Compiled
by
Deane K. Smith
Emeritus Professor of Mineralogy
The Pennsylvania State University
General
Cristobalite
Opal
Tridymite
Quartz
Silica Glass
Crystallization of Amorphous Silica
Organic and Biological
Health Effects
Miscellaneous
Regulatory
|
General
|
- Ampian, S. G., and Vitra, R. L. (1992) Crystalline silica overview: Occurrence
and analysis. Information Circular, IC-9317. U. S. Bur. Mines. Washington, DC.
27pp.
- Arbey, F. (1979) Les formes de la silice et l’identification des
evaporites
dans les formations silicifiees. Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor. -Prod. Elf-Aquitaine.
V4, 309-365.
- Belonoshko, A. B., Dubrovinsky, L. S., and Dubrovinsky, N. A.
(1996)
A new high-pressure silica phase obtained by molecular dynamics. Amer. Mineral.
V81, 785-788.
- Bustillo, M. A., Fort, R., and Bustillo, M. (1993) Specific
surface
area and ultramicroporosity in polymorphs of silica. Eur. J. Min. V5, 1195-1204.
- Calvert, S. E. (1983) Sedimentary geochemistry of silicon. In Aston (Ed.)
Silicon geochemsitry and biogeochemistry. Academic Press, London.
- Drees, L. R., Wilding,
L. P., Smeck, N. E., and Senkayli, A. L. (1989) Silica in soils: Quartz and
disordered
silica polymorphs. In Dixon, J. P. (Ed.) Minerals in soil environments. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. Madison, WI. 913-975.
- Fenner, C. N. (1913) The stability relations of
the silica minerals, Amer. J. Sci. V36, 331-384.
- Floerke, O. W. (1967) Die Modificationen
von SiO2, Fortschr. Min. V44, 181-230.
- Floerke, Q. W. (1959)
Regelungserscheinungen
bei der paramorphen Unwandlung von SiO2-Kristallen. Z. Krist. V112, 126-135.
- Floerke,
O. W., and Schneider, H. (1986) Intergrowth relationships between the
SiO2-polymorphs
quartz, cristobalite and tridymite in SiO2-rich ceramic materials. Ber. Dtsch.
Keram. Ges. V63, 368-372.
- Floerke, O. W., Martin, B., Benda, L., Paschen, S.,
Bergna, H. E., Roberts, W. I., Welsh, W. A., Ettlinger, M., Kerner, D.,
Kleinschmit,
P., Meyer, J., Gies, H., and Schiffmann, D. (1993) Silica. Ullmann’s
Encyclopedia
of Industrial Chemistry, VA23, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, NY.
- Floerke, O.
W., Graetsch, H., Martin, B., Roller, K., and Wirth, R. (1991) Nomenclature of
micro- and non-crystalline silica minerals, based on structure and
microstructure.
Neues. Jahrb. Min. Abh. V163, 19-42.
- Floerke, O. W., and Martin, B. (1993)
Silica
modifications and products. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol.
A23, 583-598, 654-655.
- Frondel, C. (1962) The system of mineralogy, Vol. III. The
silica minerals, 7th ed. J. Wiley and Sons, New York. ___pp.
- Garrison, R. E.,
Douglass, R. B., Pisciotto, K. E., Issacs, C. M., and Ingle, J. C. (Eds.) (1981)
The Monterey Formation and related siliceous rocks of California, Soc. Econ.
Paleontol.
Min., Pacific Section, Los Angeles, V68, 307-323.
- Gibbs, G. V., Downs, J. W.,
and Boissen, M. B., Jr. (1994) The Elusive Si-O Bond in Silica, Physical
Behavior,
Geochemistry, and Materials Applications in Heaney, P. J, Prewitt, C. T., and
Gibbs, G. V. (Eds.) Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC., 369-402.
- Harville, D., and Britton, A. (1994) Identification and quantification of silica
phases in the Monterey Formation using infrared spectroscopy. A, A. A. P. Bull.
V78, 664-665.
- Heaney, P. J. (1994) Structure and Chemistry of the Low Pressure
Silica Polymorphs in Silica, Physical Behavior, Geochemistry, and Materials
Applications.
Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 29, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington,
DC., 1-40.
- Heaney, P. J., and Banfield, J. A. (1995) Structure and chemistry of
silica, metal oxides and phosphates. In Guthrie, G. D., and Mossman, B. T.
(Eds.)
Health effects of mineral dusts. Rev. Min. V28, 185-233.
- Heaney, P. J., Prewitt,
C. T. and Gibbs, G. V. (Eds.) (1994) Silica, Physical Behavior, Geochemistry,
and Materials Applications. Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 29, Mineralogical
Society
of America, Washington, DC, 606pp.
- Iler, R. K. (1979) The Chemistry of Silica.
J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 21-28.
- Klein, C., and Hurlbut, C. S., Jr. (1993)
Manual of Mineralogy, 21st Edition, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. ___pp.
- Miles,
W. J. (1994) Crystalline silica analysis of Wyoming bentonite by X-ray
Diffraction
after phosphoric acid digestion. Anal. Chim. Acta. V286, 97-105.
- Miles, W. J.,
and Hamilton, R. D. (1991) Detection and Measurement of Crystalline Silica in
Minerals, in Environmental Management for the 1990’s, Lootens, D. J., (Ed.), SME,
Littleton, CO. Pp. 329-333.
- Odom, I. E., and Elzea, J. M. (1991) Environmental
aspects of silica minerals in clays and sediments. Clay Min. Soc. Abstracts with
Program. V28, 123.
- Rey, T. (1966) Ultrarotabsorption von AlPO4 und SiO2 in
Abhangigkeit
von Fehlordering und Temperatur. Z. Krist. V123, 263-314.
- Smith, J. V., and
Blackwell,
C. S. (1984) Nuclear magnetic resonance of silica polymorphs. Nature. V303,
223-225.
- Smith, J. V., and Steele, I. M. (1984) Chemical substitution in silica
polymorphs.
Neues Jahrb. Min. Mon. V3, 137-144.
- Sosman, R. B. (1965) The phases of silica.
Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ., ___pp.
- Wahl, F. M., Grim. R. E., and
Graf, R. B. (1961) Phase transformations in silica as examined by continuous X-ray
diffraction. Am. Min. V44, 196-208.
- Wilding, L. P., Smeck, N. E., and Drees, L.
R. (1977) Silica in soils: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite and opal. In Dixon,
J. B., Weed, S. B., Kittrick, J. A., Milford, M. H., and White, J. L. (Eds.)
Minerals
in soil environments. 471-552.
.
|
Cristobalite
|
- Barth, T. F. W. (1932) The cristobalite
structures: I High-cristobalite, Am. J. Sci. V23, 350-356.
- Barth, T. F. W. (1932)
The cristobalite structures: II Low-cristobalite, Am. J. Sci. V24, 97-110.
- Cruickshank-Banks,
D. W., and Stevens, L. (1983) The Formation of Cristobalite from Diatomite - a
Dilatometric Study, Aust. Dental J. V28, 27-29.
- Dollase, W. A. (1965) Reinvestigation
of the structure of low cristobalite, Z. Krist. V21, 369-377.
- Downs. R. A., and
Palmer, D. C. (1994) The pressure behaviour of
α-cristobalite. Am. Min. V79,
9-14.
- Eitel, W. (1957) Structural anomalies in tridymite and cristobalite, Am. Ceram.
Soc. Bull. V57, 142-148.
