Cruise Report: WHP Line P18 (Draft prepared by John Bullister, NOAA-PMEL (Date of this draft: 22 July 1996) Note: The following figures and appendices are included in this file: Fig 1. Station Locations Map for P18 (CGC94) Fig 2a. Salinity Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 2b. Salinity Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 3a. Oxygen (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) -(Preliminary) Fig 3b. Oxygen (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 4a. Phosphate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 4b. Phosphate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 5a. Silicate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 5b. Silicate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 6a. Nitrate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 6b. Nitrate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 7a. CFC-11 (pmol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 7b. CFC-11 (pmol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) Fig 8a. CFC-12 (pmol/kg)Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary) Fig 8b. CFC-12 (pmol/kg)Section along P18 (CGC94 0-1000m (Preliminary) APPENDIX 1. CTD/Rosette Station Locations on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 2. ALACE Float Deployment Locations on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 3. XCTD deployments Locations on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 4. Productivity and Shallow Biological Cast Locations on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 5a. CFC-11 and CFC-12 Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 5b. CFC Air Measurements on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 5c. Replicate CFC-11 measurements on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 5d. Replicate CFC-12 measurements on P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 6a. Oxygen Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 6b Replicate Oxygen Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 7. Bottle Salinity Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) APPENDIX 8. Nutrient Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) Expedition: CGC94 (WOCE section P18) EXPOCODE: 31DICG94/1 31DICG94/2 31DICG94/3 Ship: NOAA Research Vessel DISCOVERER Chief Scientists: Leg 2: Dr. Bruce A. Taft (retired) Dr. John L. Bullister Tel: (206)526-6741 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Leg 3: Dr. Gregory C. Johnson Tel: (206)526-6806 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: gjohnson@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. Richard A. Feely Tel: (206)526-6214 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: feely@pmel.noaa.gov All at: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA-PMEL) 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Leg 1: Transit from Seattle- Punta Arenas Chile 26 January 1994 - 18 February 1994 (Stations 1-7: Not part of P18 section) Leg 2: Punta Arenas- Easter Island 22 February 1994 - 24 March 1994 (Stations 8-87) Leg 3: Easter Island- San Diego 29 March 1994 - 27 April 1994 (Stations 88-194) Cruise Track: The station locations are shown in Fig. 1 and listed in Appendix 1 and in the P18.sum file. Cruise Summary: WOCE Hydrographic Section P18 was completed on the NOAA Ship Discoverer in early 1994 by NOAA and academic researchers measuring a wide suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The P18 section started north from 67oS, 103oW to 10oS, 103oW. From there the section crossed the East Pacific Rise in a northwesterly direction to 5oS, 110o 20'W. The northward course was then resumed to 8oN, 110o 20'W, where slight adjustments in longitude were made to bring the section to 110oW at 10oN. From there a northward course was followed to the final station, in less than 200 m of water off the southern cape of Baja California at 22o 51.2'N, 110oW. Nominal station spacing was 30 nm, reduced to 20 nm from 3oS to 3oN and less from 22o 30'N to the section end. Station spacing was increased to 40 nm from 58o 30' to 48o 30'S, from 10o to 5oS, and from 10o to 14oN, to make up for delays owing to heavy weather and winch level-wind problems. A total of 185 full-water column CTD/O2 stations were made along the section (Fig. 1). Of these, 158 stations were made with a 36-position, 10-liter bottle frame with a lowered ADCP and a transmissometer. The other 27 stations were made using a 24-position, 4-liter bottle frame, which was deployed primarily during heavy weather. A Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD was mounted in each frame. In addition to the set of temperature and conductivity sensors resident on each CTD, a mobile set of temperature and conductivity sensors with a dissolved oxygen sensor was always mounted on the CTD in use. This arrangement allowed redundant temperature and conductivity measurements for quality control and continuity of temperature and conductivity measurements while keeping each CTD mounted in its own frame. Water samples were collected at every station for analyses of salt, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved nutrients (silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate). Samples were drawn at selected locations for analysis of CFC-11, CFC-12, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH, pCO2, 3He, tritium, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, and other variables. Daily shallow casts were made for assessment of various biological parameters, including productivity. A total of 25 ALACE floats were deployed during the cruise, 6 in the Southern Ocean during the transit to the start of the section, and 19 along the section (including 1 CTD ALACE). A total of 19 XCTDs were successfully launched between CTD stations from 1oN to 9o 30'N. Underway measurements included pH, pCO2, nitrate and chlorophyll. Sampling accomplished: 194 Stations were completed, including 9 on the transit to the start of the P18 section (Sta 1-9) Approximately number of water samples analysed: 6147 salinity 6042 oxygen 5999 nutrients 2960 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 3147 Total CO2 2998 pCO2 4365 pH 1006 DOC 314 DON Approximate number of water samples collected for shore-based analysis: 1002 helium-3 587 tritium 938 AMS radiocarbon (C-14) and C-13 Figs. 2-8 show preliminary sections of bottle salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, CFC-11, CFC-12. These preliminary sections only utilize values listed in the P18.sea file which are flagged as "good" (flags 2 or 6) and where the btlnbr flag is also 2. Lowered ADCP profiles were obtained at about 158 stations using a rosette mounted lowered ADCP instrument. Continous underway ADCP measurements were made along the cruise track. Measurents of surface-layer dissolved gases and atmospheric trace gases including nitrous oxide and halocarbons) were made along the transit leg (Leg 1). These results have been presented in the technical report: Lobert, J.M.., J.H. Butler, L.S. Geller, S.A. Yvon, S.A. Montzka, R.C. Myers, A.D. Clarke, and J.W. Elkins. BLAST94: Bromine Latitudinal Air/Sea Transect 1994 report on oceanic measurements on methyl bromide and other compounds. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL CMDL-10, 39 pp. (1996). Participating Institutions: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meterological Laboratory (AOML) NOAA Climate Modelling and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of Hawaii (UH) University of Miami (UM) University of South Florida (USF) University of Washington (UW) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) The following measurements were made (with Associated P.I.): CTD Bruce Taft/Greg Johnson- PMEL Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): John Bullister- PMEL C-14 (AMS radiocarbon), C-13: Paul Quay- UW Nutrients: Kathy Krogslund- UW/Calvin Mordy PMEL Dissolved Oxygen: John Bullister- PMEL Helium/tritium: Bill Jenkins- WHOI CO2 (alkalinity): Frank Millero- UM Total CO2 (coulometry), pCO2 Dick Feely- PMEL/Rik Wanninkhof-AOML pH Robert Byrne- USF ADCP: Peter Hacker/Eric Firing- U Hawaii ALACE Float deployment: Russ Davis- SIO Underway atmospheric/surface halocarbons; nitrous oxide: Jim Butler- NOAA-CMDL Productivity Francisco Chavez- MBARI Bathymetry: Ship personnel Underway thermosalinograph: Ship personnel Addresses of PIs: Dr. John L. Bullister NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Tel: (206)526-6741 FAX: (206)526-6744 Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. James Butler NOAA-CMDL 325 Broadway R/E/CG1 Boulder, CO 80303 Telephone : 303-497-6898 Internet : butler@cmdl1.cmdl.erl.gov Dr. Robert Byrne Marine Science Department University of South Florida 140 7th Ave. South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Telephone : 813-893-9508 Internet : byrne@msl1.marine.usf.edu Dr. Francisco Chavez MBARI 160 Central Ave Pacific Grove, CA 93950 Telephone : 408-647-3700 Internet : chfr@mbari.org Dr. Russ Davis SIO-UCSD MC 8030 La Jolla, CA 92093 Telephone : 619-534-4415 Internet : davis@nemo.ucsd.edu Dr. Richard A. Feely NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Tel: : (206)526-6214 FAX: : (206)526-6744 Internet: : feely@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. Eric Firing JIMAR University of Hawaii 1000 Pope Road Honolulu, HI 96822 Telephone : 808-734-8621 Internet : efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu Dr. William Jenkins Department of Chemistry WHOI Clark 4 Woods Hole, MA Telephone : 617-548-14000 ext: 2554 Internet : wjj@burford.whoi.edu Dr. Gregory C. Johnson NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Tel: : (206)526-6806 FAX: : (206)526-6744 Internet: : gjohnson@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. Frank Millero University of Miami RSMAS 4600 Rickenbacher Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Telephone : 305-361-4707 Internet : millero@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu Dr. Calvin Mordy NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA Tel: : (206)526-6870 FAX: : (206)526-6744 Internet: : mordy@pmel.noaa.gov Dr. Paul Quay University of Washington School of Oceanography WB-10 Seattle, WA 98195 Telephone : 206-685-6081 Internet : pdquay@u.washington.edu Dr, Rik Wanninkhof AOML 430 1Rickenbacher Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Telephone : 305-361-4379 Internet : wanninkhof@ocean.aoml.noaa.gov Dr. Bruce A. Taft (retired) NOAA-PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 USA ^L Discussion: Problems: Some time was lost on the southern end of leg 2 due to weather. We encountered a number of problems with the level-wind mechanism on the winch, which led to bad wraps on the drum. A number of attempts were made to re-tension the wire on the drum at sea by removing the CTD/rosette package, attaching a weight to the wire, and spooling the full length of the wire (except the last full wrap on the drum) out behind the ship while underway. These problems persisted throughout the cruise, and resulted in slower than anticipated average winch speeds and some loss of time. Some time was lost on station due to conducting cable and wire termination problems. Participating Scientists: CGC94 (P18) Cruise Program Inst. Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Chief Sci/ PMEL *J.Bullister M B.Taft M G.Johnson M Co-Chief Sci PMEL *G.Johnson M J.Bullister M R.Feely M CTD PMEL *K.McTaggart F K.McTaggart F K.McTaggart F SeaBird N.Larsen M CFC PMEL *D.Wisegarver M D.Wisegarver M D.Wisegarver M PMEL C.Beegle F K.Hargreaves M Salinity AOML G.Thomas M G.Thomas M Helium/trit WHOI J.Curtice M S.Birdwhistell M Oxygen PMEL *K.Hargreaves M K.Hargreaves M K.Jones M Nutrients UW K.Krogslund F K.Krogslund F UW C.Mordy M C.Mordy M ADCP UH C.Huhta M R.Lumpkin M Trace gases CMDL J.Lobert M CMDL M.Nowick M CMDL L.Geller F CMDL *J.Butler M CMDL *S.Montzka M Productiv. MBARI K.Buck M K.Buck M G.Morris M R.Kudela M T.Hayden M DOC Miami D.Hansell M R.Kelly F Alkalinity Miami J.Zhang M E.Peltola M S.Olivella F M.DeAlessi M B.Vargas M M.Roche F Underway pH SIO A.Dickson M pH USF R.Byrne M H.Zhang F USF R.Bernstein F S.McElligott M USF H.Zhang F F.Stengard M pCO2 PMEL D.Greeley M D.Greeley M PMEL K.Jones M C.Cosca F M.Steckley M TCO2 PMEL *M.Roberts F K.Jones M M.Roberts F PMEL T.Lantry M T.Lantry M C-13/C-14 UW J.Green M L.Housel F Vents CIMRS *L.Evans M Vents PMEL *D.Taylor M Vents *V.Anderson M CTD PMEL *H.Milburn Foreign Obs. Chile D.Gutierrez-Besa M Foreign Obs. Mexico D.Lopez-Veneroni M Foreign Obs. Mexico H.Perez-Ortiz M Electronics Technician: J.Payseur J.Payseur S.Macri * Disembarked in San Francisco on Leg 1 APPENDIX 1. CTD/Rosette Station Locations on P18 (CGC94) CGC94 LEG1: STATION NUMBER Latitude Longitude Date 1 47 43.4 N 122 24.6 W 26 Jan 94 2 44 14.1 N 129 40.5 W 28 Jan 94 3 44 12.0 N 129 43.0 W 28 Jan 94 4 44 16.6 N 129 44.9 W 28 Jan 94 5 44 09.8 N 129 44.9 W 28 Jan 94 6 44 12.3 N 129 37.3 W 29 Jan 94 7 44 18.0 N 129 35.3 W 29 Jan 94 CGC94 LEG2: STATION NUMBER Latitude Longitude Date 8 53 22.9 S 076 22.0 W 23 Feb 94 9 61 13.2 S 090 10.9 W 25 Feb 94 10 66 59.7 S 103 00.4 W 27 Feb 94 11 66 29.8 S 103 00.6 W 28 Feb 94 12 66 00.0 S 102 59.8 W 28 Feb 94 13 65 30.0 S 102 60.0 W 28 Feb 94 14 65 00.0 S 102 59.4 W 28 Feb 94 15 64 29.9 S 102 59.2 W 1 Mar 94 16 63 59.3 S 102 59.2 W 1 Mar 94 17 63 30.0 S 102 59.6 W 2 Mar 94 18 63 00.0 S 102 58.0 W 2 Mar 94 19 62 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 2 Mar 94 20 61 59.9 S 103 00.1 W 2 Mar 94 21 61 27.0 S 102 59.0 W 3 Mar 94 22 61 01.0 S 103 00.0 W 3 Mar 94 23 60 30.9 S 102 57.1 W 3 Mar 94 24 60 00.0 S 103 06.4 W 4 Mar 94 25 59 31.6 S 103 01.0 W 4 Mar 94 26 58 59.8 S 103 01.2 W 4 Mar 94 27 58 30.5 S 102 59.3 W 5 Mar 94 28 57 49.1 S 103 00.1 W 5 Mar 94 29 57 10.3 S 103 00.1 W 6 Mar 94 30 56 31.6 S 103 04.0 W 7 Mar 94 31 55 49.6 S 102 59.4 W 7 Mar 94 32 55 10.0 S 103 00.0 W 8 Mar 94 33 54 30.1 S 103 00.1 W 8 Mar 94 34 53 50.0 S 102 59.9 W 8 Mar 94 35 53 10.0 S 103 03.0 W 9 Mar 94 36 52 30.2 S 103 00.6 W 9 Mar 94 37 51 50.0 S 103 00.1 W 9 Mar 94 38 51 10.0 S 103 00.0 W 10 Mar 94 39 50 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 10 Mar 94 40 49 50.0 S 102 60.0 W 10 Mar 94 41 49 09.8 S 103 00.2 W 11 Mar 94 42 48 29.0 S 103 00.0 W 11 Mar 94 43 47 59.8 S 103 00.4 W 11 Mar 94 44 47 30.0 S 103 00.1 W 11 Mar 94 45 46 59.9 S 102 59.9 W 12 Mar 94 46 46 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 12 Mar 94 47 45 59.6 S 102 60.0 W 12 Mar 94 48 45 28.9 S 102 58.3 W 12 Mar 94 49 45 00.5 S 102 59.6 W 13 Mar 94 50 44 29.0 S 103 00.0 W 13 Mar 94 51 43 59.1 S 102 59.8 W 13 Mar 94 52 43 30.0 S 103 00.8 W 13 Mar 94 53 43 00.2 S 102 59.9 W 14 Mar 94 54 42 29.0 S 103 00.0 W 14 Mar 94 55 42 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 14 Mar 94 56 41 29.6 S 102 59.5 W 15 Mar 94 57 41 01.0 S 103 00.0 W 15 Mar 94 58 40 30.2 S 102 59.2 W 15 Mar 94 59 40 00.2 S 102 58.8 W 15 Mar 94 60 39 29.9 S 102 59.9 W 16 Mar 94 61 39 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 16 Mar 94 62 38 30.3 S 102 59.8 W 16 Mar 94 63 37 59.9 S 102 59.9 W 16 Mar 94 64 37 29.9 S 102 59.0 W 17 Mar 94 65 37 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 17 Mar 94 66 36 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 17 Mar 94 67 35 59.6 S 102 59.5 W 17 Mar 94 68 35 30.0 S 102 59.9 W 18 Mar 94 69 35 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 18 Mar 94 70 34 31.0 S 103 00.0 W 18 Mar 94 71 34 00.4 S 103 00.1 W 18 Mar 94 72 33 29.7 S 102 59.9 W 19 Mar 94 73 33 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 19 Mar 94 74 32 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 19 Mar 94 75 31 59.8 S 102 58.8 W 19 Mar 94 76 31 29.5 S 103 00.0 W 20 Mar 94 77 31 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 20 Mar 94 78 30 30.3 S 103 00.0 W 20 Mar 94 79 30 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 21 Mar 94 80 29 29.0 S 103 00.0 W 21 Mar 94 81 29 00.1 S 103 00.8 W 21 Mar 94 82 28 29.7 S 102 59.8 W 22 Mar 94 83 28 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 22 Mar 94 84 27 30.1 S 103 01.1 W 22 Mar 94 85 26 55.2 S 103 00.6 W 22 Mar 94 86 26 29.7 S 103 00.0 W 23 Mar 94 87 26 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 23 Mar 94 CGC94 LEG3: STATION NUMBER Latitude Longitude Date 88 25 29.9 S 103 00.0 W 29 Mar 94 89 24 59.3 S 103 00.0 W 29 Mar 94 90 24 30.1 S 102 59.8 W 29 Mar 94 91 23 59.9 S 103 00.1 W 29 Mar 94 92 23 29.7 S 102 59.7 W 30 Mar 94 93 23 00.1 S 102 59.8 W 30 Mar 94 94 22 29.9 S 102 59.9 W 30 Mar 94 95 21 59.6 S 102 59.4 W 30 Mar 94 96 21 30.0 S 102 59.9 W 31 Mar 94 97 20 59.9 S 103 00.1 W 31 Mar 94 98 20 30.1 S 103 00.0 W 31 Mar 94 99 20 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 1 Apr 94 100 19 30.1 S 102 59.5 W 1 Apr 94 101 19 00.0 S 103 00.1 W 1 Apr 94 102 18 29.7 S 103 00.1 W 2 Apr 94 103 17 59.9 S 103 00.2 W 2 Apr 94 104 17 30.0 S 103 00.4 W 2 Apr 94 105 16 59.9 S 102 59.7 W 2 Apr 94 106 16 29.9 S 102 59.9 W 3 Apr 94 107 16 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 3 Apr 94 108 15 30.1 S 103 00.0 W 3 Apr 94 109 14 60.0 S 102 60.0 W 3 Apr 94 110 14 30.2 S 102 59.3 W 4 Apr 94 111 14 00.0 S 102 59.7 W 4 Apr 94 112 13 30.0 S 103 00.2 W 4 Apr 94 113 13 00.6 S 103 00.5 W 5 Apr 94 114 12 30.1 S 103 00.1 W 5 Apr 94 115 12 00.1 S 103 00.1 W 5 Apr 94 116 11 30.3 S 103 00.0 W 5 Apr 94 117 11 00.0 S 103 00.8 W 6 Apr 94 118 10 30.4 S 103 00.1 W 6 Apr 94 119 10 00.2 S 102 60.0 W 6 Apr 94 120 09 37.1 S 103 34.0 W 6 Apr 94 121 09 14.1 S 104 08.1 W 7 Apr 94 122 08 51.2 S 104 41.7 W 7 Apr 94 123 08 27.8 S 105 15.6 W 7 Apr 94 124 08 04.7 S 105 49.7 W 8 Apr 94 125 07 42.0 S 106 23.0 W 8 Apr 94 126 07 18.7 S 106 56.6 W 8 Apr 94 127 06 56.4 S 107 30.7 W 9 Apr 94 128 06 33.7 S 108 04.4 W 9 Apr 94 129 06 09.3 S 108 38.5 W 9 Apr 94 130 05 46.4 S 109 12.2 W 9 Apr 94 131 05 23.5 S 109 46.0 W 10 Apr 94 132 05 00.1 S 110 20.1 W 10 Apr 94 133 04 29.7 S 110 19.6 W 10 Apr 94 134 04 00.2 S 110 19.7 W 10 Apr 94 135 03 29.9 S 110 20.0 W 11 Apr 94 136 03 00.0 S 110 20.0 W 11 Apr 94 137 02 40.0 S 110 19.9 W 11 Apr 94 138 02 20.0 S 110 20.1 W 11 Apr 94 139 02 00.7 S 110 20.4 W 12 Apr 94 140 01 40.0 S 110 19.9 W 12 Apr 94 141 01 20.0 S 110 20.1 W 12 Apr 94 142 01 00.1 S 110 19.7 W 13 Apr 94 143 00 41.0 S 110 20.0 W 14 Apr 94 144 00 20.1 S 110 19.6 W 14 Apr 94 145 00 00.0 S 110 20.0 W 13 Apr 94 146 00 20.1 N 110 20.0 W 14 Apr 94 147 00 39.9 N 110 20.2 W 14 Apr 94 148 01 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 14 Apr 94 149 01 20.0 N 110 20.0 W 14 Apr 94 150 01 40.6 N 110 20.2 W 15 Apr 94 151 02 00.0 N 110 20.1 W 15 Apr 94 152 02 20.0 N 110 20.0 W 15 Apr 94 153 02 40.0 N 110 20.0 W 15 Apr 94 154 03 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 15 Apr 94 155 03 30.0 N 110 20.0 W 16 Apr 94 156 04 00.1 N 110 20.1 W 16 Apr 94 157 04 30.0 N 110 20.0 W 16 Apr 94 158 04 59.7 N 110 20.1 W 17 Apr 94 159 05 30.0 N 110 20.1 W 17 Apr 94 160 06 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 17 Apr 94 161 06 29.9 N 110 20.0 W 17 Apr 94 162 07 00.0 N 110 20.4 W 18 Apr 94 163 07 29.9 N 110 20.1 W 18 Apr 94 164 07 59.9 N 110 20.2 W 18 Apr 94 165 08 30.1 N 110 15.1 W 18 Apr 94 166 09 00.1 N 110 10.0 W 19 Apr 94 167 09 30.1 N 110 05.2 W 19 Apr 94 168 10 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 19 Apr 94 169 10 40.0 N 109 60.0 W 20 Apr 94 170 11 20.0 N 110 00.0 W 20 Apr 94 171 12 00.1 N 110 00.0 W 20 Apr 94 172 12 40.0 N 110 00.0 W 20 Apr 94 173 13 20.0 N 109 59.7 W 21 Apr 94 174 14 00.1 N 109 59.9 W 21 Apr 94 175 14 29.9 N 109 59.9 W 21 Apr 94 176 15 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 21 Apr 94 177 15 29.9 N 109 59.7 W 22 Apr 94 178 16 00.1 N 110 00.0 W 22 Apr 94 179 16 30.0 N 110 00.1 W 22 Apr 94 180 17 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 22 Apr 94 181 17 30.1 N 109 59.8 W 23 Apr 94 182 17 59.9 N 110 00.0 W 23 Apr 94 183 18 30.0 N 110 00.0 W 23 Apr 94 184 19 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 23 Apr 94 185 19 30.0 N 109 59.9 W 24 Apr 94 186 20 00.1 N 109 59.9 W 24 Apr 94 187 20 29.9 N 110 00.0 W 24 Apr 94 188 21 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 24 Apr 94 189 21 29.9 N 110 00.1 W 24 Apr 94 190 21 59.9 N 110 00.0 W 25 Apr 94 191 22 29.8 N 109 59.7 W 25 Apr 94 192 22 43.9 N 110 00.4 W 25 Apr 94 193 22 47.9 N 110 00.3 W 25 Apr 94 194 22 51.1 N 109 59.9 W 25 Apr 94 APPENDIX 2. ALACE Float Deployment Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format) 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022494 0756 DE 55 50.17 S 80 22.34 W GPS 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022494 1636 DE 56 39.64 S 81 46.87 W GPS 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022494 2130 DE 57 30.02 S 83 17.12 W GPS 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022594 0228 DE 58 19.87 S 84 45.79 W GPS 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022594 0725 DE 59 09.26 S 86 18.96 W GPS 31DICG94/2 1 FLT 022594 1210 DE 59 59.90 S 87 51.50 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 030894 1025 DE 55 10.40 S 103 01.09 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 031094 2028 DE 49 49.28 S 103 00.10 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 031394 0637 DE 44 58.99 S 103 00.25 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 031594 0117 DE 40 00.99 S 103 00.55 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 031894 1200 DE 35 00.40 S 103 00.74 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 1 FLT 032094 0739 DE 30 00.15 S 103 01.53 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 032994 1341 DE 25 00.24 S 103 00.05 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 033194 2011 DE 20 29.51 S 102 59.98 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 040494 0005 DE 14 59.70 S 103 00.01 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 040694 1917 DE 9 59.76 S 103 00.70 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 040994 1441 DE 6 09.09 S 108 38.61 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041094 2307 DE 3 59.28 S 110 19.78 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041294 1838 DE 1 20.27 S 110 19.94 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041494 1443 DE 1 00.38 N 110 19.96 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041694 1431 DE 3 59.69 N 110 19.93 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041794 1731 DE 5 59.90 N 110 20.30 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 041994 1956 DE 10 00.78 S 110 00.19 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 042194 1819 DE 14 29.77 S 110 00.03 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 1 FLT 042394 2246 DE 18 59.93 S 109 59.80 W GPS APPENDIX 3. XCTD deployments Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format) 31DICG94/1 XCTD 012994 0355 DE 44 12.97 N 129 37.08 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 XCTD 030294 1916 DE 62 27.85 S 102 58.45 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 XCTD 030394 0941 DE 61 25.90 S 102 58.90 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 XCTD 031094 0556 DE 51 09.50 S 103 00.60 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041494 1540 DE 1 10.01 N 110 19.87 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041494 2208 DE 1 30.10 N 110 19.60 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041594 0340 DE 1 50.30 N 110 19.70 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041594 0933 DE 2 10.10 N 110 20.00 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041594 1455 DE 2 30.00 N 110 19.80 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041594 2116 DE 2 50.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041694 0250 DE 3 15.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041694 0942 DE 3 45.00 N 110 19.40 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041694 1546 DE 4 15.00 N 110 19.80 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041694 2313 DE 4 45.00 N 110 20.00 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041794 0536 DE 5 16.28 N 110 19.77 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041794 1227 DE 5 45.00 N 110 20.00 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041794 1845 DE 6 15.03 N 110 20.46 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041894 0038 DE 6 45.00 N 110 20.60 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041894 0659 DE 7 15.00 N 110 20.61 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041894 1307 DE 7 45.