Catalogue Query Results
Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (Signoret)NOMENCLATURE:
Aspidiotus cyanophylli Signoret, 1869: 850. Nomen nudum.
Aspidiotus cyanophylli Signoret, 1869a: 119. Type data: FRANCE: Paris, Luxembourg Garden, on Cyanophyllum magnificum, a plant introduced from Venezuela; collected by Me. Riviere, Chief Gardener of Luxembourg Garden. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria. Described: female. Illust.
Aspidiotus cyanophyli; Comstock, 1883: 57. Misspelling of species name.
Aspidiotus (Aspidiotus) cyanophylli; Cockerell, 1897i: 29. Change of combination.
Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) cyanophylli; Leonardi, 1898c: 53. Change of combination.
Furcaspis cyanophylli; MacGillivray, 1921: 407. Change of combination.
Furcaspis (Aspidiotus) cyanophylli; Borchsenius, 1935a: 30. Change of combination.
Hemiberlesia cyanophylli; Ferris, 1938a: 237. Illust. Change of combination.
Abgrallaspis cyanophylli; Balachowsky, 1948b: 308. Change of combination.
Diaspidiotus cyanophylli; Bodenheimer, 1952: 337. Change of combination.
Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) cyanophylli; Merrill, 1953: 18. Change of combination.
Abgrallaspis cynophylli; Gerson & Zor, 1973: 514. Misspelling of species name.
Aspidiotus cyanophlli; Chou, 1985: 306. Misspelling of species name.
COMMON NAMES: cyanophyllum scale [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953, McKenz1956, GersonZo1973, MillerDa2005]; Cyanophyllum scale [Borchs1966].
Foes: COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Chilocorus nigritus (F.) [PonsonCo2000], Telsimia nitida gemmosa Chazeau [Chazea1984]. HYMENOPTERA Aphelinidae: Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet) [Zimmer1948], Aphytis costalimai (Gomes) [RosenDe1979], Aphytis maculicornis (Masi) [AbdRab2001a], Aphytis margaretae DeBach & Rosen [RosenDe1979], Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw) [Zimmer1948], Encarsia citrina (Craw) [AbdRab2001a], Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli) [AbdRab2001a]. Signiphoridae: Signiphora aspidioti Ashmead [Zimmer1948], Signiphora fax Girault [Woolle1990], Signiphora flavella [Woolle1990], Signiphora prepauca Girault [Woolle1990].
Hosts: Acanthaceae: Brochosiphon acerifolium [GomezM1962]. Agavaceae: Cordyline [Leonar1920], Cordyline indivisa [GomezM1962], Cordyline terminalis [WilliaWa1988], Yucca [BesheaTiHo1973]. Aizoaceae: Mesembryanthemum [Green1931a]. Amaranthaceae: Alternanthera [Almeid1973b]. Anacardiaceae: Mangifera [McKenz1956], Mangifera indica [Takaha1933, Cohic1958, Takagi1969a, WolffCo1993a], Schinus molle [DeLott1967a]. Annonaceae: Annona [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953, McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Annona muricata [Leonar1920, GomezM1962, WilliaWa1988], Annona reticulata [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966], Annona squamosa [Cohic1958, WilliaWa1988]. Apocynaceae: Carissa grandiflora [Merril1953], Nerium [Lepage1938], Plumeria acutifolia [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966, WilliaWa1988], Thevetia nereifolia [Merril1953]. Aquifoliaceae: Ilex latifolia [BesheaTiHo1973]. Araceae: Anthurium [McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Spathiphyllum [Merril1953]. Araliaceae: Aralia [Leonar1920, GomezM1962]. Arecaceae [Green1896e, Green1937, BesheaTiHo1973], Chrysalidocarpus [Mamet1954, Borchs1966], Chrysalidocarpus