150 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. APRIL, 1909
Indio. Mdwrobgical department. Memoirs. &lmctkx. v. 18, pt. 2.
Eliot, Sir John. A description of the anemographic observations recorded a t Saugor Island from March, 1880, to February, 1904. p. 123-214. [Includes a description of the climate.] Eliot, Sir John. A discussion of the anemographic observations recorded a t Alipore (Calcutta) from March, 1677, to February, 1904.
p. 215-282. [Includes a description of the climate.]
Na.twL London. U. bo. 1909.
Dines, W. H. Meteorological observations [of Lieutenant Shackle- ton's anbrCtiC emeditionl. IADr. 1.) p. 133-194. Bereon A. The rioyal Piksdai ae&n&tical observatory's aero- l o g i d expedition to tropical east Africa. (Apr. 8.) p. 171-172. Teieeerenc de Bort, L. & Rotch, A. Lawrence. General results
of the meteorological cruises of the Otnrfu on the Atlantic in 1905, 19~6, and 1907. (Apr. 22.) p. 219-221. London, Edinburgh, and Dilblin philoeophiml mg&m. London. 6 Series.
v. 17. April, 1909.
Simpson, Oeorge C. On the Wilson-Gerdien theory of thunder- storm electricity. p. 619634.
Wileon, C. T. R. On thunderstorm electricity. p. 634-641. Royaisociety. I%-oceedings. London. ser. A. v.82. 1M9.
Simpson, George C. On the electricity of rain and its origin in thunderstorms. p. 169-172. [Abstract Roycrl rneteorologicnl eociety. Qunrterly journal. i ?o n h . v. 85. April, 1909.
Mill, Hugh Robert. Some aims and efforts of the Royal meteoro- logical society in its relation to the public and to nieteorological
soience. p. 65-79.
- Meteorology at Harvard university. p. 7980.
- Hail insurance. p. 89-90. Ktjppen, W. Proposal t o exprese all measurements of atmospheric pressure by a universal measurement of force. p. 132-134.
Newman, T. P. Temperature and rainfall at Pemba, E. Africa. p. 139-140.
Science. New Pork. v. 29. Jan. 29, 1909.
Very, Frank W. The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere of Mars demonstrated by quantitative measurements. p. 191-133.
Scient@ Alneriean supplenzent. New Pork. 0.47. Ap'l17,1909. Joly, John. Underground temperature and radium. Is the one due to the other? p. 246. Tokp mcsthenwrticoqhysil8ociety. A-oceediqp. Tokyo. v. 6. Peb., 1909.
Homma, V. Ueber eipe Gewitterperiode. p. 12-42. Ahphile. Paria. 17 ann&. I mai 1909.
Maetrand, A. de. Un institut d'a6rodynamique en Russie. p.
136197. Andes de ghgraphie. Pork. 18 annle. 15 mars 1909. Voeikov, A. Projets d'organisation de services scientiflques en Russie. p. 183-184. [Note on the meeting of Russian meteorolo- gists a t St. Pdtersburg. Jan., 1909.1
Cia1 d tewe. Bruaelka. SO annle. 1 avril1909.
Boutquin, A. L'Asie centrale. p. 6&63. Prance. A d h i e dee e &m . Cbmptes rendua. P a d . T m 1& 1909.
Millochau, G. Contribution B l'8tude du rayonnement. (22 mars.) p. 780-782. FBry, U. DBtermination de la constante de la loi de Stefan. (5 avril.) p. 915-918. Halluitte, -. Orage sur mer. (19 avril.) p. 1066. Angot, Alfred. Sur la valeur et la veriabilit6 des moyennes bar+ mhtriques. (86 avril.) p. 1131-1133. Angot, Alfred. Sur le tremblement de terre du 23 avril 1909. (26 avril.) p. 1133. Obographie. P a d . Tome 19. 15fhie~ 1909.
Rabot, Oharlee. Le tremblement de terre du 28 d6cembre 1908 en Biclle et en Calabre. p. 128-131. Natrwe. Paria. 37 a4mP. 10 ami1 1909.
Troller, A. La dispersion des brouillards. p. 389-291. Bo&te belge d'astronornic. Bulletin. Bmxellae. 14 am&. 1909.
Nodon, A. L'origine solaire des cyclones et des tempetes. (mars.)
Arctowski, Henryk. Variations de la &partition de la pression atmosph6rique B la surface du globe. (mars.) p. 161-163.
Durand-Wville E. L'aube e t l'albe. Premier crkpuscule du matin et second rhpuscule du soir. (avril.) p. 163-173. Iuuetrierte neronalcliselse Mittheilungen. Straseburg. 13. Jahrgang. Img.
