Astron machine. The electron ring (ERA) accelerators originated in the USSR and were studied in Berkeley beginning in 1968. The concept calls for the acceleration of  doughnut-shaped rings of electrons, carrying  protons or other positively-charged particles.The electrons are accelerated, and the positively- charged particles go along for the ride. Andrew Sessler led studies of the ERA concept at LBL. JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/OTHER-ACCELERATORS/tags/97502200:	ERA compressor is shown in position for tests of ring formation and compression conducted at Livermore's Astron accelerator last fall. At left is Denis Keefe, head of the ERA program; at right is Jack Peterson of the ERA research group. This was the first successful test of the first stage of the technology for an electron ring accelerator (ERA).   Electron ring (ERA) accelerators originated in  the USSR and were studied in Berkeley beginning in 1968. The concept calls for the acceleration of  doughnut- shaped rings of electrons, carrying  protons or other positively-charged particles.The electrons are accelerated, and the positively- charged particles go along for the ride. Denis Keefe and Andrew Sessler led studies of the ERA concept  at LBL. JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602520:	Ernest O. Lawrence's handwritten interpretation of Rolf Wideroe's diagram describing a method for accelerating ions lead to the development of the cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602522:	First successful cyclotron built by Lawrence and his graduate student M. Stanley Livingston, accelerated a few hydrogen molecule ions to an energy of 80,000 electron volts.  Since each ion received an accelerating kick twice in a circuit as it entered and left the single flat semicircular electrode or "dee," those that managed to reach full energy and fall into the collecting cup 4.50 cm from the center of the instrument had made no fewer than forty turns. The result, reported at the January 1931 APS meeting, earned Livingston his Ph.D. and Lawrence $500 from the National Research Council towards the construction of a machine that might be useful for nuclear physics. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602523:	While Lawrence was studying the design of several large and expensive magnets, he learned that a huge magnet yoke stood idle at Palo Alto.  He was able to secure the yoke through Leonard T. Fuller, professor of electrical engineering at the University, who was also a vice president of Federal.  The gift came as it was, eighty tons of metal fifty miles from Berkeley.  Robert Gordon Sproul, president of the University, agreed to house the magnet and to pay for the power to run the cyclotron. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Workmen at Federal Telegraph smoothing two castings for 80-ton magnets.  The tall central pole had to be machined down for use in the cyclotron. This magnet was used for the the 27-Inch and 37-Inch Cyclotrons in the early 1930's. It is now on display in the entry of the  Lawrence Hall of Science. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602526:	The 11-inch cyclotron installed in Room 329 Le Conte Hall (University of California at Berkeley, UCB), was the first cyclotron to exceed 1 MeV. Livingston and David Sloan, whom Lawrence had found at the General Electric Research Laboratory and persuaded to come to Berkeley as a graduate student, improved cyclotron technique.  About the time the great magnet was moving into the new laboratory, the 11-inch cyclotron in LeConte gave out one billionth of an ampere of 1.22 MeV protons.  "Lawrence literally danced around the room with glee," Livingston recalled." (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602528:	Historical picture of 60" Cyclotron with Donald Cooksey and Ernest O. Lawrence.  Published version is a crop of Donald Cooksey. The artificial disintegration of nuclei     was one of the purposes of the apparatus Lawrence     had designed. In this case, the Laboratory lacked the     proper detectors. Lawrence asked his old friend,     Donald Cooksey of Yale, a masterly instrument     maker, to provide was needed. Cooksey and a student     of his, Franz Kurie, built the detectors at Berkeley     during the summer of 1932. (The preceding     information was excerpted from the text of the Fall     1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602532:	"Cornog's Robot", a product of downtime on the cyclotron, circa 1939, model unknown. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602746:	The blackboard in the old Radiation Lab recorded many important moments, including the first beam from the 60-inch cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602747:	A pre-war cartoon of the 60-inch cyclotron. From the Californian Pelican 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602748:	Critical adjustments to the oscillator of the 60- inch cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/96602749:	The first external cyclotron beam, obtained on March 26, 1936. The glow arises from the ionization of the air by the 5.8 MeV deuterons. The accelerator is the 27" cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/97502165:	While 60-inch cyclotron dee stems are pulled out, Pete McWalters checks the water lines.This was  during routine operation of the 60-inch cyclotron in 1961.   The 60-inch cyclotron accelerated its last beam on Saturday, June 30, 1962.  It began operation ont the same day in 1939, 23 years earlier. After the shutdown, the cyclotron was dismanted and  shipped to UC Davis, where it became the basis of a new spiral-ridge accelerator.  The 60-inch  cyclotron had been the site of many important  developments, including the creation of seven new elements; the creation, production and distribution of artificial radioisotopes; tracer experiments; treatment and control of disease; andstudies of the biological effects of radiation.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/97502167:	As the 60-inch cyclotron ends its run in Berkeley, the original dees of the cyclotron, which had been replaced during an overhaul in 1944, come down from their place of honor on a Crocker Lab wall on the Berkeley campus. Attaching the cables for the move are Crocker scientists (l. to r.) Mike Scardigno, Bob Druet, Bart Jones, and John Francis. Dees will remain at Lawrence Radiation Lab. The 60-inch cyclotron accelerated its last beam on Saturday, June 30, 1962.  It began operation ont the same day in 1939, 23 years earlier. After the shutdown, the cyclotron was dismanted and  shipped to UC Davis, where it became the basis of a new spiral-ridge accelerator.  The 60-inch  cyclotron had been the site of many important  developments, including the creation of seven new elements; the creation, production and distribution of artificial radioisotopes; tracer experiments; treatment and control of disease; and studies of the biological effects of radiation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/97502168:	Hail and farewell to Crocker's 60-inch cyclotron came after 23 years of faithful service, on June 30, 1962. Just prior to shutdown, a group of old friends take a last look at the machine which played such an important role in their lives: (l. to r.) Bob Thornton, John Lawrence, Don Cooksey, Ed McMillan, and Bernard Harvey. Harvey was in charge of the last experiment performed at the cyclotron. The 60-inch cyclotron accelerated its last beam on Saturday, June 30, 1962.  It began operation ont the same day in 1939, 23 years earlier. After the shutdown, the cyclotron was dismanted and  shipped to UC Davis, where it became the basis of a new spiral-ridge accelerator.  The 60-inch  cyclotron had been the site of many important  developments, including the creation of seven new elements; the creation, production and distribution of artificial radioisotopes; tracer experiments; treatment and control of disease; andstudies of the biological effects of radiation.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/pg10_diagram:	Rolf Wideroe's diagrams describing a method for accelerating ions inspired Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/pg11_diagram:	Diagram of the first successful cyclotron constructed by Lawrence and M.S. Livingston.  The single dee is five inches in diameter. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/pg12_diagram:	Sketch from Lawrence's notebook of an early shim for the 11-inch cyclotron. Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/BANC">Bancroft Library, University of California</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/EARLY-CYCLOTRONS/tags/pg14_diagram:	The first million-volt reading: January 8, 1932, 11-inch cyclotron. Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/BANC">Bancroft Library, University of California</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ENGINEERING-DEVELOPMENT/tags/96904546:	It's mighty cold inside the dewar (center), where Berkeley physicists Harley Hitchcock (left) and Paul Aron (right) are testing a coil of superconducting wire to determine its suitability for magnet construction.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ENGINEERING-DEVELOPMENT/tags/96904731:	Glen Lambertson, Chester Pike and Robert Avery proudly display their patented invention, a printed circuit steering coil, shown flat at left, and bent into a cylinder within the coil housing (right).
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ENGINEERING-DEVELOPMENT/tags/96904732:	Ken Ehlers aligns the laser which hits the deuterium ice chip (this would be in the foreground, out of photo range).  Physicist Ian Brown and plasma physics grad student Al Lietzke aided Ehlers in designing the system, including the pellet dropper, all of which was built at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/ACCELERATORS/ENGINEERING-DEVELOPMENT/tags/96A04923:	High current (10-AMP) plasma source with Wulf Kunkel and Ken Ehlers 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96703210:	A computer simulation depicts a solar neutrino event at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.  This image depicts a typical solar neutrino event in SNO.  Neutrinos are weakly interacting particles that easily penetrate the earth.  SNO has developed a large water Cerenkov detector using heavy water (D2O) as the target.  The heavy water is contained in a 6m radius acrylic vessel.  Occasionally a neutrino will interact in the heavy water and produce a small burst of light.  To observe this light an array of sensitive light detectors (photomultiplier tubes or PMTs) surround the target and collect the light, converting it into electrical signals which are feed into SNOÕs data acquisition computers.  This image presents a computer simulation of a typical solar neutrino event in SNO.  The neutrino has interacted with the a deuterium nucleus, converting a neutron into a proton and an electron. The electron recoils with enough energy to produce Cerenkov light in the water which is detected by the array of PMTs.  Each yellow line segment represents a Cerenkov photon, the yellow hexagons are PMTs which detected a photon, and the geodesic sphere support structure is highlighted in magenta.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96703225:	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory designed and engineered the PMT support structure for SNO.  The main geodesic sphere was fabricated for LBNL by Donal Machine, Inc. in Petaluma California. Following the fabrication of the steel components, they were fitted together in a test assembly.  The 18m diameter geodesic sphere is shown hanging from a crane at the ribbon-cutting ceremony marking the completion of the fabrication and test assembly in July 1993. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96703229:	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory designed and engineered the PMT support structure for SNO.  The main geodesic sphere was fabricated for LBNL by Donal Machine, Inc. in Petaluma California. Following the fabrication of the steel components, they were fitted together in a test assembly.  The 18m diameter geodesic sphere is shown hanging from a 170 foot crane at the ribbon-cutting ceremony marking the completion of the fabrication and test assembly in July 1993. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96904442:	LBNL has developed prototype event display and data acquisition monitoring packages for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.  In this image we present one such event display.  A computer simulation of a typical solar neutrino event in the SNO detector is shown, along with additional detector information. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96904443:	The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is one of the next generation solar neutrino experiments nearing the end of its construction (12/97).  The experiment is designed to detect neutrinos emitted by the sun.  The neutrinos are a product of the energy generation processes that power the sun. While neutrinos are produced in copious quantities, they are very difficult to detect. Very large detectors are required.  These detectors are frequently sensitive very low levels of naturally occurring radioactivity and to cosmic rays.  SNO has been fortunate in locating a site 6800 feet underground in INCO's Creighton Mine near Sudbury Ontario, Canada.  This depth reduces the flux of cosmic rays to negligible levels. This image shows the cavity as it was nearing the completion of its excavation in May 1993.  The barrel shaped cavity is 22m in diameter and 35m tall. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96904444:	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory designed and engineered the PMT support structure for SNO.  The main geodesic sphere was fabricated for LBNL by Donal Machine, Inc. in Petaluma California. Following the fabrication of the steel components, they were fitted together in a test assembly.  The 18m diameter geodesic sphere is shown hanging from a 170 foot crane at the ribbon-cutting ceremony marking the completion of the fabrication and test assembly in July 1993. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/96904445:	Neutrino interactions in SNO's underground detector produce small bursts of light.  These flashes are observed by an array of nearly 10,000 sensitive light detectors (photomultiplier tubes or PMTs).  The array designed by LBNL nearly complete covers the 9m radius geodesic sphere. Shown in this image is one panel of PMTs which its dust cover removed. Each PMT is fitted with a light concentrator which increases the light collection ability of each PMT by 70%.  After the panels were assembled they were covered with a removable cover to reduce the amount of air-borne dust settling on the PMTs and thereby reducing the radioactive backgrounds in the experiment. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/97702838:	Completion of structure for SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory) at Donal Machine, Inc., Petaluma, CA. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9407-04247:	Composite layout of the completion of Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) at Donal Machine, Inc. in Petaluma, California and a computer image of SNO (negatives XBC9307-05223 and BBC9201-00145 respectively)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9408-04869:	Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9502-00409:	Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) installation shot February 2, 1995
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9502-00410:	Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) installation shot February 2, 1995
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9506-02429:	Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) drawing
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD9511-05282:	Panaramic views of Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD_9408-04875:	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory designed and engineered the PMT support structure for SNO.  The main geodesic sphere was fabricated for LBNL by Donal Machine, Inc. in Petaluma California. Following the fabrication of the steel components, they were fitted together in a test assembly.  The 18m diameter geodesic sphere is shown hanging from a 170 foot crane at the ribbon-cutting ceremony marking the completion of the fabrication and test assembly in July 1993.  Superimposed on the image is a computer simulation of a typical neutrino event.  The simulation is shown at the same scale as the geodesic sphere. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD_9511-05279:	The upper hemisphere of the geodesic structure and its associated PMT arrays were installed in 1995, 6800 feet underground in INCO's Creighton mine, near Sudbury Ontario Canada.  This view is taken from near the center of the experiment looking upwards at the "north pole" of the geodesic sphere.  The array of PMTs are enclosed in removable dust covers to reduce the air-borne contamination landing on the PMTs and thereby raising the background levels in the experiment. These covers (black plastic with white stripes) were removed in 1997 at a subsequent stage of the installation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD_9511-05280:	SNO's array of nearly 10,000 PMTs populate a 9m radius stainless steel geodesic sphere support structure.  The PMTs detect the small bursts of light created by neutrino events in the heavy water target.  This outside view of the detector shows the north pole of the support structure and approximately 500 of the PMTs.  The PMT bases are enclosed in the white plastic caps on the back of each PMT.  The entire structure will be submerged in ultrapure water to reduce experimental backgrounds and to help support the weight of the heavy water target (1000 tonnes). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SUDBURY-NEUTRINO-OBSERVATORY/tags/XBD_9511-05281:	SNO's array of nearly 10,000 PMTs populate a 9m radius stainless steel geodesic sphere support structure.  The PMTs detect the small bursts of light created by neutrino events in the heavy water target.  This outside view of the detector shows some of the PMTs, a temporary construction crane, and the dramatically lighted walls of the SNO cavity.  All the material used in fabricating the geodesic support structure, the PMT array, the heavy water containment vessel, the heavy water target and light water shielding have been selected to be extremely low in naturally occurring radioactivity.  After completion, the SNO experiment will have the lowest levels of radioactivity anywhere in the world. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/OTHERS/tags/97602588:	Examining a model of the new liquid zenon radiation detector are four of its developers, from left, Haim Zaklad, Richard Muller, Stephen Derenzo and Luis Alvarez. The device is a new technique for radiation detection, using liquified noble gases.  The device uses "electron avalanche," a kind of  amplified electrical signal induced in purified liquid xenon, first proposed  for use in a detector by Luis Alvarez in 1968. -JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703050:	The Time Projection Chamber (TPC), shown with inventor David Nygren (left), was designated by LBL physicists for use at PEP, the positron- electron colliding beam ring at Stanford.    The Laboratory has collaborated closely with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), where a 20 BeV electron linac began to operate in 1967. Together they have designed and built a positron- electron colliding beam ring (PEP) that will provide collision energies.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703052:	Mark II is the successor to the Mark I detector in which the new class of particles known as the psi or J particles was found; it is being used at PEP. To obtain intense and uniform beams of more nuclear species, a Heavy Ion Accelerator (HILAC) was built in 1957. It consisted of two Alvarez linacs separated by a narrow space where partially ionized atoms could be stripped of their remaining electrons by collision.Phys (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703060:	HISS, the heavy ion spectrometer system at the Bevatron, permits a number of different heavy-ion experiments to be done at the same time. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703067:	The Plastic Ball, developed by a collaboration between scientists from LBL and West Germany, is the first detector system that records electronically the products of high-energy nuclear collisions simultaneously from all angles; it is being used in Bevalac experiments. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703142:	One of the two end caps of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), seen from the back, or outside, perspective. The caps are at each end of a gas- filled chamber about one meter long. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703143:	Massive iron structure surrounding the Time Projection Chamber (not yet in place here) is PEP- 4's muon detecting system. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703146:	The Plastic Ball, showing photomultiplier tubes that convert light into electrical pulses and (left to right) Hans-Georg Ritter, Hans Gutbrod and Art Poskanzer. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703230:	A close-up of the LBL-designed integrated circuit electronics package, which enables the Silicon Vertex Detector to measure tracks of charged particles with high spatial resolution in the face of an enormous flux of produced particles. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703304:	The Gammasphere, designed to detect and analyze gamma rays, shown in its final phase of assembly, Fall 1994. Gammasphere will provide a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over previously existing detector systems. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703305:	Geranium semiconductor detectors fan out from the target chamber of the Gammasphere, designed to detect and analyze gamma rays, shown in its final phase of assembly, Fall 1994. Gammasphere will provide a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over previously existing detector systems. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96703311:	The Plastic Ball detector was crated and shipped to CERN in February to play a major role in the quark-gluon plasma hunt. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/96A04912:	Scintillation counters, glowing with  blue light, presented an impressive spectacle in the Bevatron parking lot for a  few days. The counters are shown with Bill Ross, Bruce MacDonell and Javier  Cascos.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/ELECTRONIC-DETECTORS/tags/97200333:	Victor Perez-Mendez examines one of the wire planes from the newly patented proportional chamber.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96602977:	First tracks observed in John Wood's one-and-1/2- inch liquid hydrogen bubble chamber. The treatment of the large amounts of liquid hydrogen, about six times as much as for the 4-inch chamber, became a special study. It was pursued with the help of the National Bureau of Standards' Cryogenics Engineering Laboratory at Boulder, Colorado, which had been established to help prepare liquid deuterium and tritium for the Eniwetok test of the proto-hydrogen bomb in 1952. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96602979:	The 72-inch bubble chamber assembly removed from its instrumentation. The 72-inch bubble chamber assembly removed from its instrumentation. The 72-inch detector was finished in March 1959. Weighing 240 tons without its refrigeration system, it walked from its place of assembly to its home near the Bevatron on elephant-like hydraulic feet. Its new building had 7500 square feet of space, shop facilities, a crane, two compressors, and safety facilities including a big sphere to catch deuterium released from the chamber in an emergency. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96602981:	The 72-inch liquid hydrogen bubble chamber in its home, building 59. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96703037:	A view of tracks in the window of the 72-inch bubble chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96703038:	Alvarez and his associates admitted negative kaons into the vessel and uncovered a new particle, the X0, despite the fact that neither the X0 nor its decay products (L + p0) nor the particle created with it (K0) leaves a track in the chamber. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) A negative kaon entering from below produces an uncharged kaon and a previously unknown particle that, in turn, decays into two uncharged particles. The dotted lines in the inset follow the trackless participants. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96703039:	A pion entering from the left and striking a proton produces two uncharged particles (K0 and L) that leave no tracks until they too decay. A pion entering from the left and striking a proton produces two uncharged particles that leave no tracks until they too decay. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96703135:	Bubble chamber 15" 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/96904548:	Checking the evidence for rare pion decay are discoverers (left to right): Tom Elioff, Robert Bacastow, Rudy Larsen, Clyde Wiegand, and Tom Ypsilantis.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97502275:	Paul Hernandez of mechanical engineering conceived the ingenious idea of devising a hydraulic walking method. With this system the bubble-chamber magnet can make right angle turns and maneuver into very tight spaces, thus eliminating the need for an outside rigging contractor.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97602601:	The 72-inch hydrogen bubble chamber-biggest in the world-was christened at the Berkeley Laboratory on June 22, 1959. (L. to r.) on the top-platform control panel of the chamber are Ken Langley (Operating Crew Chief), Bob Watt (Physicist), and Dick Blumberg (Mechanical Engineer). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97602724:	Sidewalk superintendents were out in full force to oversee Berkeley's 72-inch bubble chamber's "walk" from Building 59 to its new temporary site against the Bevatron's west wall. The move took place on July 5, 1961. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97602728:	New Bubble Chamber is shown with part of its design and development crew - (l. to r.) Bob Reynolds, Ron Rinta, Rod Byrns, Frank Barrera, Dan Curtis, Jim Shand, Glenn Eckman, Paul Hernandez.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97702840:	Congratulations are exchanged by physicist Luis Alvarez (l.) and Bubble Chamber Crew Chief Bob Watt as the 72-inch chamber ended its last run. An appropriately decorated cake was served at the informal celebration party held in the cafeteria on December 12, 1966.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97702848:	Back in business at SLAC is the giant bubble chamber first developed at LRL eight years ago. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's venerable 72-inch bubble chamber has reappeared at the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC) with a new 82-inch length and a new, faster expansion system.  Shown with the remodeled chamber are (l. to r.) Luis Alvarez, of LRL, and Bob Watt, Joe Ballam, Wolfgang Panofsky, of SLAC.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97702853:	The four-inch bubble chamber-the first hydrogen chamber to produce results of scientific interest- was built at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1955 by Doug Parmentier (l.) and Pete Schwemin (r.), technicians in the Alvarez group. The year before, Parmentier and Schwemin, continuing a line of research begun by their co-worker John Wood, had demonstrated another important "first"-the first workable chamber of combined metal-and-glass, rather than all-glass, construction. That chamber, the 2 1/2-inch, was the first real prototype of a modern, practical, liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/97702877:	After the shutdown, some members of the 25-inch bubble chamber's crew take a last look from the "bridge." L. to r. are John Chapman, Glenn Eckman, Wade Hickman, Bob Cahill, Bob Dorris.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/BUBBLE-CHAMBERS/tags/pg87_diagram:	Sketch of the first liquid hydrogen bubble chamber (1.5-inch diameter), built by John Wood and A.J. Schwemin in 1954.   By the end of 1953, John Wood of Alvarez's group had made a chamber an inch and a half in diameter and found tracks in liquid hydrogen. He also found that accidental boiling did not impair formation and photographing of the tracks. The point was of great importance: Glaser and others had supposed that useful records can occur only in vessels with smooth glass walls, which give no purchase for formation of unwanted bubbles.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/96703366:	Reaction products detected in the Streamer Chamber when a 1.1-GeV-per-nucleon beam of holmium-165 collided with a holmium-165 target at the Bevalac. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/96904772:	Spark chamber automatic scanning system  (SASS) is shown with four members of the group who worked on its design and  development.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/96A04844:	Optical-readout spark chambers continue to follow their own line of progress, despite increasing competition from the newer digital-readout chambers. The optical array shown, consisting of 41 chambers and 44 mirrors, was used in a recently-completed Helmholz-Moyer group experiment at the Bevatron.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/96A04845:	Digital-readout spark chamber with Victor Perez-Mendez and Johnie Sperinde.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/96A04907:	Installed at the Bevatron, the new  spark-gap trigger amplifier is adjusted by graduate student Henry Frisch, of  Lofgren physics group.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SPARK-AND-STREAMER-CHAMBERS/tags/97200329:	Streamer chamber designers Alfred Ladage (left) and Harold Ticho are shown with some of the electronic components of their device. The streamer chamber-the newest kind of particle detector-is expected to be operational at the Bevatron this summer.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/96602886:	Schematic of the arrangement within the tank of the 184-inch synchrocyclotron devised by Gardiner et al. to detect negative mesons, the paths of which are bent around the shielding and into the plate by the  accelerator's field, 1948. The leader of the Laboratory's film group was Eugene Gardner, who had taken his Ph.D. under Lawrence in 1943 with a thesis on calutron ion sources and had then worked at improving the alpha process of electromagnetic separation at Oak Ridge.  Gardner's job was to adapt Powell's technique to the abundant flux from the synchrocyclotron.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/96602887:	Emulsion holder used in the pi-meson search. The curved channels act to prevent particles with the wrong radii of curvature from reaching the plates placed in back. For 18 months Kodak supplied new test plates and new methods of development while Gardner's group tried to find the best position and exposure time for the plates within the cyclotron tank.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/96602891:	The Ilford company produced special photographic plates containing extra chemical elements for the meson search.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/96602892:	Troubles plagued the exposure of emulsions and entire series of results were marked "bad." 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/96602893:	Mesons produced by the beam hitting the small target at left follow curved paths in the magnetic field of the cyclotron. This sketch is from E. Gardner's notebooks. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/pg57_diagram:	Photomicrograph of the track of one of the first pi mesons found by Gardner and Lattes, 1948.   G. C. M. (Giulio) Lattes wrote Lawrence for permission to work at the Laboratory. He would come on a Rockefeller Fellowship and with the approval of the AEC to teach the film group what he had learned during two years' collaboration with Powell. He arrived in February 1948, preceded by a package of II ford plates. They were exposed in Gardner's apparatus and developed according to Lattes's recipe which differed from Berkeley practice. Then Lattes who knew what to look for, discovered what the Berkeley group had not been able to find. As Gardner reported the result: almost immediately after his arrival, Lattes had "made the Bristol technique successful in detecting for the first time man made mesons." (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/EMULSIONS/tags/pg59_diagram:	Schematic of the experiment of Bjorkland et al., showing observation through a port in the concrete sheilding of disintegration photons proceeding against the proton beam; photons moving in the direction of the protons were observed  through the same port with the beam reversed, 1950.   G. C. M. (Giulio) Lattes wrote Lawrence for permission to work at the Laboratory. He would come on a Rockefeller Fellowship and with the approval of the AEC to teach the film group what he had learned during two years' collaboration with Powell. He arrived in February 1948, preceded by a package of II ford plates. They were exposed in Gardner's apparatus and developed according to Lattes's recipe which differed from Berkeley practice. Then Lattes who knew what to look for, discovered what the Berkeley group had not been able to find. As Gardner reported the result: almost immediately after his arrival, Lattes had "made the Bristol technique successful in detecting for the first time man made mesons." (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96602982:	Margaret Lawrence sitting at Jack Franck's "Franckenstein", the bubble chamber 72-inch measuring projector which reduces bubble chamber film to machine-readable data. The first successful device, the "Franckenstein" created by a team directed by Jack Franck, worked with stereo pictures from the smaller chambers. The monster projected the tracks, measured them, and punched the results on IBM cards. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96602983:	Operator, Barbara Srulovitz, maps particle tracks with Alvarez Scanning and Measuring Projector. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96703036:	The "McCormick Reaper," devised by Bruce McCormick soon after Franckenstein came to life, had the potential to enlarge the harvest. The photomultiplier of its traveling sensor was to send signals directly to a computer. The scheme was so much in advance of the computer art of the day that the project had to be abandoned. A second attempt to realize the potential of the spiral- scan method also foundered on technical difficulties. But in 1963, on the third attempt, with Jack Lloyd as chief engineer, the Spiral Reader began its work. The number of measured events jumped from 80,000 in 1962 to 300,000 in 1965. By 1968 the Alvarez team could measure and analyze 1.5 million events a year.    (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904539:	Processing of bubble chamber film, Bob Smith, Philip Larrick
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904540:	Scanning techniques, pi-meson, Mattie Woodford, bubble-chamber film scanner 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904541:	Scanning techniques, pi-meson, Peny Vedder emulsion plate scanner 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904543:	Scanning techniques are demonstrated by Barry Barish and Richard Kurz (physicists from Helmholz-Moyer Group)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904544:	Franckenstein operator, Maggie Morley, analyzes events recorded at the propane bubble chamber
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904549:	Flying Spot Digitizer with Jack Franck (left) and Howard White demonstrating the Laboratory's first operational FSD model in Bldg. 50A, Room 2167.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904550:	Early model of Scanning-Measuring Projector (SMP) is shown with designers (left to right), Robert Hulsizer, Peter Davey, Luis Alvarez, Ron Zane, and Pete Schwemin.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/96904763:	Fastest run in the west was recently  clocked by Nick Powell on the Spiral Reader. In a two-hour period, he measured  bubble chamber events at an average rate of 184 1/2 events per hour. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SCANNING-DEVICES/tags/97702846:	Spiral Reader II is the second fully operational member of an important new family of automatic bubble-chamber film measuring devices, developed in the Alvarez Physics group. Shown assembling the machine at its permanent location on the sixth floor of 50B are (front to back) Ernie Currier, Garth Smith and Leo Moran. Spiral Reader I, the system's prototype, has been operating in Building 46, but is due to be moved to 50B in the immediate future.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96904740:	Careful handling of the tiny detectors perserves their finely-finished surfaces during inspection and testing.  Detector shown (with CNI's Bob Lothrop) is of the lithium-drifted silicon type.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96904741:	Glowing furnace is one of several used in semiconduction of the silicon-diffused type of detectors.  CNI researcher Morris Roach pops a rack of detectors into the furnace for a two-hour bake at 1000 degrees Celsius.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96904742:	Automated lithium-drifting apparatus, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, rigidly controls the rate and depth of lithium penetration into thin geramanium detectors.  CNI's Blair Jarrett is shown positioning a detector in the apparatus.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96904755:	New analysis sytem developed by Nuclear  Chemistry scientists uses only the lighweight, simple apparatus shown here - a  radioactivity source and detector (unit at left) and a display oscilliscope  (right). Inventors of the device are (l. to r.) Harry Bowman, Richard Jared,  Earl Hyde and Stanley Thompson. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96A04860:	silicon semiconducting detectors research with Fred Goulding
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96A04861:	Semiconducting detectors research with Richard Davis
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96A04894:	Assembling a package of semiconducting  detectors for the nuclear particle identifier begins here, in the  instrumentation group's laboratory in Building 70A with Bob Lathrop 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/96A04906:	In this scattering chamber, alpha  particles from the 88-inch cyclotron scatter from thin metal targets. Nuclear  Chemistry's Dave Hendrie attaches a preamplifier in order to increase the signals from the solid-state detectors. The 88-inch cyclotron is a variable energy, spiral- ridge machine of the sector-focused type.  Such machines maintain very high beam intensities and fairly high beam energies.  The machine first became operational in 1961. The design and  construction of the 88-inch cyclotron was led by physicist Elmer Kelly and engineer Richard  Burleigh. The experimental program at the 88-inch includes studies of nuclear reaction mechanisms, scattering and absorption of beam particles, and production of many radioactive and stable  isotopes.    
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/97200336:	Eugene Haller inspects a mylar disc, like the one resting at the center of the interferometer. Light enters at left foreground, hits the mylar beam splitter, and travels in perpendicular directions until reversed by mirrors.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/97602591:	Technician Dick Davis puts the commercial germanium in a quartz boat lined with soot and places it into the zone refiner, the invention which formed the basis of the transistor industry. The material slowly passes a single heating unit. Since the impurities in the germanium are more soluble in the liquid than the solid phase, as they melt they accumulate toward the last end to pass through the heated section. After 20 repetitions of this process, the bar is cooled and the far end, with its lion's share if impurities, is sawed off. The remaining section is cut into 1 kilogram pieces for the crystal melt. This process has led to the growing of the world's purest gernamium crystals at LBL.  The reason for developing high-purity germanium crystals is to improve the characteristics of semi- conductor radiation devices.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/SEMICONDUCTING-DEVICES/tags/97602592:	The crystal is cut into cylindrical pieces as needed for detectors. Here, Richard Cordi fabricates a radiation detector, carefully placing the germanium disk in position.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PARTICLE-DETECTION/CLOUD-CHAMBERS/tags/pg09_cloudchamber:	This cloud-chamber photograph, showing the track of a positively charged particle of electronic mass slowed down by passing upward through a lead plate, was among the earliest evidence of the existence of the positron adduced by C.D. Anderson (1932).  The promotion of physics at Berkeley may be illustrated by the main line of work of Millikan's research group around 1930.  The line was study of "cosmic rays," the "birth cries of the universe"  (both phrases coined by Millikan); its financial backing, local resources and the Carnegie Institution of Washington; its most elaborate method, the examination of tracks left by the rays as they crossed a big cloud chamber exposed to a strong magnetic field. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96904756:	Reel of film containing astronaut Ed  White's historic walk in space is threaded on a projector by Lawrence Radiation  Laboratory's Norm Andersen, who recently re-shot and edited the film for NASA. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96904759:	Just before dawn, ground crews pump  helium into the first phase of the two-stage "Stonehenge" launch system.  (Larger balloon, not visible in this picture, is inflated while airborne.)  Concrete blocks were used to secure the balloons until the moment of launch. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04908:	Lunar rocks were photographed through  glass in the Lunar Receiving Lab a few minutes after the lid was taken from the  container. Shown is the "documented sample" of lunar material. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04910:	Trial run of chemical procedures for  moon-rock analysis was performed with a piece of the meteorite that fell on  Pueblo de Allende, Mexico in February by Jerry Han of Chemical Biodynamics Lab. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04911:	IMRD develops tool for probing the far  infrared. Far-infrared radiation is generated by "beating" two laser beams.  Here, physicist Paul Richards checks the alignment of the optical system.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04917:	"Sudden Events" in pulsars, with Richard Hills, Chris Wilson and Jerry Nelson
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04924:	High altitude particle astronomy group (balloon project) with George Smoot, Joe Lamb, John Gibson, Milt Hom, John Yamada, Any Buffington, Dave Ramirez and Bill Bridgehouse 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96A04925:	High altitude particle astronomy group (balloon project), balloon launch at Palestine Facility
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/97100017:	Bevatron Heavy-Ions Beam Group with Dr. Cornelius Tobias, Dr. Ed McMillan, and Dr. Thomas Budinger studying light flashes in nitrogen beam
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/97200326:	Use of the cylcotron beam to mimic "shooting stars" seen by astronauts.  Black hood on subject Cornelius Tobias keeps out light during neutron irradiation experiment at the 184-inch accelerator.  Helping to position Tobias in the beam line are (l. to r.) John Lyman of Biomedical Division, and Ralph Thomas of Health Physics 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/97602585:	Electronics engineer Richard Jared removes a carefully sealed sample of moon rock from a detector which was set up in a cramped mini-lab in a passageway between east- and west-bound train lanes in the Bay Area Rapid Transit District tunnel between Oakland and Orinda. More than 40 samples of ores and rocks were examined there- without cost to BART or delay to construction work. The study convinced scientists that man is unlikely to find any superheavy elements in nature.  Nuclear chemist Stanley  Thompson's team examined more than 40 samples of ore and rock (including valuable moon rock) looking for distinctive radiation that would be expected from spontaneous fission of  superheavy nuclei.  None was found. - JG
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/97602593:	Dark adapting before experiment took more than two hours. Subjects Budinger and Tobias begin process by donning special dark goggles. Black hood was added for last 15 minutes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96A04921:	Geothermal studies at Gerlach Hot Springs' hottest spring at 205 degrees Farenheit with Ken Mirk, Richard Hose and Harold Wollenberg
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96A04926:	Lee Schipper with energy environment simulator (energy conservation studies)
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96A04927:	Biochemical conversion of cellulose with Gautam Mitra
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96A04939:	Geothermal Exploration team of Andy Sessler, Jack Hollander, Harold Wollenberg and Frank Morrison representing a segment of Energy Research at the Lab on their way to the Nevada Geothermal site
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96A04940:	Math & Computing Group members Virgina Franks, Harvard Holmes, Carl Quong and Don Austin editing computer produced maps for United States urban atlases
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200337:	Tihomir Novakov adjusts the photoelectron spectrometer. Samples in the instrument are bombarded with x-rays, which knock electrons loose from the atoms. Measuring the kinetic energy of these free electrons, the researchers can determine how much sulfur or nitrogen is present, for example, and what the element's chemical state is.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200514:	Don Grether (l.) and David Gumz track the sun to measure the distribution of solar light scattered by the earth's atmosphere. Automatic tracking, telescope control and data collection will be done electronically.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200515:	Because single crystal silicon is difficult to grow, and therefore costly, researchers are trying to develop polycrystalline silicon films for use as solar cell semiconductors. Wigbert Siekhaus displays a target holder fit with a flat surface onto which a thin film of silicon is deposited in the evaporation chamber in the background.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200516:	Chemist Chin-An Chang holds two silicon polycrystals made in the Inorganic Materials Research Materials lab.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200517:	Graduate student Mark Spitler places dye and crystal into non-conducting box. By varying the specific wavelength of incoming light (representing the solar spectrum), then chopping it into pulses, he can determine how the dye will react to particular wavelengths at particular intensities.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97200519:	Field studies in Nevada are conducted by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory geothermal crews throughout the warm months, until ice crusts the ground. Here they pour water, salt and detergent into the ground to increase current flow from an aluminum electrode to the soil. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97602586:	A sensitive, one-minute test that can measure mercury contamination in fish at sea has been developed by Tetsuo Hadeishi. It appears to have considerable potential value to the fishing industry since it can be performed by non-scientific personnel using a suitcase-sized instrument and a sample of fish about the size of a pinhead. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/97602590:	Dr. Harold Johnston demonstrates a 'molecular modulation infrared spectrometer' -a long path infrared cell in which gases are examined. When turned on and off, the device simulates the presence and absence of sunlight. Dr. Johnson used the spectrometer in the studies that led to the scientific understanding of the potential environmental role of nitrogen oxides in exhaust from SST (Supersonic Transport) aircraft.  Dr. Johnson's research at LBL played an important role in decision-making about banning the SST from most U.S. airports - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/BIOLOGICAL-IMAGING/tags/96904535:	Members of the Tobias group check the  beam intensity for a "brain mapping" experiment. (L. to r.) John Lyman, Howard  Chung, Nicholas Yanni, Jean Luce, In the experiment, the researchers were able to make lab animals blink by directing a  beam of invisible alpha radiation into the cornea of their eyes. This was one of several experiments underway in 1961 using particle beams to explore the brain. JG  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/BIOLOGICAL-IMAGING/tags/96A04843:	Positron-detecting scintillation camera, shown with its inventor Hal Anger of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Donner Laboratory, is a highly sensitive electronic instrument developed especially to exploit short-lived radioisotopes that decay by producing positrons, or positive electrons. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/BIOLOGICAL-IMAGING/tags/96A04922:	Patent of Technetium-99 EHDP bone scanning compound with James McRae, Yukio Yano and Donald Van Dyke
