| Sponsors |
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 | A workshop was held January 18-19, 2006 in Anchorage to discuss surveillance strategies and plans for the early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska. |
| Workshop Goal | |
| To develop a field sampling plan, coordinate sample handling and processing, and data management and dissemination for early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska. | |
| Please note that workshop sponsors do not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials. |
| Participants |
| Reports |
| An Early Detection System for Highly Pathogenic H5N1Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds U.S. Interagency Strategic Plan |
| Avian Influenza Workshop Summary Report |
| Workshop Handouts |
| CDC: AI Types and Strains [Fact Sheet] |
| Interim Guidelines for the Protection of Persons Handling Wild Birds With Reference to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 [NWHC Wildlife Health Bulletin] |
| NWHC: Avian Influenza H5N1 Threat [Fact Sheet] |
| NWHC: Influenza H5N1 [FAQs] |
| NWHC: Sampling/ Data Protocol |
| WDIN: Data System Proposed Core Data Fields |
| Related Links |
| ADF&G - What Hunters Should Know About Avian Influenza [Fact Sheet] |
| FWS: Resources to AI in Wild Birds |
| NWHC: AI Surveillance - Government Initiates [ Fact Sheet] |
| NWHC: Updates and Resources on AI |
| WDIN - Fact Sheet on HEDDS AI Testing Database |
| WDIN: Gateway to AI Resources |
| Presentations |
| Photographs |
| Enter Search Term:
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| Photographs provided by workshop attendees Please use proper citations if you reference any materials from the workshop |
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Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC)5 The Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC) encompasses Canada's four veterinary colleges. Its purpose is to apply veterinary medical science to wildlife conservation and management in Canada. The organization is also dedicated to developing and using knowledge of wildlife health and disease to improve human health and the health of domestic animals. Visitors will find links to wildlife disease surveillance, specifically related to West Nile Virus and Chronic Wasting Disease. Other ... News, Fact Sheets, Methods & Techniques, Keywords: Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease |
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Michigan Department of Natural Resources - Wildlife Diseases29 The Wildlife Disease web-pages on the Michigan DNR website provide a list of resources and articles about high profile diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease, West Nile virus and bovine tuberculosis. A particular focus is given to emerging diseases and disease surveillance as they relate to the state of Michigan wildlife. Issue Overviews,Management Plans & Reports, Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Emerging infectious diseases Surveillance (monitoring) Tuberculosis West Nile Virus Wildlife diseases |
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USGS - National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC)30 From website: "The mission of the National Wildlife Health Center is to serve the nation and its natural resources . . . provides information, technical assistance, research, education, and leadership on national and international wildlife health issues. Fact sheets, press releases and summaries of research projects provide a solid overview about the importance wildlife health. A number of web resources including web links and relevant documents can be found throughout the site. News,Bibliography & Web Indexes, Manuals, Fact Sheets,Illustrations, Photograph from Print, Issue Overviews,Maps,Methods & Techniques,Proceedings,Standards & Guidelines Keywords: Amphibian malformations & decline Avian Influenza Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Coral reefs Emerging infectious diseases Foot and mouth disease Lichens West Nile Virus Wildlife diseases |
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Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) - West Nile Virus66 The primary focus of this Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) web-page it to provide guidance on mosquito management to reduce the risk of spreading the West Nile virus (WNV) disease. Site offers manuals on drainage and indoor spraying techniques. A list of references provide additional links to information. Bibliography & Web Indexes, Keywords: Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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Fight the Bite!: CDC Protection Recommendations Against Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus67 Information presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) instructing the public how best avoid mosquitoes bites to avoid the infection of the West Nile virus. A number of United States maps show the location of positive human and animal cases at the county level. Issue Overviews,Maps, Keywords: Disease spread Human health Mosquitoes Pesticides West Nile Virus Wildlife |
