Measurement Procedures

(1) WEIGHT

Subject stands on clinical scales dressed in briefs or bathing suit. Weight is measured to the nearest tenth of a kilogram and typed into the computer.

(2) STATURE

Subject stands erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane, arms hanging at sides. With an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to vertex (top of the head).

(3)VERTICAL GRIP REACH

Subject stands erect with feet together, right side against wall, grasping the handle of the grip device in right hand, extending right arm to maximum vertical reach. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the floor to the most distal point on the handle of the grip device.

(4) FRONTAL GRIP REACH

Subject stands erect with feet together, back to wall, grasping the handle of the grip device in right hand. The anthropometrist holds the subject's right shoulder against the wall as the subject extends right arm to maximum horizontal grip reach. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal distance from the wall to the most distal point on the handle of the grip device.

(5) LATERAL GRIP REACH

Subject stands erect with feet together, left shoulder against wall, grasping the handle of the grip device in right hand, and abducts extended right arm to maximum horizontal grip reach. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal distance from the wall to the most distal point on the handle of the grip device.

(6) STEP HEIGHT

Subject stands erect facing wall with palms of hands resting lightly again-st wall at shoulder level for balance. Subject raises right foot to maximum height from floor. With the paddle blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the floor to the ball of the foot.

(7) SUPINE STATURE

Subject lies on back on the CG device with feet firmly against the foot reference plane. The arms are olaced at the sides with the leqs straight. Using the block and tape on the CG device, measure the location of the top of the head. The measurement is typed into the computer and the distance from the foot reference plane to the top of the head is computed.

(8) STANDING CENTER OF GRAVITY

Subject lies on back on the CG device with the feet placed firmly against the foot reference Plane. The arms are Placed at the sides with the legs straight. The horizontal distance of the center of gravity from the reference plane (Di) is computed. The distance is reported as measured and as a Percent of supine stature. [(DI/supine stature) x 100)].

(9) ERECT SITTING HEIGHT

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane, arms hanging at sides. With the paddle blade of an automated anthro- pometer, measure the vertical distance from the sitting surface to vertex (top of the head).

(10) EYE HEIGHT (SITTING)

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the sitting surface to the external canthus (outer corner) of the right eye.

(11) MAXIMUM HIP BREADTH, SITTING

Subject sits erect with knees together, feet resting on a platform adjusted for 900 knee flexion. With the paddle blades of an auto- mated anthropometer, measure the maximum breadth across the hips parallel to the seated surface at a fixed pressure value.

(12) MAXIMUM THIGH BREADTH, SITTING

Subject sits erect with knees together, feet resting on a platform adjusted for 900 flexion. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the maximum breadth across the thighs at a fixed pressure value.

(13) THIGH CLEARANCE

Subject sits erect, feet resting together on a platform adjusted for 900 knee flexion. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the sitting surface to the highest point on the superior surface of the thigh at the abdominal-thigh junction.

(14) BUTTOCK-KNEE LENGTH

Subject sits erect, feet resting on a platform adjusted for 901 knee flexion. With the paddle blades of an automated anthro- pometer, measure the distance from the posterior surface of the right buttock to the anterior surface of the knee parallel to the long axis of the upper leg.

(15) KNEE HEIGHT

Subject sits erect, feet resting on a platform adjusted for 900 knee flexion. With the paddle blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the foot-resting surface to the top of the right knee, just in back and above the patella (knee cap).

(16) SUPINE SITTING HEIGHT

Subject lies on back on the CG device with legs placed over the ad- justable Support so that the knees form a 90 degree angle, the buttocks are firmly against the reference plane, and the upper legs are approximately 90 degrees to the torso. The arms are placed at the sides. Using the block and tape on the CG device, measure the location of the top of the head. The measurement is typed into the computer and the distance from the buttocks reference plane to the too of the head is computed.