lutescens [McKenz1956], Cocos [Green1916, Balach1932d, Lepage1938, McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Cocos nucifera [Leonar1920, Takaha1932a, Takaha1933, Cohic1958, Takagi1969a, WilliaWa1988], Hyphaene crinita [Merril1953], Kentia [GomezM1962], Phoenix [GomezM1962], Pritchardia filifera [Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923], Sabal [BesheaTiHo1973]. Asclepiadaceae: Stephanotis floribunda [Merril1953]. Asteraceae: Berlandiera [Merril1953]. Betulaceae: Ostrya virginiana [BesheaTiHo1973]. Bombacaceae: Ceiba pentandra [WilliaWa1988]. Boraginaceae: Ehretia laevis [Merril1953]. Bromeliaceae: Billbergia [Merril1953], Billbergia thyrsoidea [MerrilCh1923], Nidularium [Merril1953]. Buxaceae: Buxus [Lepage1938]. Cactaceae [Bodenh1952], Cactus [Green1931a], Cereus [Balach1932d, McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Cereus giganteus [Komosi1969], Echinocactus [GomezM1962], Mammillaria [GomezM1962], Mammillaria seitziana [Balach1932d], Opuntia [Balach1932d, GomezM1962], Opuntia cereiformis [Mamet1954, Borchs1966], Opuntia rafinesquei [Mamet1954, Borchs1966]. Chenopodiaceae: Chenopodium album [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966]. Combretaceae: Combretum [Merril1953], Terminalia arjuna [Merril1953]. Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea [Wilson1917, Leonar1920, MerrilCh1923, GomezM1962]. Cornaceae: Cornus [BesheaTiHo1973]. Cycadaceae: Cycas [Green1896e, Green1937, Lepage1938], Cycas revoluta [Wilson1917, Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Merril1953, GomezM1962, Borchs1966]. Dioscoreaceae: Dioscorea alata [WilliaWa1988]. Ericaceae: Leucothoe [BesheaTiHo1973], Rhododendron [McKenz1956], Vaccinium [Merril1953]. Euphorbiaceae: Acalypha [GomezM1962], Acalypha hispida [WilliaWa1988], Euphorbia bajeri [Balach1932e, GomezM1962], Euphorbia splendens [Merril1953], Hevea brasiliensis [Green1911], Jatropha curcas [WilliaWa1988], Manihot esculenta [WilliaWa1988], Manihot glazioui [Balach1956, EtiennMa1993], Phyllanthus [Hall1922]. Fabaceae: Acacia rubra [Almeid1973], Bauhinia [WilliaWa1988], Cassia spectabilis [MatileNo1984], Ceratonia siliqua [Hall1922], Inga [Ferris1942], Wisteria [Zimmer1948]. Fagaceae: Quercus [BesheaTiHo1973]. Flacourtiaceae: Aberia caffra [Hall1923], Aphloia theaeformis [Matile1978]. Guttiferae: Haronga madagascariensis [Mamet1954, Borchs1966]. Hernandiaceae: Hernandia bivalvis [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953]. Lamiaceae: Coleus [WilliaWa1988]. Lauraceae: Cinnamomum zeylanicum [Leonar1920, WilliaWa1988], Laurus [Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923, Lepage1938], Machilus kusanoi [Takagi1969a, Tang1984], Persea [BesheaTiHo1973], Persea americana [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966, Dekle1965c, WilliaWa1988], Persea gratissima [DeLott1967a], Tamala pubescens [Merril1953]. Lecythidaceae: Barringtonia [WilliaWa1988]. Liliaceae: Anthericum [Merril1953, McKenz1956], Liriope muscari [BesheaTiHo1973], Mondo [McKenz1956]. Magnoliaceae: Magnolia [Ferris1938a, McKenz1956, GomezM1962]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus syriacus [WilliaWa1988]. Marantaceae: Calathea vandenheckei [Merril1953]. Melastomataceae: Cyanophyllum [Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923], Cyanophyllum magnificum [Signor1869b, Green1896e, Cocker1899n, Leonar1920, DelageMaBa1972], Miconia magnifica [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953, McKenz1956]. Meliaceae: Cedrela toona [WilliaWa1988], Swietenia macrophylla [WilliaWa1988]. Moraceae: Artocarpus altilis [Beards1966, WilliaWa1988], Ficus [Green1896e, Kuwana1933, Lepage1938, GomezM1962, WilliaWa1988], Ficus indica [Wilson1917], Ficus inga [McKenz1956], Ficus laurifolia [Wilson1917], Ficus sycomorus [Hall1923]. Musaceae: Musa [Green1915c, Ramakr1919a, GomezM1962, WilliaBu1987, WilliaWa1988], Musa sapientum [Cohic1958]. Myrsinaceae: Maesa [Takaha1932a, Takaha1933, Takagi1969a]. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus [MerrilCh1923, Ferris1938a, McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Eugenia [Ferris1942, McKenz1956, WilliaWa1988], Eugenia jambos [Zimmer1948, DeLott1967a], Psidium guajava [Houser1918, Hall1922, Cohic1958, WilliaWa1988]. Nyctaginaceae: Bougainvillea [MerrilCh1923]. Oleaceae: Jasminum [Hall1923], Ligustrum [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953]. Orchidaceae [Balach1932d, Balach1937c]. Pandanaceae: Pandanus [McKenz1956, Cohic1958, Dekle1965c]. Piperaceae: Piper methysticum [WilliaWa1988]. Pittosporaceae: Pittosporum [Ferris1938a, McKenz1956, GomezM1962]. Polygonaceae: Coccoloba uvifera [Takagi1969a, Tang1984, WilliaWa1988]. Polypodiaceae: Polypodium [Leonar1920]. Proteaceae: Macadamia tetraphylla [WilliaWa1988]. Rosaceae: Eriobotrya japonica [Mamet1959a, Borchs1966, WilliaWa1988], Rosa [Houser1918]. Rubiaceae: Cinchona [Green1896e, Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923, Green1937, Lepage1938], Coffea [Ferris1938a, McKenz1956, GomezM1962], Coffea arabica [Cohic1958], Gardenia [Takaha1934, Takagi1969a], Guettarda speciosa [WilliaWa1988], Morinda citrifolia [Merril1953], Psychotria serpens [Takaha1934, Takagi1969a], Serissa [Merril1953]. Scrophulariaceae: Russelia [Ferris1942, McKenz1956]. Smilacaceae: Smilax [McKenz1956]. Solanaceae: Capsicum ovatum [WilliaWa1988], Solanum [Ferris1942, McKenz1956]. Sterculiaceae: Brachychiton acerifolium [Leonar1920], Theobroma cacao [Green1904a, Lepage1938, WilliaWa1988]. Strelitziaceae: Strelitzia reginae [McKenz1956]. Theaceae: Camellia japonica [Takagi1969a], Camellia sinensis [Green1896e, Takagi1969a, WilliaWa1988], Camellia thea [Lepage1938], Thea [Ferris1938a, GomezM1962], Thea japonica [Takaha1933], Thea sinensis [Takaha1929, Takaha1932a, Borchs1934, Borchs1936, Merril1953]. Ulmaceae: Celtis sinensis [Takaha1932a, Takagi1969a], Celtis sinensis [Takaha1933]. Verbenaceae: Clerodendrum [WilliaWa1988]. Viscaceae: Phoradendron [Lepage1938]. Zamiaceae: Zamia [Merril1953]. Zingiberaceae: Elettaria cardamomum [WilliaWa1988]. Zygophyllaceae: Guaiacum officinale [Leonar1908a, Leonar1920, GomezM1962], Porliera angustifolia [Ferris1938a, McKenz1956].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Angola [Almeid1973b]; Cameroon [Vayssi1913, MatileNo1984]; Comoros [Matile1978]; Kenya [DeLott1967a]; Madagascar [Mamet1950, Mamet1954, Mamet1959a, Borchs1966]; Mauritius [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966]; Mozambique [Almeid1973]; Reunion [Mamet1957]; Saint Helena [Matile1976]; Senegal [EtiennMa1993]; Seychelles [Mamet1943a, Borchs1966]; Uganda [Newste1910c, Gowdey1917, Newste1917b]; Zanzibar [Green1916]. Australasian: Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) [Kawai1987]; Cook Islands [WilliaWa1988]; Fiji [Green1915c, Newste1917b, WilliaWa1988]; French Polynesia (Society Islands [WilliaWa1988], Tahiti [WilliaWa1988]); Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii [Zimmer1948]); Kiribati [WilliaWa1988]; Marshall Islands [Beards1966]; New Caledonia [Cohic1958]; Papua New Guinea [WilliaWa1988]; Tonga [WilliaWa1988]; Tuvalu [WilliaWa1988]; Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) [WilliaBu1987, WilliaWa1988]; Western Samoa [Laing1927, WilliaWa1988]. Nearctic: United States of America (California [McKenz1956], Florida [Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923, Ferris1938a, Merril1953, Dekle1965c], Georgia [BesheaTiHo1973], Mississippi [Herric1911], Missouri [Hollin1923], Texas [Ferris1938a]). Neotropical: Argentina (Buenos Aires [GranarCl2003], Catamarca [GranarCl2003], Cordoba [Lizery1936], Jujuy [GranarCl2003], La Rioja [GranarCl2003], Salta [GranarCl2003], Santiago del Estero [GranarCl2003], Tucuman [GranarCl2003]); Brazil [WolffCo1993a] (Bahia [Lepage1938], Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) [Lepage1938], Espirito Santo [CulikMaVe2008], Rio de Janeiro [Lepage1938, RosenDe1979], Sao Paulo [Hempel1900a, Lepage1938]); Colombia [Kondo2001]; Cuba [Houser1918]; Guadeloupe [Balach1957c, MatileEt2006]; Martinique [Balach1957c, MatileEt2006]; Panama [Ferris1942]; Peru [VasqueDeCo2002]; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island (Puerto Rico [ColonFMe1998]); U.S. Virgin Islands [Nakaha1983]. Oriental: India [Green1919c]; Indonesia (Java [Green1904a], Sumatra [Green1937]); Philippines [Velasq1971] (Luzon [Velasq1971]); Sri Lanka [Green1896e, Green1911, Ramakr1921a, Green1937]; Taiwan [Takaha1929, Takaha1932a, Takagi1969a, WongChCh1999]. Palaearctic: Canary Islands [GomezM1962, MatileOr2001]; China (Henan (=Honan) [Shen1993]); Czech Republic [Zahrad1953, Zahrad1977, Zahrad1990b]; Egypt [Hall1922, Hall1923, Ezzat1958]; France [Balach1932d, Balach1932e, Balach1937c, Ferris1938a]; Georgia (Adzhar ASSR [Borchs1934, Borchs1936]); Germany [Lindin1909b]; Greece [Korone1934]; Ireland [Green1934d]; Israel [GersonZo1973]; Italy [Leonar1908a, Leonar1920, LongoMaPe1995]; Japan [Kuwana1907, Kuwana1917a, Kuwana1933, Green1937, Kawai1980]; Poland [Komosi1969, Dziedz1989]; Turkey [Bodenh1949, Bodenh1952, KaydanUlEr2007].
BIOLOGY: This species was reported to have uniparental as well as biparental populations (Gerson & Zor, 1973).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Kuwana (1933), Ferris (1938a), Balachowsky (1948b, 1956), Zimmerman (1948), McKenzie (1956), Komosinska (1969), Takagi (1969a), Velasquez (1971), Chou (1985, 1986), Dziedzicka (1989), Zahradnik (1990b), Danzig (1993), Kosztarab (1996), Gill (1997), Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998) and by Zamudio & Claps (2005).
STRUCTURE: Scale of the female flat, elongate oval, whitish or gray, exuviae central; that of the male similar in the form, the exuvia near one end (Ferris, 1938a). Colour colour photograph by Gill (1997) and by Wong et al. (1999).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: The cyanophyllum scale is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. It is highly polyphagous causing damage to various ornamentals (Davidson & Miller, 1990). Economic importance on avocado trees in Israel discussed by Gerson & Zor (1973). Lever (1945) recorded this species doing damage to Psidium guajava in Fiji. Greve & Ismay (1983) and Williams & Watson (1988) reported on damage to tea in Western Highlands Province (W.H.P.), Papua New Guinea.