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/BIOLOGICAL-IMAGING/tags/XBD9610-04913:	Tomographic scanner is the latest in a distinguished line of radioisotope detectors developed for biomedical  applications by Hal Anger (r.) of Donner Laboratory. Physician James McRae, at  left, recently reported on a year's clinical experience with the new appartus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904453:	Secrets of Origin of Life are  investigated. A moving picture is made for the National Aeronautics and Space  Agency on the experimental work being done in Bio-Organic Chemistry. The  cameraman (left) photographs Dr. Christof Palm (right) and William Everette of  the Linac Group (center). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904545:	Steely-nerved Magnet editor, Judy Golwyn, attempts nonchalance as Piero Ariotti attaches electrodes for "mind-reading" experiment.  At the EEG controls Cornelius Gaffey
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904547:	Analyzing samples, Dr. John Gofman and RN Erma Kovich take their turn at the X-ray spectrometer.  Table in background lists blood serum levels for 66 elements to date.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904558:	Planning next step in Bio-Organic group's study of opium alkaloids.  Project leader Henry Rapoport (second from left) explores possible approaches with group members (left to right) Robert Martin, Isamu Murakoshi, Masao Honjoh.  Notations on blackboard show the hydropenanthrene sequence, demonstrated in earlier work by the group.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904564:	Recipes for life are cooked up in the irradiation tube at LRL's 4.5 MeV linear accelerator.  Shown with apparatus are three members of the research team which recently succeeded in synthesizing adenine (left to right) Doug Pounds, Richard Lemmon and Cyril Ponnamperuma. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904733:	Chemist Marie Hebert (sitting) has become extremely skilled at animal brain dissection.  Here she works with Ed Bennett, who is weighing brain sections on an electronic scale, and chemist Ann Orme, holding a box filled with dry ice in which samples are held until analysis.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904734:	Chemist Hiromi Morimoto analyzes the nucleic acid content of brain tissue samples, revealing a greater ratio of RNA to DNA in the 'enriched' environment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904738:	Graduate students Ted Belsky and Bill Van Hoeven with samples of ancient rocks they examined for traces of "dawn molecules" which revised the timeline of life on earth. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904739:	NSF post-doctoral fellow Dean Kenyon and graduate student Gary Steinman with X-ray film radioaudiogram used in the analysis of a chemical evolution mechanism resulting in the revision of the timeline of life on earth. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904760:	Flour beetles orbit on biosatellite B.  After hatching of adult beetles, bio-physicist Brenda Buckhold (Shank) places  male-female pairs in individual containers for genetics experiment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904765:	New insights into life and death of red  cells. Living red blood cells drift through a human coronary artery. This  photograph was taken by scientists at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, using the  recently-developed scanning electron microscope.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96904773:	Living flour beetle poses for a  portrait under the scanning electron microscope. The original of this picture  was at a magnificaiton of 700 times.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96A04842:	Base camp on the slopes of Mt. Everest, 18,000 feet above sea level, was the scene of a remarkable study of red-cell stimulation at high altitudes. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory scientist Will Siri, at right, is shown conducting a count of radioactive iron, using a portable scintillation counter. The subject is fellow-climber James Lester, while Gilbert Roberts, another member of the group, assists Siri with the apparatus.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96A04915:	Biophysicist Howard Mel works with the  Staflo apparatus, a device developed at the Donner Laboratory, in Berkeley, and  used to separate groups of live particles. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/OTHER/tags/96A04918:	False alkaloids synthesized here.  Biodynamics Lab scientists Mel Rueppel (l.) and Henry Rapoport inspect their  flourishing green-house of poppies, tobacco, and several other varieties of  alkaloid-producing plants.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/1979Fall_pg39_diagram:	A design drawing for the innovative Sloan x-ray tube (named for inventor D.H. Sloan).  Left: a handwritten notation by John Lawrence (now a U.C. Regent) describing how the unit was used to treat his and Ernest's mother for cancer. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/96602527:	David Sloan and J.J. Livingood work on the Sloan x-ray tube. Sloan was reassigned to a project designed to keep alive philanthropic interest in the Rad Lab. Lawrence's backers, the Research Corporation and the Chemical Foundation, had just succeeded in breaking General Electric's patent on high-energy x-ray tubes.  In hopes of supporting other scientific enquiries by its investments in accelerator technology, the Research Corporation patented not only the Sloan x-ray tube, but also the cyclotron and the Van de Graaff accelerator. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/96904559:	Donner decompression chamber studies.  Day one gone-and three more to go. Trying (with not much success) to sleep,  Will Siri lies quietly on a cot during early hours of his confinement. By the  fourth day, most of mountain sickness symptoms had abated, as Siri's body  adjusted itself to the new conditions. Photograph was taken throught  decompression chamber "porthole." 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/96A04941:	Sickle cell anemia research with Edwin Bymun and Lester Packer
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/96A04943:	Computerized lipoprotein scanning system with Frank Lindgren, Jerry Adamson and Paul Banchero
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/LIFE-SCIENCES/RADIATION-MEDICINE/tags/97200334:	Melvin Calvin examines the results of an experiment in which the growth of cancer cells was inhabited by Rifazone-8(sub2). Allan Tischler (left), who synthesized the compound and Mina Bissell, who conducted the experiments with chick cells, look on.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904735:	Inventor Ridgway Banks and machinist Hap Hagopian, who built and assembled the parts for the Nitinol Heat Engine, set the wheel of Nitinol wires over hot and cold water baths on the engine's first run. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904736:	Atop Building 90, the Nitinol engine was hooked up to a solar collector t supply heated water.   Ridgway Banks and Duane Norgren, mechanical engineer, adjust the engine before letting go of the wheel.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904737:	Dr. Edwin McMillan had been especially encouraging about the Nitinol engine concept.  To express his thanks, Ridgway Banks gave a small luncheon in McMillan's honor and presnted him with a gold-plated engine.  On the crankshaft was engraved, "To Professor Edwin M. McMillan, who said 'Try it'."
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904743:	Individual atoms of a specimen of tungsten appear under the field-ion microscope as bright dots arranged in concentric rings.  Rings correspond to planes of the hemispheric tip.  This photo was one of the first taken with Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's new field-ion microscope. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904744:	Tunsten specimen (in holder) is inserted into the glass chamber of the field-ion microscope by S. Ranganathan of IMRD's Microscopy Laboratory.  At left is Gareth Thomas, leader of the group that will operate the microscope. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904750:	Exploring a bizarre world at -273C.  Completing preparations for adiabatic cooling, Low Temperature Lab chemist Dave  Shirley (l.) aligns counters, while gratuate student Dick Frankel fills dewar  with liquid nitrogen. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904757:	New probe of atom with Mel Klein, Norm Edelstein, Dave Shirley and Eckart Matthis
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904758:	Co-discoverers of new alloys, Earl  Parker (l.) and Victor Zackay demonstrate how samples are studied in IMRD's  tensile testing machine. The machine exerts a downward pull of up to 300,000 pounds per square inch on the sample (center), causing a tear to grow inwards  from the notched side. Conventional steels would crack, rather than tear, under  such treatment. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96904768:	Rewarmed sample of aluminum oxide is  bent into a new shape by IMRD's Milt Pickus, inventor of new extrusion-forming  process.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96A04846:	Leading specialist in low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) research is Gabor Somorjai, a principal investigator in IMRD (Inorganic Materials Research Division). Somorjai is shown with LEED apparatus in his laboratory.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96A04847:	LEED (low-energy electron diffraction) and ellipsometry techniques have been combined in recent IMRD (Inorganic Materials Research Division) studies of the physical adsorption of gases on crystal surfaces of silver. Shown with the apparatus are IMRD scientists Rolf Steiger (l.) and Joseph Morabito.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96A04928:	Dr. Victor Zackey and Professor Earl Parker with transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel sample
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/96A04942:	Solid State Photoemission group of Dave Shirley, Read McFeely, Gus Apai and Steve Kowalczyk setting up to do photoelectron spectroscopy work 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/97200338:	Milton Pickus and Kanithri Hemachalam prepare for sintering, which coalesces the porous tape into a strong but bendable form. Afterward, the strip is lowered into a quartz tube, containing a crucible of molten tin that soaks into the tiny pores of the spongy tape.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/97200518:	Physicist Dave Johnson is working on Nitinol energies, too. Here he pours water on an engine consisting of three pulleys and a Nitinol wire, which expands when sold and contracts when hot. The engine runs because one pulley is larger than the other; the third pulley is an idler.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/97602587:	Milton Pickus, Earl Parker, and Victor Zackay examine a sample of ultra high strength steel torn apart by a powerful tensile tester, one of a variety of research tools to be used at the new Center for Design of Alloys. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MATERIAL-SCIENCES-SOLID-STATE-PHYSICS/tags/97602589:	Robert Glaeser and Gareth Thomas (l to r) operate the 650,000 electron volt microscope on the Berkeley campus, the machine that paved the way for their recent discovery of the usefulness of high power electron microscopy in studying biological specimens. Their research overturned the belief that the damage caused to specimens by electron beams would increase  at energies above 1 million electron volts.  Their work showed that the damage decreases rapidly at high energies, and smaller structure can be visualized. - JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/ISOTOPES/tags/96904762:	The new modular neutron shield in  Building 70 is assembled and ready for radioactive samples from the "Gopher"  series of nuclear detonations at NTS (Nevada Test Site). Radioisotope  technologist John Depew (left) and mechanical designer Mac McCarthy of  Berkeley's Health Chemistry Department are at the controls of the new shielding  device. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/ISOTOPES/tags/96904769:	New edition of Table of the Isotopes.  Virginia Shirley (Nuclear Chemistry) has been looking up references to new or  revised data on the isotopes several days a week since 1958. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/ISOTOPES/tags/96904770:	New edition of Table of the Isotopes.  Mike Lederer checks paste-up of a decay-scheme chart with Liwana Blau (r.) of  Technical Information who did the mammoth typing job the Table required, and  Joan Delmonte (l.) who helped with general technical production of the Table. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96703134:	X-ray of Sir Francis Drake's Brass Plate. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904563:	Helium-3 Activation Experiment - Thin aluminum foil containing one ten-trillionth of an ounce of oxygen molecules is removed from target holder by chemist, Samuel Markowitz, inventor of new trace analysis technique. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904730:	Co-investigators Isadore Perlman, Michal Artzy and Frank Asaro show off pieces of Bichrome Ware, study of ancient pottery. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904745:	Fission studies owed much of their success to sophisticated new equipment for detection and analysis of nuclear fragments.  In their Bldg. 70 laboratory, nuclear chemists John Rasmussen (left), Stanley Thompson and Harry Bowman share honors with their 10,000-transistor multidimentional pulse height analyzer. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904752:	Activation analysis improved ten-fold  by new detectors. Germanium-lithium detector, now being used to increase  sensitivity of neutron activation analysis, is shown with Lawrence Radiation  Laboratory chemists (l. to r.) James Harris, Jack Hollander and Stanley  Prussin. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904764:	Nuclear archaeology team with Betty  Holtzman of the UC anthropology Department, and Helen Michel, Isadore Perlman  and Frank Asaro of Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Nuclear Chemistry. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04905:	A table top holds all the detection  equipment used by Berkeley physicist Clyde Weigand in his recent "mapping" of  the nuclear surface. The experiment was performed at the Bevatron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04914:	X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, a  technique developed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory about three years ago,  will benefit from improved preamplifier. Electronics engineer Jack Walton  checks out data from a newly modified x-ray spectroscope in Building 70A.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04944:	Study of ancient pottery by neutron activation analysis with Michal Artzy and Frank Asaro
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/97200328:	Physicists Richard Marrus (l.) and Bob Schmieder collaborated on experiments with "helium-like" and "hydrogen-like" argon atoms. They are shown in the computer room of the Hilac.The experiment involved using a new technique known as beam-foil  spectroscopy to create a gallery of "counterfeit elements" -- elements that masquerade as other atoms, behave like them in many important ways. The experiments stripped electrons from atoms of argon, leaving only one instead of 18.  The atom then behaved in many ways as if it were hydrogen. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96602764:	First sample of Plutonium 239, in Dr. Seaborg's "Cigar Box", used to determine its fission properties in March, 1941. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96602765:	Twenty micrograms of pure plutonium hydroxide in capillary tube, September 1942. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96602774:	The triangle in the glass tube contains the world's first sample of americium, produced in the 60-inch cyclotron in 1944. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, James Kennedy, B. B. Cunningham, and others elaborated the rich and varied chemical properties of the actinide elements. They continued work begun during the war at Chicago where their identification of americium (element 95) and curium (96) among the products of plutonium bombarded in the Berkeley and St. Louis cyclotrons confirmed the actinide concept, the existence of a series of heavy homologues of the rare earth elements.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.)  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96602775:	Newspaper headlines announced the discovery of another new element, berkelium. Seaborg and his associates synthesized additional members of the series, berkelium (97), californium (98), and mendelevium (101), in the 60-inch cyclotron. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Newspaper headlines announced the discovery of another new element, berkelium. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96904447:	A new element has been produced at the  HILAC in Berkeley. It is element 102, originally announced last Fall by an  international team of scientists at the Nobel Institute in Sweden. Roberta  "Bobbie" Garrett (Laboratory technician) assists Dr. John Walton (one of the  codiscoverers) in installing a new catcher above the conveyor belt in the  target assembly. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96904452:	Experiments on californium fission.  Harry Bowman and Stan Thompson are pictured at the fission chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96904536:	Updating the periodic table, Albert  Ghiorso inscribes "Lw" (lawrencium) in space 103; codiscoverers (l. to r.) Robert Latimer,  Dr. Torbjorn Sikkeland, and Almon Larsh look on approvingly.  The new element was created at the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Hilac) by bombarding a target of californium  (with 98 protons) with boron nuclei (with 5 protons, thus creating a new element  with 103 protons. It is the first of the trans- uranium elements to be identified entirely by nuclear, rather than by chemical, means. JG 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96904537:	By George, we did it! say the happy  expressions displayed by (l. to r.) Element 103 (lawrencium) discoverers  Isadore Perlman, Albert Ghiorso, Roberta Garrett and Edwin McMillan at an  informal "discovery celebration"  held at the HIlac. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96A04895:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory  Berkeley's team that has reported the positive identification of two isotopes  of element 104 includes (l. to r.) Matti Nurmia, Jim Harris, Kari and Pirkko  Eskola, and Albert Ghiorso.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96A04896:	Californium target for the element 104  experiment was made by Jim Harris (r.) of the Heavy Isotopes Production Group.  Also taking part in the work were group leader Bob Latimer (l.) and laboratory  technician Jean Rees. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96A04897:	Discovery of element 104. Experimental  set-up schematic used in the discovery of isotopes 2576 and 259 is diagrammed  here. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/96A04916:	Discovery team for element 105 includes  (l. to r.) Jim Harris, Matti Nurmia, Pirrko Eskola, Al Ghiorso and Kari Eskola.  Last year the same group announced the discovery of element 104. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/97200335:	At the SuperHILAC accelerator, E. Kenneth Hulet, Glenn Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso look over the evidence for the production of element 106
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/97502400:	Bronze plaque commemorating the discovery of plutonium twenty-five years ago in 307 Gilman Hall was presented to UC Chancellor Roger Heyns (l.) by Under Secretary of the Interior John A. Carver, Jr. (second from right) at ceremonies held last month on campus. Also on hand for the occasion were three of the men who participated in the historic discovery: Authur Wahl, Glenn Seaborg, and Edwin McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/97502401:	Cigar box found in a shielded vault in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's Building 5 turned out to conceal a treasure-the first specimen of plutonium-239 ever isolated. Health Chemistry's Rosemary Barrett came upon the box during routine housecleaning operations in the vault.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/NUCLEAR-PHYSICS/TRANSURANIUM-ELEMENTS/tags/97502402:	Identifying legend taped on inside cover of box warned, "CAREFUL!! Please do not disturb in any way." Two of the signers of that note, Glenn Seaborg (l.) and Emilio Segre presented the box and its contents to Washington's Smithsonian Institution on March 28, 1966.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602963:	Anti-proton detector used successfully in 1955 by Segre's group. M indicates bending magnets, Q indicates  focusing quadrupole magnets, S indicates scintillation counters and C indicates Cerenkov counters to eliminate false counts 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602964:	Anti-proton detector, used by Lofgren's group, analyzed the beam from Segre's magnets. The small Cerenkov counters distinguished the anti-proton from a meson, the large one registered the annihilation of an anti-proton with a proton. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602965:	Antiproton detecting setup at the Bevatron, 1955. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602966:	Day-to-day results of the anti-proton experiment were displayed on a chalkboard in the Bevatron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602967:	First annihilation star "Faustina" of an anti- proton found in film exposed by the Segre group, 1955. Segre's group pressed forward with the scanning of emulsion stacks in collaboration with a group under Edoardo Amaldi in Rome. The Rome team found the first annihilation star, whose visible energy (the combined energy of all ionizing fragments) amounted to above 826 MeV, an amount deemed appropriate for an explosion initiated by an antiproton. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/ANTIPROTON/tags/96602968:	Press conference Nobel Prize announcement on a Lab blackboard.   A subsequent exposure to a beam of slower antiprotons, some of which ended their lives in the emulsion, created stars more generously, including one with a visible energy greater than the rest energy of the proton. The large group by then engaged in the experiment recommended their observations as a "conclusive proof that we are dealing with the antiparticle of the proton." The discovery brought Segre and Chamberlain the Nobel prize in physics for 1959. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904562:	Polarized Proton Target team of Owen Chamberlain, Gil Shapiro, Claude Schultz, and Carson Jeffries with polarized proton target apparatus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904565:	Reflected light pours from interior of propane bubble chamber as Powell-Birge Group members Gary Griffin (left) and Russ Parker (right) work on installation of Scotchlite "floor". 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904751:	University of Washington group experiment on Magnetic moment of sigma-plus hyperon with Rich Orr, George Masek and Terry Ewart