- Endell, J. (1948) Rontgenographischer Nachweis Zwischenzustande
be der Bildund Von Cristobaliteaus Klieselguhr beim Erhitzen, [X-ray Analysis
Confirming the Existence of Intermediate Phases During Calcination of
Diatomaceous-Earth]
J. Kolloidzachr. V11, 19-22.
- Etchepare, J. Merian, M., and Kaplan, P. (1978) Virational
normal modes of SiO2. II Cristobalite and tridymite. J. Chem. Phys. V68,
1531-1537.
- Floerke, O. W. (1955) Strukturanomalien bei Tridymit und Cristobalit,
Berichte
der Deutshcen Keramischen Gesellschaft, v32, 369-381.
- Floerke, O. W. (1955)
Zur
Frage des “High”-Cristobalit in Opalen, Bentoniten und Glaesern. Neues Jahrb.
Mineral. Monatasch. V10, 217-224.
- Floerke, O. W. (1956) Uber die Hoch-Tief Umwandlung
und die thermische Ausdehnung von Cristobalit. Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges. V33,
319-321.
- Floerke, O. W. (1957) Uber die Roentgen-Mineralanalyse und die thermische
Ausdehnung
von Cristobalit und Tridymit und uber die Zusammensetzung von Silikamassen.
Ber.
Deut. Keram. Ges. V34, 343-353.
- Floerke, O. W., Graetsch, H., and Jones, J. B.
(1990) Hydrothermal deposition of cristobalite. Neues Jahrb. Min. Mh 81-95.
- Flynn, P. T., Jr., Rosol, A. T., and Kinsala, S. D. (1991) Cristobalite
Formation in
Diatomaceous Earth--Effects of Time and Temperature, in Environmental
Management
for the 1990’s, Lootens, D. J., Greenslade, W. M., and Barker, J. M. (Eds),
SME,
Littleton, CO., 367-371.
- Hatch, D. M., and Ghose, S. (1991) The α-β phase transition
in cristobalite, SiO2, Phys. Chem. Min. V17, 554-562.
- Hua, G. L., Welberry, T.
R., Withers, R. L., and Thompson, J. G. (1983) An electron diffraction and
lattice-dynamical
study of the diffuse scattering in α-cristobalite. J. Appl. Cryst. V21,
458-465.
- Jones, J. B., and Segnit, E. R. (1972) Genesis of cristobalite and
tridymite at
low temperatures. J. Geol. Soc. Australia,. V18, 419-422.
- Lally, J. S., Nord,
G. L., Jr., Heuer, A, H., and Christie, J. M. (1978) Transformation-induced
defects
in α-cristobalite. Proc. 9th Int’l Congress on Electron Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy.
V1, 476-477.
- Laves, F. (1939) Uber den Einflu( von Spannungen auf die Regelung
von Quarz- und Cristobalit Kristallchen in Chalzedon, Quartzin, und Lussatit.
Natuurw. V42, 705-717.
- Leadbetter, A. J., Smith, T. W., and Wright, A. F. (1973)
Structure of high cristobalite. Nature, Physical Sciences, V244, 125-126.
- Leadbetter,
A. J., and Wright, A. F. (1976) The α-β transition in the cristobalite phases
of SiO2 and AlPO4 I. X-ray studies. Phil. Mag. V33, 105-112.
- Lukesh, J. (1967)Stability, lattice parameters and thermal expansion of -cristobalite: A
discussion.
Amer. Mineral. V52, 541-541.
- Mason, B. (1972) Lunar tridymite and cristobalite.
Amer. Mineral. V57, 1530-1535.
- Mallard, E. (1890) Sur la tridymite et la cristobalite.
Bull. Soc. Fran. Min. V13, 161-180.
- Moehlman, R. S. (1935) Quartz paramorphs after
tridymite and cristobalite. Am. Min. V20, 808-810.
- Murata, K. I., and Nakata,
K. (1974) Cristobalitic stage in the diagenesis of diatomaceous shale.
Science.
V184, 567-568.
- Nieuwenkamp, W. Von (1935) Die Kristallstruktur des tief-Cristobalits
SiO2. Z. Krist. V92, 82-88.
- Nieuwenkamp, W. Von (1937) Uber die Struktur von hoch-Cristobalit. Z. Krist. V96, 454-458.
- O’Keeffe, M, and Hyde, B. G. (1976) Cristobalite and topologically-related
structures. Acta Cryst. VB32, 2923-2936.
- Palmer, D. C., Hemley, R. J., and Prewitt,
C. T. (1994) Raman spectroscopic study of high-pressure phase transitions in
cristobalite.
Phys. Chem. Min. V--, __-__.
- Parise, J. B., Yeganeh-Haeri, A., Weidner, D. J.,Jorgensen,
J. D., and Saltzberg, M. A. (1994) Pressure-induced phase transition and
pressure
dependence of crystal structure in low (() cristobalite and Ca/Al-doped
cristobalite.
J. Appl. Phys. V75, 1361-1367.
- Peacor. D. R. (1973) High-temperature single crystal
study of the cristobalite inversion. Z. Krist. V138, 274-298.
- Perotta, N. J.,
Grubbs, D. K., Martin, N. R., McKinstry, H. A., and Huang, C. Y. (1989)
Chemical
stabilization of α-cristobalite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. V61, 441-447.
- Phadke, A. V.,
and Kshirsagar, L. K. (1986)Thermo-analysis of low cristobalite from Pune,
Maharashtra,
India: Paragenetic significance. Z. Geol. Wiss. V14, 559-567.
- Phillips, B. L.,
Thompson, J. G., Ziao, Y, and Kirkpatrick, R. J. (1993) Constraints on the
structure
and dynamics of the α-cristobalite polymorphs of SiO2 and AlPO4 from 31P, 27Al
and 29Si NMR spectroscopy to 770K. Phys. Chem. Min. V20, 341-352.
- Pluth, J. J.,
Smith, J. V., and Faber, J. Jr. (1985) Crystal structure of low cristobalite
at
10, 293 and 473 K: Variation of the framework geometry with temperature. J.
Appl.
Phys. V57, 1045-1049.
- Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Denielou, L., Petitet, J. P.,
and Tequi, C. (1982) Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite and
amorphous
SiO2: Drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from
0 to 2000 K. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. V48, 2639-2658.
- Schmahl, W. W. (1993) Athermal
transformation behavior and thermal hysteresis at the SiO2-α-β-cristobalite
phase
transition. Eur. J. Min. V5, 377-380.
- Schmahl, W. W., Swainson, I. P., Dove, M.
T., and Graeme-Barber, A. (1992) Landau free energy and order parameter
behaviour
of the α/β phase transition in cristobalite. Z. Krist. V201, 125-145.
- Schneider,
H. (1986) Chemical composition of tridymite and cristobalite from volcanic and
meteoritic rocks. Neues Jahrb. Min. Mon. V10, 433-444.
- Siefert-Kraus, U. And Schneider,
H. (1984) Cation distribution between cristobalite, tridymite, and coexisting
glass phases in used silica bricks. Ceram. Internat. V10, 135-142.
- Schneider,
H. (1986) Chemical composition of tridymite and cristobalite from volcanic and
meteoritic tocks. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Montasch. ___, 433-444
- Schneider, H. And
Majdic, A. (1984) Iron incorporation in tridymite and cristobalite. Neues
Jahrb.
Mineral. Monatsch. ___, 559-568.
- Spearing, D. R., Farnan, I., and Stebbins, J.