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National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus - West Nile Virus68 A web-page from the National Library of Medicine's MedlinePlus that provides links to other websites hosting information related to West Nile virus (WNV). This collection of links present information on the human aspect of the disease including prevention, diagnosis, and symptoms. Other links lead to information about mosquito control and affected species. Issue Overviews Keywords: Disease spread Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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Cornell University - Environmental Risk Analysis Program: West Nile Virus69 A web-portal to information about West Nile virus (WNV). The objective of this Cornell University site is to interpret and disseminate scientific information about WNV to its intended audience of citizens and policy-makers. The types of information provided include, but are not limited to, a scientific bibliography, historical summary of human cases, maps and a general description of the disease (transmission, infection, symptoms.) Issue Overviews,Maps,Bibliography & Web Indexes Keywords: Disease spread Domestic animal health Horses Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) - West Nile Virus Resource Guide70 The West Nile Virus Resource Guide, presented by the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) provides information on the West Nile virus (WNV) and pesticide related topics. These include human, domestic animal and wildlife health issues, maps and statistics, and WNV background. information. Maps,Issue Overviews Keywords: Disease spread Domestic animals health Horses Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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Public Health Agency of Canada - West Nile virus: Protect yourself!71 The Public Health Agency of Canada has compiled information on West Nile Virus (WNV)including the following topics of interest: general information, history, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, how to protect yourself against the virus, animal affected, surveillance, maps and statistics, as well as other useful links regarding WNV. Issue Overviews,Maps, Keywords: Disease spread Human health Mosquitoes Surveillance (Monitoring) West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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UW-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine - Zoonotic Diseases Tutorial: West Nile Virus72 A web-based tutorial on West Nile Virus presented by the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine. Provides a brief review of the virus' microbiology, the clinical presentations in both animal and humans, information related to diagnosis, treatment and control in animals, and selected references. Issue Overviews, Bibliography & Web Indexes Keywords: Domestic animal health Horses Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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EPA web-page - Topical & Chemical Fact Sheets: Mosquito control84 Provides information concerning pesticides and mosquito control. There is a West Nile Virus link that takes you to the National Pesticide Information Center. Also found on this website is contact information for those having further questions regarding mosquito control. Fact Sheets, Keywords: Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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National Atlas of the United States of America - West Nile Virus Maps from 200087 Created by the National Atlas of the United States of America, this dynamic map shows the distribution of the West Nile virus in 2000. Using the interactive features, visitors can view the spread of the West Nile virus by species at both the state and country level. Issue Overviews, Internet Map Services,Maps Keywords: Disease spread Disease Transmission Domestic animals Epidemiology Government Agencies Humans Map Mosquitoes Non-technical Prevention & control West Nile Virus Wildlife Zoonoses |
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The Why Files - Mosquito bites - An Educational Look at Mosquitoes and Potential Diseases They Spread90 An educational presentation about mosquitoes. This web resources contains mosquito facts and discusses their role as disease carriers and best pest control techniques. Many excellent resources and references are provided. Instruction,Issue Overviews, Keywords: DDT DEET Dengue Encephalitis Malaria Mosquito Mosquito control West Nile Virus |
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The Why Files - Zoonotic Diseases: Diseases Jumping from Animals to People?92 A web-article from The Why files online that provides an overview of zoonotic diseases, how they emerge, and why they appear to be a growing threat. Many historically important zoonotic diseases are outlined along with the newly emerging animal related diseases, such as Monkeypox and West Nile Virus. The discussion highlights the impact of these diseases on humans. Instruction,Issue Overviews, Keywords: Disease reservoirs Emerging infectious diseases Human health Pets Zoonoses |