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904754:	Particle Data Group wallet card with Berthe Margoshes and Harry Margoshes
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904761:	Time-reversal symmetry experiment at 88-inch cyclotron with Eugene Commins and Hyatt Gibbs. An experiment at the 88-inch cyclotron, published in Physical Review Letters 18, 918, showed no evidence of time-reversal violation in the beta decay of neon-19.  The results do not rule out the possiblity that such effects will ultimately be found through more sensitive experiments, but sets a new and very low limit to the potential frequency of the time-reversal phenomenon. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904771:	Spark chambers for Egyptian pyramid  x-ray project are nearing completion and should be ready for installation in  Chephren's pyramid around Christmas. Egyptian scientists F. El Bedewi and Ahmed  Fakhry, who are co-directors of the project along with Lawrence Radiation  Laboratory's Luis Alvarez, inspected the apparatus during a recent visit to the  Hill. Shown are (l. to r.) Jerry Anderson, Dr. El Bedewi, Luis Alvarez, James  Burkhard, Lauren Yazalino and Dr. Fakhry. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96904774:	Co-directors of the Egyptian pyramid  project, Luis Alvarez and  Ahmed Fakhry chat with Jerry Anderson. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04848:	Professor Burt Moyer with Ed McMillan, eta zero zero experiment. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04849:	Schematic rendering of the actual Bevatron setup for the eta zero-zero experiment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04854:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. Here an infinite series of physicists -- all of them Lawrence  Radiation Laboratory's Charlie Rey -- are reflected in some of the 44 mirrors  used in this experiment.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04855:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. "Jungle gym" support framework surrounding the chambers was put  together in the shop, and the mirrors were added later on the floor of the  Bevatoron.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04856:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. Mad scramble in the counting house in an everyday occurrence  during even the best-regulated Bevatron run. That's physicist Charlie Rey  heading across the room.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04857:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. Electronics engineering support to eta zero zero experiment with  Mike Evans and Ivan Linscott.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04858:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. Scanning of film for eta zero zero experiment with Gail Booraem  and Sherwood Parker.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04859:	Given a high-energy accelerator,  various kinds of particle detectors, and as many magnets as you like, think of  an experiment for measuring eta zero-zero -- that is, for measuring the ratio  of neutral two-pion decays of the K-long meson to neutral two-pion decays of  the K-short. Bookshelves full of data from eta zero zero experiment with Grad  student Bill Oliver. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04898:	Chephren's pyramid at Giza contains no  hidden burial chambers, say the scientists. And yet the Sphinx, crouched at the  foot of the pyramid, still seems to have a secret or two on her mind. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04899:	Chephren's pyramid at Giza.  Backbreaking toil of building the pyramids was replayed in modern dress by  Lauren Yazolino (l.) and Fred Kreiss as they helped to haul spark-chamber  components into the chamber through narrow passageways. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04900:	Chephren's pyramid at Giza. Resourceful  solution to the equipment-moving problem was this little winch-drawn cart,  which was used for hauling heavy apparatus and an occasional passenger. In this  instance it's Luis Alvarez.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04901:	Chephren's pyramid at Giza. The Pyramid  Project Team included scientists from the U.S. and the United Arab Republic.  Part of the group poses outside Chephren's pyramid: Luis Alvarez, A. Fawzi,  George Aziz, Amr Goneid, Jerry Anderson, Jim Burkhard, Fred Kreiss, Buck  Buckingham and Lauren Yazalino. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/96A04909:	Magnetic monopole apparatus with two  members of the experimental team, Ron Ross and Luis Alvarez.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/97200325:	A new method of radioactive decay was confirmed in 88-inch cyclotron experiment by a Nuclear Chemistry group including Joseph Cerny (at right) and his associates (l. to r.) John Esterl, Rich Gough, and Richard Sextro
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/97200330:	Cosmic ray studies are being conducted in the new nitrogen beam by a team headed by LBL physicist Harry Heckman (left), shown with Ed McMillan.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/OTHER/tags/pg59_diagram2:	Schematic of the experiment of Steinberger et al. Coincidences registered as a function of the angles Alpha and Beta agreed with the hypothesis that the photons, which created the pairs that activated the counters, were the only decay products of a neutral relativistic pion, 1950. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/PSI-CHARM/tags/97200339:	The psi particles show up as sharp, narrow peaks in the data when energy is plotted against the hadron cross section.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/PSI-CHARM/tags/97200634:	This huge, 250-ton magnetic detector was used by LBL and SLAC physicists to identify the new psi particles. In the center of the detector, near Roy Schwitters, is the interaction region where electrons and positrons collide head-on. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/PSI-CHARM/tags/97200635:	After psi 3105 was discovered, LBL physicists William Chinowsky, Gerald Abrams, Scott Whitaker, Robert Hollebeek, John Kadyk, George Trilling and Gerson Goldhaber discuss the latest data produced at SPEAR.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96703040:	Perhaps the farthest reaching of the discoveries made with the Bevatron were the so-called "resonances" or energies at which fleeting combinations of particles occur. The first case found at Berkeley (Fermi had noticed one earlier) concerned the L hyperon and two pions.  They called this brief encounter (or the compound constituted by it) the Y*(1385), the number signifying its resonant energy. It aroused great interest when reported at the Rochester Conference on High Energy Physics in 1960, for it implied the possibility of creating a spectroscopy for the heavier elementary particles.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Evidence for the first Berkeley "resonance," a brief combination of a hyperon particle and two pions called Y*(1385) - the number 1385 signifying its resonant energy. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96703041:	In the ensuing rush, the Berkeley group, working with the 15-inch chamber, found the first kaon resonance, K*(890), and another hyperon one, Y*(1405), and still others; and some were detected elsewhere using film from the 72-inch chamber, for example, the X*(1530), discovered by Harold Ticho of UCLA.   (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Correlation evidence for the Y*(1405) hyperon resonance. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904446:	Cascade particles and antiprotons observed in propane bubble chamber. John Shonie (left) and David Hotz (physics  graduate students) measure an event with the digitized microscope.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904448:	Experimental work done by Bill  Graziano, Bud Good, Stan Wojicici, Philippe Eberhard, Luis Alvarez, and Harold  Ticho lead to the discovery of the new xi zero nuclear particle.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904449:	Experimental work done by Bill  Graziano, Bud Good, Stan Wojicici, Philippe Eberhard, Luis Alvarez, and Harold  Ticho lead to the discovery of the new xi zero nuclear particle.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904451:	Antilambda seen in bubble chamber.  Morris Pripstein, Joe Lannutti, John Poirier, Jan Button, and Phillippe  Eberhard discuss a piece of apparatus used in the experiment. They are standing  near some of the equipment used to send the beam into the hygrogen bubble  chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904538:	Omega meson discovery, Lynn Stevenson, Bogdan Maglic, Luis Alvarez, Arthur Rosenfeld
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904561:	Chalking up new evidence for the "eight-fold way" theory of strong interactions are (left to right) Sheldon Glashow, George Kalbfleisch, and Arther Rosenfeld.  Blackboard jottings show how the newly discovered particle, the Y*-1, fits into an unfilled octet of the "eightfold way". 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/96904753:	Bubble chamber tracks, evidence for the production of an omega meson
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/PARTICLE-PHYSICS/RESONANCES/tags/97200327:	Anti-Omega-Minus discovery team includes Gerson Goldhaber (seated) and (l. to r.) Bryce Sheldon, Alex Firestone, David Lissauer, scanner Jane Allardt, and (not shown) George Trilling.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MANHATTAN-PROJECT/tags/65-3994:	The Trinity test, first man-made nuclear explosion, Alamagordo, New Mexico, July 16, 1945.  Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://www.lanl.gov">Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1930-1990/MANHATTAN-PROJECT/tags/96602769:	Newspaper headlines on August 7, 1945, revealed to the Bay Area public for the first time that the laboratory had played a crucial role in the war effort.  
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/1993Highlights_pg15_topographic:	Topographic map of a gold surface at one-angstrom resolution, showing atoms as small protrusions. Map (below) of the same surface, showing the drag force of friction as the bidirectional AFM tip rocks over the gold atoms.  Lightened areas reveal high friction; darker areass show low frictional drag. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/1993Summer_pg16_image:	Distributed computing will link researchers and resources at different locations and allow visual data to be  carried over high-speed networks. Numerical models based on equations that can be solved by a supercomputer are important to many areas of scientific investigation, including atmospheric behavior such as a thunderstorm's evolution. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/1993Summer_pg19_waves:	This sequence of images, produced by visualizing time-varying data, shows several different steps in a computer animation that simulates elastic wave propogation through a homogenous medium.  The gigabyte dataset was produced on computers at LBNL and visualized on an ordinary graphics workstation using software that runs over a geographically distributed computing network.  This simulation, which reveals such phenomena as wave scattering and polarization, is important for a variety of research,  ranging from the inhomogenities in the Earth's crust and upper mantle, to the control of composite elastic materials.  The graphic was produced by Wes Bethel of LBNL's Information and Computing Sciences Division; the simulation was done by Valeri Korneev of the Earth Sciences Division. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/1993Summer_pg40_1stlight:	FIRST LIGHT - Like a rising sun, a phosphor painted target glowed bright orange when struck by a beam of x-rays from LBL's Advanced Light Source (ALS).  The first light from what is now the world's brightest synchrotron source of soft x-ray and ultraviolet radiation, shined on October 4, 1993, at 11:34 p.m.  The light was produced in a bending magnet beamline that has been developed to serve as an x-ray microprobe.  With the brightness of the ALS' beams, this microprobe will have a spatial resolution of one micron and be able to detect and measure concentrations of elements as small as a millionth of a billionth of a gram. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg04_digart:	A computer image, generated on the x-ray fluorescence microprobe beamline, shows that chromium is drawn to highly localized chemical "hot spots" in the soil.  The color scale ranges from blue, which is no chromium, to red-orange, which is a concentation of one picogram per square micrometer.   the sample was taken from a polluted SanFrancisco  Bay wetld. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703167:	This chart, entitled the Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions, depicts the subatomic world of quarks, leptons and bosons and its underlying order. Its designers hope it will prove as valuable a tool in physics education as the periodic table of the elements, available for more than 100 years, has been for students and teachers of chemistry. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703170:	In this two-dimensional spectrum of hexane in a liquid crystal matrix, the peaks indicate spatial correlation between the atoms on the molecule. From the analysis of such spectra, the structure and dynamics of the molecule may be studied. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703171:	In double-rotation NMR, the sample is contained in an inner cylinder that rotates around an axis inclined at 30.56 degrees to the axis of the outer cylinder. The outer cylinder rotates around an axis inclined at 54.74 degrees to the magnetic field. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703172:	Materials Sciences Division researcher Gerard Chingas is generating NMR images of complex structures in materials using statistical approaches to process the data derived from NMR signals.A slice image shows half-millimeter nylon fibers in a tube 6 millimeters in diameter (filled with water to give an NMR signal). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703173:	Materials Sciences Division researcher Gerard Chingas is generating NMR images of complex structures in materials using statistical approaches to process the data derived from NMR signals.By squaring data used to produce a slice image, NMR diffraction patterns that reflect the average fiber arrangement are obtained. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703174:	Materials Sciences Division researcher Gerard Chingas is generating NMR images of complex structures in materials using statistical approaches to process the data derived from NMR signals.Fourier transformation of each diffraction pattern results in an image which indicates fiber size and spacing directly. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703175:	Materials Sciences Division researcher Gerard Chingas is generating NMR images of complex structures in materials using statistical approaches to process the data derived from NMR signals.By preprocessing enhancements, he produces a three-dimensional image for 0.11 mm fibers, in which the center peak denotes the average fiber size, and the distance from the peak to the rings indicates the spacing between fibers. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703215:	A conceptual drawing shows the components of an inertial-confinement-fusion power plant with a heavy-ion induction linear accelerator as a driver. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703219:	A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image reveals the topography of a graphitic layer of carbon on platinum, produced by heating the platinum crystal in ultrahigh vacuum to more than 1300 kelvin. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703292:	To make blue-light emitting semiconductors, scientists must be able to precisely control their atomic structure. This hollow-anode nitrogen plasma source is used to reduce atomic defects and create maximum luminescence. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703293:	To make blue-light emitting semiconductors, scientists must be able to precisely control their atomic structure. This hollow-anode nitrogen plasma source is used to reduce atomic defects and create maximum luminescence. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703308:	Computer generated plot shows magnetic field intensities in a cross section of a two-in-one superconducting dipole magnet, a design proposed by LBL for the Superconducting Super Collider. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703310:	An artist's conception of the creation of a quark- gluon plasma. A search for the plasma is the focus of the CERN heavy-ion program. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703375:	The "Bestiary of Complex Nuclear Fragments" produced in a collision of carbon and lanthanum nuclei. The arrangement of particles in a distinct ring pattern along the beam path indicates that their source is the decay of a very hot compound nucleus moving at constant velocity. Plots show the velocity distribution of the particles; colors indicate their relative intensity (red is highest, blue lowest). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703424:	The "Bestiary of Complex Nuclear Fragments" produced in a collision of carbon and lanthanum nuclei. The arrangement of particles in a distinct ring pattern along the beam path indicates that their source is the decay of a very hot compound nucleus moving at constant velocity. Plots show the velocity distribution of the particles; colors indicate their relative intensity (red is highest, blue lowest). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703425:	In the Atomic Resolution Microscope, a beam of electrons from an accelerator (1) on the top floor passes through condenser lenses (2) that use magnetic fields to focus the electrons to illuminate the specimen (3). Objective lenses (4) magnify and refocus to make the first image, which is viewed (5) and projected into a still camera (6) or video camera(7). Direct interaction between the microscope and the center's computer facilitates operation and interpretation of the images. In the basement, a massive concrete structure supports the microscope, and the rubber tires filled with compressed air hold it steady. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703465:	At extremely high pressure, hydrogen gas is transformed into a monatomic metal, a distorted structure of three repeating planes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/tags/96703492:	This small-angle scattering system uses a special tungsten-carbon mirror to gather and focus soft x- rays without loss of flux. This brings micron- and submicron-sized objects within imaging range. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96703217:	Beneath the historic dome that now tops the Advanced Light Source (ALS), girder assemblies for the booster synchrotron are lifted by crane and lowered into the concrete shielding tunnel. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804039:	Advanced Light Source survey and alignment crew at work on top of the storage ring. They are using an Advanced Light Source- devised tool called a monopod that substantially decreases the time required for survey of Advanced Light Source monuments, while increasing survey accuracy. The monopod's main component is a cylinder of carbon fiber, chosen for of its low coefficient of thermal expansion. At the monopod's bottom end is a beveled cup designed to rest on a precision target placed in a monument; the top end has an adapter used to mount any of several surveying instruments or targets. The monopod shown extends through the storage ring shielding to a monument set in the floor under the storage ring; shorter ones are used for measurements made from the experiment floor. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804040:	Advanced Light Source linear accelerator. Advanced Light Source electrons are generated by a high- intensity electron gun that can produce single or multiple bunches of electrons (each electron has an energy of 120,000 electron volts) in pulses of 2.5 nanoseconds (billionths of a second). These electrons then pass through the 120 accelerating chambers of the 5-meter-long linac (linear accelerator), where positive charges on the far wall of each chamber attract the electrons and accelerate them. Electrons emerging from the linac have reached an energy of 50 million electron volts and are traveling fast enough to go around the world 7-1/2 times in one second. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804041:	Advanced Light Source 5-cm-period undulator installed in sector 7 of the storage ring. The brightest synchrotron light at the Advanced Light Source comes from undulators (located in the straight sections of the storage ring) that contain over one hundred magnetic poles lined up in rows above and below the electron beam. The magnets force the electrons into a snake-like path, so that the light from all the curves adds together. Although they are about 4.5 meters long and weigh about 40,000 pounds, the undulators have to be built to extreme precision. Many of the design tolerances are approximately 50 microns, less than the width of a human hair. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804042:	Part of the Advanced Light Source storage ring. The Advanced Light Source storage ring is roughly circular with 12 arc-shaped sections (about 10 meters long) joined by 12 straight sections (about 6 meters long). The electrons coast for hours at constant energy inside an aluminum vacuum chamber where the pressure is about one trillionth that of the atmosphere. Hundreds of precision electromagnets (blue, yellow, and orange in the photograph) focus and bend the electron beam as it circles the storage ring more than a million times a second. The synchrotron light emitted by the electrons is directed to beamlines through the round beam ports. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804043:	Part of the Advanced Light Source booster synchrotron. The circular booster synchrotron gives a ÒboostÓ from an accelerating chamber (rf cavity) to the electrons each time they go around. In less than one second, the electrons have made 1,300,000 revolutions, are traveling at 99.999994% of the speed of light, have an energy of 1.5 billion electron volts, and are ready to be transported to the storage ring. The linac to booster to storage-ring sequence is repeated several hundred times to fill the storage ring to its operating current (normally 250-400 milliamps). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804044:	Advanced Light Source storage ring showing beam ports. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804045:	Partial photo of Beamline 7.0.1 at the Advanced Light Source. The spherical grating monochromator is in the foreground. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804046:	Advanced Light Source storage ring radio frequency cavity. As it emits synchrotron radiation, the electron beam loses energy, which must be replaced if the beam is to continue circulating in the storage ring. The energy is put back into the beam via two radio-frequency (rf) cavities (the copper structure at the right center in the photograph). In this way, the beam can continue to circulate for many hours while it gradually decays in intensity because of collisions between neighboring electrons in the beam, and between electrons in the beam and residual gas molecules in the storage-ring vacuum chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804059:	Advanced Light Source control room. The control room operators oversee every aspect of Advanced Light Source machine operation including the process of injecting, accelerating, and storing the electrons in the ring. More than 600 intelligent local controllers distributed around the accelerator complex and beamlines collect data for, and execute instructions from, operators and computers in the control room. Graphic representations of the electron beamÕs position at different locations throughout the ring let the operators instantly see any changes in the beam. The filling of the storage ring with electrons normally takes less than 5 minutes, and the beam lifetime may be several hours. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804060:	Advanced Light Source control room. The control room operators oversee every aspect of Advanced Light Source machine operation including the process of injecting, accelerating, and storing the electrons in the ring. More than 600 intelligent local controllers distributed around the accelerator complex and beamlines collect data for, and execute instructions from, operators and computers in the control room. Graphic representations of the electron beam's position at different locations throughout the ring let the operators instantly see any changes in the beam. The filling of the storage ring with electrons normally takes less than 5 minutes, and the beam lifetime may be several hours. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804061:	Installation of undulators at the Advanced Light Source. "Moving Day" took on special meaning on September 19, 1995 as the U8 undulator in sector 9 was moved to its new location in sector 12 and the U10 undulator was installed in its place. Shown is the U10 passing above the U8 on the way to its new berth. (The booster to storage ring transfer line is visible in the lower right.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804062:	Advanced Light Source building with UC Berkeley campus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804063:	Increase in brightness of x-rays since advent of synchrotron sources. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96804064:	Aerial view of Advanced Light Source with San Francisco Bay. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904216:	These 35 half-period pole assemblies, fastened to a pole mount, constitute an assembly section for a 5-cm-period undulator at the Advanced Light Source. To complete the undulator's magnetic structure, five of these assembly sections, along with two special end sections, are affixed to each of two steel backing beams. The 4.5-m-long backing beams provide magnetic shielding and stability. The end sections incorporate a system of Nd-Fe-B rotors, which are designed to cancel any net field integral in the magnetic structure, thereby preventing the electron beam from being displaced or deflected when it enters and emerges from the undulator. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904217:	Half-period pole assembly of the type used in the original insertion devices at the Advanced Light Source. Permanaent-magnet blocks made of Nd-Fe-B are grouped in arrays of six, and each array is bonded to an aluminum keeper and a vanadium permendur pole. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904219:	Allowable magnetic field errors for  Advanced Light Source (ALS) undulators are extremely small and are driven by electron beam and radiation requirements. To measure the magnetic field of an insertion device, the ALS designed and built a high-speed, precision magnetic measurement system. It uses Hall-probe mapping equipment to obtain local and integrated field information. Nicknamed the Luge, it consists of a custom-built stage that translates through the gap of the undulator. The system is capable of taking 2500 measurements during one pass through the insertion device in under one minute. A laser interferometer system gives precise tracking of the probe to an accuracy of ±1 µm. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904220:	The Advanced Light Source Survey and Alignment Crew makes measurements during ALS construction in 1992. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904221:	Photon beam position monitor (PBPM) from Advanced Light Source Beamline 7.0. The beamline has two such monitors, one inside the storage ring shielding and one outside the shield wall. PBPMs provide information on the position and angle of the electron beam at the center of the undulator. In the center of the PBPM are two copper blades that project into the path of the undulator photon beam. The photoemission of electrons from the surfaces of the blades provides signal currents to an electron-beam stabilization system. The difference in the signal current readings from the two surfaces can be used to detect movement of the beam pathas small as one micron. Information from the PBPMs is used by the feedback system to adjust the steering magnets in the storage ring, stabilizing the electron beam. The symmetry of the detector design about the line of the beam ensures that the position signal is insensitive to heating of the internal detector components by the photon beam. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904222:	Entrance slit flexure assembly, designed at the Advanced Light Source to provide precise, symmetric control of slit width under high thermal loads in an ultra-high-vacuum environment. Slit width can vary from a few microns to 100 µm, so users can choose to maximize either spectral resolution of flux. Slit blade movement is actuated by a differential-pitch micrometer, allowing submicron control of slit width. The assembly is made of GlidCopª, a copper alloy that provides seven times the strength of copper while retaining its high thermal conductivity. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE/tags/96904223:	The 5-cm-period undulators in use at the Advanced Light Source each contain two 4.55-meter-long arrays of permenent magnets with alternating polarity. The arrays are supported by a superstructure capable of resisting the force of their attraction-up to 42 tons (the weight of a 38,000 kg mass). As an electron beam passes throught a vacuum chamber between the arrays, the magnets cause the beam to curve back and forth and thus to produce synchrotron radiation. Undulators produce light brighter than that from other forms of synchrotron radiation sources and with the added characteristics of partial coherence and linear polarization. In this photograph, a strobe light emulates the electron beam. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803698:	Progress shot of the ALS, February 6, 1991. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803699:	Artist's rendition of ALS showing multiple straight sections. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803700:	Neutral beams and current drive. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803701:	The Mevva V ion source was designed specifically for ion implantation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803702:	Aerial view of Building 6 area during construction of ALS. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803703:	Aerial view of Building 6 area during construction of ALS. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803704:	Aerial view of Building 6 area after construction of ALS. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803705:	Girders for the arcs of the storage ring are currently being supplied by the mechanical shops and installed in the ALS building. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803706:	Installation of storage ring segments for ALS. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803707:	A high-resolution Fresnel zone-plate lens is shown during processing. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803708:	The hard-x-ray microprobe. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803709:	Artist's rendition of how the hard-x-ray microprobe works. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803710:	Parts of the collar pack for a quadrupole, used for the assembly of a magnet. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803711:	Parts of the collar pack for a quadrupole, used for the assembly of a magnet. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803712:	Parts of the collar pack for a quadrupole, used for the assembly of a magnet. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803713:	Tapered key collaring. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803714:	Quadrupole coring fixture. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803719:	Stages in the assembly of a magnet - quadrupole tooling. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803720:	Stages in the assembly of a magnet include winding layers of superconducting cable on a mandrel. Shown is the five-meter winding machine with Alex Brendel. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803721:	Five-meter quadrupole skinning press. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803722:	Close-up of superconducting wire woven into "Rutherford-style" cable. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803723:	A schematic phase diagram for nuclear matter showing some states and transformations predicted by various theories. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803724:	Diagram of radiosurgical instrument arrangement. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803725:	Simone Anders shown with 50-cm-diameter electrodes and previous generations of metal vapor ion source technology, including a subminiature embodiment. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803726:	Schematic of Raster Scanner Beam Delivery System commissioned for clinical use in 1991. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803754:	Wayne McKinney, of Lawrence Berkeley Lab, at Rocketdyne with mirror. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803755:	The Cyclotrino, a compact cyclotron, uses permanent magnets rather than electromagnets. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803756:	The Thermonuclear Fusion Test Reactor with neutral beam injector at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803757:	ALS dedication with (left to right) Jay Marx, Don Perlman, Martha Krebs, David Shirley, Gail Wilson (Governer's wife), Brian Kincaid, Charles Shank (director of LBL), and Hermann Grunder. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803758:	Radiation from an insertion device. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803759:	Bending magnet. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803760:	Normal beam's course, beam's course after insertion of magnetic device known as a "wiggler" and beam's course after insertion of device known as an "undulator". 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803761:	Different wavelengths of electron beams. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803762:	Cabling machine with John Royet, Hugh Higley and Rolin Armer. This machine is capable of fabricating superconducting cable of up to 60 strands with different profiles. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803763:	Raster Scanner Beam Delivery System. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/AFRD/tags/96803764:	Patient positioner for the U.C. Davis eye treatment center, demonstrated by its designer and builder, LBL mechanical technician Mario Cepeda. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/1989Winter_pg22_supernova:	The discovery of Supernova 1988L:  Scan of a galaxy in 1987 (top photo) shows no supernova.  A year later, a supernova appears just above the galaxy core (center photo).  The supernova remains (see arrows) after reference image is subtracted (bottom photo) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703214:	A map of the cosmos reveals minute temperature variations in the cosmic microwave background radiation: red regions are warmer and blue areas cooler than the average. The map shows the plane of the Milky Way galaxy horizontally. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703288:	This digital CCD image was taken on July 11, 1991 at Hapuna Beach Hawaii, by Hands-On University high school teachers Curtis S. Craig of American Fork High School, American Fork, Utah, and Bruce Downing of Albany High School, Albany, California, during a DOE supported Hands-On Universe eclipse expedition and teacher-training workshop. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703309:	Designed for both visible and infrared sightings, Keck Observatory's Ten Meter Telescope (TMT) is actually two telescopes in one. The different structural requirements of these dual capabilities are met with an open-frame support system that provides maximum stiffness with a minimum amount of material. If trained on the moon, the TMT could detect a match being struck. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703336:	Berkeley photographer Bill Schwob used multi- exposure special effects camera work to depict the birth of the universe as described by inflation theory, the most theoretically consistent explanation of the origin of the universe to emerge from modern physics. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703370:	Supernova 1987A (in the lower left corner) in the Large Megallanic Cloud, is where scientists found the evidence for a pulsar on January 18. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703371:	Atop White Mountain, astrophysicist George Smoot and his team prepare microwave radiometers for ground-based studies of cosmic background at the long-wavelength, low-frequency end of the spectrum. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703372:	Partial map of the sky brightness at the 3.3 millimeter wavelength shows 'apparent' order anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The sky is brightest (white and red areas) in the direction toward which the Earth is moving and dark (blue) in the opposite direction. Small variations are attributed to instrument noise. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703461:	Richard Muller, founder of the supernova search, poses at the Leuschner Observatory where he runs the 30-inch telescope to seek nemesis. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703462:	Graduate student Li-Ping Wang works on assembly of the search group's new compact 30-inch telescope. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703463:	The brilliant death of an aged star: (left) arrow points to the blue supergiant star that exploded to produce supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. (Right) The same region of the Large Magellanic Cloud after the supernova explosion. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703464:	An artist's conception of possible geometries of the universe: an open (saddle-shaped) universe that would expand forever; a flat one that would expand forever at a gradually decreasing rate; and a closed (spherical) one that would eventually contract and collapse. Unlike two-dimensional drawings, the universe has no edges. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ASTROPHYSICS/tags/96703491:	Astrophysicist Bernard Sadoulet, testing detector electronics here, heads the effort to develop innovative new detectors that will search for dark matter particles. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/COMPUTER-SCIENCE/tags/96703224:	Demonstrating the capabilities of video conferencing are Bill Johnston (left) and Van Jacobson. The frog image (upper right) was developed as part of an educational project in biological imaging. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/COMPUTER-SCIENCE/tags/96703231:	Shown here is a depiction of a crack in a new ceramic material. The image was created by LBL- designed software called ChemMap. LBL researchers are assessing ChemMap's use as a nondestructive characterization tool for the evaluation of thin- film disk media. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/1993Highlights_pg17_chart:	This Minnesota County map shows average "equivalent uranium" concentrations in parts per million, which are proportional to the radium concentrations in the soil.  LBL researchers have found that these concentrations correlate closely with indoor radon concentrations.  This map was derived from aerial monitoring conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1970s for the National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/1993Highlights_pg17_chart2:	This U.S. map shows average "equivalent uranium" concentrations in parts per million, which are proportional to the radium concentrations in the soil.  LBL researchers have found that these concentrations correlate closely with indoor radon concentrations. The map was derived from aerial monitoring conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1970's National Uranium Resource Evaluation program. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg11_drill:	LBL earth scientists test a drill that blasts super-cold nitrogen gas as it bores, creating frozen holes that won't collapse even in loose or sandy soil. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703063:	An abandoned iron mine in Stripa, Sweden, is the site of nuclear- waste disposal studies under the direction of LBL geologists and the Swedish government. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703065:	The Laboratory's response to the reorganization of AEC (with a mandate to support programs in non- nuclear energy development and environmental conservation) was to have  McMillan form an Environmental Research Office to promote the field; the 70 or so research projects the Lab had on hand or in preparation in 1970 included ones on water desalination, atmospheric aerosols, disease induced by pollution, and the effects of the supersonic transport on the earth's ozone budget. Many others have been added since the Office rose to a Division--in fact to the largest division in the Laboratory--under Sessler.  In 1977 he split it into two, one for Energy and Environment and one for Earth Sciences, which includes research in geothermal energy and on disposal of nuclear wastes.  (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Craig Hollowell and Greg Traynor climb on this mobil atmospheric research lab, which is part of LBL's air- pollution research program. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703066:	Temperature and radioactivity of a hot geothermal pool in Ruby Valley, Nevada, are measured by LBL scientists in a comprehensive study of geothermal energy sources. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703139:	Energy source: Moderate-temperature geothermal areas like East Mesa are much more plentiful in the U.S. than the superhot, steam-producing regions now being tapped. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703374:	The greenhouse effect is created when gases in the atmosphere admit the sun's rays but trap heat radiated back by Earth. Heat is retained in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases abosorb the infared rays from Earth. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703472:	Donald DePaolo, director of LBL's Isotope Geochemistry Center, works at a mass spectrometer in one of the Center's new ultraclean laboratories designed for the study of radiogenic isotopes. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/EARTH-SCIENCES/tags/96703475:	LBL's Rick Russo and visiting scientist Dorys Rojas examine the system they are developing to detect, monitor and quantify radioactive contaminants in groundwater. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/1992Spring_pg29_diagram:	Electrochromic device developed at LBL has five layers, sandwiched between glass or plastic, but is less than a micron thick. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96703360:	Author Sam Berman, who heads LBL's Lighting Group, adjusts a device used to maintain constant temperature control on a fluorescent lamp undergoing tests. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96703473:	Frank McLarnon, deputy leader of the electrochemical group (left) and Elton Cairns, head of LBL's Energy Conversion and Storage Program, look over an experimental array of zinc/nickel-oxide cells. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT/tags/96904225:	UV Waterworks with Ashok Gadgil 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1993Highlights_pg10_image:	The shape of the CDK2 protein provides the key information in the design of an inhibitor drug.  A successful drug must have a complementary shape. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg12_digart1:	Pores embedded in nuclear membrane or an underlying lamin protein shell appear as a ring surrounding protein 4.1. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg12_digart2:	Protein 4.1 is revealed in the interior of a nucleus stained with another nucleus matrix protein. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg12_digart3:	Large storage sites for RNA splicing proteins in the nucleus dwarf neighboring Protein 4.1. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg12_digart4:	Protein 4.1 is visible near DNA replication centers scattered throughout the nucleus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/1994-95Highlights_pg25_digart:	A PET scan image shows chemical uptake in the brain of a monkey to test the effectiveness of a treatment for Parkinson's disease.  The work is part of an LBL collaboration with Somatix Therapy Corporation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703216:	On the basis of NMR studies, Wemmer and his coworkers were able to verify predictions about the way a small molecule, a relative of distamycin, binds to DNA. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703226:	Loss of E-cadherin expression, associated with an increased ability for a breast tumor to metastasize, is illustrated by fewer copies of the E-cadherin gene (green spots) than the reference section of the chromosome (orange spots). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703227:	This soil sample with an imbedded decomposing plant root was initially uniformly contaminated with soluble selenium. The sample was later imaged with the x-ray fluorescence micro-probe to monitor selenium redistribution. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703228:	In this computer-generated model, ribbon diagrams are used to show the architecture of the CDK2 protein. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703286:	Tendon tissue from 16-day-old fertilized eggs. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703287:	Tendon tissue from a 4-month-old chick. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703291:	Computer color enhanced autoradiograph of blood flow in the brain. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703352:	The intricately beautiful DNA molecule comes into the spotlight as LBL scientists accelerate efforts to map and sequence the human genome in search of a key to the genetic code. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703353:	Mapping and sequencing the human genome. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703354:	The genetic process. The cell. Mitosis: division of a cell. Meiosis: division of a sex cell. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703355:	Transcription; DNA unzips, forms messenger RNA. Translation: tRNA delivers amino acids; ribosome matches tRNA to mRNA. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703359:	Monoclonal antibodies provide a diverse class of receptors that will bind molecules ranging from nucleic acids to synthetic small molecules. Now an LBL team has developed a method to make these receptors catalyze chemical reactions. At the top near the center of this computer-generated model of a catalytic antibody is the combining site, where the action begins. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703363:	Physicians Thomas Budinger (left) and Peter Valk compare the high-resolution brain images produced at the new Donner 600-Crystal Positron Emission Tomograph. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703364:	Physicians Thomas Budinger (left) and Peter Valk compare the high-resolution brain images produced at the new Donner 600-Crystal Positron Emission Tomograph. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703365:	Tony Vuletich arranges a detector group, containing 16 single-crystal modules, to assemble the 600-crystal tomograph ring. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703368:	Sung-Hou Kim sets a sweet protein crystal in place for the x-ray diffraction process that will lead to determination of the crystal structure. Comparison of crystal structures may aid the identification of regions responsible for sweet taste. