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| Adiantum species
Maidenhair fern |
Whole plant used as a cough suppressant, diuretic and expectorant. Used externally to treat dandruff and ringworm. |
| Alkanna tinctoria
Alkanet |
Roots are used externally for varicose and indolent ulcers, bed sores and itching rashes. Also used as a red colorant for wood, foods, medicines, and cosmetics. |
| Artemisia absinthium
Wormwood |
Oil of wormwood was an ingredient in absinthe. The name "wormwood" comes from the German Wermut - "preserver of the mind" because it was thought to improve mental functions. Leaves are used to improve digestion and liver function, encourage menstruation, lower fever, and destroy threadworms. Also used in sachets and powders to repel moths and fleas. |
| Borago officinalis
Borage |
Soothes damaged or irritated tissues, increases perspiration, mild sedative and antidepressant effects. Oil lowers blood pressure. |
| Citrus aurantiifolia
Lime |
Fruits are used in marmalade and drinks; leaves used for headaches. |
| Citrus limon
Lemon |
Juice is used to set jam and in drinks. Fruits are used in preserves, marmalades, and pickles. Peel is used for cooking and potpourris. Oil is used as a candy flavoring and scent. Medicinally used for varicose veins, hemorrhoids, kidney stones, sore throats and more. |
| Coriandrum sativum
Coriander |
Leaves, seeds, and roots are used to flavor foods; the oil is utilized in perfumes; and the seeds are used for digestive complaints. |
| Cuminum cyminum
Cumin |
Seeds are used for flavoring; oil is antibacterial and larvicidal. |
| Ficus carica
Edible fig |
Fruits, leaves and sap are used for food, coffee flavoring, constipation, sore throat, and bronchial infections. Leaves used for sore eyes; sap used for corns and warts. |
| Foeniculum vulgare
Fennel |
Leaves and seeds are used in fish and pork dishes, as a tea, and a cooked vegetable. The oil is used in perfumes, food flavorings, toothpaste, soaps and air fresheners. The seeds are used for indigestion and gas. The root is used for urinary disorders. |
| Hedera hellix
English Ivy |
Leaves are used internally for gout, rheumatism, whooping cough and bronchitis and externally for skin rashes, toothaches, burns, warts and more. Excess can be poisonous. |
| Laurus nobilis
Bay laurel |
Leaves are used to flavor sauces, soups, and stews. Also used medicinally for indigestion, colic, flatulence, dandruff, rheumatism, bruises and scabies. Leaves deter weevils and oil flavors condiments, meat products and liqueurs. |
| Prunus armeniaca
Apricot |
Fruits, kernels, and oil are used from this lubricant herb that is an expectorant and controls coughing. Extracted laetril has been used in cancer therapy. Used internally for dry coughs, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and dry constipation. |
| Prunus domestica
Plum |
Dried fruits (prunes) used as a lubricant and laxative. |
| Prunica granatum
Pomegranate |
Root bark, fruit rind, juice, and seeds utilized. This bittersweet, astringent herb destroys intestinal parasites. It is also antiviral and controls diarrhea. Externally used for vaginal discharge, mouth sores, and throat infections. |
| Rosa species
Rose |
Internally used for colds, sore throats, bronchial infections, gastritis, diarrhea, depression, and lethargy. Externally used for eye irritations, minor injuries, and skin problems. |
| Salvia officinalis
Sage |
Used medicinally for indigestion, night sweats, profuse perspiration, anxiety, depression, and menopausal problems. Externally used for insect bites, throat, mouth, gum and skin infections, and vaginal discharge. Sage oil is used as a fixative for perfumes and added to toothpastes and cosmetics. |
| Sanguisorba officinalis
Burnet |
Leaves and roots used internally for diarrhea, dysentery, colitis, hemorrhaging and abnormal uterine bleeding. Externally used for burns, scalds, sores and skin diseases. Leaves are added to salads, vinegars, and tomato juice. |
| Vitis vinifera
Grape |
Leaves, stems, fruits used as an astringent and diuretic that reduces inflammation, inhibits bleeding, improves circulation, and clears toxins. |
| Vitex agnus-castus
Chaste tree |
Regulates hormonal functions, promotes lactation, and relieves spasms and pain. |
Sources:
Brown, Deni. 1995. The Herb Society of America Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London, New York, Stuttgart, Moscow.
Trew, Christoph Jakob. 1985. The Herbal of the Count Palatine. Harrap, London.
Woodward, Marcus. First
Published 1957. Gerard's Herball. Neeraj Publishing
House, Delhi.