F. (1992) Dynamics of the α-β phase transitions in quartz and cristobalite as
observed by in-situ high-temperature 29Si and 17O NMR. Phys. Chem. Min. V19,
307-321.
- Swainson, I. P., and Dove, M. T. (1993) Low-frequency floppy modes in
α-cristobalite.
Phys. Rev. Lett. V71, 193-196.
- Thompson, A. B., and Wennemer, M. (1979) Heat capacities
and inversions in tridymite, cristobalite and tridymite-cristobalite mixed
phases.
Am. Min. V64, 1018-1026.
- Van Valkenburg, A., Jr., and Buie, B. F. (1945) Octahedral
cristobalite with quartz paramorphs from Ellora Caves, Hyderabad State, India.
Am. Min. V30, 526-535.
- Walker, R. F., Zerfoss, S., Holley, S. F., and Gross, L.
J. (1958) Temperature of the inversion in cristobalite. J. Res. N. B. S. V61,
251-261.
- Welberry, T. R., Hua, G. L., and Withers, R. L. (1989) An optical
transform
and Monte Carlo study of the disorder in β-cristobalite. J. Appl. Cryst. V22,
87-95.
- Wilson, M. J., Russell, J. D., and Tate, J. M. (1974) A new interpretation
of the structure of disordered α-cristobalite. Contr. Min. Pet. V47, 1-6.
- Withers, R. I., Thompson, J. G., and Welberry, T. R. (1989) The structure
and microstructure
of α-cristobalite and its relationship to β-cristobalite. Phys. Chem. Min.
V16,
517-523.
- Wolfe, C. W. (19 ) Crystallography of Cristobalite from Ellora Caves,
India. Amer. Mineral. V--, 536-537.
- Wright, A. F., and Leadbetter, A. J. (1975)
The structures of the β-cristobalite phases of SiO2 and AlPO4. Phil. Mag. V31,
1391-1401.
- Zhang, X., and Org, C. K. (1993) Pressure-induced amorphization of
β-cristobalite. Phys. Rev. B. V48, 6865-6870.
|
Opal
|
- Adams, S. I., Hawkes, G. E.,
and Curzon, E. H. (1991) A solid state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance study
of
opal and other hydrous silicas. Am. Min. V76, 1863-1871.
- Bartoli, F., Bittencourt-Rosa,
D., Doirisse, M., Meyer, R., Philippy, R., and Samana, J. C. (1990) The role
of
aluminum in the structure of Brazilian opals. Eur. J. Min. V2, 611-169.
- Blank,
R. R., and Fosberg, M. A. (1991) Duripans of Idaho: In situ alteration of
eolian
dust (loess) to an opal-A/X-ray amorphous phase. Geoderma. V48, 131-149.
- Boudreau,
B. P. (1990) Modelling early diagenesis of silica in non-mixed sediments.
Deep-Sea
Research, Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers. V37, 1543-1567.
- Breese, R. O.
Y. (1994) Diatomite in Industrial Minerals and Rocks, Sixth Edition Casr, D.
D.
(Ed.) DME, Littleton, CO., 397-412.
- Brunier, T. M. (1990) Neutron scattering
studies
of amorphous materials. PhD Thesis, Univ. Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
- Cady, S. L. (1994) Microfibrous quartz and crystalline opaline silica
varieties:
Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy and
quantitative
X-ray texture analysis. PhD Thesis, Univ. California. Berkeley, CA. 147pp.
- Cady,
S. L., and Wenk, H. -R. (1994) Diagenetic microcrystalline opal varieties from
the Monterey Formation, CA: HTREM study of the structures and phase
transformation
mechanisms. (Abstr.) Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts with Programs. V26, A112.
- Chester,
R., and Elderfield, H. (1968) The infrared determination of opal in siliceous
deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. V32, 1128-1140.
- Curtil, L., and
Murat, M. (1992) Conditions de formation et microstructure des gels formes par
dissolituon non congruente de l’opale dans les solutions basiques. Compte
Rendus
des l;’Academie des Sciences, Serie 2, Mechanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences
de l’Univers, Sciences de la Terre. V315, 55-58.
- Darraugh, P. J., Gaskin, A.
J.,
Terrell, B. C., and Sanders, J. V. (1965) Origin of precious opal. Nature.
V209,
13-16.
- Deelman, J. C. (1986) Opal-CT in bamboo, Neues Jahrb. Min. Mon. V9,
407-415.
- De Jong, B. H. W. S., van Hoek, J., Veeman, W. S., and Manson, D. V. (1987)
X-ray
diffraction and 29Si magic-angle spinning NMR of opals: Incoherent long- and
short-
range order in opal-CT, Am. Min. V72, 1195-1203.
- Elzea, J. M., Odom, I. E.,
and
Miles, W. J. (1994) Distinguishing well ordered opal-CT and opal-C from high temperature
cristobalite by X-ray diffraciton. Anal. Chim. Acta. V286, 107-116.
- Elzea, J.
M. And Rice. S. B. (1996) TEM and X-ray diffraction evidence for cristobalite
and tridymite stacking sequences in opal. Clays and Clay Minerals, v44,
492-500.
- Elzea, J. M., Sprague, E. K., and Odom, I. E. (1991) Characterization of low
temperature
silica polymorphs in calcium bentonites, sodium bentonites, and Fuller’s
earths
by XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM. (Abstr.) Clay Min. Soc. Abstracts with Program. V28,
43.
- Floerke, O. W. (1955a) Zur frage des “Hoch-Cristobalit” in Opalen,
Bentoniten
and Glasern. Neues Jahrb. Min. Mh. 217-233.
- Floerke, O. W. (1973) The genesis
of Hyalite. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsch. - 82-89.
- Floerke, O. W., Flux, S.,
and Schroder, B. (1985) Hyalith vim Steihwitzhugel bei Kulmain W’tiel des
Egergrabens.
Neues. Jahrb. Min. Abh. V151, 87-97.
- Floerke, O. W., Graetsch, H., Martin, B.,
Bochum, K., and Wirth, R. (1991) Nomenclature of Micro-
and Non Crystaline
Silica
Materials, Based on Structure and Microstructure, Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
Monatasch.
V163, 19-42.
- Floerke, O. W., Hollmann, R., Rad, U. V., and Rosch, H. (1976)
Intergrowth
and twinning in Opal-CT lepispheres. Contr. Min. Pet. V58, 235-242.
- Floerke,
O.
W., Jones, J. B., and Segnit, E. R. (1973) The genesis of hyaline. Neues Jahrb.
Min. Mh, 82-89.
- Floerke, O. W., Jones, J. B., and Segnit, E. R. (1975) Opal-CT
crystals. Neues Jahrb. Min. Mh, 369-377.
- Froelich, F. (1989) Deep-sea boigenic
silica: New structural and analytical data from infrared analysis--geological
implications. Terra Nova, V1, 267-273.
- Gauthier, J. P. (1986) Observation directe
par microscopic electronique a transmission de diverse varieties d’opale: II
Opal-synthetique. J. Microsc Spectrosc Elektron V11, 37-52.
- Gauthier, J. P., and Bittencourt-Rosa,
D. (1991) Crystal-like organization in precious opal. (Abstr) Sixth meeting of
the European Union of Geosciences. Terra Abstracts V3, 404.
- Goldberg, E. D.
(1958)
Determination of opal in marine sediments. J. Marine Res. V17, 178-182.
- Graetsch,
H. (1994) Structural charactistics of opaline and microcrystalline silica
minerals.
