Electronic Cargo Seals: Context, Technologies, and Marketplace

• ABRIC
• http://www.abric.com/
• ABRIC BERHAD
  Level 3, Lot 8, Jalan
  Astaka U8/84,
  Seksyen 8, Bukit Jelutong,
  40100 Shah Alam
  Selangor Darul Ehsan,
  Malaysia
• Tel: + 60 3 744 7777
  Fax: + 60 3 747 3377
  abhd@abric.net

• Alien Technology
• www.alientechnology.com
• 18220 Butterfield Blvd
  Morgan Hill, CA 95037
• Mark McDonald
  408-201-7440
  mmcdonald@alientechnology.com

• 2450 MHz. Read range of >30 meters, line-of-sight.
• Battery-assisted passive backscatter ("semi-passive"). Tag only responds, does not transmit.
• Read/write capability with user-addressable memory of 4096 bits, expandable.
• Anti-collision protocol allows reader to read approximately 10 tags per second

• Basic unit uses commercial grade lithium coin cell battery with calculations suggesting over 30K interrogations within stated operating temperature range, with anticipated useful battery life ranging between 2 – 3 years.
• Reader uses unlicensed power levels FCC part 15.

• N/A. Packaging still in design

• Detects and records time of tampering.
• When polled by a reader, tag reports if seal has been tampered as well as time and date.

• Reusable. Number of cycles will be governed by final battery selection

• Prime target is freight transportation, especially international shipments.

• "Developmental." Anticipate 3-4 months for pilots, product release anticipated mid/late 4Q02

• Seals:
  • ~$ 25 / in lots of 50
  • ~$ 20 / in lots of 5000
  • ~$ 16 / in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$ 1800 in lots of 10
  • ~$ 1430 in lots of 100

• Not active ISO TC 104

• Aquila
• www.aquilagroup.com
• Canberra Aquila, Inc.
  8401 Washington Pl. NE
  Albuquerque, NM 87113
  203-238-2351
  sales@aquilagroup.com

• Bulldog
• www.bulldog-tech.com
• Bulldog Technologies
  128-11180 Coopersmith Pl Richmond,
  BC V7A 5GB
  Canada
• John Cockburn
  604 271-8656
  jcockburn@bulldog-tech.com

B.O.S.S. (Bulldog Online Security System), Road B.O.S.S., and B.O.S.S. TRAC

• Electronics married to the established ROAD B.O.S.S. high security locking bar that engages rear door locking bars. Circuit detects loss of power from attempts to remove lock or remove the entire door assembly.
• Reports tampering via ~900 MHz radio. Receiver in the tractor can notify driver or link with Fleet Management System via tractor's satellite or cellular channel—this is the B.O.S.S. TRAC capability.
• Can also report to driver via pager within 1.5-mile radius or to receivers in equipped yards.

• Unit is continuously powered when armed. On-board battery life: 6-12 months.

• Locking bar.

• Can detect tamper attempts through continuity and orientation sensors.
• Can notify driver and, when linked to equipped tractor, identify load to dispatcher by association with tractor.

• Reusable/Portable. Tracking receiver permanently mounted in tractor. BOSS can be permanently attached to trailer.

• Motor carriers, high value closed loop service, and in-bond container transit movements.

• "Near market." Ready for manufacture. Pilot to begin with Canadian Customs for in-bond containers landed in Vancouver and destined for the US via the Blaine crossing. Current plan is for units to be retrieved at the border.

• Seals:
  • ~$1500 in lots of 50
  • ~$1200 in lots of 5000
  • ~$1000 in lots of 50000
• Readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Prices are for RB-200; RB-100 does not have the horizontal locking bar.
• B.O.S.S. Unit show flashing LED and fluorescent lettering “SECURITY”
• YARD B.O.S.S. model permits central detection of equipped tethered or untethered trailers and containers if they are in a terminal equipped with receivers.