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041894 2011 DE 8 15.00 N 110 17.74 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041894 0159 DE 8 45.10 N 110 12.50 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 XCTD 041994 0822 DE 9 15.00 N 110 07.60 W GPS APPENDIX 4. Productivity and Shallow Biological Cast Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format) 31DICG94/2 8 2 BIO 022394 1824 EN 53 23.88 S 76 21.54 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 1 BIO 022594 1910 BE 61 12.44 S 90 11.49 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 1 BIO 022594 1913 BO 61 12.52 S 90 11.45 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 1 BIO 022594 1916 EN 61 12.52 S 90 11.45 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 2 BIO 022594 1920 BE 61 12.55 S 90 11.43 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 2 BIO 022594 1932 BO 61 12.71 S 90 11.29 W GPS 31DICG94/2 9 2 BIO 022594 1940 EN 61 12.83 S 90 10.93 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 1 BIO 022794 1407 BE 67 00.02 S 102 59.46 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 1 BIO 022794 1416 BO 67 00.01 S 102 59.21 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 1 BIO 022794 1420 EN 66 59.98 S 102 59.13 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 2 BIO 022794 1424 BE 67 00.00 S 102 59.00 W GPS SECHI? 31DICG94/2 P18 10 2 BIO 022794 1429 MR 67 00.01 S 102 59.00 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 2 BIO 022794 1442 MR 67 00.06 S 102 59.01 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 10 2 BIO 022794 1451 EN 67 00.11 S 102 59.00 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 13 2 BIO 022894 1819 BE 65 30.27 S 102 59.91 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 13 2 BIO 022894 1859 BO 65 31.33 S 102 59.27 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 13 2 BIO 022894 1914 EN 65 31.38 S 102 59.28 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 14 2 BIO 030194 0223 BE 65 00.24 S 103 00.39 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 14 2 BIO 030194 0235 EN 65 00.39 S 103 00.56 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 2 BIO 030194 1710 BE 63 57.71 S 103 02.14 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 2 BIO 030194 1716 BO 63 57.71 S 103 02.15 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 2 BIO 030194 1719 EN 63 57.67 S 103 02.29 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 3 BIO 030194 1735 BE 63 57.39 S 103 02.35 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 3 BIO 030194 1747 BO 63 57.19 S 103 02.78 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 16 3 BIO 030194 1753 EN 63 57.17 S 103 02.67 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 19 2 BIO 030294 1822 BE 62 29.22 S 102 59.05 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 19 2 BIO 030294 1829 BO 62 29.23 S 102 58.99 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 19 2 BIO 030294 1858 EN 62 29.88 S 102 58.88 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 1 BIO 030394 1843 BE 60 29.57 S 103 00.22 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 1 BIO 030394 1850 BO 60 29.65 S 102 59.92 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 1 BIO 030394 1853 EN 60 29.70 S 102 59.86 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 2 BIO 030394 1859 BE 60 29.78 S 102 59.60 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 2 BIO 030394 1912 BO 60 29.96 S 102 59.21 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 23 2 BIO 030394 1920 EN 60 30.07 S 102 58.96 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 26 1 BIO 030494 1732 BE 58 59.20 S 102 59.95 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 26 1 BIO 030494 1747 BO 58 59.30 S 102 59.60 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 26 1 BIO 030494 1800 EN 58 59.40 S 102 59.20 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 27 2 BIO 030594 1546 BE 58 30.45 S 102 59.03 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 27 2 BIO 030594 1555 EN 58 30.36 S 102 59.89 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 27 3 BIO 030594 1604 BE 58 30.31 S 102 58.63 W GPS SECHI 31DICG94/2 P18 27 3 BIO 030594 1635 EN 58 29.91 S 102 57.86 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 28 2 BIO 030694 0033 BE 57 50.93 S 103 02.65 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 28 2 BIO 030694 0038 MR 57 50.91 S 103 02.72 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 28 2 BIO 030694 0044 EN 57 50.82 S 103 03.04 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 33 1 BIO 030894 1401 BE 54 29.63 S 102 59.47 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 33 1 BIO 030894 1426 EN 54 29.68 S 102 58.81 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 33 3 BIO 030894 1840 BE 54 29.97 S 102 59.97 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 33 3 BIO 030894 1843 BO 54 29.97 S 102 59.95 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 33 3 BIO 030894 1847 EN 54 29.92 S 102 59.93 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 36 2 BIO 030994 1516 BE 52 29.86 S 103 00.49 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 36 2 BIO 030994 1529 BO 52 29.90 S 103 00.23 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 36 2 BIO 030994 1540 EN 52 29.95 S 103 00.15 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 37 1 BIO 030994 1827 BE 51 49.63 S 102 59.38 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 37 1 BIO 030994 1838 BO 51 49.51 S 102 59.19 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 37 1 BIO 030994 1842 EN 51 49.49 S 102 59.14 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 38 1 BIO 031094 0047 BE 51 10.24 S 102 59.55 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 38 1 BIO 031094 0055 EN 51 10.24 S 102 59.46 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 40 1 BIO 031094 1537 BE 49 50.03 S 102 59.90 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 40 1 BIO 031094 1545 EN 49 50.05 S 102 59.87 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 40 2 BIO 031094 1605 BE 49 50.14 S 102 59.75 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 40 2 BIO 031094 1620 BO 49 50.20 S 102 59.71 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 40 2 BIO 031094 1629 EN 49 50.21 S 102 59.70 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 43 2 BIO 031194 1530 BE 47 59.82 S 103 00.90 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 43 2 BIO 031194 1538 EN 47 59.84 S 103 01.04 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 43 3 BIO 031194 1544 BE 47 59.88 S 103 01.15 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 43 3 BIO 031194 1601 EN 48 00.02 S 103 01.37 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 47 2 BIO 031294 1516 BE 45 59.26 S 102 59.38 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 47 2 BIO 031294 1537 EN 45 59.26 S 102 59.69 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 1 BIO 031394 1521 BE 44 00.30 S 102 59.82 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 1 BIO 031394 1529 EN 44 00.23 S 102 59.85 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 2 BIO 031394 1533 BE 44 00.22 S 102 59.86 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 2 BIO 031394 1615 EN 44 00.19 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 4 BIO 031394 1925 BE 43 57.49 S 102 59.78 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 4 BIO 031394 1937 BO 43 57.40 S 102 59.95 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 51 4 BIO 031394 1949 EN 43 57.31 S 103 00.14 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 55 1 BIO 031494 1609 BE 42 00.18 S 103 00.09 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 55 1 BIO 031494 1616 EN 42 00.15 S 103 00.16 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 55 2 BIO 031494 1621 BE 42 00.12 S 103 00.21 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 55 2 BIO 031494 1648 EN 42 00.12 S 103 00.52 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 56 1 BIO 031494 2359 BE 41 30.78 S 103 00.02 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 56 1 BIO 031594 0007 BO 41 30.86 S 103 00.03 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 56 1 BIO 031594 0014 EN 41 30.90 S 103 00.08 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 58 1 BIO 031594 1553 BE 40 30.07 S 103 00.05 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 58 1 BIO 031594 1602 EN 40 30.15 S 103 00.05 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 58 2 BIO 031594 1609 BE 40 30.20 S 103 00.00 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 58 2 BIO 031594 1639 EN 40 30.38 S 102 59.61 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 62 1 BIO 031694 1505 BE 38 29.99 S 102 59.95 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 62 1 BIO 031694 1524 EN 38 30.15 S 102 59.96 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 62 2 BIO 031694 1534 BE 38 30.19 S 102 59.97 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 62 2 BIO 031694 1557 EN 38 30.44 S 102 59.89 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 66 1 BIO 031794 1538 BE 36 29.92 S 102 59.74 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 66 1 BIO 031794 1558 EN 36 29.97 S 102 59.73 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 2 BIO 031794 1742 BE 34 30.25 S 102 59.01 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 2 BIO 031894 1745 BO 34 30.30 S 102 59.10 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 2 BIO 031794 1749 EN 34 30.33 S 102 59.05 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 3 BIO 031794 1757 BE 34 30.33 S 102 59.02 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 3 BIO 031894 1814 BO 34 30.33 S 102 59.02 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 70 3 BIO 031794 1824 EN 34 30.46 S 102 58.94 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 74 2 BIO 031994 1607 BE 32 30.10 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 74 2 BIO 031994 1615 EN 32 30.09 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 74 3 BIO 031994 1622 BE 32 30.11 S 103 00.19 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 74 3 BIO 031994 1650 EN 32 30.05 S 103 00.09 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 78 2 BIO 032094 1546 BE 30 29.17 S 103 00.39 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 78 2 BIO 032094 1618 EN 30 29.15 S 103 00.60 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 81 1 BIO 032194 1604 BE 28 59.98 S 102 59.80 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 81 1 BIO 032194 1612 EN 28 59.92 S 102 59.83 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 81 2 BIO 032194 1618 BE 28 59.82 S 102 59.83 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 81 2 BIO 032194 1652 EN 28 59.58 S 102 59.91 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 84 2 BIO 032294 1610 BE 27 30.04 S 103 03.67 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 84 2 BIO 032294 1623 EN 27 29.87 S 103 03.85 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 84 3 BIO 032294 1631 BE 27 29.81 S 103 03.91 W GPS 31DICG94/2 P18 84 3 BIO 032294 1709 EN 27 29.38 S 103 04.32 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 90 1 BIO 032994 1557 BE 24 29.72 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 90 1 BIO 032994 1607 EN 24 29.64 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 90 2 BIO 032994 1612 BE 24 29.59 S 103 00.17 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 90 2 BIO 032994 1643 EN 24 29.29 S 103 00.23 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 94 1 BIO 033094 1507 BE 22 29.92 S 103 00.08 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 94 1 BIO 033094 1516 EN 22 29.89 S 103 00.11 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 94 2 BIO 033094 1519 BE 22 29.88 S 103 00.12 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 94 2 BIO 033094 1546 EN 22 29.74 S 103 00.14 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 98 1 BIO 