Bereon, A., & Elias, H. Die Ostafrika Expedition des Kbniglich aeromutischen Observatorlums. (April 7,21.) p. 219-223; 301-309. dzeteorologiache Z&chri@. Brauechweig. Band 26. Mdrs 1909.
Miethe, A., & Lehmann, E. Ditmmerungsbeobachtungen in As- suan im Winter 1908. p. 97-114.
Woeikow, A. Temperatur ostsibirlscher Flasse und eines Polar- sees daselbst. p. 114-118. [Abstract of two papers by Schosta- kowicz.]
Woeikow, A. Die meteorologische Station Vasssijaure in Schwe- disch-Lappland. p. 118-120.
Exner, Felix M. Neue Strahlungsuntersuchungen aus dem Astro-
physikalischen Observatorium der Smithsonian Institution. p. 120-129. [Abstract. 1
p. 121-123.
Pollack, Vincene. Gebirgswinter und Lawinenfall. p. 129-130. Braak, C. Beobachtungen ilber Richtung und Geschwindigkeit des Cirruszuges in Batavia. p. 130. m e r , Felix M. Rnut Angstrbms neue Pethode zur Untersu- chung der Konnenstrahlung. p. 131-133.
- Pringal, E. Ueber den wesentlichen Einfluss von Spuren nitro- ser Gase auf die Kondensation von Wasserdampf. p. 133-135. [Abstract.]
- Richam, F. Ueber den wesentlichen EinRuss von Spuren nitro- ser Gase auf die Kondensation von Wasserdampf. p. 135. [Ab-
stract.]
H[ann , J ulius]. Klima von Monaetir. p. 136. H[ann, J ulius]. Klima von Lourengo Marques, Mozambique.
=ann, J. Resultate der meteorologischen Beobachtungen zu Harar
Maurer, J. Riibcl, E.: Untersuchungen ilber das photochemieche
Alt, E. Die Doppeloszillation des Barometers, insbesondere im ark-
Maurer, J. Aus langjahrigen Aufzeichnungen des Schweiser FiShns.
Wagner, A. W. J. Humphreys: Die vertikalen Temperaturgradi- enten in der Atmosphilre. p. 172-174.
Fitzner, -. Mittlere Regenmessungen und Mitteltemperaturen fiir Deutsch-Togo. p. 175.
- Resultate der meteorologischen Beobachtungen zu Hebron (Pal#stina) iin Jahre 1907. p. 178. - Resultate der meteorologlschen Beobachtungen zu Buitenzorg im Jahre 1907. p. 181. Schmidt, Wilhelm. Eine unmittelbare Eestimmung der Fallge- schwindigkeit von Regentropfen. p. 183-181.
Hann, J[ulius]. Resultate nieteorologischer Beobachtungen zu Bolobo am Congo. p. 185-186. A.ometheua. Berlin. H. Jahrgang. 1W9.
Kure, Karl. ElektrizitBt der Atmosphitre und Radioaktivitgt der Atmosphilre. (14, 21, 28 April) p. 438-448: 449-452; 465-469. Wetter. Bertin. 26. Jahrgany. Mirz 1909.
Hohan, J. F. Die VerBnderung des Grundwasserstandes und die Volgersche Theorie. p. 49-60.
Joester, Karl. Die FiShnermheinungen im Riesengebirge. p. 60-62. Welter. Berlin. H. Jahrgnng. April 1909.
Sohubert, J. Die Wltterung in Eberswalde im Jahre 1907. p.73-79. Joester, Karl. Die Fiihnerscheinungen im Rieeengebirge. p.
Gockel, A. Zusammenhang zwischen Blitz und Regenintendtiit. p. 89. Wiener Lqftechifw-Ze&cng. Wh. 8. Jahrgang. 16. April 1903.
Hinterstoissier, -. Die Konferenz in Monaco. (Sechste Konfer- enz der Internationalen Kommission fur wlssenschaitliche L u k
schiffahrt in Monaco rom 30. Mllrz bis 6. April 1909.) p. 13C135. Hildebrandt, D. Das Observatorium auf Teneriffa. p. 135-137. Heme1 rn dampkring. Amsterdam. 6. Jawgang. Aprit 1909.
- Volkswijheid over het weer. p. 191-192. [Gives a number of Dutch weather proverbs.
Koninklgk Nederlandsch meteor0 gbch Inatitict. Mcdcdeelingen en V e r b delingen. Dtrecht. No. 6. 1908.
Everdingen, E. van. De uitkomsten der weersverwachtingen vm het Koninklijk Nederlandsch meteorologisch institut in 1904 en
1905, eu in den Zomer van 1907. p. 3-26. Aeadhie inrp&aIa dpe eekncea. Butktitb. St. PeJerehrg. 6 e&. mra
1909.
