Transportation Demand Module

[32] U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, “Summary of Fuel Economy Performance”, (Washington, DC, March 2004).

[33] Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, “Product Differentiation and Oligopoly In International Markets: The
Case of The U.S. Automobile Industry,” Econometrica, Vol. 63, No.4 (July, 1995), 891-951.

[34] Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, Fuel Efficiency Degradation Fact, Final Report, Prepared for Energy Information Administration (EIA), (Vienna, VA, August 3, 1992); U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2003, (Washington, DC, December, 2004).

[35] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Fleet Characteristics And Data Issues,” Davis, Stacy C, Lorena
Truett, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, january 2003).

[36] Energy Information Administration, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2000, http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/atf1-13_00.html.

[37] Final rule for the alternative fuels transportation programs, Federal Register, Vol. 61, p. 10622, March 14, 1996.

[38] State of California, Air Resources Board, Resolution 03-4, April 24, 2003; State of California, Air
Resources Board, Proposed 2003 Amendments to the California Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation, July
29, 2003.

[39] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 35.

[40] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 35.

[41] Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, “Investigation of Class 2B Trucks (Vehicles of 8,500 to 10,000
LBS GVWR),” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-2002/49, March 2002.

[42] Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, op.cit., Note 41.

[43] Greenspan, Alan, and Darrel Cohen, “Motor Vehicle Stocks, Scrappage, and Sales,” Federal
Reserve Board (Washington, DC, October 30, 1996).

[44] Davis, Stacy C., and Susan W. Diegel, Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 24, Center for Transportation Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Table 3.7, page 3-10, ORNL-6970, (Oak Ridge, TN, December, 2004).

[45] Davis, Stacy C., Lorena F. Truett, op.cit., Note 41.

[46] Greene, David L. and S.M. Chin, “Alternative Fuels and Vehicles (AFV) Model Changes,” Center for
Transportation Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, November 14, 2000).

[47] U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, prepared by Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions: Potential Impacts of Energy Technologies by 2010 and Beyond, (Washington, DC, 1998).

[48] Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Updates to the Fuel Economy Model (FEM) and Advanced
Technology Vehicle (ATV) Module of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation
Model, Prepared for the Energy Information Administration (EIA), (Arlington, VA, October 23, 2000).

[49] Energy Information Administration, op.cit., Note 36.
[50] Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data 2001 Consumption,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_use_multistate.html#html_format.

[51] Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, “Re-estimation of Freight Adjustment Coefficients,” Report prepared for the Energy Information Administration (EIA), February 28, 1995).

[52] Reebie Associates, TRANSEARCH Freight Commodity Flow Database, (Greenwich, CT, 1992).

[53] U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Data 1997, EC-97-TV-US, (Washington, DC, October 1999).

[54] Vyas, A., C. Saricks, and F. Stodolsky, “The Potential Effect of Future Energy Efficiency and Emissions Improving Technology on Fuel Consumption of Heavy Trucks,” Argonne National Laboratory, (Argonne, IL, 2002).

[55] Davis, Stacy C., “Memorandum on the Distribution of Trucks by Age and Weight: 2000 Truck
Population,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, November 2001)

[56] Davis, Stacy C., op. cit., Note 55.

[57] Schmoyer, Rick, “Scrappage of Heavy Trucks – Estimates for the Year 2000,” Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, DRAFT, (Oak Ridge, TN, June 2001).

[58] Decision Analysis Corporation of Virginia, op. cit. Note 51.

[59] Reebie Associates, op. cit., Note 52.

[60] Argonne National Laboratory, Transportation Energy Demand Through 2010, (Argonne, IL, 1992).

[61] U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, “1989 Carload Waybill Statistics; Territorial Distribution, Traffic and Revenue by Commodity Classes,” (September 1991 and Prior issues).

[62] Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 50.

[63] Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, (Waterborne Statistics
Center: New Orleans, LA, 1993).

[64] Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 50.

[65] Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Summary Data (Form
41, Schedules T-1 and T-2), (2005). http://www.transtats.bts.gov/DataIndex.asp; link: Air Carrier
Summary Data (Form 41 and 298C Summary Data).

[66] Bureau of Transportation Statistics, op. cit., Note 65.

[67] U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airport Capacity Benchmark
Report 2004, (2004).

[68] Jet Information Services Inc., World Jet Inventory: Year-End 2005, (December 2005).

[69] Bureau of Transportation Statistics, op. cit., Note 65.
[70] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Efficiency Improvement of Potential Commercial Aircraft to
2010, ORNL-6622, (Oak Ridge, TN, June 1990), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Air Transport Energy
Use Model, Draft Report, (Oak Ridge, TN, April 1991).

[71] Oak Ridge National Laboratory, op. cit., Note 70.

[72] Energy Information Administration, op. cit., Note 70.

[73] Energy Information Administration, op. cit. Note 36

[74] Bobbit, The Fleet Fact Book, (Redondo Beach, California, 1995).

[75] U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey, Microdata
File on CD, (Washington, DC, 1995).

[76] U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy, Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Flexible and Alternative Fuel Use in the U.S. Transportation Sector, Technical Report Fourteen: Market Potential and Impacts of Alternative-Fuel Use in Light-Duty Vehicles: A 2000/2010 Analysis, (Washington, DC, 1995).

[77] Ibid.

[78] Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., “Documentation of Technologies Included in the NEMS Fuel Economy Model for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks,” Prepared for the Energy Information Administration, (Arlington, VA, September 30, 2002).

[79] Vyas, A., C. Saricks, and F. Stodolsky, “Projected Effect of Turture Efficiency and Emissions
Improving Technologies on Fuel Consumption of Heavy Trucks,” Argonne National Laboratory, (Argonne, IL, 2001).