033194 1548 BE 20 30.19 S 102 59.04 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 98 1 BIO 033194 1551 EN 20 30.16 S 102 59.04 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 98 2 BIO 033194 1615 BE 20 30.17 S 102 59.02 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 98 2 BIO 033194 1625 EN 20 30.10 S 102 58.92 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 101 1 BIO 040194 1827 BE 18 53.70 S 103 08.66 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 101 1 BIO 040194 1836 EN 18 53.68 S 103 08.64 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 101 2 BIO 040194 1843 BE 18 53.65 S 103 08.63 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 101 2 BIO 040194 1919 EN 18 53.68 S 103 08.50 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 104 2 BIO 040294 1729 BE 17 29.78 S 103 00.15 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 104 2 BIO 040294 1758 EN 17 29.74 S 103 00.11 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 104 3 BIO 040294 1805 BE 17 29.82 S 103 00.13 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 104 3 BIO 040294 1813 EN 17 29.84 S 103 00.17 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 108 2 BIO 040394 1743 BE 15 30.03 S 102 59.89 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 108 2 BIO 040394 1812 EN 15 30.02 S 102 59.83 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 112 2 BIO 040494 1838 BE 13 30.19 S 103 00.50 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 112 2 BIO 040494 1849 EN 13 30.14 S 103 00.61 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 112 3 BIO 040494 1853 BE 13 30.08 S 103 00.72 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 112 3 BIO 040494 1919 EN 13 29.86 S 103 01.19 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 115 2 BIO 040594 1618 BE 11 59.79 S 103 00.38 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 115 2 BIO 040594 1624 EN 11 59.80 S 103 00.44 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 115 3 BIO 040594 1627 BE 11 59.78 S 103 00.48 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 115 3 BIO 040594 1650 EN 11 59.80 S 103 00.66 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 119 2 BIO 040694 1836 BE 9 59.94 S 103 00.21 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 119 2 BIO 040694 1848 EN 9 59.94 S 103 00.27 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 119 3 BIO 040694 1852 BE 9 59.95 S 103 00.32 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 119 3 BIO 040694 1915 EN 9 59.83 S 103 00.61 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 122 2 BIO 040794 1729 BE 8 51.63 S 104 41.64 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 122 2 BIO 040794 1747 EN 8 51.49 S 104 41.67 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 123 1 BIO 040794 2048 BE 8 27.66 S 105 15.50 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 123 1 BIO 040794 2056 EN 8 27.69 S 105 15.55 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 126 1 BIO 040894 1530 BE 7 18.64 S 106 56.98 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 126 1 BIO 040894 1600 EN 7 18.75 S 106 57.36 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 130 1 BIO 040994 1735 BE 5 46.32 S 109 12.38 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 130 1 BIO 040994 1745 EN 5 46.38 S 109 12.41 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 130 2 BIO 040994 1749 BE 5 46.42 S 109 12.45 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 130 2 BIO 040994 1817 EN 5 46.54 S 109 12.66 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 133 2 BIO 041094 1649 BE 4 29.53 S 110 20.25 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 133 2 BIO 041094 1659 EN 4 29.42 S 110 20.19 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 133 3 BIO 041094 1708 BE 4 29.40 S 110 20.20 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 133 3 BIO 041094 1726 EN 4 28.90 S 110 20.29 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 137 2 BIO 041194 1556 BE 2 39.92 S 110 19.57 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 137 2 BIO 041194 1603 EN 2 39.91 S 110 19.58 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 137 3 BIO 041194 1607 BE 2 39.90 S 110 19.62 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 137 3 BIO 041194 1628 EN 2 39.78 S 110 10.60 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 141 2 BIO 041294 1752 BE 1 20.12 S 110 19.94 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 141 2 BIO 041294 1800 EN 1 20.16 S 110 19.95 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 141 3 BIO 041294 1804 BE 1 20.82 S 110 19.86 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 141 3 BIO 041294 1833 EN 1 20.24 S 110 19.87 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 145 1 BIO 041394 1730 BE 0 00.08 S 110 19.93 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 145 1 BIO 041394 1737 EN 0 00.18 S 110 19.93 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 145 2 BIO 041394 1742 BE 0 00.20 S 110 19.97 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 145 2 BIO 041394 1802 EN 0 00.34 S 110 19.91 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 149 1 BIO 041494 1635 BE 1 20.01 N 110 20.05 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 149 1 BIO 041494 1657 EN 1 19.98 N 110 19.97 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 153 1 BIO 041594 1552 BE 2 40.10 N 110 20.13 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 153 1 BIO 041594 1600 EN 2 40.16 N 110 20.27 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 153 2 BIO 041594 1605 BE 2 40.20 N 110 20.34 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 153 2 BIO 041594 1626 EN 2 40.35 N 110 20.59 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 157 1 BIO 041694 1705 BE 4 30.14 N 110 20.16 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 157 1 BIO 041694 1711 EN 4 30.11 N 110 20.14 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 157 2 BIO 041694 1715 BE 4 30.08 N 110 20.13 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 157 2 BIO 041694 1740 EN 4 30.10 N 110 20.29 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 160 2 BIO 041794 1656 BE 5 59.96 N 110 20.09 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 160 2 BIO 041794 1703 EN 5 59.94 N 110 20.16 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 160 3 BIO 041794 1706 BE 5 59.91 N 110 20.19 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 160 3 BIO 041794 1728 EN 5 59.90 N 110 20.29 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 164 2 BIO 041894 1829 BE 8 00.37 N 110 20.18 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 164 2 BIO 041894 1833 EN 8 00.46 N 110 20.31 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 164 3 BIO 041894 1842 BE 8 00.50 N 110 20.34 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 164 3 BIO 041894 1906 EN 8 00.89 N 110 20.76 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 168 1 BIO 041994 1545 BE 10 00.04 N 110 00.07 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 168 1 BIO 041994 1552 EN 10 00.04 N 110 00.16 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 168 2 BIO 041994 1555 BE 10 00.04 N 110 00.19 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 168 2 BIO 041994 1616 EN 10 00.09 N 110 00.37 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 172 1 BIO 042094 1718 BE 12 40.11 N 109 59.98 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 172 1 BIO 042094 1724 EN 12 40.13 N 109 59.99 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 172 2 BIO 042094 1728 BE 12 40.13 N 110 00.00 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 172 2 BIO 042094 1754 EN 12 40.36 N 109 59.91 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 175 2 BIO 042194 1743 BE 14 29.81 N 110 00.10 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 175 2 BIO 042194 1751 EN 14 29.74 N 110 00.09 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 175 3 BIO 042194 1754 BE 14 29.69 N 110 00.09 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 175 3 BIO 042194 1814 EN 14 29.67 N 110 00.05 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 179 2 BIO 042294 1736 BE 16 29.87 N 109 59.93 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 179 2 BIO 042294 1738 EN 16 29.81 N 109 59.90 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 179 3 BIO 042294 1741 BE 16 29.79 N 109 59.91 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 179 3 BIO 042294 1800 EN 16 29.64 N 109 59.93 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 183 2 BIO 042394 1627 BE 18 29.98 N 109 59.99 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 183 2 BIO 042394 1636 EN 18 29.89 N 109 59.99 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 183 3 BIO 042394 1640 BE 18 29.87 N 109 59.99 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 183 3 BIO 042394 1701 EN 18 29.74 N 109 59.98 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 188 1 BIO 042494 1644 BE 20 59.85 N 109 59.94 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 188 1 BIO 042494 1653 EN 20 59.78 N 109 59.96 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 188 2 BIO 042494 1656 BE 20 59.76 N 110 00.01 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 188 2 BIO 042494 1728 EN 20 59.52 N 110 00.17 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 192 2 BIO 042594 1602 BE 22 44.24 N 110 00.22 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 192 2 BIO 042594 1607 EN 22 44.17 N 110 00.29 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 192 3 BIO 042594 1610 BE 22 44.09 N 110 00.29 W GPS 31DICG94/3 P18 192 3 BIO 042594 1627 EN 22 43.80 N 110 00.51 W GPS APPENDIX 5a. : CFC-11 and CFC-12 Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94) (Following discussion provided by J. Bullister, PMEL) CFC Sampling Procedures and Data Processing CFCs were usually the first water sample collected from the 10 liter bottles. Care was taken to co-ordinate the sampling of CFCs with other gas samples to minimize the time between the inital opening of each bottle and the completion of sample drawing. In most cases, helium, tritium, dissolved oxygen, total CO2, alkalinity and pH samples were collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle. CFC samples were collected in 100 ml precision glass syringes, and held immersed in a water bath until processing. The CFC analytical system functioned well during this expedition. The CFC system was installed in a specially designed laboratory van located on deck, and was isolated from possible contamination from high levels of CFCs which are sometimes present in air inside ship laboratories. Concentration of CFCs in air inside this van were usually close to those of clean marine air. Concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air samples, seawater and gas standards on the cruise were measured by shipboard electron capture gas chromatography, according to the methods described by Bullister and Weiss (1988). The concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air, seawater samples and gas standards are reported relative to the SIO 1986 calibration scale. CFC concentrations in air and standard gas are reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in parts-per-trillion (ppt) range. Dissolved CFC concentrations are given in unit of picomole CFC per kg seawater (pmol/kg). CFC concentrations in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting their chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated by injecting known volumes of gas from a CFC working standard (PMEL cylinder 71489) into the analytical instrument. This concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in this working standard were calibrated versus a primary CFC standard (CC36743) before and after the cruise. No measurable drift in the working standard could be detected during this interval. Full range calibration curves were run at 1 to 2 day intervals. Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas were run much more frequently (at intervals of 1 to 2 hours) to monitor short term changes in detector sensitivity. The estimated reproducibility of the calibrations is about 1.3% for CFC-11 and 0.5% for CFC-12. We estimate a precision (1 standard deviation) for dissolved CFC measurements of about 1%, or 0.005 pmol/kg, whichever is greater (see listing of replicate samples). Sample loops filled with CFC-free gas, and syringe samples of CFC-free water (degassed in a specially designed glass chamber) were run to check sampling and analytical blanks. CFC-11 and CFC-12 were present throughout the water column south of about 50oS (see Figs. 7 and 8). CFC concentrations measured in deep samples (>2000 m) along the section north of 40oS were typically in the range of 0 to 0.010 pmol/kg, near the detection limit of the analytical system (~0.004 pmol/kg). Previous studies (Wisegarver et al, et al 1993) of time-dependent tracers in this region of the Pacific indicate that waters at densities sigma0>27.4 should have CFC concentrations near zero at present. We attribute the low level CFC signal present in some deep samples along the northern end of the section to the slow release of CFC from the walls and O-rings of the 10 liter bottles into the seawater sample during storage, and to contamination during the transfer and storage of the seawater samples in glass syringes prior to analysis. Based on the median concentrations observed in deep water samples along northern end of the section, small blank corrections have been applied to the data. A CFC-11 blank correction of 0.0086 pmol/kg has been applied to the CFC-11 data on Leg 2 (Sta 8-87) and 0.0048 pmol/kg for Leg 3 (Sta 88-194). A CFC-12 blank correction of 0.0025 pmol/kg has been applied to the CFC-12 data on Leg 2 (Sta 9-87) and 0.0024 for Leg 3 (Sta 89-194). As a result of these blank corrections, some concentrations reported for deep samples may be small negative numbers. A small number of water samples (less than 2%) had anomously high CFC-11 and/or CFC-12 concentrations relative to adjacent samples. These high values appeared to occur more or less randomly, and were not clearly associated with other features in the water column (eg. elevated oxygen concentrations, salinity features, etc). In most cases, only one of the 2 CFCs measured showed these anomolously high levels. This suggests that the high values were due to analytical variability or isolated low-level contamination events. These samples are included in this report and are flagged as either 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) measurements. Approximately 42 analyses of CFC-11 were assigned a flag of 3 and 125 CFC-11 samples assigned a flag of 4. Approximately 16 analyses of CFC-12 were assigned a flag of 3 and 47 CFC-12 samples assigned a flag of 4. A number of samples were analysed for CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride during the cruise. Because of calibration standard uncertainties and analytical problems, the processing of these data have not yet been finalized. These samples are flagged as "5" (not reported). Those interested in these data should contact the John Bullister for updates on the status of the CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride data processing. References: Bullister, J.L. and R.F. Weiss, Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, 35 (5), 839-853, 1988. Wisegarver, D.P., J.L. Bullister, R.H. Gammon, F.A. Menzia, and K.C. Kelly (1993): NOAA chlorofluorocarbon tracer program air and seawater measurements: 1986-1989. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-43. APPENDIX 5b. CFC Air Measurements on P18 (CGC94) Leg 2 Time F11 F12 Date (hhmm) Latitude Longitude PPT PPT 24 Feb 94 0912 55 18.3 S 079 29.3 W 267.6 494.4 24 Feb 94 0923 55 18.3 S 079 29.3 W 267.1 493.1 24 Feb 94 0933 55 18.3 S 079 29.3 W 267.9 493.0 25 Feb 94 0913 59 27.4 S 086 51.7 W 266.1 498.7 25 Feb 94 0923 59 27.4 S 086 51.7 W 266.4 497.4 25 Feb 94 0933 59 27.4 S 086 51.7 W 265.9 499.7 25 Feb 94 0944 59 27.4 S 086 51.7 W 266.6 499.0 26 Feb 94 0355 67 00.0 S 095 00.0 W 265.7 498.5 26 Feb 94 0405 67 00.0 S 095 00.0 W 266.8 500.3 26 Feb 94 0415 67 00.0 S 095 00.0 W 265.4 499.2 26 Feb 94 0425 67 00.0 S 095 00.0 W 266.0 498.5 27 Feb 94 1743 66 59.7 S 103 00.0 W 265.8 497.4 27 Feb 94 1807 66 59.7 S 103 00.0 W 265.3 495.3 27 Feb 94 1819 66 59.7 S 103 00.0 W 265.3 494.6 27 Feb 94 1839 66 59.7 S 103 00.0 W 265.8 494.1 28 Feb 94 0902 66 00.1 S 102 59.9 W 265.6 497.3 28 Feb 94 0912 66 00.1 S 102 59.9 W 266.1 499.4 28 Feb 94 0922 66 00.1 S 102 59.9 W 265.9 497.2 28 Feb 94 0932 66 00.1 S 102 59.9 W 266.0 498.8 1 Mar 94 1611 63 58.4 S 103 00.3 W 265.9 498.8 1 Mar 94 1621 63 58.4 S 103 00.3 W 265.8 497.0 1 Mar 94 1632 63 58.4 S 103 00.3 W 264.9 497.7 3 Mar 94 0844 61 26.7 S 102 59.3 W 265.8 -9.0 3 Mar 94 0854 61 26.7 S 102 59.3 W 266.4 505.7 3 Mar 94 0906 61 26.7 S 102 59.3 W 269.6 508.5 3 Mar 94 0944 61 26.7 S 102 59.3 W 266.5 -9.0 4 Mar 94 0742 60 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.9 505.4 4 Mar 94 0752 60 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.2 501.5 4 Mar 94 0802 60 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.8 512.7 4 Mar 94 0812 60 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.8 510.1 6 Mar 94 1904 56 31.2 S 103 09.8 W 266.3 498.3 6 Mar 94 1916 56 31.2 S 103 09.8 W 266.6 499.0 6 Mar 94 1926 56 31.2 S 103 09.8 W 267.4 498.5 6 Mar 94 1938 56 31.2 S 103 09.8 W 265.7 496.7 8 Mar 94 0314 55 40.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.3 495.8 8 Mar 94 0324 55 40.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.9 495.8 8 Mar 94 0334 55 40.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.8 496.6 8 Mar 94 0344 55 40.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.9 497.0 10 Mar 94 0252 51 09.9 S 102 59.9 W 267.2 498.0 10 Mar 94 0305 51 09.9 S 102 59.9 W 267.1 498.5 10 Mar 94 0315 51 09.9 S 102 59.9 W 266.9 494.5 12 Mar 94 0443 47 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.6 499.3 12 Mar 94 0453 47 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.2 500.2 12 Mar 94 0503 47 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.0 499.5 12 Mar 94 0513 47 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 265.9 500.3 14 Mar 94 0816 43 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.4 501.8 14 Mar 94 0826 43 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.7 500.9 14 Mar 94 0836 43 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.2 498.2 14 Mar 94 0846 43 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.1 495.6 18 Mar 94 1155 35 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.4 496.5 18 Mar 94 1206 35 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 265.5 497.4 18 Mar 94 1217 35 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 265.6 498.1 18 Mar 94 1228 35 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 265.4 499.7 20 Mar 94 0337 31 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.6 500.2 20 Mar 94 0347 31 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.2 497.5 20 Mar 94 0357 31 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.0 499.0 20 Mar 94 0407 31 30.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.1 499.3 21 Mar 94 2234 28 47.4 S 103 01.3 W 268.6 499.5 21 Mar 94 2244 28 47.4 S 103 01.3 W 267.4 499.4 21 Mar 94 2258 28 47.4 S 103 01.3 W 267.0 500.8 23 Mar 94 2308 26 47.8 S 106 13.2 W 268.0 500.8 23 Mar 94 2319 26 47.8 S 106 13.2 W 267.1 500.2 23 Mar 94 2333 26 47.8 S 106 13.2 W 267.9 501.6 Leg 3 Time F11 F12 Date (hhmm) Latitude Longitude PPT PPT 29 Mar 94 1415 25 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.2 500.7 29 Mar 94 1426 25 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.2 500.4 29 Mar 94 1437 25 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.4 499.5 29 Mar 94 1448 25 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 265.9 501.0 30 Mar 94 1329 23 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.3 490.7 30 Mar 94 1339 23 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.4 494.9 30 Mar 94 1349 23 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 268.7 490.9 30 Mar 94 1359 23 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.2 496.2 31 Mar 94 1345 21 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.6 494.8 31 Mar 94 1355 21 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 269.2 494.5 31 Mar 94 1405 21 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 267.6 493.0 31 Mar 94 1415 21 00.0 S 103 00.0 W 266.9 492.8 2 Apr 94 0226 18 29.8 S 103 00.1 W 267.9 502.7 2 Apr 94 0237 18 29.8 S 103 00.1 W 268.7 500.8 2 Apr 94 0248 18 29.8 S 103 00.1 W 267.7 501.1 3 Apr 94 0215 16 54.7 S 103 00.0 W 267.4 500.1 3 Apr 94 0225 16 54.7 S 103 00.0 W 268.0 503.5 3 Apr 94 0235 16 54.7 S 103 00.0 W 268.3 501.4 3 Apr 94 0245 16 54.7 S 103 00.0 W 267.7 501.9 4 Apr 94 0605 14 30.2 S 102 59.9 W 268.6 502.1 4 Apr 94 0616 14 30.2 S 102 59.9 W 269.4 504.9 4 Apr 94 0627 14 30.2 S 102 59.9 W 268.6 501.4 5 Apr 94 0610 12 30.1 S 103 00.0 W 268.0 500.8 5 Apr 94 0621 12 30.1 S 103 00.0 W 269.3 496.4 5 Apr 94 0632 12 30.1 S 103 00.0 W 268.5 494.5 6 Apr 94 0538 11 00.4 S 103 00.9 W 267.8 -9.0 6 Apr 94 0549 11 00.4 S 103 00.9 W 268.5 500.9 6 Apr 94 0600 11 00.4 S 103 00.9 W 268.5 502.7 7 Apr 94 0310 09 38.9 S 103 36.4 W 271.0 -9.0 7 Apr 94 0321 09 38.9 S 103 36.4 W 269.8 -9.0 7 Apr 94 0332 09 38.9 S 103 36.4 W 269.9 507.1 7 Apr 94 1729 08 51.7 S 104 41.8 W 269.7 500.4 7 Apr 94 1740 08 51.7 S 104 41.8 W 268.7 501.6 7 Apr 94 1751 08 51.7 S 104 41.8 W 269.3 505.5 8 Apr 94 1135 07 42.0 S 106 22.9 W 268.7 504.1 8 Apr 94 1146 07 42.0 S 106 22.9 W 268.8 501.5 8 Apr 94 1157 07 42.0 S 106 22.9 W 269.8 503.9 8 Apr 94 1208 07 42.0 S 106 22.9 W 270.2 503.4 10 Apr 94 1608 04 30.0 S 110 00.0 W 267.4 508.5 10 Apr 94 1619 04 30.0 S 110 00.0 W 270.5 -9.0 10 Apr 94 1630 04 30.0 S 110 00.0 W 268.0 -9.0 10 Apr 94 1641 04 30.0 S 110 00.0 W 267.8 504.3 11 Apr 94 0654 03 00.0 S 110 20.0 W 268.0 503.6 11 Apr 94 0705 03 00.0 S 110 20.0 W 267.5 504.3 11 Apr 94 0716 03 00.0 S 110 20.0 W 267.3 505.8 11 Apr 94 1619 02 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 270.4 507.3 11 Apr 94 1630 02 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 270.1 508.1 11 Apr 94 1641 02 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 271.1 505.1 11 Apr 94 1652 02 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 269.5 509.7 13 Apr 94 1008 00 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 270.9 510.5 13 Apr 94 1019 00 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 270.4 509.6 13 Apr 94 1030 00 40.0 S 110 20.0 W 270.9 511.6 14 Apr 94 1013 00 20.0 N 110 20.0 W 270.1 -9.0 14 Apr 94 1024 00 20.0 N 110 20.0 W 269.1 513.3 16 Apr 94 0854 03 30.0 N 110 20.0 E 270.4 508.2 16 Apr 94 0905 03 30.0 N 110 20.0 E 269.8 508.9 16 Apr 94 0916 03 30.0 N 110 20.0 E 269.6 511.2 17 Apr 94 0436 05 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 272.4 510.9 17 Apr 94 0447 05 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 272.1 509.4 17 Apr 94 0458 05 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 271.5 511.5 19 Apr 94 1923 10 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 272.5 507.0 19 Apr 94 1934 10 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 272.3 509.3 19 Apr 94 1945 10 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 271.9 509.7 19 Apr 94 1956 10 00.0 N 110 20.0 W 271.1 509.6 22 Apr 94 0758 15 48.0 N 110 00.0 W 272.0 515.2 22 Apr 94 0809 15 48.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.8 512.3 22 Apr 94 0820 15 48.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.8 510.1 23 Apr 94 0627 17 43.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.2 512.8 23 Apr 94 0638 17 43.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.1 512.7 23 Apr 94 0649 17 43.