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703369:	The resolution on this first-ever image of an unaltered DNA double helix was good enough to enable scientists to measure distances between the structure's coils. The image shows an isolated length of DNA making a loop and crossing over on itself. To the left is a fragment of DNA. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703373:	Charles Pascale adjusts a head holder, part of a patient-positioning device that helps ensure that the charged-particle beam hits the tumor precisely. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703435:	A computer graphic, in stereo, of the enzyme lysozyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703436:	A linear chain of 21 of the amino acids in the enzyme lysozyme folds in on itself with the other amino acids (in white) to create the intricate three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703437:	A linear chain of 21 of the amino acids in the enzyme lysozyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703438:	A molecule of substrate approaches the active site of the enzyme lysozyme. Spheres represent the atoms that make up the enzyme and the substrate. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703450:	A molecule of substrate binds at the active site of the enzyme lysozyme. Spheres represent the atoms that make up the enzyme and the substrate. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703452:	The polymer glycogen, a chain of glucose molecules, is made from glucose phosphate by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. In the process, the enzyme connects the glucose to the glycogen chain as the phosphate is released. But the accumulated pool of phosphate would cause the process to stop and even to reverse. However, when sucrose (a molecule of fructose linked to glucose) and the enzyme sucrose phosphorylase are added, the enzyme connects a phosphate from the pool to the glucose and the fructose is released. The newly created glucose phosphate joins the pool and the process begins again. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703453:	In the synthesis of an enzyme, a recipe for the sequence of amino acids is carried from DNA by messenger RNA (mRNA) in condons - arrangements of three nitrogenous bases for each amino acid. A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule with a matching anticodon binds the appropriate codon on the mRNA, delivering the correct amino acid, which is attached to the growing protein chain. In site- directed mutagenesis (lower left), a chosen codon is replaced by another so that a different tRNA will bond and a different amino acid will be attached to the chain. A similar technique is used to replace natural amino acids with synthetic, non-natural amino acids (lower right). Here the chosen codon is changed to one that usually signals the end of the protein and has no tRNA to match. It is read by a specially designed and synthesized tRNA carrying the synthetic amino acid. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703454:	Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations such as this one with serine/valine/serine (SVS), were created by site- directed mutagenesis from a surviving enzyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703455:	Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations such as this one with serine/isoleucine/serine (SIS), were created by site-directed mutagenesis from a surviving enzyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703456:	Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations such as this one with threonine/valine/threonine (TVT), were created by site-directed mutagenesis from a surviving enzyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703457:	Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations such as this one with threonine/isoleucine/threonine (TIT), were created by site-directed mutagenesis from a surviving enzyme. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703459:	Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations were created by site-directed mutagenesis from this surviving enzyme that has threonine/isoleucine/serine (TIS), in that order. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703460:	The total volume of the side chains of three amino acids near the active site of lysozyme proved to be a critical factor in determining the thermal stability of the enzyme. Enzymes containing the various amino acid combinations were created by site-directed mutagenesis from a surviving enzyme (top) that has threonine/isoleucine/serine (TIS) in that order. Chart compares the size of the side-chains (volume is measured in cubic angstroms) to the temperature at which the enzyme loses structure. A small change in volume can result in a large change in stability. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703476:	A computer image depicts a hydroxyl radical attacking the sugar on the back bone of a DNA molecule. Damage will occur after a series of chemical reactions takes place. Clusters of dots indicate reaction areas around the sugar. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703477:	Computer model, designed to assess DNA damage from ionizing radiation, shows a hydroxyl radical as it approaches a DNA molecule. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703478:	Drawing shows how radiation (top arrow) splits a water molecule to produce a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl radical. The radical (OH) draws a hydrogen molecule from the sugar (red pentagon) in the back bone. Break occurs after a chain of chemical reactions takes place. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703479:	A hydroxyl radical attacks the sugar on the backbone of a DNA molecule to induce damage within a millionth of a second. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703489:	Computer model shows how DNA of all plants and animals forms loops, or nucleosomes, around clusters of proteins. Nucleosomes tend to protect DNA from damage by hydroxyl radicals. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/tags/96703490:	Computer model shows how DNA of all plants and animals forms loops, or nucleosomes, around clusters of proteins. Nucleosomes tend to protect DNA from damage by hydroxyl radicals. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703203:	A petri dish like this one containing yeast or bacteria cells is placed on one table. The location of colonies within the dish are identified by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703204:	Bill Searles of the instrumentation group, is seen behind the Human Genome colony picking machine. When the colony picker is fully operational the group expects it to be able to pick and array as many as a million colonies of yeast or bacteria  a year. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703205:	Human Genome Center colony picking machine guides the robot's needle into the petri dish containing yeast or bacteria cells. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703206:	Human Genome Center colony picking machine guides the robot's needle into the petri dish to pick a yeast or bacteria cell colony. Then the carousel is rotated so the needle can deposit the colony in the correct well of a microtiter plate. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703207:	To map the location of different segments of DNA along a chromosome, yeast artificial chromosomes containing fragments of human DNA are tagged with flourescent markers. These fragments join with the chromosome's DNA where the nucleotides are complementary. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703208:	For sequencing, DNA fragments are placed on a bed of gel and an electric current is applied. The DNA, which is negatively charged, moves toward the positive electrode. The fragments become arranged by length, with smaller DNA fragments migrating faster. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/96703209:	Human Genome project, gel analysis program. In this low-resolution schematic map, the bands indicate patterns that can be seen under a light microscope with appropriate staining. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9404-02009:	Beckman Biomek robot custom modified for agarose gel loading 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9404-02260:	Human Genome bacterial colony picking machine with Martin Pollard 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9404-02264:	Twelve Channel DNA Oligosythesizer machine 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9411-06703:	Agarose gel microtiter imaging station & computer printer for Human Genome 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9411-06727:	Twelve Channel DNA Oligosythesizer machine with Linda Sindular 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9502-00608:	Thermal Cycling machine for performing PCR in thin walled microtiter plates 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9604-01765:	DNA Preparation machine in Bldg. 64-108 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT/tags/XBD_9604-01767:	DNA Preparation machine in Bldg. 64-108 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703319:	Alveoli become visible when the boxed area is viewed with a scanning electron microscope. This overview provides a "road map" of the airways, helping researchers keep track of their position in the lungs during explorations at much higher magnifications. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703320:	The Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LTSEM) is used to zoom in on a clump of bacteria- fighting macrophage cells attached to the wall of an alveolar airspace. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703325:	The Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LTSEM) is used to zoom in on a clump of bacteria- fighting macrophage cells attached to the wall of an alveolar airspace. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703326:	The Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LTSEM) is used to zoom in on a clump of bacteria- fighting macrophage cells attached to the wall of an alveolar airspace. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703327:	Resembling a tidal pool, a conventional microscope reveals the surface of an airway to be composed of individual cells covered with about 200 cilia adjoining cells covered with short microvlli. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703328:	Resembling a tidal pool, a conventional microscope reveals the surface of an airway to be composed of individual cells covered with about 200 cilia adjoining cells covered with short microvilli. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703329:	Resembling a tidal pool, a conventional microscope reveals the surface of an airway to be composed of individual cells covered with about 200 cilia adjoining cells covered with short microvilli. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/LUNG-RESEARCH/tags/96703330:	Frozen-hydrated samples of mouse lung (frame b and d), photographed at -190 degrees C in the LTSEM, provide views of alveolar structures much closer to the water-rich living state than conventional dried samples (frame a and c) and give physicians new, accurate anatomical knowledge. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703176:	Scanning electron micrograph shows normal shape of red blood cells from a transgenic mouse before deoxygenation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703177:	Scanning electron micrograph of red blood cells from a transgenic mouse. After deoxygenation, the normal shape becomes distorted in the typical pattern of human sickle-cell anemia. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703178:	A fertilized mouse egg is held in position by a pipet under suction. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703179:	A needle containing human DNA in solution is injected into a fertilized mouse egg held in position by a pipet under suction. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703180:	Steps in the production of a transgenic mouse. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/LIFE-SCIENCES/TRANSGENIC-MOUSE/tags/96703181:	After several months on high-fat diets, non- transgenic mice developed numerous fatty deposits in their arteries (left) while transgenic mice with high levels of human high-density lipoprotein and ApoA-1 had almost none. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703062:	Lasers have a variety of uses in the Laboratory today. Here, a postdoc in the Materials and Molecular Research Division uses a nitrogen-pumped dye-tuned laser to separate a compound into its constituents. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703064:	A 1.5 MeV electron microscope, standing three stories tall and costing $1.7 million, carries forward the Laboratory's tradition of big machines.  LBL's national center for electron microscopy features the new 1.5 MeV high- voltage electron microscope, the most powerful in the U. S. today. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703144:	Most promising of the superconduction alloys being considered for magnet coil windings is the niobium-tin compound. This scanning-electron microscope view shows the superconduction phase of niobium-tin (protruding structures) embedded in a bronze alloy. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703145:	Most promising of the superconduction alloys being considered for magnet coil windings is the niobium-tin compound. Close-up view shows brignt line in center which is unreacted niobium. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703166:	A model of a binary semiconductor nanocrystal containing 2000 atoms. Nanocrystals, crystalline particles a few tens of angstroms in diameter, are one type of cluster whose structure and properties are being investigated by LBL scientists. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703290:	The Atomic Resolution Microscope (ARM) provides a resolution of 1.6 angstroms, giving scientists an atom-sized view of materials. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703340:	Demonstrating superconductivity at liquid-nitrogen temperature, three tiny household magnets, joined by wooden toothpicks, levitate over a dish filled with yttrium-barium-copper oxide pellets cooled by liquid nitrogen. This illustration of the Meissner effect, the expulsion of magnetic flux from superconductors, has become the basic test for true superconductivity. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703350:	High temperature superconducting material. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703351:	A three-dimensional view of a polystyrene domain in polystyrene/polybutadiene triblock copolymere. The computer graphic, reconstructed from transmission electron micrographs, shows the packing sequence and individual deviations in the microstructure of an ultrathin copolymer film. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703426:	Images change profoundly with the thickness of material. Experimental views of mullite, with simulated images inset, at thicknesses of 20, 80 and 160 angstroms show these variations. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703427:	When aluminum is vaporized and allowed to crystallize on silicon, individual aluminum crystals form in every conceivable orientation to one another. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703428:	Diffraction patterns from the High-Voltage Electron Microscope show the structure of ionized aluminum on silicon substrate (left) and with silicon removed (right). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703429:	The 90-degree orientation of crystals formed in ionized cluster-beam deposition can be seen in this micrograph by comparing the two rectangles. Arrows highlight the grain boundary structure - a ring of atoms with two atoms in the middle. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703430:	Precipitate-free zones (dark regions) consisting of relatively pure aluminum, appear in aluminum/lithium alloys at crystal grain boundaries, resulting in very soft regions in the material. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703431:	An atomic resolution image of a 2,1,2,2 bismuth compound shows it to be free of defects. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703432:	Incommensurate modulation appears in a bismuth compound sample as a series of dark bands in the atomic lattice where atoms have moved off their normal orientation. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703433:	Researchers are exploring ways to improve both microstructure and sample preparation so that this kind of randomly oriented cornflake-like microstructure can be avoided. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703434:	Specimens go under the microscope attached to a 3- mm-diameter copper grid. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703439:	After the substrate binds at the active site of the enzyme lysozyme (molecule at left), a chemical reaction splits the substrate into two products (right). Spheres represent the atoms that make up the enzyme and the substrate. The "active site" of the enzyme is a special pocket into which the "substrate" molecule fits like a hand in a glove. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96703474:	Steve Visco (left) and Lutgard DeJonghe consult about the new class of polymer cathodes they have invented. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96803989:	The first step in atomic resolution study of yttrium disilicate: a computer generated model of the postulated structure.  The rectangle contains a highly defined display of the same area. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96803990:	In the atomic resolution study of yttrium disilicate, a section from a very thin area of a sample showing very little structure is selected for processing. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96803991:	In the atomic resolution study of yttrium disilicate, a fuzzy experimental image (left) is processed to produce an image with clearly defined features (right). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96803992:	In the atomic resolution study of yttrium disilicate, the processed image is superimposed on the simulated image for comparison. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/MATERIALS-SCIENCE/tags/96904224:	Aerogel panel and bunsen burner flame 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/tags/1992Spring_pg20_collider:	For the Collider Detector Facility, LBL participants produced one section of the end-plug hadron calorimeter.  (Following the first run, they also constructed the electronic data- aquisition system for the new SVX silicon-strip vertex detector.) Photo courtesy of the <a href="http://library.caltech.edu/collections/physics.htm">Millikan Library, California Institute of Technology</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/tags/1992Spring_pg33_chart:	Three types of neutrinos each associated with one of the three major families of fundamental particles.  The electron neutrino is associated with the electron and with the "up-down" family of quarks.  Muon neutrino is associated with the muon and with the "strange charm" set of quarks, and the tau neutrino with the tau particle and the "top/bottom" quarks. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/tags/96703169:	Atlas of emulsion events 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803785:	D-zero Detector. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803786:	D-zero Liquid Argon Calorimeter 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803787:	D-zero End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803788:	D-zero Vertex Chamber for FNAL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803789:	D-zero Vertex Chamber for FNAL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803790:	D-zero Vertex Chamber for FNAL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803791:	D-zero Vertex Chamber for FNAL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803792:	D-zero Vertex Chamber for FNAL 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803867:	D-zero Vertex Chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803868:	D-zero Vertex Chamber. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803869:	Peter Grudberg with VTX, TRD & CDC inside center of CC cyro. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803870:	Close-up of VTX inside of TRD. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803871:	Installation of D-zero detector central calorimeter with central detector package. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803872:	ECN before mounting End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803873:	Hiro Aihara with End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803874:	End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North held by mounting arm. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803877:	Installation of End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803878:	Installation of End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803879:	All ECN modules installed. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803880:	All ECN modules installed. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803881:	Closeup of installed End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module North. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803882:	North End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module cabled up. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803883:	South End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module installation at FNAL. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803884:	Inspection of End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module South. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803885:	Removal of mounting frame from End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module South 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803886:	D-Zero End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803887:	D-Zero Liquid Argon Calorimeter 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803888:	D-Zero Detector 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803889:	John Yamada with 22.5 degree model D-Zero Calorimeter 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803890:	22.5 degree model D-Zero Calorimeter 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803891:	Jon Wirth and Victor Wray laminating a disk for the D-Zero Calorimeter 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803892:	Jon Wirth pouring epoxy on a core for laminating 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803898:	Victor Wray cleaning laminated disk 11; part of epoxy application for D-zero Calorimeter. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803899:	John Taylor with stacked strongback and disk 11 for D-zero Calorimeter. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803900:	John Taylor with disk 11, showing antiwarp bolts. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803901:	MLB disk showing sectors. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803902:	John Yamada and John Taylor (left to right) cleaning a uranium plate for the D-zero Electromagnetic End Cap Calorimeter Assembly. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803903:	John Yamada and John Taylor (left to right) lifting and stacking a uranium plate. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803904:	Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory D-zero Electromagnetic Calorimeter Project group. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803905:	John Taylor measuring disk thickness with ultrasonic table. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803907:	D-zero Calorimeter with Paul D. Barbe, Kevin Bradley, Miguel Medina and John Yamada. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803908:	D-zero Calorimeter close up of flex ganging cables to the readout ring in the clean room. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803909:	Completed End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 1 with partial protective cover. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803910:	Uranium plate showing grinding marks during EM4 restacking. D-zero Calorimeter in clean room. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803911:	Completed End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 1 before final bagging. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803912:	Close up of final signal connections on End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 1. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803913:	Terence, Johm, Dave and Kevin moving End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 1 out of clean room. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803914:	Final bagged End Calorimeter Electromagnetic Module 1 unit outside of clean room. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803926:	Loading D-zero Detector Component into shipping box with Roy Oki, Dave Barbe, Yoshi Minamihara and John Taylor 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803927:	ECEM1 in its shipping box 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803928:	Derek Shuman with ECEM1 inside clean room at FNAL test beam 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803929:	Hiro Aihara and ECEM1 in test beam clean room at FNAL NWA 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803930:	Hiro Aihara with ECEM1. Rotate from horizontal to vertical position 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803931:	Derek Shuman with ECEM1 in vertical position 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803932:	John Yamada and Hiro Aihara, with ECEM1 back in clean room 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803933:	Hiro Aihara preparing ECEM1 with nylon mesh for TB installation 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803935:	IH on cart in test beam cryostat. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803936:	Hiro Aihara with ECEM1 inside test beam cryostat. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803937:	Dave Barbe, Hiro Aihara and Derek Shuman with ECEM1 in cryostat. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/D-ZERO-CALORIMETER/tags/96803938:	ECEM1 installed in test beam cryostat. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/SVXII-SILICON-DETECTOR/tags/96803782:	Cable for prototype hybrid of "SVXII" silicon detector for the collider detector at FERMILAB, compared to "SVX" hybrid cable. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/SVXII-SILICON-DETECTOR/tags/96803783:	Prototype layer zero hybrid for "SVXII" silicon detector for the collider detector at Fermilab. Hybrid is printed thick film on beryllia. Dimensions are 1.7 cm x 3.0 cm. Surface mount components and an SVX2B chip have been attached, as well as a test cable. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/RESEARCH-1991-PRESENT/PHYSICS/SVXII-SILICON-DETECTOR/tags/96803784:	Prototype layer zero hybrid for "SVXII" silicon detector for the collider detector at Fermilab. Hybrid is printed thick film on beryllia using tape dielectric. Hybrid will accomodate two SVX3 chip sets plus SMT components. Additionally, there are bonding pads on the side to permit "Zero-Z" interconnection. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06230:	Atomic Weight, Name and Symbol chart for ten transuranium elements of which Glenn Seaborg participated in the discovery