In Heaney, P. J., Prewitt, C. T., and Gibbs, G. V. (Eds.) Silica, physical
behavior,
geochemistry, and materials applications. Reviews in Mineralogy. V29. Min Soc.
Am., 209-232.
- Graetsch, H., and Ibel, K. (1996) Small angle neutron scattering
by opals. Phys. Chem. Minerals, V23, ___-___.
- Graetsch, H., and
Topalovic-Dierdorf,
T. (1996) MAS NMR spectra of hyalite from Gran Canaria. Chemie Erde, V56,
___-___.
- Graetsch, H., Floerke, O. W., and Miehe, G. (1985) The nature of water in
chalcedonly
and opal-C from Brazilian agate geodes. Phys. Chem. Min. V12, 300-306.
- Graetsch,
H., Floerke, O. W., and Miehe, G. (1985) Wachstum, Struktur ind Gefuege von
Opal-C
bis -CT. Z. Krist. V170, 56-58.
- Graetsch, H., Mosset, A., and Gies, H. (1990)
XRD and 29Si MAS-NMR study on some non-crystalline silica minerals. J. Non-Cryst.
Sol. V119, 173-180.
- Graetsch, H, Floerke, O. W., and Ibel, K. (1991)
Neutronenkleinwinkelstreunung
von Opalen und Chalzedon (abst.) Z. Krist. Suppl. 3, 86.
- Graetsch,H., Floerke,
O. W., and Miehe, G. (1985) The nature of water in chalcedony and opal-C from
Brazilian agate geodes. Phys. Chem. Minerals, V12, 300-306.
- Graetsch, H., Gies,
H. And Topalovic, I. (1994) NMR, XRD and IR study on microcrystalline opals.
Phys.
Chem. Min. V21, 166-175.
- Greer, R. T. (1969) Submicron structure of
“amorphous”
opal. Nature. V224, 1199-1200.
- Guba, I. (1993) Die aussergewoehnlichen
Eigenschaften
von Kascholong Opal aus einem neuentdeckten Vorkommen im Oman. Deut. Gemmol.
Ges.
V42, 141-148.
- Guthrie, G. D., Bish, D. L., and Reynolds, R. C. Jr. (1995)
Modeling
the X-ray diffraction pattern of opal-CT. Am. Min. V80, 869-872.
- Guthrie, G.
D.,
Bish, D. L., Chipera, S. J., and Raymond, R. (1995) Distribution of
potentially
hazardous phases in the subsurface at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Los Alamos
Scientific
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Rept. No: LA-12573-MS. 41pp.
- Ibel, K., and Wright,
A. (1980) An opal standard for very low momentum transfers in neutron small
angle
scattering. ILL Internal Scientific Report 80IB45S.
- Jones, J. B., Biddle, J.,
and Segnit, E. R. (1966) Opal genesis. Nature. V210, 1353-1354.
- Jones, J. B.,
Sanders, J. V., and Segnit, E. R. (1964) Structure of opal. Nature. V204,
990-991.
- Jones, J. B., and Segnit, E. R. (1969) Water in sphere type opal. Min. Mag.
V37,
357-361.
- Jones, J. B., and Segnit, E. R. (1971) The nature of opal, I.
Nomenclature
and constituent phases. J. Geol. Soc. Australia, V18, 57-68.
- Jones, R. L.
(1969)
Determination of opal in soil by alkali dissolution analysis. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am.
Proc. V33, 976-978.
- Kato, K. (1983) Ordering of opal-CT in diagenesis. Geochem.
J. V17, 87-93.
- Khimicheva, N. V., Plyusnina, I. I., and Isirikyan, A. A.
(1991)
Adsorptive properties of the opal-quartz mineral series. Moscow, Univ. Geol.
Bull.
V46, 28-37. (In Russian).
- Khimicheva, N. V., Plyusnina, I. I., and Isirikyan,
A. A. (1991) Sorption properties of the minerals of the opal to quartz range.
Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4 Geologiya Moscow, 33-44. (In
Russian).
- Kinnunen, K. A., and Ikonen, L. (1991) Opal, a new hydromorphic precipitate
type
from gravel deposits in southern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland. V63,
95-104.
- Langer, K., and Floerke, O. W. (1974) Near infrared absorption spectra (4000 -
9000 cm-1) of opals and the role of water in these SiO2●nH2O minerals. Fortsch.
Minral. V52, 17-51.
- Leinen, M. (1977) A normative calculation technique for
determining
opal in deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. V41, 671-676.
- Leinen, M.
(1985) Techniques for determining opal in deep-sea sediments : A comparison of
radiolarian counts and X-ray diffraction data. Marine Micropaleontology. V9,
375-383.
- Levin, I., and Ott, E. (1933) X-ray study of opals, silica glass and silica
gel.
Z. Krist. V85. 305-318.
- Li, D., Bancroft, G. M., Kasrai, M., Fleet, M. E.,
Secco,
R. A., Feng, X. H., Tan, K. H. And Yang, B. X. (1994) X-ray absorption
spectroscopy
of silicon dioxide (SiO2) polymorphs: The structural characterization of opal.
Am. Min. V79, 622-632.
- Mayerson, D. A., Dunkel, C. A., Piper, K. A., and
Cousminer,
H. L. (1995) Identification and correlation of the Opal-CT/quartz phase
transition
in offshore Central California. A. A. A. G. Bull. V79, 592.
- Mitchell, R. S.,
and
Tufts, S. (1973) Wood opal--a tridymite-like mineral. Amer. Mineral. V58,
717-720.
- Mizota, C., Itoh, M., Kusakabe, M., and Noto, M. (1991) Oxygen isotope ratios
of opaline silica and plant opal in three recent volcanic ash soils. Geoderma.
V50, 211-217.
- Monroe, E. A., Sass, D. B., and Cole, S. H. (1969) Stacking
faults
and polytypism in opal, SiO2●nH2O. Acta Cryst. A25, 578-580.
- Mueller, P. J.,
and
Schneider, R. (1993) An automated leaching method for the determination of
opal
in sediments and particulate matter. Deep-Sea Research. Part I: Oceanographic
Research Papers. V40, 425-444.
- Mueller, P. J., and Schneider, R. (1990) Eine
automatisierte
Methode zur nasschemischen Bestimmung von Opal in Sinkstoffen und Sedimenten.
Nach. Deut. Geol. Ges. V43, 144.
- Patalakha, Ye. I., Smirnov, A. V., and
Korobkin,
V. V. (1991) Dehydration in opal as a result of disharmonious folding of
siliceous
strata. Sovetskaya Geologiya. V1991, 93-95.
- Pusey, P. N., van Megen, W.,
Bartlett,
P., Ackerson, B. J., Rarity, J. G., and Underwood, S. M. (1989) Structure of
crystals
of hard colloid spheres. Phys. Rev. Lett. V63, 2753-2756.
- Radan, S., Seghudi,
I., and Bunescu, C. (1992) Opal lepispheres in hydrothermal alteration
deposits
from East Carpathians Neogene alteration zone. Roumanian J. Min. V75, Supp. 1,
38.
- Rice, S. B., and Elzea, J. M. (1993) Stacking disorder in the crystaline
opals. Clay Min. Soc. Abstracts with Program 137.
- Rice, S. B., Fruend, H., Huang, W.
L., Clouse, J. A., and Issacs, C. M. (1995) Application of Fourier transform
infrared
spectroscopy to silica diagenesis: the opal-A to opal-CT transformation. J.
Sed.
Res. A65, 639-647.
- Ruland, W. (1971) Small-angle scattering of two-phase
systems:
Determination and significance of systematid deviations from Porod’s law. J.