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The Why Files - West Nile virus - An Education Overview of the Disease and its Impact on Birds94 A part of the online magazine "The Why Files", this three-page web article focuses on West Nile Virus. It provides a brief overview of the disease, how the virus is transmitted, the different carriers and hosts, and how a disease native to the Middle East could cross an ocean. Birds are one of the main disease hosts for WNV. They can both spread West Nile and die of it, which is why the study of this disease in birds has become so important. In this article you will find a number of key studies... Instruction,Issue Overviews Keywords: Birds Cranes Crows Disease Spread Disease Transmissions Host Humans Humans health Mosquitoes Research Surveillance (Monitoring) Vector Viral disease West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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CCWHC Wildlife Health Topics : West Nile Virus95 A concise web-resource published by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC) that provides an overview about the West Nile virus (WNV) disease. The topics covered include virus facts, geographical distribution, disease ecology, affects on animals and humans and surveillance and management activities. The site has a short bibliography of articles and other web resources. Maps of Canada showing the location of positive tests in birds are also present. Maps,Issue Overviews,Bibliography & Web Indexes Keywords: Disease spread Domestic Animals Mosquitoes Surveillance West Nile Virus Wildlife |
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National Audubon Society - West Nile Virus96 Provides up-to-date information and news releases regarding West Nile Virus (WNV). Web links lead to fact sheets about WNV, such as effects on wildlife and susceptible species. Maps give a yearly distribution of the disease. News,Fact Sheets,Issue Overviews,Maps, Keywords: Disease spread Humans Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) - West Nile virus97 Gives a brief description of the investigative role that the USGS National Wildlife Health Center is playing. Lists a variety of information about the West Nile virus (WNV), including links to public health issues, news releases, fact sheet and current research. News,Fact Sheets,Issue Overviews, Keywords: Disease spread Horses Mosquitoes Research West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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Toxpix.net - West Nile Virus News98 A source for West Nile virus news. Continually updated from thousands of Internet sources. News Keywords: Disease spread Human health Mosquitoes West Nile Virus |
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CIDRAP - The Latest West Nile Virus News and Publications99 The Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP) presents the latest West Nile virus news and scientific publications. Links to more information are provided about guidelines, images, recommending reading, and other web-resources. Bibliography & Web Indexes,News, Keywords: Human health West Nile Virus |
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National Agricultural Library - West Nile Virus Bibliography & Web Indexes, 1965-2002109 A bibliographic resource on West Nile virus. Topical focuses includes genetics, viral isolation, purification, factors favoring viral transmission, the search for vaccines, vector biology and behavior, surveillance programs, disease spread, wild birds as viral reservoirs, susceptibility of domestic and wild animals, control programs, mortality, etc. If available, citation include keywords and abstracts. Bibliography & Web Indexes Keywords: Domestic animal health Human health West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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USGS SAGEMAP - A GIS Database for Sage Grouse and Shrubsteppe Management in the Intermountain West116 A portal for spatial data needed for research and management of sage grouse and shrubsteppe systems. This United States Geographical Survey (USGS) site is dynamically changing as we update current information and incorporate new data. Therefore, subsequent visits will reveal new data. Visit often to see what new data layers are available! Case Studies, Databases & Information Systems, Datasets,Fact Sheets,Issue Overviews,Management Plans & Reports,Maps,Internet Map Services,Site Conservation Plans,Standards & Guidelines, Keywords: Geographic information systems Map Spatial distribution Surveillance (monitoring) West Nile Virus Wildlife health |
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Saskatchewan Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus140From article (free full-text avialable): West Nile virus (WN) is a virus of wild birds, transmitted from bird to bird primarily by mosquitoes. Native to southern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, the virus arrived in North America in 1999 and spread quickly across the continent. Over 225 species of birds have been reported as infected with WN; some of these species, such as members of the crow family, suffer severe disease and often die from WN infection, while others appear to tolerate infect... Journal Articles Keywords: Mosquitoes Species specificity West Nile Virus Wildlife Wildlife health |
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Interactive Mapping of Wildlife Mortality Events183 This interactive mapping service provides users with several query functions to visualize and explore data captured about wildlife mortalities across the United States by the National Wildlife Health Center. Databases & Information Systems,Maps,Internet Map Services Keywords: Avian Botulism Avian Cholera Avian Influenza Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy Brucellosis Databases Geographic information systems Information retrieval Map Mapping Mortality Plague Salmonella West Nile Virus |