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06231:	Herb Stansbury cartoon:  "How nice to hear from you, President Johnson (LBJ)" Reprinted with permission of Herbert E. Stansbury, Jr. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06233:	Herb Stansbury cartoon:  "January, 1961 telephone call from President John F. Kennedy (JFK) to Dr. Glenn Seaborg in the Radiation Laboratory." Reprinted with permission of Herbert E. Stansbury, Jr. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06234:	Herb Stansbury cartoon:  "Hey, Dad.. Some guy called you on the phone about an hour ago.  I think he said his last name was Kennedy or Kenny or something.  I forgot to tell you...I think he's still waiting." Reprinted with permission of Herbert E. Stansbury, Jr. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06236:	Herb Stansbury cartoon:  "I'm your president, you little devils!", "Johnson (LBJ) was probably the highest price help as has ever chased a quail". Reprinted with permission of Herbert E. Stansbury, Jr. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06237:	Armbruster, et al. and Ghiorso formulas
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/94A06379:	Radionuclides used in medicine in the discovery of which Glenn T. Seaborg was involved.  List of isotopes and half-lives... 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/95200458:	Arthur C. Wahl in his office/lab at Washington University, St. Louis, in 1946.  Courtesy of Arthur C. Wahl, Los Alamos, New Mexico. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96401788:	Futuristic periodic table of the elements projected to element 168. With lanthanide (La), actinide (Ac) and superactinide series shown. With elements 106 (Sg), 107 (Ns), 108 (Ha), 109 (Mt), 110, 111 and 112 discovered. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96401789:	Modern periodic table of the elements projected to element 118. Lanthanide (La) and actinide (Ac) series shown. With elements 106 (Sg), 107 (Ns), 108 (Ha), 109 (Mt), 110, 111, and 112 discovered. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96703051:	The new SuperHilac, successor to the HILAC, accelerates beams of heavy ions.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96703289:	Glenn T. Seaborg pointing to Seaborgium (element 106) on the Periodic Table of the Elements 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96803596:	Left to right: Jack Livingood, Frank Exner, M.S. Livingston (in front), David Sloan, Ernest O. Lawrence, Milton G. White, Wesley Coates, L. Jackson Laslett, and Commander t. Lucci, with 70- ton magnet with 27-inch chamber, 1933. (Lawrence Radiation Laboratory) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96803597:	Early Radiation Laboratory staff framed by the magnet for 60-inch cyclotron in 1939. Front row, left to right: John H. Lawrence, Donald Cooksey, Arthur H. Snell, Luis W. Alvarez, Philip H. Abelson. Second row: John Backus, Wilfred B. Mann, Paul C. Aebersold, Edwin M. McMillan, Ernest Lyman, Martin D. Kamen, D.C. Kalbfell, W.W. Salisbury. Last Row: Alex S. Langsdorf, Jr., Sam Simmons, Joseph G. Hamilton, David H. Sloan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, William Brobeck, Robert Cornog, Robert R. Wilson, Eugene Viez, J.J. Livingood. (Lawrence Radiation Laboratory) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96803598:	Lawrence and the staff shown with the 184-inch magnet. (Lawrence Radiation Laboratory) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96803674:	LBL Building 4 on July 21, 1953 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96803675:	LBL Building 5 on July 21, 1953 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904306:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide F271, Title - Hahn and Strassman, December 1938 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904307:	Crocker Lab - exterior of building housing Seaborg's lab in October 22, 1943. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904308:	Old Radiation Laboratory
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904309:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide F1, Title - Nuclear Reactions for the Production of Heavy Elements by Intensive Slow Neutron Irradiation 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904310:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide F15, formula 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904311:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G25, Title - Some Predicted Properties of the Heavier Transactions 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904312:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G7, Title - Closed Shells 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904313:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G355a, formula 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904314:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G359a, formula 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904315:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G434, Title - Large Einsteinium Activation Project (LEAP) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904316:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide G360a, Title - Secondary Beam Reaction 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904317:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide HS203, Title - Superconducting
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904553:	Chemical elements chart 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904554:	Transuranium elements 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904555:	An allegorical representation of the stability of nuclei 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904556:	Element 111 and 112 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96904557:	Formulas for the artificial production of element 110, Ununnilium. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96A04841:	Seaborg Lecture on Modern Alchemy, slide  G128, Element 106 Team at Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore Laboratories. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05375:	Glenn T. Seaborg has worked with eleven United States presidents.  This is the list of presidents, their terms and years
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05376:	President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) giving campaign speech at Soldier Field, Chicago. Courtesy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05377:	Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt at the World's Fair, Brussels, Belgium. Visiting Netherlands Pavilion at Brussels World Exhibition.  Courtesy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York. Photograph by Haine Brothers of Brussels, Belgium.. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05378:	Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman accepting vice- presidential nomination as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (FDR) running mate, Democratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Chicago. Courtesy of the Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri. Copyright unknown. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05379:	Left to right: Bess Truman, Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman, and daughter Margaret Truman at the Democratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Chicago.  Courtesy of the Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri. Photo by the Chicago Sun, Chicago, Illinois. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05380:	Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy (JFK) and wife Jacqueline Kennedy visiting the Homogeneous Reactor Experiment No. 2 during a campaign visit at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee.  Left to right: Jacqueline Kennedy, JFK, and Dr. Alan Weinberg (director, ORNL).  In background: L.P. Riordan (ORNL) and E.E. Stokely (AEC-Oak Ridge Office).  Courtesy of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Photo by Ed Westcott. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05381:	President Harry S. Truman and Vice President Alben W. Barkley riding in an open car on parade route from Union Station through Washington, D.C. on November 5, 1948, following election victory on November 3.  Courtesy of the Harry S Truman Library, Independence, Missouri. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05382:	President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) (front center), Glenn T. Seaborg (upper left), and President Harry S. Truman (upper right) at Kansas City Airport, Kansas City, Missouri.  Courtesy of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05383:	President Dwight D. and First Lady Mamie Eisenhower on their 40th wedding anniversary, July 1, 1956.  National Park Service photo, courtesy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05384:	Members of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) with President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the White House on December 19, 1960.  Standing: George W. Beadle, Donald F. Hornig, Jerome B. Wiesner, Walter H. Zinn, Harvey Brooks, GTS, Alvin M. Weinberg (in front of GTS), David Z. Beckler, Emanuel R. Piore, John W. Tukey, Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky, John Bardeen, Detlev W. Bronk and Robert F. Loeb Seated: James B. Fisk, George B. Kistiakowsky, Eisenhower, James R. Killian, Jr. and Isidor I. Rabi.  U.S. Naval Photographic Center, courtesy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05385:	President John F. Kennedy (JFK) (middle) arriving at the AEC's Germantown, Maryland, headquarters with Glenn T. Seaborg (left) after helicopter flight from the White House on February 16, 1961. Courtesy of the United States Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland. Photo by Elton P. Lord. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05386:	Visit of President John F. Kennedy (JFK) to AEC Headquarters, Germantown, Maryland on February 16, 1961.  Courtesy of the United States Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland. Photo by Elton P. Lord. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05387:	President John F. Kennedy and Glenn T. Seaborg standing in front of bookcase at AEC Headquarters, Germantown, Maryland on February 16, 1961. Glenn Seaborg briefed the president on some nuclear energy fundamentals before a meeting with staff members for discussion of individual programs. Courtesy of the United States Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland. Photo by Elton P. Lord. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05392:	President John F. Kennedy (JFK) visiting AEC- supported Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL) on March 23, 1963. Picture taken in front of Building 70A at  LRL in Berkeley, California.  Left to right: Dr. Norris Bradbury, Dr. John S. Foster, Dr. Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg, President John F. Kennedy, Dr. Edward Teller, Robert McNamara (secretary of defense), and Dr. Harold Brown.  Courtesy of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05393:	President John F. Kennedy (JFK) speaking at Charter Day. Memorial Stadium, University of California, Berkeley (UCB).  Courtesy of the University Archivist of the Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05394:	Dinner honoring Nobel Prize winners of the Western Hemisphere at the White House on April 29, 1962 with a total of 49 American Nobelists in attendance.  Front row, seated, left to right: Pearl Buck (Literature, 1938), Dr. Rudolf L. Mossbauer (Physics, 1961), Mrs. Ernest Hemingway, President John F. Kennedy, Mrs. George C. Marshall, Dr. Melvin Calvin (Chemistry, 1961), First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and Dr. Robert F. Hofstadter (Physics, 1961).  Glenn T. Seaborg (Chemistry, 1951) standing in back row (left center of picture).  George C. Marshall (Peace Prize, 1953), Ernest Hemingway (Literature, 1954).  Courtesy of the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Columbia Point, Massachusetts. Reprinted with permission. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05395:	John F. Kennedy and Glenn T. Seaborg riding in an open touring car during the president's visit to the Nevada Test Site on December 8, 1962. Courtesy of the Office of the Naval Aide to the President, Washington, D.C. Photo by R.L. Knudsen. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05397:	Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev delivers speech at the reception in the Kremlin's Georgian Hall following the signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) on August 5, 1963.  Photo is stealthily taken by Glenn T. Seaborg with his tiny Minox camera.  Adlai E. Stevenson is visible on the right. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05398:	The Seaborg family photo for the Blair House Gallery, Washington, D.C. in 1964.  From left to right: Lynne Seaborg, Dianne Seaborg, Peter Seaborg, David Seaborg, Stephen Seaborg (in front of David), Eric Seaborg, Glenn T. Seaborg, and Helen L. Seaborg.  Taken at the Seaborg home, 3825 Harrison Street, Washington, D.C.  Photo by Fabian Bachrach, New York. Reprinted with permission from Bachrach Photographers. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05399:	Glenn T. and Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) presenting AEC's Enrico Fermi Award to J. Robert Oppenheimer on December 2, 1963 at the White House.  Present Dr. Seaborg, President Lyndon B. Johnson, Dr. Oppenheimer, Mrs. Oppenheimer, Dr. Robert E. Wilson, Mr. James T. Ramey, Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, and Mrs. Seaborg. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05401:	Glenn T. Seaborg "getting the word" from Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05402:	Helen L. Seaborg and Diane "Honey Bun" Seaborg (age 6) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) in the East Room at the White House.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05403:	Eric Seaborg (age 11) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) in the East Room at the White House. Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05404:	Stephen Seaborg (age 15) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) in the East Room at the White House.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05405:	David Seaborg (age 17) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) in the East Room at the White House. Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05406:	Lynne Seaborg (age 18) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) in the East Room at the White House. David Seaborg (center) with back to camera. Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05407:	Peter Seaborg (age 20) meeting President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ), East Room, White House.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05409:	Lady Bird Johnson and Glenn Seaborg at the Commonwealth Club luncheon, Palace Hotel, San Francisco for Lady Bird Johnson's talk on "The Beautification of America", February 19, 1988. Courtesy of Shirley Burton-Cohelan, San Francisco. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05410:	U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees) Ten (10) Outstanding Young Men of 1947 with Barbara Walker (Miss America).  Left to right: Barbara Walker, Adrian Fisher, Cord Meyer, Jr., James Q. Newton, LaVon Peterson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Robert Hingson, U.S. Representative Richard M. Nixon, U.S. Representative Glenn Davis. (Missing from photo: Thomas Reid and de Lesseps S. Morrison). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05411:	Breakfast at Owls Nest Camp, Bohemian Grove, July 23, 1967.  Around the table, left to right: Preston Hotchkis, California Governor Ronald W. Reagan, Harvey Hancock (standing), Vice President Richard M. Nixon, Glenn Seaborg, Jack Sparks, (unidentified individual), (unidentified individual), and Edwin Pauley.  Courtesy of Edward W. Carter (deceased). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05412:	Glenn T. Seaborg, Lynne Seaborg, Peter Seaborg, and Vice President Richard M. Nixon, in Vice President's office, Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.  Courtesy of the Office of the Vice President, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05413:	Glenn T. Seaborg and Richard Nixon in 1970. Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05414:	Henry Kissinger, Robert F. Ellsworth, Patrick E. Haggerty (chair. Texas Instruments Co.) President Richard Nixon, Glenn T. Seaborg, Lee A. DuBridge at the White House January 28, 1969.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05419:	The Atomic Pioneer Awards ceremony at the White House with Glenn T. Seaborg, President Richard Nixon, General Leslie R. Groves, Vannevar Bush and James B. Conant.  Courtesy of the United States Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland. Photo by Ed Westcott. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05420:	Dedication of the Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) Presidential Library and the Lyndon Baines Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas on May 22, 1971.   Lady Byrd Johnson (left), and First Lady Pat Nixon with President Richard M. Nixon, and Former President Lyndon Baines Johnson in the background.  Photo taked by Glenn T. Seaborg with his Minox camera. Courtesy of the Glenn T. Seaborg Collection, Lafayette, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05421:	Glenn T. Seaborg introducing Vice President Gerald R. Ford for a talk at the World Future Society Conference, International Ballroom Center, Washington Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C. Courtesy of the <a href="http://www.wfs.org/wfs">World Future Society, Bethesda, Maryland</a>
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05423:	New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller speaking at Dwinelle Plaza, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) on September 14, 1960.  Peter Seaborg sitting in center foreground.  Glenn T. Seaborg sitting directly next to Governor Rockefeller. Courtesy of the Glenn T. Seaborg collection, Lafayette, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05427:	Meeting of the National Commission on Excellence in Education with President Ronald Reagan in Oval Office of  White House on May 11, 1984 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05428:	Helen L. Seaborg shaking hands with President Ronald W. Reagan at dinner for the Prime Minister of Sweden Ingvar Carlsson in the East Room at the White House on September 9, 1987. Photo autographed by Reagan.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05429:	Glenn T. Seaborg and First Lady Nancy Reagan at a dinner in honor of Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden.  Dinner held in the State Dining Room at the White House on September 9, 1987.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05431:	Left to right: Vice President George Bush, Mrs. Ingvar (Ingrid) Carlsson, Mrs. Whilhelm (Ulla) Wachtmeister, Swedish Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson, Mrs. George (Barbara) Bush, Swedish Ambassador to the U.S. Wilhelm Wachtmeister, Swedish Embassy reception, Washington, D.C. Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05432:	Glenn T. Seaborg briefing President George Bush on "cold fusion" phenomena at the White House on April 14, 1989.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05435:	President George H.W. Bush awards the National Medal of Science to Glenn T. Seaborg in a ceremony at the White House Rose Garden, Washington, DC. Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05437:	President Bill Clinton and Glenn T. Seaborg with forty 1993 Science Talent Search (STS) finalists at the White House on March 4, 1993.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05438:	Glenn T. Seaborg with Vice President Al Gore in the Vice President's Office in the White House during a visit of the 1993 Science Talent Search (STS) finalists to the White House on March 4, 1993.  Courtesy of the White House, Washington, D.C., Photo credit to Dawn M. Friedkin, White House. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05440:	Glenn T. Seaborg, Mario Cuomo and Jesse Jackson at the IPA Convention on July 31, 1984 at the Hilton Hotel, Washington D.C. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05441:	Glenn T. Seaborg with Jinx Falkenburg (tennis star and TV host) at the ACS Meeting, New York, New York on September 11, 1957 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05442:	Shirley Temple Black and Glenn T. Seaborg at the Commonwealth Club of California, Sheraton Palace Hotel, San Francisco 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05443:	Franck Report: A-bomb excerpt 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05444:	Franck Report: uninhabited island excerpt 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05445:	President Harry S. Truman's letter acknowledging Glenn T. Seaborg's acceptance of Truman's invitation to serve on the General Advisory Committee (GAC) to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).  Courtesy of the Glenn T. Seaborg Collection, Lafayette, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05446:	President John F. Kennedy's (JFK) reappointment letter designating Glenn T. Seaborg to serve another term as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).  