• CET Technologies
• www.cet.st.com.sg
• CET Technologies Pte Ltd
  100 Jurong East St 21
  Singapore Technologies Building
  Singapore 609602
• Wong Vee How
  Cell (65) 6 568 7280
  (65) 6 567 6769
  wongvh@cet.st.com.sg

• Passive RFID. Tagis credit card size, thickness 1 cm.
• Frequency is 868 and 902-928 MHz.
• Range is 3 to 4 meters.

• No battery on the tag. Powered by reader.

• CET Technologies provided no information on the physical protection offered by the seal. One potential user who tested the CET product reported it is a classic heavy-duty bolt container seal.

• Potential user reports that the seal can provide container number and seal number to the interrogator.

• Single use disposable

• Appears to be aimed at ocean container market.

• "Testing." CET reports they have a prototype. No known pilots or commitments to purchase.

• Seals:
  • ~$ in lots of 50
  • ~$ in lots of 5000
  • ~$ in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$ in lots of 10
  • ~$ in lots of 100

Very little information provided by CET beyond that which is on their web site. CET wrote that they "will release more information in due course."

• CGM
• www.cgmsecuritysolutions.com
• CGM Security Solutions
  223 Churchill Avenue
  Somerset, NJ 08873
• Erik Hoffer
  800 899-2246
  tamperguru@comcast.net

• Passive contact memory button with 4 Kb of memory, which is 1/4" diameter. Larger versions are available up to 8 Mb. One button is epoxy glued onto lock bar, another permanently drilled and glued into the container door.

• All power is in the handheld device that contacts the memory button.

• Single use container locking bar that clasps the locking pins on both doors.

• Tamper evident self-voiding 4" x 13" adhesive label seal is applied to doors and its ID number is written to both memory buttons along with cargo information.
• Handheld reader can display proper seal number at chain of custody inspections to verify original seal is in place.
• Memory button on lock collects audit trail of chain of custody from handheld readers. Requiring close manual contact is a security measure.

• Single use. To cover possibility of Customs inspection, recommends taping a second unit to the inside of the door to enable re-sealing.

• Container carriers and trucking

• "Entering market." Each of the three components is in use and can be easily combined. Single use Navalocks and adhesive seals currently used by container carriers. Memory buttons used by Navy in harsh environment. The three product combination is available for sale

• Seals:
  • ~$45 in lots of 50
  • ~$25 in lots of 5000
  • ~$25 in lots of 50000
• Readers:
  • ~$ in lots of 10
  • ~$ in lots of 100

• CGM
• www.cgmsecuritysolutions.com
• CGM Security Solutions
  223 Churchill Avenue
  Somerset, NJ 08873
  Erik Hoffer
  800 899-2246
• tamperguru@comcast.net

• Passive RFID break away programmable chip and circuit. This circuit can be made in most any size to fit adhesive seal label.
• 13.56 MHz RFID requires close proximity read/write via Handspring Visor PDA.

• All power is in the PDA.

• Indicative seal provides no barrier protection.

• Tamper evident self-voiding 4" x 13" adhesive label seal applied to doors with breakaway RFID circuit layered into the label. Provides both RFID tamper status and visual status at chain of custody inspections.
• Requiring close manual contact is a security measure.

• Single use.

• Focus on containment of assets in certain types of containers. The RFID Seals can be used on trailers, file cabinets, and other metal enclosures if appropriate di-electrical stand offs are used.

• "Near market." Each of the components is in use and can be easily combined. Adhesive seals widely used. Breakaway RFID is available. Current use of the two product combination in classified settings; available for sale.

• Seals:
  • ~$ in lots of 50
  • ~$ in lots of 5000
  • ~$ in lots of 50000
• Cost is about $4 not including di-electrical stand offs.
• Readers:
  • ~$ in lots of 10
  • ~$ in lots of 100

• Not appropriate for ocean containers because of corrosion.

• CGM
• www.cgmsecuritysolutions.com
• CGM Security Solutions
  223 Churchill Avenue
  Somerset, NJ 08873
• Erik Hoffer
  800 899-2246
  tamperguru@comcast.net

Sentry Sensor

• Can accept unique number prior to door closing
• Can accept multiple sensors, including door openings, light, and temperature.
• GSM cellular communications or short range (500 yards) RF monitoring.
• Can retain 250 events in memory.