(17) SEATED CENTER OF GRAVITY

Subject lies on back on the CG device with legs placed over the ad- justable support so that the knees from a 90 angle, the buttocks are firmly against the reference plane, and the upper legs are aoproxi- mately 90 to the torso. The arms are placed at the sides. The horizontal distance of the center of gravity from the buttocks reference plane (D2) and vertical distance of the center of gravity from the CG platform (D3) are computed. The horizontal distance is reported as measured and as a percent Of Supine sitting heiaht [(D2/ supine sitting ht) x 100)]. The vertical distance is also reported as measured and as a percent of buttock-knee length [(D3/buttock-knee L) x 100)].

(18) HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the circumference of the head at the level of the plane passing above glabella (most anterior protrusion of forehead) and through opisthocranion (most posterior protrusion from glabella on the back of the head), perpendicular to the mid-sagittal plane.

( 1 9 ) HEAD BREADTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane, arms hanging at sides. With the naddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum . breadth of the head above and behind the ears.

(20) HEAD LENGTH

Subject stands erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer or sliding caliper, measure the distance from the glabella (most anterior protrusion of the forehead) to opisthocranion (most posterior point from glabella on the back of the head).

(21) BIZYGOMATIC BREADTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum horizontal breadth of the face between the zygomatic arches.

(22) FRONTAL BREADTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the horizontal distances across the lateral bony ends of the brow ridges.

(23) LOWER FACE HEIGHT

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane, with jaws closed. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the vertical distance of the lower face from menton to sellion.

(24) FACE HEIGHT

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane with jaws closed. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the vertical distance of the face from menton to crinion.

(25) HEAD HEIGHT

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane with jaws closed. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropo- meter, measure the height of the head perpendicular to the Frank- fort Plane from menton to vertex.

(26) TRAGION TO BACK OF HEAD

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the hori- zontal distance from tragion to opisthocranion (most posterior point from glabella on the back of head)

(27) TRAGION TO TOP OF HEAD

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the vertical distance from tragion to vertex.

(28 ) EAR-SELLION DEPTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure parallel to the mid-sagittal plane the distance from sellion to the richt ear at the superior attachment of the ear to the head.

(29) BITRAGION BREADTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With spreading calipers, measure the distance from riaht to left tragion. The measurement is typed into the computer.

(30) MOUTH BREADTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane, mouth closed naturally. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the horizontal distance between the angles of the mouth at the points where the mucous membrane joins the skin.

(31) NOSE LENGTH

Subject sits erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the vertical distance from subnasale to sellion.

(32) NECK CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With an automated tape device, measure the circumference of the neck perpendicular to the long axis of the neck at the midpoint.

(33) LATERAL NECK BREADTH

Subject stands erect with head oriented in the Frankfort Plane. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the breadth at the midpoint of the neck perpendicular to the long axis of the neck at a fixed pressure value.

(34) CLAVICALE-ACROMION LENGTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance between right clavicale and right acromion.

(3 5) SHOULDER BREADTH

Subject stands erect, upper arms at sides, and elbows flexed 900. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal breadth across the shoulders at a fixed pressure value.

( 36) BIACROMIAL BREADTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal distance between the most lateral edges of the right and left acromion landmarks.

( 3 7 ) SHOULDER-ELBOW LENGTH

Subject stands erect, upper arms hanging at sides and elbows flexed 900. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance from the superior surface of the right shoulder to the inferior surface of the foream just below the elbow parallel to the long axis of the upper am.

( 38) ACROMION-RADIALE LENGTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance parallel to the long axis of the right upper arm from acromion to radiate.

( 39) UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the circumference of the right arm perpen- dicular to the long axis of the limb midway between the shoulder and elbow.

(40) UPPER ARM DEPTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides with palms in. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the horizontal depth (anterior-posterior) of the right arm midway between the shoulder and elbow at a fixed pressure value.

