query tuning based on natural language processing using Special procedures for treating proper noun names for organizations, products, locations, etc. retaining and using word pairs occurring only once in documents stemming the documents and queries doing indirect document frequency (IDE) or entropy weighting on words and using these to weight query pairs computing additional weights based on shortest paths. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful for the contributions of the following University of Illinois at Chicago faculty, students, and staff to this project: John Andrews, Robert Goldstein, Alan Hinds, Nainesh Khimasia, Jin Hong Meng, Stephen Roy, Gary Singer, Anand Sundaram, George Yanos, and Clement Yu. REFERENCES Barnett, G.A. & Richards, W.D. (1991, February). A comparison of NEGOPY'S clique detection algorithm with correspondence analysis. Paper presented to the International Social Networks Conference, Tampa, Florida. Burt, R.S. (1990). Structure. New York: Center for Social Sciences, Columbia University. Croft, B., Turtle, H. & Lewis, D. (1991). Proceedings of the SIGIR `91, 32-45. Danowski, J. (1982). A network-based content analysis methodology for computer-mediated communication: An illustration with a computer bulletin board," Communication Yearbook, 6,904-925. Danowski, 3. (1988). Organizational infographics and automated auditing: Using computers to unobtrusively gather and analyze communication. In G. Goldhaber and G. Barnett (eds.) Handbook of organizational communication (pp.335-384). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Danowski, J. & Andrews, J. (1985, February). A method for automated network analysis of word cooccurrences. Paper presented to the International Social Networks Conference, San Diego. Danowski, 3. & Martin, T.H. (1979). Evaluating the health of information science: Research community and user contexts. Final report to the Division of Information Science of the National Science Foundation, no. 15Tl8-2l 130. Deerwester, S., Dumais, S.T., Landauer, T.K., Furnas, G.W. & Harshman, R.A. (1990). Indexing by latent semantic analysis. Journal of the Society for Information Science, 41:6, 391407. Dumais, S.T. (1992). LSI meets TREC: A status reporL Paper presented to TREC. Fagan, J. (1989). The effectiveness of a nonsyntactic approach to automatic phrase indexing for document retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 40:2,115-132. Gabow, H.N. & Tarjan, R.E. (1989). Faster sealing algorithms for network problems. SIAM Joumal~on Computing. 1 8(Oct),1013-36. Salton, G. & McGill, M. (1983). Introduction to modem information retrieval. New York: McGraw-Hill. Salton, G. & Buckley, C. (1991). Automatic text structuring and retrieval: Experiments in automatic encyclopedia searching. Proceedings of the SIG-IR `91, 21-30. van Rijsbergen, C. (1977). A theoretical basis for the use of cooccurrence data in information retrieval. Journal of Documentation, 33,106-119. Yu, C., Buckley, C., Lam, H. & Salton, G. (1983). A generalized term dependence model in information retrieval. Information technology: Research and development, 2,129-154. 136