Appl.
Cryst. V4, 70-73.
- Sanders, J. V. (1964) Colour of precious opal. Nature. V204,
1151-1153.
- Sanders, J. V. (1968) Diffraction of light by opals. Acta Cryst.
A24,
427-434.
- Sanders, J. V., (1975) Microstructure and crystallinity of gem opals.
Amer. Mineral. V60, 749-757.
- Segnit, E. R., Anderson, C. A., and Jones, J. B.
(1970) A scanning microscope study of the morphology of opal. Search. V1,
349-351.
- Taijing, L., Zhang, X., Sunagawa, I., and Groves, G. W. (1995) Nanometre scale
textures in agate and Beltane opal. Min. Mag. V59, 103-109.
- Tada, R., and Iijima,
A. (1983) Identificaiton of mixtures of opalime silica phases and its
implication
for silica diagenesis. In Iijima, A., Hein, J. R., and Siever, R. (Eds.)
Siliceous
deposits in the Pacific region. Univ. Tokyo Geol. Inst. Tokyo, Japan. 229-245.
- Taylor, E. M., and Huckins, H. E. (1995) Lithology, fault displacement, and
origin
of secondary calcium carbonate and opaline silica at trenches 14 and 14D on
the
Bow Ridge fault at Exile Hill, Nye. County, Nevada. Open File Report, U. S.
Geol.
Surv. Rept. No.: OF 93-0477.
- Taliaferro, N. L. (1935) Some properties of opal.
Am. J. Sci. V30, 450-474.
- Vaniman, D. T., Ebinger, M. H., Bish, D. L., and
Chipera,
S. J. (1992) Precipitation of calcite, dolomite, sepiolite and silica from
evaporated
carbonate and tuffaceous waters of southern Nevada, USA. In Kharaka, Y. K.,
and
Maest, A. S. (Eds.) Proc. 7th Int’l Symp, Water-Rock Interactions. Vol. 1. Low
Temperature Environments. U. S. Geol. Surv. Menlo Park, CA. 687-691.
|
Tridymite
|
- Ashworth, J. R. (1988) Transformation mechanisms of tridymite to cristobalite
studied by transmission electron microscopy, Phys. Chem. Min. V15, 246-251.
- Ashworth,
J. R. (1989) Transmission electron microscopy of co-existing tridymite
polymorphs,
Min. Mag. V53, 89-97.
- Blankenberg, H. J., Schoen, W., and Roesler, H. J.
(1980)
Die Spurenelemente im Tridymit des Siderophyrs von Rittersgruen/Ertgebirge.
Chemie
Erde, V39, 98-90.
- Baur, W. H. (1977) Silicon-oxygen bond lengths, bridging
angles
Si-O-Si and synthetic low tridymite, Acta Cryst. B33, 2615-2619.
- Buerger, M.
J.,
and Lukesh, J. (1942) The tridymite problem. Science. V95, 20-21.
- Carpenter,
M.,
and Wennemer, M. (1985) Characterization of synthetic tridymites by
transmission
electron microscopy, Am. Min. V70, 517-528.
- Cohen, L. H., and Klemment, W. K.,
Jr. (1980) Tridymite: Effect of hydrostatic pressure to 6 kbar on temperatures
of two rapidly reversible transitions, Contrb. Min. Pet. V71, 401-405.
- De Dombal,
R. F., and Carpenter, M. A. (1993) High-temperature phase transitions in
Steinbach
tridymite, Eur. J. Min. V5, 607-622.
- Dollase, W. A. (1967) The crystal
structure
at 220°C of orthorhombic high tridymite from the Steinbach meteorite, Acta
Cryst,
V23, 617-623.
- Dollase, W. A., and Baur, W. H. (1976) The superstructure of
meteoric
low tridymite solved by computer simulation, Am. Min. V61, 971-978.
- Floerke,
O.
W. (1966) Wachstum ind Verzwillingung von Tridymit. Kristall und Technik,
V1,3,
405-410.
- Floerke, O. W., and Langer, K. (1972) Hydrothermal recrystallization
and transformation of tridymite. Contr. Miner. Petrog., V36, 221-230.
- Floerke,
O. W., and Muller-vonmoos, M. (1971) Displazive Tief-Hoch-Umwandlung von
Tridymit,
Z. Krist. V133, 193-302.
- Floerke, O. W., and Nukui, A. (1988) Strukturell
Pathologie
von Tridymiten, Neues Jahr. Miner. Abb. V158, 175-182.
- Friedlaender, C. G. J.
(1970) Tridymite in the gangue of a Pb-Cu-Zn-occurrence. Schseit. Mineral.
Petrogr.
Mitt. V50, 183-199.
- Friedlaender, C. G. J. (1970) Entaxy of tridymite in the
gangue
of a Pb-Cu-Zn-occurrence. Can. Mineral. V10, 704-709.
- Gibbs, R. E. (1926) The
polymorphism of silicon dioxide and the structure of tridymite. Proc. Roy.
Soc.
A113, 351-368.
- Goetz, W. (1962) Intersuchungen am Tridymit des Siderophyrs von
Grimuna in Sachsen. Chemie Erde, V22, 167-174.
- Graetsch, H., and Floerke, O.
W.
(1991) X-ray powder diffraction patterns and phase relationships of tridymite
modifications, Z. Krist. V195, 31-48.
- Graetsch, H., and Topalovic-Dierdorf, T.
(1996) 29Si MAS NMR spectrum and superstructure of modulated tridymite
L3-To(MX-1).
Eur. J. Mineral. V8, 103-113.
- Gratten-Bellew, P. E. (1978) Quartz-tridymite
transition
under hydrothermal conditions, Explor. Mineral. V11, 129-139.
- Hill, V. G., and
Roy, R. (1958) Silica structure studies. VI, On tridymite, Trans. Brit. Cer.
Soc.
V57, 496-510.
- Hoffmann, W. And Laves, F. (1964) Zur Polytypie und Polytropie
von
Tridymit. Naturwill. V51, 335.
- Hoffmann, W., Kockmeyer, M., Lons, J., and Vach,
C. (1983) The transformation of monoclinic low-tridymite MC to a phase with an
incommensurate superstructure. Fortschr. Min. V61, 96-98.
- Imamura, M., and
Matsumoto,
T. (1980) Change of X-ray diffraction pattern of tridymite by heating and
cooling.
J. Mineral. Soc. Japan, V14, 387-396 (in Japanese).
- Kato, K., and Nukui, A.
(1976)
Die Kristalstruktur des monoklinen Tief-Tridymits. Acta Cryst. B32, 2486-2491.
- Kawai. K., Matsumoto, T., Kihara, K., and Sakurai, K. (1978) The first finding
of monoclinic tridymite in terrestrial volcanic rocks. Min. J. (Japan). V9,
231-235.
- Kihara, K. (1977) An orthorhombic superstructure of tridymite existing between
about 105 and 180°C. Z. Krist. V146, 185-203.
- Kihara, K. (1978) Thermal change
in unit-cell dimensions, and a hexagonal structure of tridymite. Z. Krist.
V148,
237-253.
- Kihara, K. (1980) On the split-atom model for hexagonal tridymite. Z.
Krist. V152, 95-101.
- Kihara, K. (1981) Adenda and corrigendum for “On the
split-atom
model for hexagonal tridymite.” V157,93.
- Kihara, K., Matsumoto, T., and
Imamura,
M. (1986a) High-order thermal-motion tensor analysis of tridymite. Z. Krist.
V172,
39-52.