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State of Michigan - Emerging Disease Issues: Diseases That May Affect Humans or Animals229 As part of the State of Michigan website, the Emerging Disease Issues section addresses the topic of infectious diseases, providing general information along with materials on specific diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis, West Nile virus and chronic wasting disease. Issue Overviews,Management Plans and Reports Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Emerging infectious diseases Rabies Surveillance (monitoring) Tuberculosis West Nile Virus Wildlife disease |
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Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP)459 Provides updated news and recently published articles on infectious diseases. The goal of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) is to advance knowledge, public understanding, and sound policy. Topics covered include zoonotic diseases along with diseases that threaten the agricultural industry. Resources on bioterrorism and biosecurity are also listed. Standards & Guidelines, News, Bibliography & Web Indexes Keywords: Avian Influenza Biosecurity Bioterrorism Human health Monkeypox Plague Research Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome West Nile Virus |
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New news and headlines by Microbes.info: Microbiology information portal465 Gathers and organizes news information about microbiology. Hot topics listed include many diseases that affect wildlife, such as avian influenza, hantavirus, chronic wasting disease, plague and West Nile virus. Use the site's search to expand beyond the list of topics. News, Keywords: Microbiology Wildlife health |
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West Nile Virus Cumulative Disease Map 2006514 Interactive map of the United States displaying positive test results of the West Nile virus. The map shows the location of positive tests by state, for birds, humans, mosquitoes, sentinel, and domestic animals. Clicking on a particular state displays further information like infections by week and infections by county. Additional resource links such as historical data, background, frequently asked questions, and related links are included. Maps,Table or Spreadsheet Keywords: Epidemiology Outbreaks |
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Emerging Infectious Disease - Lecture No. 11 - Emerging Diseases in Fish and Wildlife Introduction and Importance to Agriculture530 A continuing education lecture on emerging infectious diseases. It includes an approximate 45 minute video with follow along handouts. Discusses the wildlife disease investigations in the appearance of four different West Nile Virus (WNV), Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy (AVM), Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB), Chronic wasting disease (CWD). Issue Overviews Keywords: Algal toxins Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy Chronic wasting disease Domestic animal health West Nile Virus Wildlife disease Wildlife management |
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National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) - West Nile Virus Veterinary and Wildlife Scientific Articles532 A short bibliography of scientific journal articles on the West Nile virus in relation to veterinary medicine and wildlife health. Bibliography |
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NBII - West Nile Virus648 Provides information about the zoonotic disease, West Nile virus (WNV). Resources include links to State health departments, maps and frequently-asked-questions. Topics covered are human, domestic animal and wildlife health along with general information about protection against mosquitoes, the primary disease carrier. Issue Overviews Keywords: Domestic animal health Human health Information dissemination Mosquito control Wildlife health |
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California Vectorborne Disease Surveillance System893 From the website: This page contains data related to mosquitoborne arboviruses primarily in California, but also in surrounding states that collaborate with California in arbovirus surveillance. Currently, data are available on virus isolations from adult female mosquitoes and viral antibodies detected from blood samples taken from sentinel chickens. Internet Map Services Keywords: Geographic information systems Information retrieval Map Mapping West Nile Virus |
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Epidemic/epizootic West Nile virus in the United States Revised Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control : From a Workshop held in Charlotte, North Carolina, January 31- February 4, 20011111 From the document: Document covers guidelines for surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control and research priorities of West Nile Virus. Includes appendixes. Revised in 2003. Standards and Guidelines Keywords: Diagnostic techniques and procedures Epidemiology Epizootic Prevention & control Surveillance (monitoring) |