Courtesy of the Glenn T. Seaborg Collection, Lafayette, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05447:	Letter to Glenn T. Seaborg from Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) commending him for his annual report to Congress. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05580:	Ann-Margret and Glenn T. Seaborg at the Great Swedish Heritage Awards Banquet in the Grand Ballroom of the Seattle Westin Hotel, Seattle, Washington 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05581:	Digitally manipulated portraits of Glenn T. Seaborg and Abraham Lincoln.  Special request to celebrate Seaborg's 81st birthday. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05582:	Glenn T. Seaborg at Geiger-Muller counter and amplifier in Room 303, Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in 1941.  Chart of isotopes with replaceable colored entry cards on wall in background. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05583:	Joe Kennedy at 9237 San Antonio Avenue, South Gate, Christmas. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05584:	Arthur C. Wahl and Glenn T. Seaborg, Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) on the 25th anniversary of the discovery of plutonium, February 21, 1966.  They were the codiscoverers of plutonium (Pu, element 94). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05585:	Glenn T. Seaborg and astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh, discoverer of the planet Pluto, at a press conference at the Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico.  This was the occasion of a colloquium Seaborg gave about the 50-year history of discovery of the transuranium elements. Seaborg (age 79) and Tombaugh (age 85) spent time reminiscing with the news media about their discoveries. Seaborg is wearing his "Periodic Table" necktie and Tombaugh is wearing his "Walt Disney's Pluto" wristwatch.  Courtesy of the Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Photo by Randy Montoya. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05586:	Glenn T. Seaborg and astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh, discoverer of the planet Pluto, at a press conference at the Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico (with caption).  This was the occasion of a colloquium Seaborg gave about the 50-year history of discovery of the transuranium elements. Seaborg (age 79) and Tombaugh (age 85) spent time reminiscing with the news media about their discoveries. Seaborg is wearing his "Periodic Table" necktie and Tombaugh is wearing his "Walt Disney's Pluto" wristwatch. Courtesy of the Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Photo by Randy Montoya. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05587:	Helen L. Seaborg and Glenn T. Seaborg, Christmas 1941 in San Francisco. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05589:	Glenn T. Seaborg and Emilio Segre's  presentation of a sample of plutonium to the Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution on March 28, 1966 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05590:	Aerial View of the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in 1940.  1. Le Conte Hall, 2. Gilman Hall, 3. Chemistry Building, 4. Chemistry Annex, 5. Freshman Chemical Laboratory, 6. Radiation Laboratory, 7. Crocker Laboratory, 8. East Hall, 9. Drakes Restaurant and Smorgasbord, 10. Varsity Candy Shop, 11. Alta Vista Building. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05591:	Colored plutonium solutions, 1991.  Courtesy of David E. Hobart, Berkeley, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05592:	Colored plutonium solutions, 1991.  Courtesy of David E. Hobart, Berkeley, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05593:	Helen L. Seaborg and Glenn T. Seaborg at South Gate in 1942 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05594:	Louis B. Werner and Burris B. Cunningham, 405 Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05595:	Glenn T. Seaborg looking at the first pure plutonium (Pu(OH)4) produced from cyclotron at 405 Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago on August 20, 1942.  Courtesy of Elwin Covey, San Diego, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05596:	Salvioni balance.  Copyright by Life magazine. From the Fritz Goro estate. (deceased). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05597:	Albert Ghiorso and A.H. Jaffey with pulse analyzer in Metallurgical Laboratory counting room, New Chem, Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago.  Codiscoverer of americium (Am, element 95) and curium (Cm, element 96).  Copyright by Life magazine. From the Fritz Goro estate. (deceased). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05598:	Ralph James at Brookfield Zoo, Chicago. Autumn 1945.  Codiscoverer of americium (Am, element 95) and curium (Cm, element 96). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05599:	Betty and Leon (Tom) O. Morgan in front of their apartment building near 6007 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, approximately 1944.  Codiscoverer of americium (Am, element 95) and curium (Cm, element 96). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05600:	Glenn T. Seaborg and Quiz Kids Sheila Conlon and Bob Burke when Seaborg informally announces the discovery of element 95 (Am, americium) and element 96 (Cm, curium) on the radio talk show. Credit: Cowan (sponsor of the ÒQuiz KidsÓ radio program). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05602:	Projected Radioactive Beam intensities at the IsoSpin Laboratory (after acceleration to 10 MeV/u) from a Uranium Carbide target, 1 mol/cm 2 thick. Radioactive decay losses in the target have not been taken into account. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05647:	Color photo of President Ronald Reagan and Glenn T. Seaborg holding up a blow-up of the report "A Nation At Risk" after the National Commission on Excellence in Education meeting at the White House, May 5, 1984 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05648:	Naming-92 Uranium U-Uranus, 93 Neptunium Np Neptune, 94 Plutonium Pu-Pluto 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05649:	The Chemical Properties of Elements 94 and 93. Quote from Journal of the American Chemical Society 70, 1128 (1948).  "Plutonium is suggested as the name for element 94 following the convention that was used in the naming of neptunium (element 93) and uranium.  The chemical symbols Pu and Np are suggested for plutonium and neptunium." 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05650:	Formula developed by Kennedy, Seaborg, Segr , and Wahl on March 3-5, 1941. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05651:	Formula developed by Kennedy, Seaborg, Segre, and Wahl in March 1941 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05652:	Formula developed by Kennedy, Seaborg, Segre, and Wahl on March 28, 1941 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05653:	Periodic Table of 1941-1944 placing first two transuranium elements as members of an "Uranide" series 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05654:	Periodic table showing the heavy elements as members of an actinide series. Glenn T. Seaborg formulated this arrangement in 1944 and it was first published in Chemical and Engineering News in December 1945. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05655:	1974 formula 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05656:	Sequence time correlation of alpha decay 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05657:	Decay sequence of the discovery of element 108 (hassium, Hs) by Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI Laboratory).(Munzenberg et al.). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05658:	Superheavy Elements "Island of Stability" 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05659:	Compound Nucleus Formation and Fission Products cartoon 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05660:	International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Scheme -111, unununium, Uuu.  Better use: 111, (111)O2 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05691:	Fritz Strassmann, Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, Mainz, 1956 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05692:	Edwin M. McMillan, codiscoverer of neptunium (Np, element 93), working with test tubes and equipment 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05693:	Philip Abelson in 1940.  "Beyond Uranium C", Chemical and Engineering News, November 19, 1990 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05694:	Periodic table before World War II predicted erroneous positions for the transuranium elements. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05695:	Enrico Fermi (Amaldi,d'Agostino, Rasetti and Emilio Segre), 1934. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05696:	Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Fritz Strassmann 1936 or 1937, EkaOs and EkaAu. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05697:	Discovery of Element 93. Chart with discoverers (McMillan and Abelson - 1940) and formula. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/96B05698:	Discovery of Element 94.  Chart with discoverers (Seaborg, Kennedy, McMillan, and Wahl - 1940-1941) and formula. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97200626:	Plutonium sample, one of the first couple of micrograms of plutonium oxide. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97200627:	25th Anniversary of the discovery of plutonium with (in the back from left to right) Glenn Seaborg, Arthur C. Wahl and Edwin McMillan. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97300783:	Dr. Leo Brewer, Berkeley Inorganic Materials Laboratory and UC Professor of Chemistry, was selected last month to receive an Ernest O. Lawrence Memorial Award for 1961. This award, established in 1959 to honor the late founder of our Laboratory, is given to scientists under 45 years of age who have made outstanding contributions in the development of atomic energy. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301111:	Isadore Perlman, Margaret and Bernard Harvey, Jack Hollander in 1953 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301112:	Louise and John Rasmussen and Marian Diamond at Glenn T. Seaborg's Nuclear Chemistry Division party in 1958 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301113:	Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Street, Mr. and Mrs. David Templeton in on September 4, 1960 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301114:	Seven Nobel Laureates of LBL, University of California, Berkeley (UCB), with historic 37-inch cyclotron at the Lawrence Hall of Science. Pictured Owen Chamberlain, Edwin McMillan, Emilio Segre, Melvin Calvin, Donald Glaser, Luis Alvarez, and Glenn T. Seaborg on March 7, 1969. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301115:	History of Nuclear Medicine article from William G. Myers at Ohio State with a portrait of Glenn T. Seaborg (June 1938) and two iodine papers 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301116:	SHEIKS and working areas.  Rose McFarland, Ken Moody, and Glenn T. Seaborg in control room of 88- inch cyclotron on October 1, 1981. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301117:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL) from Indian Rock Drive. Visible in this picture are: Building 70, Building 51, the Bevatron, Administration Building.  Courtesy of Fritz Weigel (deceased). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301118:	Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL), Berkeley, California view towards south. Visible in this picture is the 184-inch cyclotron building. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301119:	Table of radionuclides discovered at LBL commonly used in nuclear medicine. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301120:	Bevalac: Beam transport line construction, Bevatron end. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301121:	50th anniversary of plutonium. Glenn T. Seaborg and his students on February 23, 1991. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301122:	Four future presidents of the American Physical Society. Left to right: Alvarez, Robert Oppenheimer, Willy Fowler and Bob Serber (1938.) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301123:	Alvarez with personally built electronics and BF-3 ionization chamber (1938). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301124:	Search for the first beam from the proton linear accelerator (10/16/47). AlvarezÕs 8:30 p.m. blackboard calculation ÒprovingÓ that geometry must be changed and that the Òmachine would not workÓ, with an added note that at 2:40 a.m., six hours later, they achieved the beam. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301125:	Alvarez receives the Nobel Prize for Physics from King Gustav VI with Princess Christina looking on (1968). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301126:	Asteriod Impact research team (1969). Left to right: Helen Michel, Frank Asaro, Walter Alvarez and Luis Alvarez. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301127:	Glenn T. Seaborg  journal excerpt, April 15, 1938.  Discovery of electron capture decay by Luis W. Alvarez.
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301129:	Ernest O. Lawrence Nobel Award announcement on blackboard, November 10, 1939. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301130:	184-inch cyclotron facility on October 23, 1941. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301131:	The four codiscoverers of berkelium (Bk, element 97) and californium (Cf, element 98) in Glenn T. Seaborg's office was part of LBL's 25th anniversary of discovery.  Left to right: Kenneth Street, Jr., Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, and Albert Ghiorso. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301132:	Glenn T. Seaborg and Edwin M. McMillan in front of the Periodic Table, soon after the announcement of the receipt of their winning the 1951 Nobel Prize in chemistry 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301192:	Portrait of Professor Ernest Orlando Lawrence taken December 2, 1954 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301193:	Report on Ernest O. Lawrence's experiments, dated 4/6/34 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301194:	Mass of neutron comparisons with Curie & Joliet, Chadwick, and Lawrence.  Bombardment with neutrons and bombardment with deutrons with Lewis, Livingston and Lawrence. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301195:	Five inch cyclotron held by Glenn Seaborg 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301196:	27-inch cyclotron in 1932.  Cooksey. Berkeley, California 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301197:	Historic 37-inch cyclotron 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301198:	The East Hall at UC Berkeley, 1937, which housed the deuteron-neutron source 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301199:	The East Hall at UC Berkeley, 1937, which housed the deuteron-neutron source 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301200:	Glenn Seaborg in the East Hall on the UC Berkeley campus in 1937 with neutron scattering apparatus. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301201:	Chemistry buildings, old Radiation Laboratory, Crocker Laboratory, etc., 1940's. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301202:	Demolition of Old Radiation Laboratory, 1959. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301203:	60-inch cyclotron, circa 1939, shows beam. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301204:	John and Ernest Lawrence at control panel of 60- inch cyclotron shortly after it began operating. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301205:	60-inch cyclotron group: Cooksey, Corson, Ernest O. Lawrence, Thornton, Bacus, Salisbury, Luis Alvarez, and Edwin McMillan, 1939 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301206:	Glenn T. Seaborg in 307 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) at sink. (1960s) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301207:	Lawrence party group at the Yamato Hotel in  San Francisco, California approximately around 1938. Pictured are R. Sagane, Ernest O. Lawrence, H. Walke, H. Newton, J. Cork, J. Laslett, R. Thorton, E.M. McMillan, G. Paxton, P. Aebersold, L. Emo, B. Kinsey, V. Voorhis, Lyman, Richardson, Yasaki, Snell, Livingood, Cooksey, Kurie. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301208:	Paul Aebersold 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301209:	Dr. Hermann A. Grunder, Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301210:	Chemical elements discovered at Berkeley, California or by Berkeley teams 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301211:	The King of Sweden giving the Nobel Prize to Glenn T. Seaborg 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301212:	The 25th anniversary of U-233.  Dr. John Gofman, Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg and Dr. Raymond Stoughton in Room 303 of Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301213:	The codiscoverers of nobelium (No, element 102) in the HILAC building, LBL in 1958:Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, and John R. Walton. Glenn T. Seaborg is absent. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301214:	The codiscoverers of lawrencium (Lr, element 103), HILAC building, LBL, 1961:Torbjorn Sikkeland, Albert Ghiorso, Almon E. 'Bud' Larsh, Robert M. Latimer. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301215:	Overall view  of Bevatron 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301216:	Aerial view of Building 71 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301217:	Diagram of High-energy Heavy Ion Facility (Bevalac) 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97301218:	J. Michael (Mike) Nitschke with his detection apparatus at the Hilac in the 1980s 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401411:	Martin Kamen with 37 inch cyclotron,1949. Courtesy of Martin D. Kamen, Santa Barbara, California. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401412:	Melvin Calvin with early photosynthesis in the old chemistry lab as a freshman in 1948. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401413:	J. Hamilton with radio sodium experiment in Berkeley, California, January, 1939. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401414:	Glenn T. Seaborg and John J. Livingood walking in front of Sather Gate, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as they are mailing iodine-131 paper to Physics Review, 1938. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401415:	Codiscoverers of einsteinium (Es, element 99, 1952) and fermium (Fm, element 100, 1953) at symposium commemorating the 25th anniversary of their discovery held at the LBL.  Left to right (front row): Louise Smith, Sherman Fried, Gary Higgins.  Left to right (back row): Albert Ghiorso, Rod Spence, Glenn T. Seaborg, Paul Fields and John Huizenga. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401416:	The codiscoverers of mendelevium at the LBL, on the 25th anniversary of discovery.  Left to right: Gregory R. Choppin, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, and Albert Ghiorso. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401417:	Mendelevium (Md) party at Larry BlakeÕs: Nelson Garden, Al Ghiorso, Bernard Rossi, Earl Hyde and others at buffet table. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401418:	The codiscoverers of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104) and hahnium (Ha, element 105) with Glenn T. Seaborg at the HILAC building, LBL.  Left to right: Matti Nurmia, James Harris, Karl Eskola, Glenn T. Seaborg, Pirkko Eskola and Albert Ghiorso. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401419:	The codiscoverers of element 106, seaborgium (Sg) at the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) building of LBL at the time of discovery in 1974. From left to right: Matti Nurmia, Jose R. Alonso, Albert Ghiorso, E. Kenneth Hulet, Carol T. Alonso, Ronald W. Lougheed, GTS, and J. Michael Nitschke. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401420:	E.O.L. award ceremony on May 28, 1970 with Andrew M. Sessler, William J. Bair, James W. Cobble, Michael M. May and Joseph M. Hendrie. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401421:	Meeting in the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in March 1940 to discuss the 184-inch cyclotron. Left to right: Ernest O. Lawrence, Arthur H. Compton, Vannevar Bush, James B. Conant, Karl T. Compton, and Alfred Loomis. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401422:	Ernest O. Lawrence, Glen T. Seaborg, and J. Robert Oppenheimer in early 1946 at the controls to the magnet of the 184-inch cyclotron, which was being converted from its wartime use to its original purpose as a cyclotron. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401423:	Emilio Segre's Nobel Prize conference with Glenn Seaborg, Clyde Wiegand, Emilio Segre, Herb Steiner, and Edwin McMillan. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401424:	Construction of Advanced Light Source (ALS) at LBL. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401425:	Ghiorso, Glen T. Seaborg and Otto Hahn, University of California, Berkeley (UCB), November, 1955. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401426:	Glenn Seaborg and John F. Kennedy (JFK) at LBL. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401667:	88-inch cyclotron probe in detail 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401668:	Aerial view of Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401669:	LBL party at DiBiasi's, 860 San Pablo Avenue, Albany, California.  Clockwise around the table: Ernest O. Lawrence, Betty (Mrs. Charlton) Cooksey, Vannevar Bush, Molly (Mrs. Ernest) Lawrence, Alfred Loomis, Dorothy Axelrod, Helen Griggs (HLS), Charlton Cooksey, David Sloan, and S. Mrozowski. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401670:	Frank Asaro, Iz Perlman, and Frank Stevens 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401671:	Technetium, the first element to be artificially produced, is a synthetic radioactive metal of group VIIb of the Periodic Table.  The isotope technetium-97 was discovered in 1937 by Carlo Perrier, the Italian mineralogist, and Emilio Segre, the Italian born American physicist. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401672:	Formula for Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) Dating. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401673:	First synthetically produced in 1940 at the University of California by Dale R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie, and Emilio Segre, astatine is the heaviest of the Halogen elements.  Astatine isotopes are available for study in only very small quantaties due to their extremely brief half-lives.  About 20 isotopes are known, of which the longest lived is astatine-210 with a half-life of 8.3 hours. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401674:	Fissile uranium-233 can be synthesized for use as a nuclear fuel from the non-fissile thorium isotope, thorium-232, which is abundant in nature.  This is the formula for that process. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401675:	Edwin M. McMillan, Edward Teller, Glenn T. Seaborg, John F. Kennedy and Pat Brown during President John F. Kennedy's visit to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL). 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97401676:	LBL Nuclear Chemistry Program Committee.  John Rasmussen, Albert Ghiorso, Joseph Cerny, Kenneth Street, Norman Edelstein, Frank Asaro, Earl Hyde, Arthur Poskanzer, David Shirley, Glenn T. Seaborg, Frank Stephens, Richard Diamond, David Hendrie, Jack Hollander, Bernard Harvey, David Templeton, Sheila Saxby, Luciano Moretto, and Norman Glendenning. 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97602538:	Sam Ruben in the "Rat house" 
/home/www/imglib/http/htdocs/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/SEABORG-ARCHIVE/tags/97702816:	Left to right: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), Vice President-elect Harry S Truman, and Vice President Henry A. Wallace at Union Station, Washington, D.C.   Courtesy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York. Copyright Abbey Rowe collection.