- Kihara, K., Matsumoto, T., and Imamura, M. (1986b) Structural change of
orthorhombic-I tridymite with temperature: A study based on second-order
thermal-vibrational
parameters. Z. Krist. V177, 27-38.
- Kim, Y. J., Xiao, Y., and Kirkpatrick, R.
J.
(1992) TEM investigations of tridymite polymorphs. (Abstr.) Trans. Am. Geophys.
Union EOS. V73, 620.
- Konnert, J. H., and Appleman, D. E. (1978) The crystal
structure
of low tridymite. Acta Cryst. B34, 391-403.
- Loens, J., and Hoffmann, W. (1987)
Zur Krustallstruktur der inkommensurablen Raumtemperaturphase des Tridymit. Z.
Krist. V178, 141-143.
- Nukui, A., and Floerke, O. W. (1987) Three tridymite
structural
modifications and cristobalite intergrown in one crystal. Amer. Mineral. V72,
167-169.
- Nakui, A., and Nakazawa, H. (1980) Polymorphism in tridymite. J. Min.
Soc. Japan. V14(spec. Vol. 2), 364-386 (In Japanese).
- Nakui, A., Nakazawa, H.,
and Akao, M. (1978) Thermal changes in monoclinic tridymite. Amer. Mineral.
V63,
1252-1259.
- Nakai, A., Yamaoka, S., and Nakazawa, H. (1980) Pressure-induced
phase
transitions in tridymite. Am. Min. V65, 1283-1286.
- Nakui, A., Yamamoto, A.,
and
Nakazawa, H. (1979) Non-integral phase in tridymite. In: Cowley, J. M., Cohen,
J. B., Salamon, M. B., and Wuensch, B. J. (Eds.) Modulated Structures-1979.
Am.
Inst. Phys. Conf. Proc. V53, 327-329.
- Ray, L. L. (1947) Quartz paramorphs
after
tridymite from Colorado. Am. Min. V32, 643-646.
- Sato, M. (1963) X-ray study of tridymite (1): On tridymite M and
tridymite S. Min. J. (Japan). V4, 115-130.
- Sato,
M. (1963) X-ray study of tridymite (2): Structure of low tridymite. Min. J.
(Japan).
V4, 131-146.
- Sato, M. (1964) X-ray study of tridymite (3): Unit cell
dimensions
and phase transition of tridymite, Type S. Min. J. (Japan). V4, 215-225.
- Schneider,
H., and Floerke, O. W. (1982) Microstructure, chemical composition, and
structural
state of tridymite. Neues Jahrb. Min. Mon. V145, 280-290.
- Schneider, H., and Floerke,
O. W. (1986) High-temperature transformation of tridymite single-crystals to
cristobalite.
Z. Krist. V175, 165-176.
- Shadid, K. A., and Glasser, F. P. (1970) Thermal
properties
of tridymite: 25°C - 300°C. J. Therm. Anal. V2, 181-190.
- Smelik, E. S., and
Reeber,
R. R. (1990) A study of the thermal behavior of terrestrial tridymite by
continuous
X-ray diffraction. Phys. Chem. Min. V17, 197-206.
- Tagai, T., and Sadanaga, R.
(1972) Tridymite, features of its high-low transitions and structure of its
20-layer
polytype. Acta Cryst. A28, s121.
- Tagai, T., Sadanaga, R., Takeuchi, Y., and
Takeda,
H. (1977) Twinning of tridymite from the Steinbach meteorite. Min. J. (Japan).
V8, 382-398.
- Wennemer, M., and Thompson, A B. (1984) Tridymite polymorphs and
polytytpes. Schweiz Min. Petrogr. Mitt. V64, 335-353.
- Wennemer, M., and
Thompson,
A. B. (1984) Ambient temperature phase transitions in synthetic tridymites.
Schweiz
Min. Petrogr. Mitt. V64, 355-368.
- Xiao, Y, Kirkpatrick, R. J., and Kim, Y. J.
(1993) Structural phase transitions of tridymite: A 29Si MAS NMR
investigation.
Am. Min. V78, 241-244.
|
Quartz
|
- Hamilton, R. D., and Peletis, N. G. (1990) The
Determination
of Quartz in Perlite by X-ray Diffraction, Adv. X-ray Anal. V23, 493-497.
- Heaney,
P. J., and Post, J. E. (1992) The Widespread Distribution of a Novel Silica
Polymorph
in Microcrystalline Quartz Varieties, Nature, V255, 441-443.
- Kingma, K. J.,
and
Hemley, R. J. (1994) Raman spectroscopic study of microcrystalline silica. Am.
Min. V79, 269-273.
- Mallard, E. (1890) Sur la Lussatite, nouvelle variete
minerale
cristallisee de silice. Bull. Soc. Franc. Min. V13, 63-66.
- Midgley, H. G.
(1951)
Chalcedony and flint. Geol. Mag. V88, 179-184.
- Miehe, G., Graetsch, H., and
Florke,
O. W. (1984) Crystal structure and growth fabric of length-fast chalcedony.
Phys. Chem. Min. V10, 197-199.
- Renault, J., McKee, C., and Barker, J. (1991)
Quantitative X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Trace Quartz in Selected Mineral Products:
Standardization
II, in Environmental Management in the 1990’s, Lootens, D. J., (Ed.), SME,
Littleton,
CO. Pp. 361-362.
- Renault, J., McKee, C., and Barker, J. (1992) Calibrating for
X-ray Analysis of Trace Quartz, Adv. X-ray Anal. V35, 363-373.
- Seifert, H.
(1966)
Epitaxy of Macromolecules on Quartz Surfaces, Pergamon Press, New York.
|
Silica Glass
|
-
Breese, R. O. Y., and Barker, J. M., Perlite in Industrial Minerals and
Rocks, Sixth Edition Casr, D. D. (Ed.) DME, Littleton, CO., 735-749.
-
Bridgeman,
P. W. (1953) Effects of high pressure on glass. Am. J. Sci. V237, 7-18.
-
Devine,
R. A. (Ed.) The physics and technology of amorphous SiO2. Plenum, NY.
-
Fanderlik,
I. (Ed.) (1991) Silica glass and its applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 304pp.
-
Floerke, O. W. (1959) Uber Kieselsaeurekristalle in Glaesern. Glastechnische
Berichte,
V32, 1-10.
-
Galeener, F. L., and Wright, A. C. (1986) The J. C. Phillips model
for vitreous SiO2: A critical appraisal. Sol. State Comm. V57, 677-682.
-
Grimley,
D. I., Wright, A. C., and Sinclair, R. N. (1990) Neutron scattering from
vitreous
silica. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. V119, 49-64.
-
Hosemann, R., Hentschel, M. P.,
Schmeisser,
U., and Bruckner, R. (1986) Structural model of vitreous silica based on
microcrystalline
principles. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. V83, 223-234.
-
Kubicki, J. D., and Lasaga, A. C.
(1988) Molecular dynamics simulations of SiO2 melt and glass: Ionic and
covalent
models. Am. Min. V73, 941-955.
-
O’Keefe, J. A. (1984) Natural glass. J. Non-Cryst.
Sol. V67, 1-17.
-
Pye, L. D., O’Keefe, J. A., and Frechette, V. D. (1984)
Natural
Glasses. North-Holland Physics Publ. Amsterdam. 662pp.
-
Sykes, D. and Kubicki,
J. D. (1996) Four-membered rings in silica and aluminosilicate glasses. Amer.
Mineral. V81, 2665-272.