(41 ) ELBOW-HAND LENGTH (LOWER ARM LENGTH)

Subject stands erect, upper arms hanging at sides and elbows flexed 900 with hands and fingers extended. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance from the posterior surface of the right upper am just above the elbow to the tip of the middle finger parallel to the long axis of the forearm.

( 42) RADIALE-STYLION LENGTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides with palms forward. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance from radiate to stylion, parallel to the long axis of the right forearm.

(4 3 ) FOREARM CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the maximum circumference of the right fore- arm perpendicular to the long axis of the limb.

(44 ) FOREARM BREADTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides with palms in. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum breadth of the right forearm at the level of the maximum circumference at a fixed pressure value.

( 4 5 ) WRIST CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the minimum circumference of the right wrist above the distal (ulna) styloid process.

( 46 ) WRIST BREADTH

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides with palms in. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the minimum horizontal breadth (medio-lateral) of the right wrist above the distal (ulna) styloid process.

( 47 ) HAND LENGTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the distance from the wrist crease to the tip of the middle finger parallel to the fingers.

( 48) HAND BREADTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up, thumb away (abducted) from hand. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the width across the knuckles of the hand.

(49 ) MINIMUM HAND CLEARANCE

Subject extends right hand reduced to its narrowest configuration. With a hand measurement board, record the smallest diameter through which the hand can pass without forcing it. The measurement is typed into the computer.

( 50 ) THUMB CROTCH-MIDDLE FINGER LENGTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up, thumb away (abducted) from hand. With an automated sliding caliper, measure the distance from the crotch of the thumb to the tip of middle finger parallel to the fingers. A constant correction factor for the caliper blade offset is added to the measurement.

( 51 ) THUMB LENGTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up, thumb away (abducted) from hand. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the distance from the skin crease at the base of the thumb to the tip of the thumb parallel to the long axis of the thumb.

( 5 2 ) THUMB DIAMETER

Subject extends thumb of right hand. With a finger measurement board, record the greatest diameter through which the first joint of the thumb cannot pass. The measurement is typed into the computer.

( 5 3 ) INDEX FINGER LENGTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the distance from the skin crease at the base of the index finger to the tip of the index finger parallel to the long axis of the index finger.

( 54) INDEX FINGER DIAMETER

Subject extends index finger of right hand. With a finger measurement board, record the greatest diameter through which the first joint of the index finger cannot pass. The measurement is typed into the computer.

( 5 5 ) MIDDLE FINGER LENGTH

Subject extends right hand and fingers with palm up. With the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the distance from the skin crease at the base of the middle finger to the tip of the middle finger parallel to the long axis of the middle finger.

( 56 ) MIDDLE FINGER DIAMETER

Subject extends middle finger of right hand. With a finger measure- ment board, record the greatest diameter through which the first joint of the middle finger cannot pass. The measurement is typed into the computer.

( 5 7 ) MIDDLE FINGER-THUMB GRIP LENGTH

Subject grasps the pointed blades of an automated sliding caliper with right hand. Measure the distance between the middle phalanges of the middle finger and thumb keeping the middle phalanges of these digits parallel.

( 5 8 ) MAXIMUM FIST CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject extends right hand contracted to form a fist, thumb lying across fingers. With an automated tape device, measure the maximum circumference of the fist by passing the tape over the thumb and across the knuckles.

( 59 ) MAXIMUM FIST BREADTH

Subject extends right hand contracted to form a fist, thumb lying across fingers. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum breadth across the fist of the hand at the level of the knuckles.

(60) MAXIMUM FIST DEPTH

Subject extends right hand contracted to form a fist, thumb lying across fingers. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum depth of the fist of the hand between the knuckles and thumb.

(61 ) SUPRASTERNALE HEIGHT

Subject stands erect, feet together, weight evenly distributed, arms hanging at sides. With the pointed blade of an automated anthro- pometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to suprasternale.