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.1 515.2 24 Apr 94 0905 20 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 272.8 515.4 24 Apr 94 0916 20 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 273.1 511.6 24 Apr 94 0927 20 00.0 N 110 00.0 W 271.6 512.2 26 Apr 94 1159 24 30.4 N 113 47.4 W 273.2 518.3 26 Apr 94 1210 24 30.4 N 113 47.4 W 272.5 516.7 26 Apr 94 1221 24 30.4 N 113 47.4 W 273.1 516.1 26 Apr 94 1232 24 30.4 N 113 47.4 W 272.1 516.1 APPENDIX 5c. Replicate CFC-11 measurements on P18 (CGC94) STATION SAMP F11 F11 NUMBER NO. pM/kg Stdev 8 313 0.064 0.022 8 319 0.118 0.008 8 323 0.113 0.009 10 304 0.092 0.004 10 307 0.059 0.003 10 313 0.050 0.003 10 334 6.985 0.049 12 101 0.102 0.001 12 107 0.068 0.005 12 132 7.129 0.038 14 101 0.140 0.009 14 113 0.048 0.008 16 135 5.907 0.134 20 101 0.133 0.002 22 101 0.085 0.007 22 106 0.051 0.004 22 111 0.039 0.000 22 132 5.479 0.014 24 101 0.077 0.000 24 107 0.086 0.005 24 134 4.894 0.014 27 110 0.193 0.007 28 104 0.061 0.008 28 106 0.054 0.009 28 130 4.391 0.150 33 203 0.032 0.025 33 206 0.017 0.001 33 212 0.135 0.002 33 218 2.064 0.003 33 223 3.948 0.010 33 226 4.091 0.008 33 229 4.282 0.013 35 119 2.717 0.023 36 101 0.000 0.001 36 107 0.005 0.007 37 225 4.110 0.127 40 301 -0.001 0.002 40 321 2.846 0.004 40 329 3.994 0.009 41 103 -0.000 0.010 42 103 0.006 0.003 42 127 3.815 0.034 42 132 4.320 0.298 44 103 -0.001 0.006 46 103 -0.000 0.003 46 123 3.132 0.035 47 111 0.031 0.003 47 116 0.927 0.029 47 123 3.193 0.077 47 127 3.678 0.093 53 103 -0.003 0.002 53 107 -0.000 0.001 53 135 3.333 0.019 55 313 0.022 0.001 55 317 0.657 0.007 55 325 3.096 0.011 55 331 4.067 0.019 59 103 0.003 0.004 59 109 0.001 0.006 59 111 0.006 0.002 59 113 0.005 0.002 59 119 1.569 0.001 59 128 3.140 0.029 59 134 3.504 0.055 61 112 -0.002 0.003 61 114 0.004 0.006 61 131 3.508 0.073 61 132 3.483 0.003 61 133 3.350 0.014 63 116 0.135 0.004 63 118 0.718 0.005 68 116 0.127 0.002 68 118 0.657 0.006 68 132 3.595 0.083 69 117 0.260 0.002 69 126 2.330 0.009 71 123 1.814 0.006 73 118 0.785 0.123 73 119 1.299 0.006 73 128 2.594 0.015 73 133 2.656 0.008 74 118 0.616 0.023 74 126 2.042 0.004 77 118 0.549 0.001 77 127 2.393 0.006 77 132 2.492 0.008 79 117 0.173 0.002 79 121 1.328 0.029 79 129 2.646 0.004 79 132 2.680 0.017 81 301 -0.000 0.001 81 320 0.925 0.010 81 322 1.731 0.004 81 325 2.278 0.017 81 330 2.717 0.052 81 332 2.539 0.018 82 124 2.309 0.026 83 118 0.142 0.015 83 126 2.524 0.096 83 127 2.538 0.012 83 132 2.404 0.000 84 126 2.478 0.017 84 130 2.443 0.013 85 118 0.346 0.002 85 120 0.973 0.013 85 122 1.138 0.003 85 125 2.018 0.005 85 131 2.392 0.002 87 119 0.285 0.002 88 106 0.002 0.000 88 119 0.075 0.009 88 131 2.330 0.000 89 119 0.038 0.003 89 126 2.058 0.005 90 321 0.902 0.001 91 120 0.096 0.000 91 127 2.295 0.012 92 122 0.480 0.000 93 115 -0.002 0.001 93 119 0.008 0.025 93 126 1.636 0.007 93 132 2.235 0.006 93 135 1.975 0.008 95 119 0.002 0.000 95 126 1.385 0.013 95 132 2.166 0.020 95 135 1.982 0.058 97 120 0.009 0.013 97 125 0.478 0.004 97 128 2.386 0.003 97 132 2.217 0.008 97 135 1.968 0.028 99 120 0.031 0.016 99 127 2.451 0.002 99 132 2.204 0.016 101 329 2.386 0.029 103 121 0.023 0.006 103 125 0.685 0.000 103 128 2.372 0.005 103 131 2.169 0.001 103 133 2.024 0.002 103 135 2.000 0.000 105 123 0.055 0.001 105 127 1.508 0.005 105 130 2.257 0.010 105 134 2.005 0.003 106 120 -0.000 0.001 106 132 2.017 0.021 107 121 0.013 0.005 107 123 0.071 0.007 107 128 2.372 0.012 107 131 2.190 0.004 109 128 1.436 0.005 109 131 2.204 0.012 110 121 0.002 0.002 112 123 0.010 0.003 112 126 0.059 0.000 112 131 2.141 0.005 113 122 0.001 0.001 113 126 0.133 0.000 113 131 2.188 0.069 113 135 1.891 0.004 114 129 0.924 0.007 114 131 2.334 0.003 115 123 0.008 0.009 115 131 2.330 0.004 116 123 0.035 0.005 116 126 0.139 0.004 116 132 2.288 0.008 117 123 0.004 0.001 117 127 0.069 0.002 117 135 1.805 0.008 118 129 0.295 0.004 119 127 0.063 0.000 119 129 0.595 0.003 119 132 2.215 0.011 120 126 0.100 0.003 120 131 2.206 0.084 121 129 1.382 0.001 121 133 2.007 0.013 122 125 0.127 0.006 122 128 0.281 0.001 122 132 2.204 0.010 125 115 -0.001 0.002 126 223 0.059 0.000 126 226 0.267 0.000 126 232 1.952 0.002 127 123 0.141 0.005 127 133 1.741 0.010 128 122 0.018 0.002 129 126 0.133 0.001 129 132 1.842 0.002 129 136 1.736 0.004 133 123 0.136 0.001 133 128 0.427 0.005 133 132 0.709 0.003 134 122 0.060 0.002 134 125 0.272 0.009 134 132 0.775 0.004 135 125 0.493 0.001 135 129 0.648 0.009 135 133 0.943 0.007 137 126 0.244 0.002 137 128 0.531 0.004 137 132 0.730 0.003 138 129 0.549 0.002 139 123 0.125 0.002 139 127 0.476 0.005 139 131 0.751 0.002 141 125 0.173 0.003 141 127 0.397 0.000 141 132 0.804 0.002 142 127 0.600 0.008 142 131 0.770 0.007 143 127 0.605 0.003 143 131 0.833 0.002 143 135 1.762 0.021 147 129 0.796 0.005 147 133 1.270 0.001 148 121 0.020 0.003 148 126 0.129 0.004 148 132 0.864 0.017 149 232 0.893 0.002 151 123 0.112 0.000 151 127 0.443 0.004 151 133 0.980 0.003 152 136 1.853 0.010 154 125 0.194 0.002 154 129 0.567 0.001 154 133 1.007 0.010 155 129 0.667 0.005 155 131 0.883 0.000 156 122 0.020 0.000 156 126 0.311 0.001 156 132 0.886 0.027 157 325 0.219 0.001 157 333 1.002 0.000 158 127 0.259 0.003 158 133 1.415 0.177 158 135 1.709 0.001 159 126 0.098 0.002 159 130 0.326 0.003 161 123 0.059 0.028 161 129 0.401 0.002 163 123 0.038 0.000 163 126 0.188 0.001 163 132 0.583 0.001 163 136 1.678 0.002 164 132 0.661 0.005 165 125 0.215 0.000 165 129 0.398 0.001 165 133 1.009 0.001 167 125 0.160 0.001 167 131 0.761 0.004 168 325 0.093 0.000 168 331 0.581 0.004 169 123 0.046 0.002 169 131 0.639 0.017 169 135 1.676 0.007 170 127 0.298 0.067 170 133 1.679 0.016 172 331 1.715 0.002 174 122 0.021 0.001 174 125 0.093 0.009 174 131 1.567 0.002 176 123 0.017 0.000 176 129 0.320 0.000 176 135 1.764 0.001 178 122 0.021 0.001 178 125 0.080 0.004 178 131 2.061 0.002 180 121 0.002 0.001 180 125 0.051 0.003 180 133 2.047 0.009 181 127 0.148 0.004 181 135 1.916 0.011 182 122 0.033 0.009 182 125 0.057 0.001 182 131 2.275 0.005 183 132 2.247 0.012 184 122 0.048 0.001 184 125 0.131 0.008 184 131 1.071 0.003 186 123 0.038 0.006 186 129 0.362 0.031 186 133 2.207 0.007 188 322 0.046 0.014 188 325 0.086 0.003 188 331 1.158 0.001 188 336 2.255 0.007 190 125 0.091 0.003 190 129 0.484 0.001 190 133 2.597 0.006 191 123 1.550 0.003 193 103 0.010 0.003 193 106 0.051 0.002 193 109 0.192 0.001 193 111 0.376 0.001 193 113 0.933 0.010 193 117 2.268 0.014 APPENDIX 5d. Replicate CFC-12 measurements on P18 (CGC94) STATION SAMP F12 F12 NUMBER NO. pM/kg Stdev 8 311 0.014 0.001 8 313 0.016 0.002 8 319 0.056 0.010 8 323 0.052 0.005 10 301 0.058 0.001 10 304 0.038 0.007 10 307 0.026 0.002 10 313 0.021 0.001 10 334 3.071 0.007 12 101 0.053 0.002 12 107 0.022 0.002 12 113 0.013 0.003 12 115 0.030 0.013 12 119 0.057 0.001 12 125 0.132 0.002 12 127 0.282 0.000 12 129 0.706 0.008 12 132 3.133 0.028 14 101 0.063 0.003 14 106 0.030 0.002 14 113 0.016 0.001 14 118 0.048 0.000 16 103 0.042 0.008 16 118 0.056 0.000 16 135 2.712 0.016 20 101 0.059 0.001 22 101 0.040 0.004 22 106 0.025 0.003 22 111 0.016 0.002 22 132 2.479 0.000 24 101 0.034 0.005 24 128 1.966 0.010 24 134 2.278 0.017 27 110 0.077 0.003 28 101 0.030 0.003 28 104 0.025 0.006 28 106 0.020 0.001 28 118 0.157 0.001 28 127 1.382 0.018 28 130 2.135 0.009 28 135 2.199 0.139 33 201 0.012 0.005 33 203 0.013 0.010 33 206 0.005 0.002 33 212 0.060 0.000 33 218 0.933 0.005 33 223 1.891 0.020 33 229 2.065 0.007 35 119 1.227 0.028 36 101 0.001 0.001 36 107 -0.001 0.001 37 225 1.877 0.006 40 301 0.000 0.000 40 303 -0.001 0.000 40 321 1.308 0.007 40 329 1.909 0.010 41 103 -0.000 0.000 42 103 0.003 0.004 42 127 1.799 0.004 42 132 2.110 0.114 44 103 -0.002 0.001 46 103 -0.001 0.001 46 123 1.451 0.011 47 111 0.010 0.003 47 116 0.422 0.012 47 123 1.469 0.027 47 127 1.722 0.020 53 103 0.002 0.001 53 107 0.000 0.002 53 135 1.646 0.043 55 313 0.011 0.000 55 317 0.326 0.001 55 325 1.450 0.006 55 331 1.955 0.001 59 103 -0.001 0.001 59 109 -0.000 0.000 59 111 -0.000 0.002 59 113 -0.002 0.003 59 119 0.772 0.004 59 128 1.454 0.027 59 134 1.717 0.007 61 112 -0.002 0.001 61 114 0.004 0.006 61 131 1.697 0.015 61 132 1.712 0.020 61 133 1.667 0.023 63 116 0.079 0.003 63 118 0.360 0.003 68 116 0.073 0.002 68 118 0.331 0.001 68 132 1.720 0.107 69 117 0.142 0.001 69 126 1.077 0.005 71 123 0.829 0.001 73 118 0.390 0.053 73 119 0.628 0.014 73 128 1.254 0.006 73 133 1.371 0.004 74 118 0.310 0.001 74 126 0.954 0.002 77 118 0.312 0.043 77 127 1.153 0.006 77 132 1.283 0.003 79 117 0.099 0.005 79 121 0.634 0.007 79 129 1.318 0.001 79 132 1.375 0.009 81 301 -0.002 0.000 81 320 0.457 0.022 81 322 0.818 0.001 81 325 1.091 0.015 81 330 1.369 0.008 82 124 1.096 0.043 83 118 0.077 0.001 83 126 1.250 0.036 83 127 1.285 0.005 83 132 1.254 0.019 84 126 1.256 0.003 84 130 1.256 0.003 85 118 0.180 0.008 85 120 0.474 0.001 85 122 0.541 0.000 85 125 0.970 0.009 85 131 1.240 0.005 87 119 0.160 0.004 87 125 0.663 0.007 88 106 0.000 0.000 88 119 0.047 0.001 88 131 1.234 0.012 89 119 0.025 0.002 89 126 1.005 0.003 90 321 0.441 0.002 91 120 0.056 0.000 91 127 1.132 0.001 92 122 0.257 0.005 93 115 0.001 0.002 93 119 0.003 0.008 93 126 0.793 0.009 93 132 1.181 0.000 93 135 1.053 0.005 95 119 0.003 0.000 95 126 0.678 0.008 95 132 1.161 0.005 95 135 1.038 0.019 97 120 0.002 0.002 97 125 0.242 0.003 97 128 1.215 0.002 97 132 1.193 0.016 97 135 1.065 0.009 99 120 0.025 0.011 99 127 1.229 0.007 99 132 1.169 0.013 101 320 -0.001 0.001 101 325 0.484 0.001 103 121 0.013 0.001 103 125 0.352 0.000 103 128 1.211 0.006 103 131 1.148 0.012 103 133 1.081 0.013 103 135 1.065 0.000 105 123 0.030 0.002 105 127 0.742 0.009 105 130 1.181 0.007 105 134 1.116 0.039 106 120 0.001 0.000 106 132 1.085 0.021 107 121 0.003 0.000 107 123 0.041 0.002 107 128 1.218 0.010 107 131 1.143 0.009 109 121 -0.000 0.003 109 128 0.727 0.005 109 131 1.163 0.001 110 121 0.001 0.000 112 123 0.004 0.001 112 126 0.036 0.002 112 131 1.127 0.004 113 122 0.001 0.001 113 126 0.074 0.002 113 131 1.213 0.077 113 135 1.007 0.013 114 129 0.482 0.006 114 131 1.210 0.013 115 123 0.003 0.008 115 131 1.210 0.015 116 123 0.023 0.004 116 126 0.076 0.002 116 132 1.197 0.009 117 123 -0.000 0.003 117 127 0.038 0.002 117 135 0.990 0.002 118 129 0.159 0.002 119 127 0.033 0.001 119 129 0.314 0.007 119 132 1.176 0.006 120 126 0.055 0.001 120 131 1.165 0.032 121 129 0.712 0.005 121 133 1.072 0.012 122 125 0.069 0.003 122 128 0.155 0.000 122 132 1.176 0.005 125 115 -0.002 0.000 126 223 0.031 0.002 126 226 0.147 0.001 126 232 1.006 0.008 127 123 0.078 0.001 127 133 0.960 0.006 128 122 0.017 0.001 129 126 0.081 0.006 129 132 0.953 0.005 129 136 0.983 0.027 133 123 0.080 0.002 133 128 0.228 0.002 133 132 0.373 0.002 134 122 0.029 0.003 134 125 0.147 0.002 134 132 0.412 0.002 135 125 0.262 0.001 135 129 0.346 0.001 135 133 0.496 0.002 137 126 0.137 0.004 137 128 0.290 0.002 137 132 0.395 0.004 138 129 0.297 0.000 139 123 0.070 0.002 139 131 0.393 0.003 141 125 0.093 0.003 141 127 0.219 0.001 141 132 0.420 0.000 142 127 0.315 0.003 142 131 0.402 0.001 143 131 0.430 0.001 143 135 0.921 0.030 147 129 0.413 0.005 147 133 0.656 0.002 148 121 0.006 0.001 148 126 0.069 0.005 148 132 0.445 0.010 149 228 0.278 0.004 149 232 0.460 0.003 151 123 0.062 0.001 151 127 0.236 0.002 151 133 0.507 0.007 152 136 0.946 0.006 154 125 0.098 0.001 154 129 0.302 0.001 154 133 0.519 0.008 155 129 0.343 0.007 155 131 0.444 0.006 156 122 0.007 0.001 156 132 0.446 0.018 157 325 0.114 0.001 157 333 0.503 0.001 158 127 0.138 0.003 158 133 0.732 0.120 158 135 0.944 0.004 159 126 0.050 0.003 159 130 0.170 0.003 161 123 0.034 0.013 161 129 0.211 0.001 163 123 0.020 0.002 163 126 0.099 0.001 163 132 0.304 0.003 164 132 0.346 0.002 165 125 0.118 0.003 165 129 0.216 0.007 165 133 0.534 0.003 167 125 0.093 0.011 168 325 0.051 0.003 168 331 0.311 0.003 169 123 0.027 0.002 169 131 0.341 0.004 169 135 0.944 0.004 170 127 0.162 0.033 170 133 0.941 0.014 171 120 0.002 0.000 172 331 0.950 0.004 174 122 0.012 0.001 174 125 0.060 0.017 174 131 0.843 0.006 176 123 0.017 0.004 176 129 0.187 0.002 176 135 0.976 0.011 178 122 0.010 0.000 178 125 0.044 0.000 178 131 1.035 0.007 180 121 -0.000 0.000 180 125 0.030 0.001 180 133 1.108 0.001 181 127 0.084 0.001 181 135 1.043 0.002 182 122 0.007 0.001 182 125 0.028 0.003 182 131 1.156 0.018 183 132 1.140 0.011 184 122 0.024 0.000 184 125 0.068 0.000 184 131 0.549 0.001 186 123 0.020 0.000 186 129 0.194 0.002 186 133 1.114 0.000 188 322 0.015 0.000 188 325 0.043 0.002 188 331 0.586 0.000 188 336 1.204 0.017 190 125 0.045 0.002 190 129 0.252 0.004 190 133 1.326 0.012 191 123 0.775 0.005 193 103 -0.000 0.001 193 106 0.018 0.001 193 109 0.101 0.003 193 111 0.202 0.008 193 113 0.478 0.002 193 117 1.174 0.010 APPENDIX 