Key to the Adults of the Short-Horned Grasshopper Families and Subfamilies la.  Hind tibiae with both inner and outer dorsal, apical spines inimov- able at tip (Fig. 4). Prostemuin usually with median tubercle (Fig. 5), lacking in Brachystola. Large robust grasshoppers, usually with wings shorter than abdomen ... Family ROMALEIDAE OIMBER GRASSHOPPERS) lb.  Hind tibiae with only the inner dorsal apical spines immovable at tip (Fig. 6). Prostemum with or without tubercle (spine between front legs). Wings variable  ... Family ACRIDIDAE (SHORT-HORNED GRASSHOPPERS)          .........................................................................2 2a. Conical or cylindrical tubercle between front coxae (Fig. 5). Face usually not strongly slanted backwards    ..........................3 2b. Without tubercle between front coxae, or if tubercle present, face slanted . ............................................................................4 3a. Large, with tegmina usually over 30 mm. Lobes of meso- sternum longer than wide, with inner margin straight. ... Subfamily CYRTACANTUACRU)INAE (BIRD GRASSHOPPERS) 3b. Small to large, usually with tegmina less than 30 mm. Lobes of mesosternum not longer than wide, with inner margin usually rounded ... Subfamily NIELANOPLINAE (SPUR-THROATED GRASSHOPPERS) 4a.  lnterealary vein of tegmina often poorly developed or absent; hind femur of male with stridulatory pegs. Most species with slanting face (Fig. 7) ... Subfamily GOMPHOCERINAE (SLANT-FACED GRASS- HOPPERS) 4b.  Interealary vein of tegmina well-developed (Fig. 1) except in Heliastus; male with stridulatory pegs on intercalary vein. No species with slanting faces ... Subfamily OEDIPODINAE (BAND-WINGED GRASSHOPPERS) Key to the Lubber Grasshoppers (Romaleidae) la. Black with orange or yellow markings. Tegmina surpassing or nearly reaching tip of abdomen. Very large (to 65 nun). Hind wings pink with dark band ... Taeniopoda eques (Burmeister) HORSE, LUBBER. Color plate 8.