• Battery powered. Duration up to 8 months.

• Indicative seal and sensors provide no barrier protection.

• Sensing system operates covertly in any metal, wood, or plastic container.
• Status can be monitored from outside with handheld interrogator that reports "no fault found," "alarm," or "no signal received."

• Reusable to amortize cost.

• High value and sensitive items and shipments via any transportation mode.

• "In Use." Used by insurers and security agencies. About 40 in use.

• Seals:
  • ~$ in lots of 50
  • ~$ in lots of 5000
  • ~$ in lots of 50000
• Cost is about $4000
• Readers:
  • ~$ in lots of 10
  • ~$ in lots of 100

• Highly customizable; can add GPS and additional sensors.

• Crown Agents
• 818 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 840
  Washington, DC 20006
• www.crownagents.com
• Terry Conway
  202-822-8052
  202-822-8064 (fax)
  jtconway@crownagents.com

• Seal is scanned and programmed via a short range, sunlight compatible, IR link.
• Internal 8K byte memory with encryption. Records sealing time, electronic notes, customs declaration, manifest, and any abnormal tampering. Memory increasable to 128k at this time; can be higher in the future.

• Battery shelf life up to 10 years. Battery life when armed up to 3 years.

• Barrier cable. Fiber optic sensing cable seal is inside a lockable 3/8" steel cable. Available with hard plastic cage or high strength steel cage to protect seal mechanism from damage.

• Fiber-optic security cable senses cable integrity once every second.
• Random number generation, encryption, and ability to compartmentalize data.
• Records in memory any attempts at opening or interfering with the seal, e.g. opening, cutting, freezing, hacking, etc.

• Reusable. Test unit exceeded 52,000 upload/download cycles, but estimate 300 trips as practical limit, significantly reducing cost per use.

• Target customers include US government agencies, Customs departments, Importers/Exporters, carriers and forwarders, and public and private security agencies. Designed to protect valuable assets, including high dutiable in-bond transit goods. Customs facilitation and logistics management as well as anti-terrorism. Expect to deploy in Eastern Europe/NIS countries and Africa.

• "Entering Market." Successful pilot for in-bond shipments in Mexico using reader/writer in guard booth. Also, successful pilot for sensitive international DOE shipment. "The Eseal system is available for purchase now. The system is fully functional and ready for deployment."

• Seals:
  • ~$500 per seal up to 1000
  • ~$300 per seal 1,000 – 50,000
  • ~$200 per seal 50,000-100,000
  • ~$100 per seal >100,000
• Handheld readers:
  • ~$450 in lots of 10
  • ~$300 in lots of 100

• Price includes control/encoding/interface software and 3 months unlimited warranty. Hand held readers provided. Fixed readers also available.
• Although at present IR only, the seal is designed for adaptation to RFID.
• Plan to add capability to download jpeg file of container x-ray to seal.
• The Electronic Seal is distributed worldwide by Crown Agents and its subsidiaries. Universeal is a partner that manufactures the seal and sells it primarily to commercial clients outside North America.

• e-2-e
• www.HankUlrich.com
• e-2-e Logistics Consulting
  22 Oak Point Drive N.
  Bayville NY 11709 1118
• Hank Ulrich
  516 628 1056
  hbulrich@cs.com

• Sensors combined with processor, GPS, and satellite communications.

• Battery powered.

• Indicative seal and sensors.

• "The information on the e2e security seal … includes a ten step process where goods, once set in motion, are tracked by satellite and are supported by a complicated program that determines probable routing and acceptable conditions."
• "A break in these conditions will cause a warning system to notify responsible parties around the world that this shipment is not going as planned."
• "The seal is designed to work with satellites but the computer link has the ability to communicate with both customs and police authorities."

• Reusable and portable.

• Government and commercial shippers of high value and sensitive items.

• "Developmental."