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Report of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA) Committee on Wildlife Diseases1161 A report from the Committee On Wildlife Diseases meeting held on Monday, November 7, 2005. This committee is part of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA) and convened to present ongoing and emerging wildlife health issues. A listing of abstract titles include: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS) Wildlife Policy; Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Wild Birds; Canada?s National CWD Control St... Management Plans and Reports Keywords: Avian Influenza Bovine Brucellosis Chronic Wasting Disease Tuberculosis Wildlife disease Wildlife management |
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Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management - Wildlife Disease Zoonotics - Listing of Information by Disease Title and/or Affected Species Groups 1163 Browse a list of over 75 links to information resources and organizations related to zoonotics disease that effect wildlife, domestic animal and people. Information is sorted under either general sources or by disease titles and/or by affected species. Bibliographies and Web Indexes,Issue Overviews Keywords: Prevention & control Wildlife disease Wildlife management Zoonoses |
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New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife - Office of Fish and Wildlife Health and Forensics1164 The Office of Fish and Wildlife Health and Forensics (OFWHF) conducts investigations and research on diseases of captive and free-ranging fish and wildlife. It also performs tests and analyses of biological samples for law enforcement cases. Visitors to this site will find information on chronic wasting disease, surveillance of West Nile virus, foot-and-mouth disease, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer. Issue Overviews,Table or Spreadsheet,Management Plans and Reports Keywords: Diagnostic testing Surveillance (monitoring) Wildlife disease |
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Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Wildlife Health1165 As sub-section of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, this segment of the website focuses on wildlife health issues. Information presented includes materials on wildlife rehabilitation, invasive species, chronic wasting disease, and avian influenza. Issue Overviews,Management Plans and Reports,Fact Sheets Keywords: Chronic wasting disease Deer disease West nile virus |
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West Nile Virus Epidemics in North America Are Driven by Shifts in Mosquito Feeding Behavior1191 From abstract (free full-text available): West Nile virus (WNV) has caused repeated large-scale human epidemics in North America since it was first detected in 1999 and is now the dominant vector-borne disease in this continent. Understanding the factors that determine the intensity of the spillover of this zoonotic pathogen from birds to humans (via mosquitoes) is a prerequisite for predicting and preventing human epidemics. We integrated mosquito feeding behavior with data on the population dy... Journal Articles Keywords: American robins Disease spread Disease transmission Feeding behavior Human health Mosquitoes |
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Science Stock Images Library: Viruses1213 Russell Kightley Media presents a diverse collection of virus illustrations, including West Nile virus, plague, and avian influenza. Image Galleries Keywords: Avian influenza Plague West Nile virus |
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Potential Impacts of West Nile Virus on Wildlife in California1225 From the website: WNV was first detected in southern California in 2003, and infection is expected to become widespread in 2004. Wildlife populations may be directly impacted if WNV infections results in mortality and reduced survival. In addition, wildlife may be positively or negatively affected by mosquito control activities aimed at protecting humans from WNV exposure. This paper presents a model for assessing and visualizing the potential impacts of WNV on wildlife in California, and provid... Issue Overviews,Management Plans and Reports Keywords: Birds Human health Mosquito control Mosquitoes Surveillance (monitoring) Wildlife health |
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Viral Invaders Lesson Plan1226 "Viral Invaders" is a lesson on the West Nile virus, intended for use with students in grades 6-12. Eric J. Miller and Andrea Perelman created the lesson and include lesson objectives, procedures, and extension activities. The Learning Network, a service of the New York Times Co., provides the lesson online as part of the Daily Lesson Plan Teacher Connections resource Instruction Keywords: Human health West Nile Virus |
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52nd Annual Wildlife Disease Conference Proceedings1286 Contains agenda and abstracts from the Wildlife Disease Association annual conference. The general sessions topics included Disease and Population, Conservation Biology and Disease, and Large Ungulates. Proceedings Keywords: Avian Botulism Avian Influenza Avian Salmonella Brucellosis Chronic Wasting Disease Rabies Tuberculosis West Nile Virus Wildlife disease |
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Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Beginning of the 21st Century1301 From abstract (online abstract only): The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases involves many interrelated factors. Global interconnectedness continues to increase with international travel and trade; economic, political, and cultural interactions; and human-to-human and animal-to-human interactions. These interactions include the accidental and deliberate sharing of microbial agents and antimicrobial resistance and allow the emergence of new and unrecognized microbial disease agents... Journal Articles Keywords: Avian Influenza Disease Transmissions Emerging infectious diseases Marburg virus Monkeypox SARS West Nile Virus Zoonoses |