Galitein, B. Das Sicilisnische Erdbeben am 28. Dezember 1908 nach den Aufzeichnungen der Pulkowa'schen seismischen Station.
p. 136-13 I t .
1902 bis 1904. p. 137-138.
Klima des Bernina-Hosplzes. p. 139-140. [Abstract.]
tischen Gebiete. p. 145-164.
luetemologiache Zertschrif . Brnunsehweig. Band p6. April 1903.
p. 165-170.
79-84.
L
p. 279-298. Societit aeronacwim I t a l h a . Bolkttino. Romcc. Anno 6. M a w 1903.
Eredia, F. I venti in Italia. p. 96-108.
- I1 movimento ondoeo degli strati atmosfericf. p. 24-25. - Misure di ionizzazione dell'aria su terraferma ed in mare. p.
Sociefi geograjku Italkna. BolWina. firnu. SCT. 4. v. 10. April+ 190.9.
De Castro, Lincoln. La cittA e il &ma di Addis Abeba. p. 409- 442. [Illustrated.]
- Note sul clima e sull'idrografla, delle Somalia italiana (Benadir).
Sobeiedade cle geagraphia de. fiaboa. Boletin. Lieboa. 2 Y . ew. &a. 1m9.
Gomea de Sousa, Ernesto. Resumo das observapes no anno de
195-127.
p. 455-457.
1908 no observatorio de Loanda. p. 76.
HIGH TKINDS IN OHIO.
[Extract from the Monthly Climatological Beporf Ohio Section, April, 1909.1
The total wind movement for the month of April waa unusu-
ally great and there were a number of verv d s m a c i n c storme.
APBIL, 1909. MONTKLY WEATHER REVIEW. 161
I?. ....... 18.. ...... '15. ...... March 4 ........ 11 ........ IS.. ...... 25. ....... April 2 ........ 9. ....... 16.. ..... 23. ......
.. ..
On the 7th the wind reached a velocity of 6.0 miles an hour
at Columbus, 40 miles an hour at Sandusky, and 70 miles an
hour at Toledo. Much damage was done in the northern
oonnties to telegraph and telephone wires, buildings, and
trees It was reported to be one of the most severe April
etorms for many years on Lake Erie.
Thunderstorms were general on the 21st and were accom-
panied by high winds at most places. A maximum wind
relocity of 54 miles an hour was recorded at Columbus, with
an extreme velocity of G8 miles an hour for one minute. At
Cleveland on this date the wind attained the hurricane velocity
of 66 miles an hour from 12:33 to 12:38 1). m., and of 84 miles
an hour for one minute at 12:34 p. m.
This storm had many of the characteristics of a tornado in
the northern portion of the State, except that no funnel-
shaped cloud was observed. At Berea, in western Cuyahoga
County, however, the cloud was described as a rolling or
tumbling cloud. The path of greatest damage, so far as
reports to this office show, was from Crawford County north-
eastward to Lake County. The high wind was reported in
Crawford County at 11:30 a. m., in Lorain County a t 12 m.,
in western Cuyahoga County at 13315 p. m., at Cleveland at
13:33 p. m., and in Lake County at 1:30 p. m.
In most places the trees, buildings, etc., were blown di-
reotly toward the northeast, the path of greatest damage
was wider than is usually made by a tornado, and there were
other indications that the wind was a straight-line squall wind
rather than a true tornado. At Berea, however, houses on the
aouth side of the path of greatest damage were blown first
toward the north and then toward the northeast. At Olmsted
Falls, also, some of the damaged stones in a cemetery were
blown toward the north and others toward the east. These
fwts indicate the rotary winds that accompany a true tornado.
A great deal of damage occurred in this storm, especially
in Cleveland, where it was estimated to be over $1,000,000.
Four people were killed in this city and many others were
injured. [See details on page 153.1
High winds were general in the southern and western por-
tions of the State on the night of the 29th. At Sidney, in
llhelby County, a conservative estimate places the loss at
$60,000. The path of greatest damage in this city was only
from 160 to 200 feet in width, and there were other evidences
of a true tornado. Several eye witnesses state that the cloud looked like gigantic rolling pins or I r sea-wheels." The storm
there was from 11:45 p. m. to midnight.4. ]IT. Emith.
20.0 23.0
15.0 19.0 17.0 21.0 31. u 26.0
22.0 17.0 0.0
__ . _
SNOWFALLS AND WATER EQUIVALENTS IN NEW
YORK.
In the MONTHLY TVEATHEB REVIEW for January, 1907, p. 11,
Mi. Robert E. Horton,' resident engineer of the New York
State Barge-canal Office, voiced the desirability of securing
speoial snowfall measurements and de terminations of true
water equivalents, pointing out statistically that the measured
winter runoff of the West Canada Creek Basin (Mohawk Sys-
tem), always exceeded the measured precipitation of that basin
for the same season. He had already established stations de-
signed to correct this discrepancy, and we are glad to present
in the following table the results of these accurate snowfall
measurements and water equivalents aR reoorded at Hoffmeister
during the winters from 1905 to 1908, under his direction.
