---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Brink, W. and J. Van Den. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: The behaviour of wisent and bison in larger enclosures. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 25:115-130. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and J.M. Wojcik. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Behavior and daily activity rythym of European bison in winter. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 28:273-299. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and J.M. Wojcik. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Rythym of daily activity and behavior of European bison in the Bialowieza forest in the period without snow cover. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 32:335-372. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: The cow-calf relationship and rutting behavior in American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: Bison behaviour. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 2:406. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: The social integration of the bison calf. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 2:406. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Englehard, J.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Behavior patterns of American bison calves at the National Bison Range, Moise, Montana. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Central Michigan Univ., Mt. Pleasant. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fischer, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Observations on behavior of lone bull bison. SOURCE: Iowa Acad. Sci. 74:87-91. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1960 TITLE: Behavior and social organization of the wild bison of Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. SOURCE: Arctic 13:3-19. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Galland, J.C. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Group size dynamics of herding animals. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Calif., Davis. 136 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Giovengo, S.L. and G.H. Waring. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Social development of the American bison calf. SOURCE: Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:505. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Goszczynski, J., Z. Gizejewski, and J. Baranski. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Ethological observation on parturition and the time of uterus involution. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:81. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Age-related differences in nursing behavior among American bison cows (Bison bison). SOURCE: J. Mammal. 67:739-741. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-daughter interactions in American bison (Bison bison): factors associated with individual variation. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 212 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H., J.G. Griswold, and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Post-weaning associations among bison mothers and daughters. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 38:847-858. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and J. Berger. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Maternal investment in sons and daughters:problems of methodology. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. 27:99-102. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Sex bias or equal opportunity? Patterns of maternal investment in bison. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29:373-384. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison. SOURCE: Oecologia 86:521-527. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Herrig, D. and A.0. Haugen. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Bull bison behavior traits. SOURCE: Proc. of the Iowa Acad. of Sci. 76:245-262. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Jackson, W.M. and R.L. Winnegrad. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Linearity in dominance hierarchies: a second look at the indi- vidual attributes model. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 36:1237-1240. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krasinska, M., K Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Spacing pattern of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza primeval forest. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union. Game Biol. 18:95. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1969 TITLE: Postural aspects of threat and submission signalling in mature male American bison. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 9:1071. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: Bison would rather breed than fight. SOURCE: Nat. Hist. 81:40-45. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Sexual and aggresive behavior of adult male American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: pp. 382-294. IN: The Behavior of Ungulates and its Relation to Management. (V. Geist and F. Walther, eds.). IUCN, Morges, Switzerland. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Hair display loss in mature male American bison: a temperate zone adaptation? SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 49:71-75. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Dominance relations and breeding rate in mature male American bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 49:418-432. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Sexual behavior and intersexual strategies in American bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 56:97-114. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: The buller syndrome in American bison bulls. SOURCE: Appl. Ethol. 11:183-186. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and S.C. Minta. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Random individual association and social group instability in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 61:153-172. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Parturition in American bison: precocity and systematic variation in cow isolation. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 69:66-71. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Individual variation in fecundity in an American bison population. SOURCE: Mammalia 49:300-302. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Body mass as a factor influencing dominance status in American bison cows. SOURCE: J. Mamm. 68:683-685. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: American bison socioecology. SOURCE: Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:135-145. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lumia, A.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: The relationship between dominance and play behavior in the American buffalo, Bison bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 30:416-419. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McHugh, T. PUBL. YEAR: 1958 TITLE: Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison). SOURCE: Zoologica 43:1-40. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Magnac, M.P., D. Langwald Altmann, and G. Gonzalez. PUBL. YEAR: 1992. TITLE: Maternal behavior and independence of the calves within a captive group of American bison. SOURCE: pp. 447-451. IN:Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds. ) S.F.E.P.M.- I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Harassment of an elk calf by bison. SOURCE: Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Aspects of American bison (Bison bison)social behavior at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, Nebraska, with special reference to calves. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R., M.P. Munger, and H.L. Gunderson. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Analysis of the flehmen display in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Prairie Nat. 10:33-42. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Maher, C.R. and J.A. Beyers. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Age-related changes in reproductive effort of male bison. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21:91-96 CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Melton, D.A., N.C. Larter, C.C. Gates, and J.A. Virgl. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: The influence of rut and environmental factors on the behavior of wood bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 34:179-193. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pererya, V.I. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Application of ethological data to optimize the measures on introduction of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza primeval forest. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:95. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pererya, V.I. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Threatening behavior of European bison (Bison bonasus) in comparison with American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Zool. Zh. 68:124-132. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Petersburg, S.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Bull bison behavior at Wind Cave National Park SOURCE: Unpublish M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ., Ames. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Prescott, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Play and the development of individual and social behavior in the American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Biol Behav. 10:261-276. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., K. Kranz, and B. Lundrigan. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: variability and clustering. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 34:134-145. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: behavioral changes over time. SOURCE: Ethology 75:1-14. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: spatial and temporal patterns. SOURCE: Zoo. Biol. 6:11-20. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reid, K.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Limited study of bison behavior with respect to spruce trees. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1985a TITLE: Quantitative analysis of wallowing in a confined bison herd. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 30:149-156. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1985b TITLE: Social behavior in a confined bison herd. SOURCE: Behaviour 92:209-226. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V., A. Reinhardt, and C. Reinhardt. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Evaluating sex differences in aggresiveness in cattle, bison, and rhesus monkeys. SOURCE: Behaviour 102:58-66. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: The reproductive behavior of the bison in the Quebec Zoo. SOURCE: Carnets Zool. 41:4-9. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Hierarchial organization of a captive herd of Bison bison. SOURCE: Zool. Gart. 55:124-128. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Social behavior development in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Social organization in juvenile bison bulls (Bison bison): non-linear dominance and dyadic associations. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 107 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. and J.G. Griswold. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Age and sex preferences for social partners by juvenile bison bulls, Bison bison. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 41:227-237. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rowland, D.L., Helgeson, V.S., and C.C. Cox. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Temporal patterns of parturition in mammals in captivity. SOURCE: Chronobiologia 11:31-39. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Factors influencing dominance status in American bison cows (Bison bison). SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 63:206-212. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Birth syncrony in American bison (Bison bison): Response to predation or season. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 65:418-423. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Competition and reproduction in American bison cows. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wash., Seattle. 91 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shackelton, D.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1968 TITLE: Comparitive aspects of social organization of American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Western Ont., London, Ontario. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, J. and T. Carter. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Long-term associations between bison cows and their offspring. SOURCE: pp. 50-55. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Calving patterns among American bison. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 53:896-898. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shull, A.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Age-speciflc reproductive behavior of male American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shult, M.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: American bison behavior patterns at Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State Univ, Ames. 191 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wolff, J.0. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Maternal investment and sex ratio adjustment in American bison calves. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:127-133. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ----------------------------------------------------------------------------