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A Virological Survey in Migrating Waders and Other Waterfowl in One of the Most Important Resting Sites of Germany1304 From abstract (online abstract only): Wild birds are considered a potential reservoir or a carrier of viral diseases and may therefore play a role in the epidemiology of economically important or zoonotic diseases. In 2001 and 2002, a survey with special emphasis on virus isolation in migrating waders and some other birds were conducted. In one of the most important inland resting sites for migratory waterfowl, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from 465 waders representing 19 different s... Journal Articles Keywords: Avian Influenza Epidemiology Germany Migratory birds Virology Waterfowl Wild birds |
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Natural and Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Five Raptor Species.1346 From abstract (free full-text available): We studied the effects of natural and/or experimental infections of West Nile virus (WNV) in five raptor species from July 2002 to March 2004, including American kestrels (Falco sparverius), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), barn owls (Tyto alba), and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus). Birds were infected per mosquito bite, per os, or percutaneously by needle. Many experimentally infected birds developed mosquito... Journal Articles,Table or Spreadsheet,Photograph from Slide Keywords: Birds of prey Ciconiiformes Pathology West Nile Virus |
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CCWHC - An Index of Wildlife Health Topics 1472 Contains an alphabetized list of wildlife health topics indexed by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC). Many of the topic links lead to information held on the CCWHC while others links to web resources outside the site. The disease topics range from high profile, such as avian influenza and chronic wasting disease, to the lesser known disease, like snowshoe hare virus and Jamestown Canyon virus. Other topics covered include management guidelines and procedural manuals. Management Plans and Reports,Manuals,Methods & Techniques,Fact Sheets,Issue Overviews Keywords: Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease |
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National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) - Information on Diseases being Researched 1473 Lists over ten wildlife diseases currently being researched at the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC). An overview of each disease is provided, along with links to NWHC fact sheets, reports and manuals. Bibliographies and Web Indexes,Management Plans and Reports,Manuals,Fact Sheets,Digital Photographs,Issue Overviews,Maps,Standards and Guidelines,Methods & Techniques Keywords: Avian Botulism Avian Cholera Avian Influenza Avian Pox Avian Salmonella Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Emgering infectious disease West Nile Virus Wildlife disease |
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Social Impacts of Emerging Infectious Disease [Book Sidebar]1476 From introduction: "Disease affects our economy, behavior, and governmental regulations. Thus, emerging infectious diseases often have impacts that extend far beyond the clinical manifestations of specific diseases on individuals, the economic costs for diagnosis and treatment, and those collective costs on individuals, families, and populations." AIDS, chronic wasting disease and West Nile virus are as examples to illustrate these other social impacts disease has on society. Taken from the chap... Issue Overviews,Maps,Digital Photographs Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Emerging infectious diseases Social Aspects United States West Nile Virus |
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A Map of Dead Birds Submitted for West Nile Virus Diagnosis in Canada as of Aug 11, 2006 1546 A map of Canada illustrating the location of birds that have been tested for West Nile virus by providence. Map also shows location of where submissions and no submission have occurred. A diagnosis report highlights the number birds by species that have been tested. Species include American crow, Black-billed magpie, Blue jay and Common raven. Maps Keywords: Canada Epidemiology Surveillance (monitoring) West Nile Virus Wild birds |
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Sacred Cows and Sympathetic Squirrels: The Importance of Biological Diversity to Human Health1550 From introduction (free full-text available): Recently, ecologists have uncovered several other ways in which species diversity can benefit human health. In this Essay, we describe how disease risk is influenced by biological diversity and, specifically, how some host species act to reduce the risk of transmission of virulent zoonotic pathogens to people. This represents an exciting area of study where ecologists, conservation planners, and physicians can work together to reduce disease risk and... Journal Articles Keywords: Biodiversity Chronic Wasting Disease Disease Transmission Human health Lyme disease Tick-borne encephalitis West Nile Virus Wildlife disease Zoonoses |