• Seals:
  • ~$ 60 in lots of 50
  • ~$ 10 in lots of 5000
  • ~$ 5 in lots of 50000
• Pricing provided only in cost per trip
• Monthly charge:
  • ~$ in lots of 50
  • ~$ in lots of 50000

• Patent applied for.

• E.J. Brooks
• www.ejbrooks.com
• E.J. Brooks Company
  World Headquarters
  8 Microlab Road
  Livingston, NJ 07039
• Paul Dietlin or Bob Debrody
  973-597-2900
  paul.dietlin@ejbrooks.com
  bob.debrody@ejbrooks.com

eSeal

• EJ Brooks manufactures the eLogicity eSeal.
• Brooks does not distribute or sell the eSeal, although that may change in the future.
• See eLogicity's page for details on the eSeal.

• As of press time for the report, there are indications that E.J. Brooks will take over distribution and marketing of the eSeal from e-Logicity.

Active RFID Electronic Seal

• e-Logicity
  (formerly P-Serve)
• www.elogicity.com
• eLogicity Intl.
  78 Shenton Way #22-01
  Singapore 079120
• In US:
  Marc Buehler
  248-687-1055
  216-544-4610, cell
  marc.buehler@elogi city.com

eSeal

• 433.92 MHz, or option of 315 MHz
• Plan to comply with ISO 18185
• Range 50 meters, omnidirectional
• Data capacity is 128 bits
• Continuous broadcast at random 10-12 second intervals. Collision avoidance comes from (1) random selection of broadcast times and (2) sending data packet in triplicate.

• Single use battery rated at three months

• Bolt seal, not re-sealable

• Transmits seal number and tamper status
• No random number generation

• Disposable

• Intermodal containers.

• "Early Market." Seals in use for supply chain management and some security applications in selected terminals in US, Europe, Australia, Asia. Completed DOT-funded pilot for in-bond shipments in Pacific NW. Other pilots in implementation phase. Product available for sale.

• Seals:
  • ~$25 in lots of 50
  • ~$25 in lots of 5000
  • ~$25 in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Product developed as a supply chain management and visibility tool, then applied to security market.

• As of press time for the report, there are indications that E.J. Brooks will take over distribution and marketing of the eSeal from e-Logicity.

• Encrypta
• www.encrypta.com
• Encrypta Electronics
  Waterside Ct., Albany St.
  Newport, NP20 5NT, UK
• Mark Hayward or Simon Fiera
  (44) 1633 859859
  moh@encryp ta.com
  sf@encrypta.com

Crypta Data Tag

• Frequency either 433.92 MHz or 914.5 MHz. Transmit range is 120 yards at 433 MHz and 60 yards at 914 MHz. Wake-up frequency is 134.2 kHz, usually in ground loop antenna at gate or dock. Knows of no constraints on use of 134.
• Includes infrared with handheld read range of 1 meter.
• 50 event seal number, time, and date memory. Displayable on LED screen.

• Battery good for 4-5 years, depending on use.

• Indicative cable seal, permanently attached to trailer or truck. Remote sensor option for sealing multiple doors.

• Seal's steel cable is secured to the lever that opens the trailer door. When the door is secured, the seal generates a random number. When the cable is released, the opening is recorded as an event.
• Transmits random number and unit/trailer ID. Random number is electronic and visual. LED display enables manual detection of tampering.

• Reusable

• Highway and closed loop applications. Ocean containers only for specialized dedicated operations. Automatic cross border seal verification.

• "In use." Over 45,000 in use, mostly in private fleet and closed loop operations. Current units in the US are all infrared (Saks Fifth Avenue, CVS, and The Wiz).

• Seals:
  • ~$476 in lots of 50
  • ~$400 in lots of 5000
  • ~$375 in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$1,000 in lots of 10
  • ~$ 800 in lots of 100

• RS232 port enables hard wire or RF connection to external equipment such as on board vehicle computers, satellite tracking equipment or cellular radio. Can transmit alarm signals in real time or record event in memory.
• Two other active RFID indicative models, one that is available now, use the same frequencies. Crypta 2K Tag can be portable. Cost steps are $375/$300/$250. 5000 in use. Nanotag is a miniature seal with nylon-beaded cord and visual readout. Cost steps are $50/$45/$40. Visual version is in use and RFID version is planned for 2003.
• CVS officials quoted in trade press say Crypta provides more security and require significantly less time to install on trucks than traditional metal seals.
• Does not participate in ISO TC 104.