-
Wright, A. C. (1994) Neutron scattering from vitreous
silica. V. The structure of vitreous silica: What have we learned from 60
years
of diffraction studies? J. Non-Cryst. Sol. V179, 84-115.
-
Wright, A. C., Desa,
J. A. E., Weeks, R. A., Sinclair, R. N., and Bailey, D. K. (1984) Neutron
diffraction
studies of natural glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. V67, 35-44.
-
Wright, A. C., Bachra,
B., Brunier, T. M., Sinclair, R. N., Gladden, L. F., and Portsmouth, R. L.
(1992)
A neutron diffraction and MAS-NMR study of the structure of fast neutron
irradiated
vitreous silica. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. V150, 69-75.
|
Crystallization of Amorphous Silica
|
- Altree-Williams, S., Byrnes, J. G., and Jordan, B. (1981) Amorphous
Surface
and Quantitative X-ray Powder Diffractometry, Analyst, V106, 69-75.
- Bailey, D.
A. (1947) Conversion of Silica on ignition, J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxic. V29,
242-249.
- Bettermann, P., and Liebau, F. (1975) The transformation of amorphous silica
to
crystalline silica under hydrothermal conditions, Contrib. Min. Petrol. V53,
25-36.
- Calacal, E. L., and Whittemore, O. J. (1987) The Scintering of Diatomaite, Am.
Ceram. Soc. Bull. V66, 790-793.
- Carr, R. M., and Fyfe, W. S. (1958) Some
observations
on the crystallization of amorphous silica, Am. Min. V43, 908-916.
- Correns, C.
W., and Nagelschmidt, G. (1933) Uber Faserbau und optische Eigenshaften von
Chalzedon.
Z. Krist. V85, 199-213.
- Crerar, D. A., Axtmann, E. V., and Axtmann, R. C.
(1981)
Growth and ripening of silica polymers in aqueous solutions. Geochim.
Cosmochim.
Acta. V45, 1259-1266.
- Graetsch, H., Floerke, O. W., and Miehe, G. (1987)
Structural
Defects in microcrystalline silica. Phys. Chem. Min. V14, 249-257.
- Heaney, P.
J. (1993) A proposed mechanism for the growth of chalcedony. Contr. Min. Pet.
V115, 66-74.
- Jordan, B., O’Connor, B. H., and Deyu, L. (1990) Use of Rietveld
Pattern Fitting to Determine the Weight Fraction of Crystalline Material in
Natural Low Quartz Specimens, Powd. Diff. V5, 64-69.
- Mozzi, R. L., and Warren, B. E.
(1969)
The structure of vitreous silica. J. Appl. Cryst. V2, 164-172.
- Nakamura, T., Sameshina,
K., Okunaga, K., et al. (1989) Determine of Amorphous Phase in Quartz Powder
by
X-ray Powder Diffraction, Powd. Diff. V4, 9-13.
- Rimstedt, J. D., and Barnes,
H.
L. (1980) The kinetics of silica-water reactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.
V44,
1683-1699.
- Stebbins, J. F. (1991) NMR Evidence for Five-coordinated Silicon in
a Silicate Glass at Atmospheric Pressure, Nature, V351, 638-639.
- Williams, L.
A., and Crerar, D. A. (1985) Silica diagenesis, II: General mechanisms. J. Sed.
Petrol. V55, 312-321.
- Williams, L. S., Parks, G. A., Crerar, D. A. (1985)
Silica
diagenesis, I: Solubility controls. J. Sed. Petrol. V55, 301-311.
|
Organic and Biological
|
- Bendz, G., and Lindquist, I. (Eds.) (1977) Biochemistry of silicon
and related problems. Plenum Press, NY. 591pp.
- Bartoli, F. (1985)
Crystallochemistry
and surface porperties of biogenic opal. J. Soil Sci. V36, 335-350.
- Bartoli,
F.,
and Wilding, L. P. (1980) Dissolution of biogenic opal as a function of its
physical
and chemical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. V44, 873-878.
- Brewster, N. A.
(1981)
The determination of biogenic opal in high latitude deep sea sediments. (Abstr.)
International conference on siliceous deposits in the Pacific region. Univ.
Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan. 38.
- Evered, D., and O’Connor, M. (Eds.) (1986) Silicon
Biochemistry.
J. Wiley and Sons. Chichester, UK. 264pp.
- Gies, J. W. (1972) Biogenic opaline
silica in selected plant materials. (Abstr.) Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI.
155.
- Guthrie, G. D. J., and Heaney, P. J. (1995) Mineralogical characteristics
of the silica polymorphs in relation to their biological activity. In
Goldsmith,
D. F., Wagner, G. R., Saffioti, U., Rabovsky, J., and Leigh, J. (Eds.) Proc.
2nd
Int’l Symp. Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer. _____________.
- Hartwig, G., and
Hench,
L. L. (1972) The Epitaxy of Poly-L-Alanine on L-Quartz and a Glass-Ceramic, J.
Biomed. Mater. Res. V6, 413-424.
- Kaufman, P. B., Dayanandan, P., Takeoka, Y.,
Bigelow, W. C., Jones, J. D., and Iler, R. (1981) Silica in shoots of higher
plants.
In Simpson, T. I., and Volcani, B. E. (Eds.) Silicon and siliceous structures
in biological systems. Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 409-449.
- Koopmann, B.
(1980)
Quantitative determination of silt sized biogenic silica in Atlantic deep-sea
sediments. (Abstr.) International Association of Sedimentologists, first
European
regional meeting. 30-33.
- Kozin, F., Millstein, B., Mandel, G., and Mandel, N.
(1982) Silica induced membranolysis: A study of different structural forms of
crystalline and amorphous silica and the effects of protein adsorption. J.
Colloid
Interface Sci. V88, 326-337.
- Langer, A. M. (1978) Crystal Faces and Cleavage
Planes
in Quartz as Templates in Biological Processes, Quart. Rev. Biophys. V11,
543-575.
- Manein, D., Geiger, B., and Addadi, L. (1994) Differential Adhesion of Cells
to
Enantiomorphous Crystal Surfaces, Science, V263, 1413-1416.
- Mann, S., and
Perry,
C. C. (1986) Structural aspects of biogenic silica. In Evered, D., and
O’Connor,
M. (Eds.) Silicon biochemistry. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. 40-58.
- Mortlock,
R. A. And Froelich, P. N. (1989) A simple method for the rapid determination
of
biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments. Deep-Sea Research. Part A:
Oceanographic
Research Papers. V36, 1415-1426.
- Nash, T., Allison, A. C., and Harington, J.
S.
(1966) Physico-chemical properties of silica in relation to toxicity. Nature.
V210, 259-261.
- Pease, D. S., and Anderson, J. U. (1969) Opal phytoliths in
bouteloua
eriopoda torr.-roots and soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. V33, 321-322.
- Sangster,
A. G., and Hodson, M. J. (1986) Silica in higher plants.
In: Evered, D., and
O’Connor,
M. (Eds.) Silicon Biochemistry, J. Wiley, Chichester, UK. P. 90-111.
- Weiss,
A.,
and Herzog, A. (1977) Isolation and characterization of a silicon-organic
complex
from plants. In: Bendz, G., and Lindquist, I. (Eds.) Biochemistry of silicon
and
related problems. Plenum Press, NY.