In hie letter of June 4,1909, Mr. Horton describes Hoffmeister
SE being one of the localities where the snowfall is deepest.-
E C. F.
30. .......
January fi... ..... IS. ....... L3l ....... 27. ....... February 3 ........ 10 ....... 17. .......
1908.
1For other papers bearing on the relation between snowfall and winter stream discharge in the Adirondacks, see Monthly Weather Review,
M O ~, 1906, aa:i96-302, and ~rtn~ary, 1907, as:8-11.
11.5
21.0 28.5 26.5 27.0 44. 0
58.0
55.0
TARLR 1 .-Showing wnter equ4vaknt of accumulated 8 m on groicid mt Hoff- nwister, Weat Cbnada Creek &&age Basin. - - -__
Winter of1906-7.
I
Winter of 19054.
snow i Water il I snow I Water cnn ground. equivalent. I on ground. I equivalent. I
late.
.~ __
Inches. I 1906. Z#whtBr. 3.2 I December 10 ...... 9.0
4.0 17. ....I 3.0 4.9 ..... 3.5
...... 4.0
3.0
..... 7.0 21 ..... 6.0
28. ..... 12.0
..... 20.0
..... 22.0 IS ...... 3 .0
25. ..... 34.0 March 4 ...... 37.0 6.6 ..... 58.0
0.0 ..... 37.0 I8 ...... 32.0 24.. ....
10.0
16. ..... 13.6 92. ..... 1% 0
- .
Winter of 19W9.
Incher. 0.42 0.65 0.70
0.75
0.55
0.60
0.49 4.4 7.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 6.0 4.7 6.8
5.7 7.4 4.2 4.2 6.6 5.7 4.4
.~
- II-
1907. I December-2:. ...... 11.U 9. ....... 16.. ...... I?. 0 23. ....... 15.0
24. ...... .I 40.0 March 2 a 0
9. ....... 52.0 16.. ...... #2.5
........
23. ....... I 43.0
a0 ....... I 18.5
....... April 6. 30.0 l a .. ...... 25.5 20. ....... 27.. ...... bfny 4 ........ 0.0
3.4 3.1
4.6 4.8 4.3
1.2
8.1 9.6
11.5
6.7 6.0
2.0
7. n
3.6 0.0
1908. November S O ..... . Deceiuher 5 .. .... 14. ..... 21. ..... za......
4 . . _. . 11 ...... 18 ...... !?5...... February 1.. .... a ...... 16. ..... E...... March I ......
8. ..... 15. ..... 22. ..... 49. ..... Aprll 5 ...... 12. ..... 19. ..... 26......
1909. January
0.0 11.0 17.0 9 .0
22.0
27.5 19.0
SB. 0 26.5 s2. 0 27.0 So. 0
sa 0 54.5 99.0 48.0
4fi. 0 51.0
48.0 42.0 26.0 16.0
0.0 2. a 4. 3 2 4
6.5
6.7 5.6 6.7 8.2 6.8 4.9
9.1 11.)
9.3 9.6 11.1 12.0 8. 3 9.6 6.3 5.2
a6
I I I , I I
* These figures were obtained b dividiiig the snow :tceunlnlation by 3.0, the mow sample not hhvinp been ~uclted by the oiserver in these casea.--& E. H.
~
TORNADO IN ILLINOIS.
At 6:40 to 5:45 a. m., April 6, a tornado visited Marion and
Halfway, Williamson County, IIl., doing about $8,000 damage,
but without causing any injuries to persons in its path. The storm occurred at Marion at 5:40 a. m., but the destructive
tip of the funnel-shaped cloud was 50 to 100 feet above the
earth, so the damage was mostly to roofs and the upper stories
of buildings. The width of the path here is put at 100 to 200
yards. At 6:45 a. m. the storm had reached Halfway, about
15 miles to the northeast. Here the observer reports that
there was a well-defined funnel-shaped cloud 30 to 40 feet in
diameter, but that most of the damage was done by a straight
wind which accompanied the whirl.-C. A, j r ,
TORNADOES IN KANSAS.
A severe tornado occurred near the border of Cowley and
Butler counties on the 28th. It was first noted at 6:06 p. m.
1 mile west of Udall, in the northwest part of Cowley County,
and was moving northeastward. At about 6:15 p. m. it struok
Douglas, about 11 miles northeast of Udall, in the southern
part of Butler County, and much damage was done. One
person was killed and one badly injured. The damage at
Udall is estimated at $14,000 and at Douglas from $26,000 to
$40,000.