KEYS: Gill 1997: 32 (female) [Species of California]; Kosztarab 1996: 410-411 (female) [Northeastern North America]; Danzig 1993: 169 (female) [Europe]; Chou 1985: 306 (female) [Species of China]; Gerson & Zor 1973: 516 (female) [Israel]; Velasquez 1971: 110 (female) [Philippines]; Komosinska 1969: 76-78 (female) [World]; McDaniel 1969: 101 (female) [U.S.A.: Texas]; Beardsley 1966: 520 (female) [Federated States of Micronesia]; Davidson 1964: 639-640 (female) [North America]; Ezzat 1958: 240 (female) [Egypt]; Balachowsky 1956: 16 (female) [Africa]; McKenzie 1956: 26 (female) [U.S.A.: California]; Balachowsky 1948b: 308 (female) [Mediterranean]; Lupo 1948: 139 (female) [Italy]; Zimmerman 1948: 358 (female) [Hawaii]; Ferris 1942: 34 (female) [North America]; Kuwana 1933: 3 (female) [Japan]; Kuwana 1933b: 49 (female) [Japan]; Fullaway 1932: 97, 107 (female) [Hawaii]; Britton 1923: 371 (female) [U.S.A.: Connecticut]; Hollinger 1923: 7-8 (female) [U.S.A.: Missouri]; Leonardi 1920: 29-30 (female) [Italy]; Lawson 1917: 217 (female) [U.S.A.: Kansas]; Dietz & Morrison 1916a: 289-290 (female) [U.S.A.: Indiana]; Newstead 1901b: 82 (female) [England]; Green 1896e: 40 (female) [Sri Lanka]; Comstock 1883: 55-57 (female) [North America].
CITATIONS: AbdRab2001a [host, distribution, biological control: 175,176]; AbdRab2004b [distribution, biological control: 334-335]; AbouEl2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 185-195]; Almeid1973 [host, distribution: 3]; Almeid1973b [host, distribution: 7]; Archan1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 99,105]; Balach1932e [host, distribution: 236]; Balach1937c [host, distribution: 2]; Balach1948b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 322-325]; Balach1953k [taxonomy: 113]; Balach1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 16-18]; Balach1957c [host, distribution: 199]; Beards1966 [host, distribution: 520]; BeardsDaHo1976 [economic importance: 103]; BenDovGe2003 [catalogue: 19-27]; BesheaTiHo1973 [host, distribution: 4]; BiezanSe1940 [host, distribution: 67-68]; Bodenh1949 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 50-52]; Bodenh1952 [host, distribution, structure: 337]; Bondar1930 [host, distribution, economic importance: 343-348]; Bondar1930a [host, distribution, economic importance: 17-19]; Borchs1934 [host, distribution: 28]; Borchs1935a [taxonomy: 30]; Borchs1936 [host, distribution: 131]; Borchs1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 125-126]; Borchs1937a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 46,47]; Borchs1939 [taxonomy: 9, 22]; Borchs1950b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 219,224]; Borchs1966 [catalogue: 314-315]; Brick1912 [host, distribution: 1-22]; Britto1923 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 371,373]; BurgerUl1990 [economic importance: 313-327]; CanaleVa1999 [biological control]; Castel1951a [biological control: 95-98]; CharleHe2002 [host, distribution, economic importance: 587-615]; Chazea1984 [host, distribution, biological control: 9-10]; Chiesa1948 [host, distribution, economic importance]; Chou1985 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 306-307]; Chou1986 [taxonomy, illustration: 687]; ChuaWo1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 543-552]; ClapsDe2001 [host, distribution: 80]; ClapsDo2003 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15-16]; ClapsWoGo2001a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 10]; Cocker1896b [distribution: 334]; Cocker1897i [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 20,27,29]; Cocker1897q [taxonomy: 703]; Cocker1899d [host, distribution: 168]; Cocker1899n [host, distribution: 21-22]; Cohic1956 [host, distribution]; Cohic1958 [host, distribution: 12]; ColonFMe1998 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 32-34]; Comsto1883 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 59-61]; Costan1938 [host, distribution: 25-44]; CulikMaVe2008 [host, distribution: 1-6]; Danzig1964 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 652]; Danzig1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution, economic importance: 206]; Danzig1993 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 170-171]; Danzig1995 [taxonomy, life history, structure: 19-24]; DanzigPe1998 [catalogue: 271]; Davids1964 [taxonomy: 639]; DavidsMi1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 603-632]; DeBachRo1976a [host, distribution, biological control: 541-545]; DEDAC1923 [host, distribution]; Dekle1965c [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 68]; Dekle1976 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 22]; DeLott1967a [host, distribution: 114]; DeSant1979 [biological control]; DicksoFl1955 [host, distribution: 614-615]; DietzMo1916a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 294-295]; Dozier1926 [host, distribution, biological control: 267-277]; Dzhash1971 [host, distribution: 325-326]; Dziedz1989 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 95-96]; Ehrhor1913 [host, distribution: 101]; EtiennMa1993 [host, distribution: 257]; Ezzat1958 [distribution: 240]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 86]; FDACSB1983 [host, distribution: 6-8]; FDACSB1988 [host, distribution: 5-6]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 255]; Ferris1938a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 237]; Ferris1941e [taxonomy: 42]; Ferris1942 [host, distribution: 445:10;446:33]; Foldi2001 [distribution: 303-308]; FonsecAu1932a [host, distribution: 202-214]; Fullaw1932 [taxonomy: 97,107]; Gaprin1975 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 29-33]; Garcia1930 [host, distribution, biological control]; Gavalo1936 [host, distribution: 80]; Gentry1965 [host, distribution, economic importance ]; GermaiMa2005 [host, distribution: 34]; GermaiMaPi2002 [host, distribution: 255]; Gerson1990 [taxonomy: 130,132]; GersonZo1973 [taxonomy, life history, host, distribution, economic importance: 513-533]; Ghauri1962 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 98,211]; Gill1997 [host, distribution, taxonomy, description, illustration, economic importance: 33,35]; GomezM1962 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 163-165]; Gowdey1913 [host, distribution: 247-249]; Gowdey1917 [host, distribution: 189]; GranarCl2003 [host, distribution: 625-637]; GrandpCh1899 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 24-25]; Green1896e [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 51-52]; Green1904a [host, distribution: 208]; Green1907 [host, distribution: 203]; Green1911 [host, distribution: 28]; Green1915c [host, distribution: 44]; Green1916 [host, distribution: 376]; Green1919c [host, distribution: 439]; Green1931a [host, distribution: 105]; Green1934d [distribution: 114]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 329]; GreenMa1907 [taxonomy, distribution: 343]; Hadzib1983 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history, biological control, economic importance: 232-234]; Halber1996 [host, distribution: 4-10]; Hall1922 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 24-25]; Hall1923 [host, distribution: 42]; Hargre1937 [host, distribution, economic importance: 505-520]; HeBaLu1998 [life history, ecology: 1-3]; HeCuBa1991 [life history: 58-60]; Hempel1900a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 498]; Herric1911 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 9,15,48]; Hinckl1963 [host, distribution, biological control]; Hollin1923 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 10-11]; Houser1918 [host, distribution: 165]; Hunt1939 [host, distribution: 548-566]; Janezi1954 [host, distribution: 124]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 220]; Kawai1987 [host, distribution: 78]; KaydanUlEr2007 [host, distribution: 93]; Kiritc1932a [taxonomy: 245]; Komosi1961 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 224-226]; Komosi1969 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 56-58]; Kondo2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 43]; Korone1934 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 2-3]; Koszta1996 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 412-413]; Kuwana1907 [host, distribution: 195]; Kuwana1917a [taxonomy, distribution: 174]; Kuwana1933 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 3,7-8]; Laing1927 [host, distribution: 39]; Lawson1917 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 222-223]; Leonar1897 [taxonomy: 285]; Leonar1898a [taxonomy: 75]; Leonar1898c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 53-55]; Leonar1908a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 188]; Leonar1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 44-47]; Lepage1938 [catalogue: 393-394]; Lepesm1947 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history: 208-210]; LiLi1990 [host, biological control: 68-70]; Lindin1909b [host, distribution: 149]; Lindin1909c [taxonomy, host, distribution: 449]; Lindin1910b [host, distribution: 34]; Lindin1912b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 119,240]; Lindin1935 [taxonomy: 128,147]; Lindin1957 [taxonomy: 543]; Lizery1936 [host, distribution: 113]; LongoMaPe1995 [distribution: 125]; Lupo1948 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 139,169-173]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 397,407]; Maleno1916a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 