6a. Oxygen Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) Summary of Oxygen Data for CGC94 Kirk Hargreaves 18 April 1996 1.1 Oxygen 1.1.1 Overview Oxygen samples were drawn from every bottle for every station (except for some of the test casts). A total of 6191 samples were drawn, including 450 duplicates. Five different people drew oxygen samples and four people were involved with running samples. The estimated accuracy is 0.3% plus an estimated precision of 0.3 umol/kg. Note that precision is sampler dependent and was as good as 0.2 umol/kg for some samplers. All samples for station 89 are flagged as bad because of bad sampling. Samples were titrated using Carpenter's whole bottle technique (Carpenter, 1969). An auto-titrator based on a design by Gernot Friederich (Friederich, 1991) and using a modified version of Friederich's software was used to titrate the samples. The titrator consists of a Kloehn 50100 Syringe Drive with a 5 ml syringe, a home-built photometer, and a computer. Post- processing software was used to add in temperature corrections and to analyze data. 1.1.2 Sampling and pickling Oxygen sampled immediately after CFC's and Helium. Samples were drawn in calibrated 125 ml nominal volume iodine determination flasks (Corning 5400-125). The sampling tube was inserted into the flask, allowed to flow freely and tapped to removed bubbles, and then inverted. The tube was pinched to reduce flow and allow water in the flask to drain. A water sheet was formed on the inside of the flask, the sampling tube pinched off, the flask drained, and then put right side up. The sampling tube was slowly released to prevent turbulent flow and the flask allowd to fill. Using a watch, the fill time was measured and used to ensure at least two flask volumes overflow. (Typical fill time was 7 seconds). During this time, the temperature of the water was recorded using an uncalibrated Pt-RTD. However, these temperatures are not used in the final data processing. Reagents were introduced quicky after sampling using Brinckmann 1.0 ml Fixed Volume Dispensette repipets. The tips of the repipets were lengthened using clear polyolefin shrink tubing. How reagents were introduced varied. My preferred method was adding MnCl2 at the bottom of the flask, and NaOH/NaI at the mid-point. The repipet tips were inserted into the flask and then the repipets were filled and dispensed. This had the problem that on the upstroke, sometimes seawater (~5 uL) was aspirated up the tube. In later cruises, the upstroke should take place outside of the flask. All reagents were prepared according to WOCE specifications. Flasks were capped at this point and shaken until the reagents were well mixed. The flask was inverted and checked for bubbles. Distilled water, or later, seawater, was added to the collar of the flask and the flask stowed. At least 20 minutes after sampling was finished, flasks were reshaken. 1.1.3 Analysis Samples were analyzed no earlier than 20 minutes and no later than 8 hours after remixing. Liquid from the flask collar was aspirated with a transfer pipette and the stopper removed. ~1ml of 10N sulfuric acid and a rinsed stir bar were added. (Note - the stir bars had short lengths of Tygon on them to improve their stirring characteristics. Stir bars without pivot rings have since been found to work better.) The flask was wiped dry and placed in the titrator and titrated with 0.05 N sodium thiosulfate. After titration, the sample was poured out and the flask rinsed with hot tap water. 1.1.4 Standardization Titrant was standardized with 0.01N potassium iodate solution which was mixd before the cruise and stored in air tight bottle. Standard was dispensed using a spare Kloehn 50100 with a calibrated 5 ml buret. The measured accuracy of the dispensed standards is 0.6 uL and 2.3 uL for volumes below and above 5 mL, respectively. Standards all were within 0.1% of each their calculated values when intercompared after the cruise. 1.2 Oxygen References Culberson, C.H., "Dissolved Oxygen", WHP Operations and Methods, WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1, July 1992. Carpenter, J.H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute Technique for the Winkler Dissolved Oxygen Method", Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 10, pp. 141-143. Friederich, G.E., Codispoti, L.A., and Sakamoto, C.M., "An Easy- to-Construct Automated Winkler Titration System", MBARI Technical Report 91-6, August 1991. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling, W.T., Numerical Recipies in C, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988. APPENDIX 6b Replicate Oxygen Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94) File gives station, sample, mean of replicate oxygen measurements (in umol/kg), standard deviation of replicate measurements (sO2), and range of values for replicate samples: #Sta Sta O2 sO2 HighO2 LowO2 11 107 209.67 0.02 209.68 209.66 11 117 186.14 0.43 186.45 185.84 11 209 345.22 0.51 345.58 344.85 12 127 175.44 0.22 175.60 175.29 12 121 176.42 0.12 176.51 176.34 13 101 216.31 0.11 216.39 216.23 13 102 217.23 0.06 217.27 217.19 13 103 216.30 0.19 216.43 216.16 15 119 175.82 0.18 175.96 175.69 15 129 229.91 0.06 229.95 229.87 16 102 216.79 0.46 217.11 216.46 20 102 216.53 0.02 216.54 216.52 20 103 216.01 0.25 216.19 215.83 21 106 210.65 0.17 210.77 210.53 21 119 171.54 0.07 171.59 171.49 22 110 199.45 0.34 199.69 199.21 22 121 175.68 0.01 175.68 175.67 23 307 206.03 0.02 206.05 206.01 23 311 195.09 0.23 195.25 194.93 24 117 171.52 0.05 171.55 171.48 24 130 295.04 0.13 295.13 294.95 28 107 205.58 0.25 205.76 205.41 28 113 187.73 0.27 187.92 187.54 33 207 185.03 0.04 185.06 185.00 33 219 247.23 0.01 247.23 247.23 33 230 281.77 0.68 282.25 281.29 34 107 180.58 0.13 180.68 180.49 34 109 174.59 0.38 174.86 174.32 35 106 189.68 0.22 189.84 189.53 35 115 192.85 0.11 192.93 192.77 35 123 270.72 0.02 270.74 270.71 36 112 169.65 0.03 169.67 169.62 36 114 179.01 0.06 179.06 178.97 37 204 199.09 0.19 199.22 198.95 37 208 179.84 0.18 179.96 179.71 37 210 172.80 0.38 173.07 172.53 39 107 171.13 0.33 171.37 170.90 40 309 173.90 0.81 174.47 173.33 41 108 175.82 0.11 175.89 175.74 41 109 172.81 0.03 172.83 172.79 42 110 167.63 0.01 167.63 167.63 42 114 169.13 0.04 169.15 169.10 44 104 195.74 0.23 195.90 195.57 44 106 182.61 0.73 183.13 182.09 44 108 173.48 0.44 173.79 173.17 45 106 183.05 0.18 183.18 182.92 45 108 173.78 0.19 173.92 173.65 45 110 170.46 0.28 170.65 170.26 46 102 195.21 0.09 195.28 195.15 46 104 188.23 0.03 188.25 188.21 46 108 169.24 0.05 169.27 169.20 47 103 192.84 0.05 192.87 192.80 47 105 182.38 0.08 182.43 182.33 47 108 170.38 0.25 170.55 170.20 52 103 186.60 0.23 186.76 186.44 52 104 180.77 0.62 181.21 180.33 52 106 171.92 0.35 172.17 171.67 53 109 171.94 0.35 172.19 171.69 53 112 160.98 0.10 161.05 160.91 53 115 179.58 0.01 179.58 179.57 54 121 264.28 0.27 264.47 264.09 54 125 261.39 0.08 261.44 261.34 54 130 281.11 0.03 281.13 281.09 55 318 234.36 0.25 234.54 234.19 55 321 261.12 0.05 261.16 261.09 55 323 262.03 0.02 262.05 262.02 58 307 168.45 0.84 169.05 167.85 58 308 167.11 0.23 167.27 166.95 58 310 161.99 0.15 162.10 161.88 59 105 176.76 0.05 176.80 176.72 59 107 166.76 1.08 167.52 165.99 59 109 159.83 0.50 160.19 159.48 60 110 150.61 0.07 150.66 150.56 60 115 184.42 0.06 184.47 184.38 60 134 252.09 0.01 252.10 252.08 61 102 191.62 0.03 191.65 191.60 61 106 171.19 0.09 171.25 171.13 61 108 164.85 0.06 164.89 164.81 62 307 166.44 0.09 166.50 166.38 62 308 164.68 0.57 165.09 164.28 62 309 158.67 0.51 159.03 158.31 63 103 192.86 0.02 192.87 192.84 63 105 182.16 0.01 182.17 182.16 63 107 169.09 0.12 169.18 169.01 64 106 164.47 0.05 164.50 164.43 64 110 131.87 0.02 131.88 131.86 64 115 180.47 0.10 180.54 180.40 68 110 134.88 0.08 134.93 134.82 68 115 169.60 0.07 169.66 169.55 68 121 250.94 0.16 251.05 250.83 69 110 144.05 0.02 144.06 144.03 70 125 243.94 0.40 244.23 243.66 70 131 247.40 0.09 247.47 247.34 70 128 219.68 0.39 219.96 219.41 71 109 160.54 0.42 160.84 160.25 71 111 146.48 1.42 147.48 145.47 71 113 128.59 0.14 128.69 128.50 72 103 166.95 0.22 167.10 166.79 72 104 167.31 0.10 167.37 167.24 72 105 167.07 0.22 167.23 166.91 73 110 149.25 0.14 149.35 149.15 73 126 219.79 0.06 219.83 219.74 73 128 212.61 0.07 212.65 212.56 73 130 240.28 0.12 240.37 240.20 74 104 165.61 2.03 167.04 164.18 74 109 156.57 0.07 156.62 156.52 74 127 217.55 0.01 217.55 217.54 75 104 166.85 0.10 166.92 166.78 75 110 149.98 0.23 150.14 149.82 75 116 188.08 0.16 188.20 187.97 76 103 165.58 0.22 165.74 165.43 76 105 164.80 0.01 164.81 164.79 76 107 160.34 0.02 160.36 160.33 77 104 164.98 0.03 165.00 164.96 77 115 153.46 0.04 153.49 153.43 77 125 208.50 0.03 208.52 208.47 78 101 167.04 1.98 168.44 165.64 78 105 163.18 0.09 163.24 163.12 78 123 216.78 0.33 217.02 216.55 79 104 164.85 0.08 164.91 164.79 79 129 216.58 0.11 216.66 216.50 79 133 246.76 2.06 248.22 245.30 80 101 165.18 0.10 165.25 165.11 80 105 161.33 0.03 161.35 161.31 80 131 245.09 0.13 245.19 245.00 81 304 163.74 0.35 163.98 163.49 82 104 162.15 0.69 162.63 161.66 82 108 153.90 0.08 153.96 153.84 83 104 161.35 0.14 161.45 161.25 83 133 236.37 0.01 236.37 236.36 83 135 213.12 0.13 213.21 213.03 84 102 160.90 0.67 161.37 160.43 84 104 158.34 0.12 158.43 158.26 85 105 158.32 0.37 158.58 158.06 85 113 131.08 0.24 131.25 130.91 86 104 157.62 0.10 157.69 157.55 86 107 156.61 0.17 156.73 156.48 86 115 127.98 0.11 128.06 127.90 87 105 156.46 0.02 156.48 156.45 87 119 197.14 0.15 197.24 197.03 88 111 153.96 1.23 154.83 153.09 88 125 181.28 4.13 184.20 178.36 88 136 211.11 0.11 211.19 211.03 90 317 166.69 0.07 166.74 166.64 90 318 196.02 0.06 196.06 195.98 90 319 207.76 1.82 209.05 206.47 91 115 131.89 0.02 131.90 131.88 91 119 131.22 0.24 131.39 131.04 91 122 206.45 0.50 206.80 206.10 92 116 132.08 0.09 132.15 132.02 92 125 147.64 0.06 147.69 147.60 92 130 226.63 0.61 227.06 226.20 93 110 156.20 0.84 156.80 155.61 93 120 132.78 2.27 134.38 131.18 93 130 221.07 0.10 221.14 221.00 94 311 152.31 0.19 152.45 152.18 94 312 147.91 0.28 148.10 147.71 94 313 140.15 0.23 140.31 139.98 95 108 156.01 0.22 156.16 155.85 95 112 120.29 0.02 120.30 120.28 95 136 208.92 0.73 209.44 208.40 96 110 146.82 0.01 146.83 146.81 96 113 115.67 0.02 115.69 115.66 96 135 210.62 0.20 210.76 210.47 97 121 142.87 0.12 142.95 142.78 97 122 159.96 0.00 159.96 159.96 97 123 119.08 0.21 119.22 118.93 98 309 153.85 0.19 153.99 153.72 98 320 94.96 0.09 95.03 94.90 98 321 113.87 0.06 113.92 113.83 99 109 153.89 0.40 154.17 153.61 99 115 93.03 0.41 93.32 92.74 99 129 221.48 0.06 221.52 221.44 100 121 91.10 0.29 91.31 90.89 100 122 114.49 0.10 114.55 114.42 100 123 112.25 0.19 112.39 112.12 101 305 149.58 0.38 149.85 149.31 101 311 128.00 0.37 128.26 127.73 101 319 78.30 0.03 78.32 78.28 102 109 151.10 0.47 151.43 150.77 102 111 128.72 0.05 128.75 128.68 102 136 209.50 0.17 209.62 209.38 103 109 149.23 0.16 149.34 149.11 103 120 77.86 0.29 78.06 77.65 103 131 220.21 0.02 220.22 220.19 104 117 86.09 1.54 87.17 85.00 104 118 83.34 1.85 84.65 82.04 104 119 78.41 2.17 79.95 76.88 105 103 147.69 0.34 147.93 147.44 105 109 146.42 0.09 146.48 146.36 105 135 210.15 0.16 210.27 210.04 106 115 72.99 0.17 73.11 72.88 106 117 64.39 0.16 64.50 64.28 106 123 50.35 0.26 50.54 50.17 107 107 145.67 0.37 145.93 145.40 107 118 58.62 0.75 59.15 58.09 107 129 203.57 0.19 203.70 203.43 108 117 72.62 0.49 72.96 72.27 108 122 58.74 0.00 58.74 58.74 108 133 219.89 1.06 220.64 219.14 109 107 140.24 0.17 140.36 140.12 109 111 132.06 0.08 132.12 132.01 109 125 12.77 0.02 12.78 12.75 109 127 15.16 1.49 16.22 14.11 110 109 139.47 0.11 139.55 139.39 110 115 79.75 0.04 79.78 79.72 110 133 214.66 0.02 214.67 214.65 112 101 136.78 0.03 136.80 136.76 112 111 140.39 0.44 140.70 140.07 112 133 209.84 0.05 209.88 209.81 113 112 114.83 0.03 114.85 114.81 113 119 52.82 0.57 53.22 52.41 113 133 213.31 0.06 213.35 213.27 114 101 137.04 0.22 137.20 136.88 114 107 138.81 0.08 138.87 138.75 114 121 42.27 0.24 42.44 42.10 115 107 136.45 0.32 136.68 136.23 115 118 49.74 0.52 50.11 49.37 115 129 132.66 0.18 132.79 132.54 116 109 134.98 0.02 134.99 134.97 116 115 77.13 0.05 77.17 