( 6 2 ) CHEST HEIGHT AT AXILLA

Subject stands erect, with feet together, weight evenly distributed, arms initially raised then lowered when instrument is in place. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the right axilla (armpit)

( 6 3) CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE AT AXILLA

Subject stands erect, arms initially raised, then lowered when tape is in place. With an automated tape device, measure the horizontal circumference of the chest during normal breathing at the level of the axilla (armpit)

(6 4) CHEST BREADTH AT AXILLA

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed, arms initially raised then lowered when instrument is in place. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal breadth of the chest at the level of the axilla (armpit)

( 6 5) WAIST HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together and weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the umbilicus (navel)

( 6 6 ) WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed, and arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the horizontal circumference of the waist during normal breathing at the level of the umbilicus (navel)

( 6 7 ) WAIST BREADTH

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal breadth of the torso at the level of the umbilicus (navel) at a fixed pressure value.

( 6 8) NATURAL WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect, arms hanging at sides. With an automated tape device, measure the circumference of the torso at the natural waist.

(69 ) ILIOCRISTALE (PELVIS) HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the highest point on the right iliac crest of the pelvis.

( 70 ) HIP HEIGHT AT BUTTOCKS

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the maximum posterior protrusion of the buttocks.

(71) HIP CIRCUMFERENCE AT BUTTOCKS

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With an automated tape device, measure the maximum horizontal circumference of the hips at the level of the greatest posterior protrusion of the buttocks, as viewed from the side.

( 7 2 ) HIP BREADTH AT TROCHANTER

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distri- buted. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the horizontal distance between the right and left greater trochanter landmarks.

( 7 3 ) ILIOSPINALE (PELVIS) HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the right anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis.

( 7 4) BISPINOUS BREADTH

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blades of an automated anthropometer, measure the distance between the right and left anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis.

( 7 5 ) GLUTEAL FURROW HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the lowest point where the buttock curve and the back of the right thigh join.

( 7 6 ) TROCHANTERIC HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distri- buted. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the right trochanter landmark.

( 7 7 ) UPPER THIGH CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect with legs slightly separated, weight evenly distributed. With an automated tape device, measure the horizontal circumference of the right thigh at the level of the gluteal furrow.

( 7 8) UPPER THIGH DEPTH

Subject stands erect with feet together and weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of an automated anthropometer or sliding caliper, measure the horizontal depth (anterior-posterior) of the right thigh at the level of the gluteal furrow at a fixed pressure value.

( 79 ) TIBIALE HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together, weight evenly distri- buted. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to right tibiale.

(80) CALF CIRCUMFERENCE HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet together and weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the standing surface to the right calf at the level of the calf circumference measurement.

(81 ) CALF CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect with legs slightly separated, weight evenly distributed. With an automated tape device, measure the maximum horizontal circumference of the right calf.

( 82 ) CALF DEPTH

Subject stands erect with feet together and weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the horizontal (anterior-posterior) depth of the right calf at the level of maximum circumference.

( 8 3) ANKLE CIRCUMFERENCE

Subject stands erect with feet slightly separated, weight evenly distributed. With an automated tape device, measure the minimum horizontal circumference of the right ankle above the malleoli.

(84) ANKLE BREADTH

Subject stands erect with feet apart, weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the minimum horizontal breadth of the right ankle above the malleoli.

(85) SPHYRION HEIGHT

Subject stands erect with feet apart, weight evenly distributed. With the pointed blade of an automated anthropometer, measure the vertical distance from the floor to right sphyrion. The constant height from the floor to the standing surface is sub- tracted to give.the height from the standing surface to sphyrion.

( 86 ) FOOT LENGTH

Subject stands with feet apart, weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of either the automated anthropometer or sliding caliper, measure the distance from the heel to the longest toe of the right foot parallel to the long axis of the foot.

(87) FOOT BREADTH

Subject stands with feet apart, weight evenly distributed. With the paddle blades of an automated sliding caliper, measure the maximum width across the ball of the right foot.