326]; Mamet1943a [catalogue: 160]; Mamet1949 [catalogue: 59,60]; Mamet1950 [host, distribution: 22]; Mamet1954 [host, distribution: 17]; Mamet1957 [distribution: 369]; Mamet1959a [host, distribution: 387]; Mansfi1920 [host, distribution: 145-155]; Maskew1916 [host, distribution: 308-309]; Matile1976 [host, distribution: 310-311]; Matile1978 [host, distribution: 60]; MatileEt2006 [host, distribution: 167]; MatileNo1984 [host, distribution: 64]; MatileOr2001 [host, distribution: 189]; McDani1969 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 103]; McKenz1943 [taxonomy: 153]; McKenz1946 [taxonomy: 30]; McKenz1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 65-68]; Mead1983 [host, distribution: 1-5]; Merril1953 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 17-20]; MerrilCh1923 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 199]; MetcalMe1993 [economic importance, host, distribution, control]; Miller1983 [host, distribution: 4-6]; MillerDa1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 300]; MillerDa2005 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 38-41]; Moreir1921b [host, distribution: 182]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy: 1]; MoutiaMa1947 [distribution]; Muraka1970 [host, distribution: 69]; NagarkSa1990 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 553-562]; Nakaha1982 [host, distribution: 1]; Nakaha1983 [host, distribution: 8]; Newste1901b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 82,124-126]; Newste1910c [host, distribution: 198-199]; Newste1914 [host, distribution: 307]; Newste1917b [host, distribution: 131]; Peleka1962 [host, distribution: 62]; PonsonCo2000 [life history, biological control: 295-310]; PriesnHo1940 [biological control: 58-70]; Ramakr1919a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 18]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 356]; Ramakr1930 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 22-23]; RibeirCoFe2003 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 99-107]; RosenDe1979 [host, distribution, biological control: 244-247,545-548]; Saakya1954 [host, distribution, economic importance]; Sander1904a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 55,59]; Schmut1957a [host, distribution: 134-136]; Schmut1959 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 59]; Schmut1969 [host, distribution: 116]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 477]; SchmutKlLu1959 [taxonomy: 374]; Shen1993 [host, distribution: 57]; Shiao1979 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, ecology: 267-276]; Signor1869 [taxonomy: 850]; Signor1869b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 119]; Silva1944 [host, distribution: 8-14]; Soares1942 [host, distribution, economic importance: 54-56]; Soares1945 [host, distribution, economic importance: 49-81]; Strong1922 [host, distribution: 775-780]; Sugimo1994 [host, distribution: 115-121]; SugimoKaTa1996 [host, distribution: 99-101]; Swirsk1976b [host, distribution, economic importance: 555-559]; SwirskWyIz2002 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance, biological control: 101-102]; Takagi1969a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 78-79,101]; Takaha1929 [host, distribution: 79]; Takaha1932a [host, distribution: 103]; Takaha1933 [host, distribution: 27]; Tang1984 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 52-53]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 67]; UlgentCa2004 [host, distribution: 79-84]; Varshn2002 [host, distribution: 17-18]; VasqueDeCo2002 [host, distribution: 331]; Vayssi1913 [host, distribution: 430]; Velasq1971 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 114-117]; WilliaBu1987 [host, distribution: 94]; WilliaGr1990 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 563-578]; WilliaWa1988 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 8,22-24]; Wilson1917 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 20-21]; WolffCo1993a [host, distribution: 153]; WongChCh1999 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 18,57]; Woolle1990 [biological control: 167-176]; Wysoki1997 [host, distribution, economic importance: 805-811]; Yasar1995a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 37-39]; Zahrad1953 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 131,134-136]; Zahrad1977 [taxonomy, distribution: 119]; Zahrad1990b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 76-78]; ZamudiCl2005 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 257]; Zimmer1948 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, biological control: 358,360].
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