77.10 116 130 124.04 0.09 124.11 123.98 116 136 207.06 1.37 208.02 206.09 117 105 136.14 0.11 136.22 136.06 117 113 105.25 1.82 106.53 103.96 117 119 54.59 0.17 54.71 54.47 118 106 137.60 0.00 137.60 137.60 118 119 52.60 0.26 52.79 52.42 118 134 206.36 0.26 206.54 206.17 119 107 136.94 0.12 137.02 136.86 119 118 90.47 0.09 90.54 90.41 119 132 193.18 0.55 193.57 192.79 120 105 136.64 0.44 136.94 136.33 120 107 135.77 0.09 135.84 135.71 120 109 130.14 0.08 130.19 130.08 121 101 138.41 0.30 138.63 138.20 121 112 111.18 0.14 111.28 111.08 122 107 125.29 0.22 125.45 125.14 122 114 90.48 0.18 90.61 90.35 122 123 10.41 0.24 10.58 10.24 123 209 95.67 0.17 95.79 95.56 123 216 8.92 0.28 9.11 8.72 123 224 203.08 0.71 203.58 202.58 124 105 125.81 0.26 125.99 125.63 126 208 113.04 0.09 113.11 112.98 126 210 102.76 0.04 102.79 102.74 126 223 4.22 0.21 4.37 4.07 127 105 126.80 0.41 127.09 126.51 127 115 86.39 0.07 86.45 86.34 127 128 7.06 0.14 7.16 6.96 128 105 135.76 0.13 135.85 135.66 128 111 95.18 0.26 95.36 95.00 128 115 89.43 0.05 89.47 89.39 129 109 105.27 0.23 105.43 105.11 129 117 77.52 0.16 77.63 77.41 129 120 35.31 0.00 35.31 35.31 133 102 154.55 0.56 154.94 154.15 133 110 115.75 0.34 115.99 115.51 133 131 47.79 0.13 47.88 47.70 134 101 156.60 0.27 156.79 156.41 134 120 26.66 0.21 26.81 26.51 134 132 61.31 0.03 61.34 61.29 135 101 155.87 0.02 155.89 155.86 135 102 157.09 1.08 157.86 156.33 135 103 157.20 0.32 157.42 156.97 135 104 154.09 0.01 154.09 154.08 135 105 148.16 0.45 148.48 147.84 135 106 140.24 0.69 140.73 139.75 136 107 133.07 0.11 133.14 132.99 136 109 110.19 0.11 110.27 110.12 136 111 97.37 0.12 97.46 97.29 136 120 50.33 0.15 50.43 50.23 136 121 33.92 0.06 33.96 33.88 136 136 202.37 0.04 202.40 202.34 137 101 157.86 0.11 157.94 157.78 137 105 148.59 0.22 148.74 148.44 137 109 125.80 0.19 125.93 125.66 138 102 157.78 0.45 158.10 157.46 138 113 98.16 0.03 98.18 98.14 138 115 90.77 0.13 90.86 90.67 139 101 158.81 0.76 159.34 158.27 139 105 144.00 0.25 144.18 143.83 139 109 111.72 0.12 111.81 111.64 139 113 86.59 0.27 86.78 86.40 139 119 62.59 0.05 62.63 62.55 139 136 201.29 0.44 201.61 200.98 140 107 131.26 1.43 132.27 130.25 140 109 115.10 0.22 115.26 114.95 140 133 120.92 1.38 121.89 119.94 141 103 148.77 0.14 148.87 148.67 141 109 119.49 0.19 119.62 119.36 141 136 200.72 0.06 200.76 200.68 142 129 81.65 0.72 82.16 81.14 142 130 91.69 0.24 91.86 91.52 142 131 97.46 0.16 97.57 97.35 142 132 100.44 0.49 100.78 100.09 142 133 59.42 1.42 60.42 58.42 142 134 85.26 0.98 85.95 84.57 142 135 195.33 0.79 195.89 194.77 142 136 203.50 7.76 208.99 198.02 143 105 145.13 0.06 145.17 145.09 143 135 174.56 0.03 174.58 174.53 143 136 194.56 0.26 194.74 194.37 144 103 154.84 0.14 154.94 154.74 144 135 163.18 0.11 163.26 163.10 144 136 188.09 0.11 188.17 188.02 146 126 18.98 0.83 19.56 18.39 146 128 70.91 0.16 71.02 70.79 146 130 103.51 0.91 104.15 102.86 146 132 107.10 0.29 107.31 106.90 146 133 112.44 0.01 112.45 112.44 146 134 134.44 0.07 134.48 134.39 146 135 180.08 0.32 180.31 179.86 146 136 184.97 0.11 185.04 184.89 147 123 24.22 0.52 24.59 23.85 147 134 187.23 0.01 187.23 187.22 147 136 191.99 0.16 192.10 191.87 148 126 26.72 0.05 26.76 26.69 148 128 53.43 0.01 53.44 53.42 148 130 62.78 0.08 62.83 62.72 148 132 64.65 0.15 64.75 64.54 148 134 103.40 0.01 103.41 103.40 148 135 187.27 0.04 187.30 187.25 148 136 194.12 0.15 194.23 194.02 149 209 116.29 0.25 116.47 116.11 149 221 47.99 0.05 48.03 47.96 149 236 200.25 0.01 200.26 200.25 150 101 147.88 0.08 147.94 147.83 150 119 46.98 1.26 47.88 46.09 150 136 202.01 0.12 202.10 201.93 151 136 203.53 0.18 203.66 203.40 152 117 52.88 0.19 53.01 52.74 152 119 52.44 0.12 52.52 52.35 152 129 47.72 0.30 47.93 47.51 153 309 99.22 0.06 99.26 99.17 153 311 85.23 0.09 85.29 85.17 153 336 202.78 0.04 202.81 202.75 154 101 148.89 0.31 149.11 148.67 154 117 62.92 1.07 63.68 62.16 154 136 203.26 0.06 203.30 203.22 155 111 92.69 0.08 92.75 92.64 155 123 29.02 0.66 29.48 28.55 155 136 202.17 0.05 202.20 202.13 156 103 148.21 0.24 148.37 148.04 156 111 90.56 0.04 90.59 90.54 156 136 205.51 0.11 205.59 205.43 157 301 149.32 0.51 149.68 148.96 157 305 133.26 0.27 133.45 133.07 157 331 60.76 0.10 60.84 60.69 158 101 148.52 0.56 148.92 148.13 158 109 112.57 0.06 112.61 112.53 158 136 198.82 0.02 198.83 198.81 159 115 63.75 0.07 63.80 63.69 159 123 2.89 0.14 2.99 2.79 159 127 34.83 0.05 34.87 34.80 161 101 137.12 0.45 137.45 136.80 161 121 1.45 0.32 1.68 1.22 161 135 197.56 0.04 197.59 197.54 162 105 130.14 0.15 130.24 130.03 162 119 8.17 0.08 8.22 8.11 162 130 10.82 0.41 11.11 10.53 163 103 140.70 0.11 140.78 140.62 163 113 81.49 0.52 81.86 81.12 163 129 30.66 0.04 30.70 30.63 164 105 130.53 0.05 130.56 130.50 164 113 55.49 0.06 55.53 55.45 164 127 27.49 0.29 27.69 27.28 165 107 117.18 0.09 117.24 117.12 165 111 97.59 0.04 97.62 97.56 165 133 41.69 0.29 41.90 41.49 166 107 108.03 0.11 108.11 107.95 166 111 68.51 0.32 68.74 68.28 166 136 198.18 0.03 198.19 198.16 167 103 130.15 0.13 130.24 130.06 167 121 6.17 0.22 6.32 6.01 167 131 14.55 0.01 14.56 14.55 168 305 115.46 0.09 115.53 115.40 168 315 36.08 0.10 36.16 36.01 168 331 5.35 0.04 5.38 5.33 169 103 128.09 0.06 128.13 128.05 169 109 85.41 0.18 85.53 85.28 169 113 51.20 0.20 51.34 51.06 170 105 114.24 0.50 114.59 113.88 170 107 98.85 0.60 99.27 98.43 170 135 197.79 0.13 197.88 197.70 171 107 96.57 0.03 96.59 96.55 171 122 2.72 0.10 2.79 2.65 171 131 154.06 0.09 154.13 154.00 172 303 137.35 0.10 137.42 137.28 172 309 113.58 0.27 113.77 113.38 172 335 198.28 0.20 198.42 198.14 173 103 132.63 0.10 132.70 132.56 173 105 125.30 0.01 125.31 125.30 173 135 198.77 0.14 198.87 198.67 174 110 71.57 0.06 71.62 71.53 174 121 5.16 0.06 5.20 5.11 174 123 1.30 0.04 1.32 1.27 175 106 117.08 0.04 117.11 117.05 175 123 0.93 0.13 1.03 0.84 175 131 8.54 0.13 8.63 8.45 176 105 125.69 0.04 125.72 125.67 176 109 100.47 0.14 100.56 100.37 176 135 203.14 0.09 203.20 203.07 177 103 127.93 0.04 127.95 127.90 177 105 121.02 0.13 121.11 120.93 177 115 23.51 0.07 23.56 23.46 178 111 62.90 0.22 63.06 62.74 178 121 0.55 0.15 0.65 0.44 179 102 121.45 0.12 121.53 121.36 179 107 111.53 0.64 111.98 111.08 179 126 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 180 101 122.62 0.05 122.66 122.59 180 121 0.74 0.28 0.94 0.54 180 131 42.70 0.17 42.82 42.58 181 111 75.05 0.43 75.36 74.75 181 115 24.91 0.16 25.03 24.80 181 129 0.61 0.26 0.79 0.42 182 106 108.51 0.12 108.60 108.43 182 114 32.66 0.14 32.76 32.56 182 132 214.37 0.01 214.38 214.36 183 107 108.97 0.17 109.09 108.85 183 123 1.34 0.29 1.54 1.14 184 102 119.24 0.01 119.25 119.23 184 122 0.86 0.42 1.16 0.56 184 134 222.53 0.11 222.61 222.46 185 105 115.62 0.01 115.62 115.61 185 115 17.86 0.20 18.00 17.72 185 135 214.99 0.47 215.32 214.66 186 109 71.19 0.07 71.24 71.15 186 135 223.33 0.04 223.36 223.30 187 115 17.60 0.02 17.62 17.58 187 129 3.54 0.06 3.59 3.50 188 309 82.56 0.08 82.61 82.50 188 317 10.89 0.13 10.98 10.79 188 331 27.36 0.02 27.37 27.35 189 105 112.91 0.45 113.23 112.59 189 115 22.57 0.13 22.66 22.48 189 125 1.38 0.42 1.67 1.08 190 101 115.69 0.15 115.79 115.59 190 121 4.19 0.03 4.21 4.17 191 107 64.78 0.11 64.85 64.70 191 115 1.43 0.01 1.44 1.42 192 103 61.19 1.11 61.98 60.41 192 111 10.17 0.19 10.31 10.04 192 123 21.75 0.06 21.79 21.70 193 101 11.38 0.17 11.50 11.26 193 109 1.21 0.05 1.25 1.18 193 115 51.30 0.30 51.51 51.09 194 105 25.13 0.33 25.36 24.90 194 109 153.84 1.47 154.82 152.15 APPENDIX 7. Bottle Salinity Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) Bottle salinity measurements on section P18 were made by Gregg Thomas (NOAA-AOML). The salinity analysis was accomplished using two Guildline Model 8400A inductive autosalinimoters standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater batch P114. The instruments were located in a temperature controlled van. The autosalinometer in use was standardized before each run and either at the end of each run or after no more than 48 samples. The drift between standardizations was monitored and the individual samples were corrected for that drift by linear interpolation. Duplicate samples taken from the deepest bottle on each cast were analyzedon a subsequent day. Bottle salinities were compared with preliminary CTD salinities to aid in identification of leaking bottles as well as to monitor the CTD conductivity cells' performance and drift. The expected precision of the autosalinometer with an accomplished operator is 0.001 pss, with an accuracy of 0.003. To assess the precision of discrete salinity measurements on this cruise, a comparison is made for data from the instances in which two bottles were tripped within 10 dbar of each other at the same station below a depth of 2000 dbar. For the 138 instances in which both bottles of the pair have acceptable salinity measurements, the standard deviation of the differences is 0.0012 pss. This value is very close to the expected precision. APPENDIX 8. Nutrient Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) Nutrients by KA Krogslund and C. W. Mordy (8 May, 1996) Equipment and Analytical Methods An Alpkem RFA/2(trademark) autoanalyzer was used to determine dissolved concentrations of silicate (Si(OH)4), phosphate (HPO4 -3) nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -). Measurements were made in a temperature controlled laboratory which was maintained at 21(+/-)1 degree C. The following analytical methods were employed: Silicate was converted to silicomolybdic acid and reduced with stannous chloride to form silicomolybdous acid or molybdenum blue (Armstrong, 1967). Phosphate was converted to phosphomolybdic acid and reduced with ascorbic acid to form phosphomolybdous acid in a reaction stream heated to 37 degrees C (Bernhardt and Wilhelms, 1967). Nitrite was diazotized with sulfanilamide and coupled with NEDA to from a red azo dye. Nitrate+Nitrite was measured by first reducing nitrate to nitrite in a copperized cadmium coil, and then analyzing for nitrite. Nitrate was determined from the difference of nitrate+nitrite and nitrite (Armstrong, 1967). Sampling Procedures Nutrient samples were collected from 10-liter Niskin bottles in aged 20 ml high density polyethylene scintillation vials closed with teflon lined polyethylene caps. All vials and caps were rinsed with 10% HCl and deionized water prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Samples were usually analyzed immediately after collection; however, some samples were stored for up to 12 hours at 4-6 degrees C. Calibrations and Standards Standard material for dissolved silicate was sodium fluorosilicate which had been referenced against a fused- quartz standard. Primary standards were prepared by dissolving standard material in deionized water, and working standards were prepared in low nutrient seawater. At each station, seven concentrations of working standard were freshly prepared and analyzed prior to sample analysis, and the highest standard was again analyzed after the last sample. This allowed for regular monitoring of the response, drift and linearity of each chemistry. All analysis were within the linear range of the instrument. Concentrations were converted to micromoles/kg by calculating sample densities using the laboratory temperature of 21 degrees C and the practical salinity scale (UNESCO, 1981). Precision Analytical precision was determined by replicate measurements (usually 4-5 measurements) on 46 samples from depths greater than 100 m. The average standard deviations of these precision tests were (micromoles/kg) 1.1 silicate, 0.015 phosphate, and 0.22 nitrate; and the average percent deviations were 0.56% silicate, 0.84% phosphate, and 0.59% nitrate. References Armstrong, FAJ, Stearns, CR, Strickland, JDH (1967) The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment. Deep-Sea Res 14: 381-389. Bernhardt H, Wilhelms, A (1967) The continuous determination of low level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer. Technicon Symposia, Vol I, 385-389. UNESCO (1981) The practical salinity scale 1978 and the international equation of state of seawater 1980. Tenth report of the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 36, 144 p.