- Wilding, J. P., and Drees, L. R. (1974)
Contributions
of forest opal and associated crystalline phases to fine silt and clay
fractions
of soils. Clays and Clay Min. V22, 295-306.
|
Health Effects
|
- Abrams, H. K.,
(1954)
Diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis. Amer. J. Pub. Health. V44, 592-599.
- Bagchi,
N. (1992) What makes silica toxic? Brit. J. Indus. Med. V49, 163-166.
- Brieger,
M., and Gross, P. (1966) On the Theory of Silicosis: I Coesite, Arch. Environ.
Health, V13, 751-757.
- Brieger, M., and Gross, P. (1967) On the Theory of
Silicosis:
III Stishovite, Arch. Environ. Health, V15, 751-757.
- Caldwell, D. M. (1958)
The
coalescent lesion of diatomaceous earth pnumoconiosis. Am. Rev. Tuberculosis.
V77, 644-661.
- Checkoway, H., Heyer, N. J., Demers, P. A., and Breslow, N. E.
(1992)
A cohort mortality study of workers in the diatomaceous earth industry.
Unpublished
final report from the Univ. Of Washington. School of Public Health and
Community
Medicine, Seattle, WA. Submitted to the International Diatomite Producers
Assn.
133pp.
- Craighead, J. E. (Chair) (1988) Silicosis and silicate disease
committee
NOISH: Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate
minerals.
Arch. Path. Lab. Med. V112, 673-720.
- Craighead, J. E. (1992) Do silica and
asbestos
cause lung cancer? Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. V116, 16-20.
- Dunnom, D. D. (Ed.)
(1981)
Health effects of synthetic silica particulates. Amer. Soc. Test. Mat.
Philadelphia,
PA. 226pp.
- Ebbesen, P. (1991) Fibrosis and Tumour Development in Dust
Innoculated
Mice, Eur. J. Cancer. Prev. V1,39-41.
- Fubini, B., Bolis, V and Giamello, E.
(1987)
The Surface Chemistry of Crushed Quartz Dust in Relation to its Pathogenicity,
Inorg. Chim. Acta V138, 193-197.
- Glenn, R. E. (1992) Health effects of
crystalline
silica. In Griffiths, J. B. (Ed.) 10th “Industrial Minerals” Int’l Congr.,
Industrial
Minerals Division of Metal Bulletin plc, May 1992, Surrey, UK, 112-119.
- Goldsmith,
D. F. (1994) Silica Exposure and Pulmonary Cancer, in Epidemiology of Lung
Cancer,
Samet, J. M., (Ed.), 245-298.
- Goldsmith, D. F., Winn, D. M., and Shy, C. M.
(Eds.)
(1986) Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer. Praeger, New York, NY. 536pp.
- Guthrie,
G.
D., Jr. (1992) Biological effects of inhaled minerals. Am. Min. V77, 225-243.
Guthrie, G. D., Jr. (1995) Mineralogical Factors Affect the Biological
Activity
of Crystalline Silica, App. Occup. Environ. Hyg. V10, 1126-1131.
- Guthrie, G.
D.
J., Jr., and Heaney, P. J. (1995) Mineralogical Characteristics of Silica
Polymorphs
in relation to their Biological Activities, Scandanavian J. Of Work,
Environment,
and Health, 21, (Supp 2), 5-8.
- Guthrie, G. D., Jr. and Mossman, B. T. (Eds.)
(1993)
Health Effects of Mineral Dusts. Reviews in Mineralogy,Volume 28,
Mineralogical
Society of America, Washington, DC, 584pp.
- Hemenway, D. R., Absher, M.,
Landesman,
M., Trombley, L., and Emerson, R. J. (1986) Differential lung response
following
silicon dioxide polymorph aerosol exposure. In Goldsmith, D. F., Winn, D. M.,
and Shy, C. M. (Eds.) Silica, Silicosis and Cancer. Praeger, New York, NY.
105-116.
- King, E. J., Mohanty, G. P., Harrison, C. V., et al. (1953) The Action of
Different
Forms of Pure Silica on the Lungs of Rats, Br. J. Ind. Med. V19, 9-17.
- Nolan,
R. P., Langer, A. M., Harington, J. S., Oster, G., and Selikoff, I. J. (1981)
Quartz, Hemolysis as Related to its Surface
Functionalities.
- Reiser, K. M.,
and
Last, J. A. (1979) Silicosis and fibrogenesis: Fact and artifact. Toxicology,
13, 51-72.
- Rosner, D., and Markowitz, G. (1991) Deadly dust, silicosis, and
the
politics of occupational disease in twentieth century America, Princeton Univ.
Press. Princeton, NJ. 229pp.
- Ruhl, R., Schmucker, M., and Floerke, O. W.
(1990)
Silikose druch nichtkristalline Kieselsaeure? Arbietsmed. Sozialmed
Praventivmed,
V25, 8-15.
- Saffioti, U. (1986) The pathology induced by silica in relation to
fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. In Goldsmith, D. F., Winn, D. M., and Shy, C.
M. (Eds.) Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer. Praeger, New York, NY. 287-307.
- Sax,
N. I., and Lewis, R. J. (Eds.) (1988) Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials,
7th. Ed., Vol. III. Man Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY., pp 3020-3023.
- Selikoff,
I. J. (1978) Carcinogenic potential of silica compounds. In Benz, G., and
Lindquist,
I. (Eds.) Biochemistry of Silicon and Related Problems. Plenum, NY.
- Shi, X., Dalal,
N. S., Hu, S. N., et al. The Chemical Properties of Silica Particle Surface in
Relation to Silica-Cell Interactions, J. Tox. Env. Health V27, 435-454.
- Vigliani,
E. C., and Motlura, G. (1948) Diatomaceous earth silicosis. Brit. J. Indus.
Med.
V5, 148-350.
|
Miscellaneous
|
- Ball, R. A. (1978) Identification of synthetic opal. Aust. Gemmol. V13,
131-133.
- Ball, R. A. (1977) Natural or synthetic opal? Aust.Gemmol. V13, 104-105.
- Tombs, G. A. (1975) Notes on identification of Gilson synthetic opals.
Aust. Gemmol. V12, 179-180.
|
Regulatory
|
- ACGIH (1984) Threshold limit values
for chemical substances in the work environment adopted by the ACGIH
conference
for 1984-1985. Amer. Conf. Gov’t. and Indust. Hygenists. Cincinnati, OH.
- Branch
of Industrial Minerals (1992) Crystalline silica primer. U. S. Bur. Mines
Special
Publ. 49p.
- IARC (1987) Silica and some silicates. Monogr. 42, International
Agency
for Research on Cancer. Lyon, France. 39-143.
- IARC (1987) Evaluation of the
carcinogenic
risks to silica and some silicates. Monogr. 43. International Agency for
Research
on Cancer. Lyon, France.
- IARC (1987) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the
Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Overall Evaluations of
Carcinogenicity:
An Updating of IARC Monographs 1-42, Supplement 7, World Health Organization,
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, 440pp.
- NIOSH (1974)
Criteria for a Recommended Standard—Occupational exposure to crystalline
silica.
Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute for
Occupational
Safety and Health, Cincinnati OH., ___pp.
- Miles, W. J. (1990) Mining Industry
Responds to Crystalline Silica Regulations, Min. Eng. V42,345-348.
- Miles, W.
J.,
and Harben, P. W. (1991) US Crystalline Silica Regulations—Approaching the
Detection
Limits, Industrial Minerals, V291, 21-22, 25,27.
- Vu, V. T. (1995) Regulatory
approaches
to reduce human health risks associated with exposures to mineral fibers. Rev.
Min. V28, 545-554.
|
|