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West Nile Virus and Wildlife Health [Conference Summary]1551 From article (free full-text available): The West Nile Virus and Wildlife Health Workshop, hosted by the Smithsonian Institution, National Audubon Society, U.S. Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, was held February 5?7, 2003, at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Maryland. The event was attended by more than 100 scientists, who heard 29 speakers and participated in strategy discussions during the 2-day meeting. The main focus of the conference was the ... Journals (Periodicals) Keywords: Disease Transmission Isolation &Purification solation & Purification Veterinary medicine Virology West Nile Virus Wildlife |
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Susceptibility of Greater Sage-Grouse to Experimental Infection with West Nile Virus1597 From abstract (free full-text available): Populations of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined 45-80% in North America since 1950. Although much of this decline has been attributed to habitat loss, recent field studies have indicated that West Nile virus (WNV) has had a significant negative impact on local populations of grouse. We confirm the susceptibility of greater sage-grouse to WNV infection in laboratory experimental studies. Grouse were challenged by subcutaneous ... Journal Articles Keywords: Bird diseases Galliformes Immunology Pathogenicity Sage-grouse Vaccines Veterinary medicine West Nile Virus |
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Wild Bird Mortality and West Nile Virus Surveillance: Biases Associated with Detection, Reporting, and Carcass Persistence1598 From abstract (free full-text available): Surveillance targeting dead wild birds, in particular American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), plays a critical role in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in the United States. Using crow decoy surrogates, detection and reporting of crow carcasses within urban and rural environments of DeKalb County, Georgia were assessed for potential biases that might occur in the county's WNV surveillance program. In each of two replicated trials, during July and Septe... Journal Articles Keywords: Bird diseases Crows Disease reservoirs Georgia Isolation & purification Mortality Sentinel surveillance Veterinary medicine West Nile Virus |
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A Virological Survey in Migrating Waders and Other Waterfowl in One of the Most Important Resting Sites of Germany1605 From abstract (online abstract only): Wild birds are considered a potential reservoir or a carrier of viral diseases and may therefore play a role in the epidemiology of economically important or zoonotic diseases. In 2001 and 2002, a survey with special emphasis on virus isolation in migrating waders and some other birds were conducted. In one of the most important inland resting sites for migratory waterfowl, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from 465 waders representing 19 different s... Journal Articles Keywords: Avian Influenza Bird Diseases Epidemiology Germany Migratory birds Waterfowl Wild birds |
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West Nile Virus Surveillance Map of Canada1657 Displays information in an interactive map the location of where dead birds were submitted for West Nile virus testing in Canada. The view of the map can change by selecting a date range or a specific province. Reports in a table format are also available to show the number birds tested and the number of confirmed positive tests. Maps Keywords: Canada Epidemiology Surveillance (monitoring) West Nile virus |
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Migratory Birds and West Nile Virus1660 From abstract (free full-text available): West Nile virus was first recorded in the New World during August 1999 in New York City. Aetiology of the disease in the Old World indicated birds as the likely introductory and amplifying hosts with ornithophilous mosquitoes, e.g. Culex pipiens, as the principal vectors. Speculation regarding likely agents for movement of the virus in its new environment focused on migratory birds, but evidence to date is equivocal. While spread of the disease has been ... Journal Articles,Maps Keywords: Animal flight Bird diseases Caribbean Region Disease Transmission House Sparrow Migratory birds West Nile virus Zoonoses |
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Migratory Birds and Spread of West Nile Virus in the Western Hemisphere [Review]1670 From abstract (free full-text available): West Nile virus, an Old World flavivirus related to St. Louis encephalitis virus, was first recorded in the New World during August 1999 in the borough of Queens, New York City. Through October 1999, 62 patients, 7 of whom died, had confirmed infections with the virus. Ornithophilic mosquitoes are the principal vectors of West Nile virus in the Old World, and birds of several species, chiefly migrants, appear to be the major introductory or amplifying ho... Journal Articles Keywords: Animal Flight Bird diseases Disease Transmissions Europe Migratory birds North America Physiology South America Veterinary medicine Virology West Nile Virus |