• Encrypta
• www.encrypta.com
• Encrypta Electronics
  Waterside Ct., Albany St.
  Newport, NP20 5NT, UK
• Mark Hayward or Simon Fiera
  (44) 1633 859859
  moh@encrypta.com
  sf@encrypta.com

Microseal

• Short range handheld infrared interrogation
• Tamper indicative circuit.
• 3 internal sensors operated by magnetic contact. Up to 4 analogue inputs, 1 RS232 input.
• LCD display of seal number, time and date.
• 50 event memory.
• Re-programmable via infrared handheld.

• Battery good for 6-8 years.

• Indicative. Uses external switches or magnetic door contacts

• Mountable covertly in shipping container to detect unauthorized opening.
• Detect inputs from passive infrared (body heat) detector, light sensors, or switches.

• Reusable

• High value shipping, such as liquor and tobacco, and government agencies.

• "In use." 1000 in use, State Dept, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, United Distillers.

• Seals:
  • ~$500 in lots of 50
  • ~$440 in lots of 5000
  • ~$250 in lots of 50000
• Hand Held Readers
  • ~$300 (only price given)

• Sealed and rugged device the size of a cigarette packet.

• Hi-G-Tek
• www.higtek.com
• 16 Hacharoshet St.
  Or Yehuda 60375
  Israel
• Ran Sender
  972-3-5339359
  rsender@higtek.com

DataSeal

• Includes two comm. channels (receiver & transmitter) in 3 optional frequencies, depending on location: 916.5 MHz for US; 433.92 MHz for Europe; 318 MHz for Far East. Transmit range is 30 to 100 meters. Also has encrypted low channel; frequency is 125 kHz. range up to .5 meter handheld devices. Real time clock.
• Active in ISO TC 104; supports tri-frequency active protocol
• Can contain 2 K of user data and 55 or 100 logged events, depending on model

• Battery good for 5 years at 50 interrogations per day.

• Cable seal. Can be installed permanently on trucks or containers

• Sealing wire strands connect randomly to enhance security
• Optional sensors available including motion detector, tilt detector etc.
• Random number generated each time seal is set. Seal ID, time stamp, and random number reported and checked; must all be correct.
• Can segregate seals by organization with permanent ID code

• Reusable up to 1000 times

• Main focus is high value closed loop freight operations. Typical customers include logistics companies, customs authorities, and security system integrators.

• "Early market." Over 2,000 in use, 2,000 more in production. Customers include Motorola Israel, TransCore, Keter Plastics, and MAGAL Security.

• Seals:
  • ~$160 in lots of 50
  • ~$140 in lots of 5000
  • ~$110 in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$550 in lots of 10
  • ~$500 in lots of 100

• TydenTek, a joint venture with seal manufacturer TydenBrammall, is dissolved.
• Also offer DataSeal 125, which uses only the low frequency short-range channel at 125 kHz. About 1500 are in use. Costs for handheld readers are $700 in lots of 10 and $600 in lots of 100.
• Costs for tags are:
  • ~$90 in lots of 50
  • ~$70 in lots of 5000
  • ~$45 in lots of 50000

• Loran Technologies
• www.lorantechnologies.com
• Loran Technologies
  7449 Woodley Avenue
  Van Nuys, CA 91406
• John Ghazarian
  702-450-7946
  universalmkt@ cs.com

Model PD-2

• Electronically controlled seal lock has options to be controlled by contact PDA, satellite, and RF.
• Writes manifest information and GPS lat/long at which the lock is authorized to open. Data storage is 1 Mb.
• PDA may include GPS (to reduce cost and power need of GPS inside each container) and biometric identifiers. PDA connects to database via wireless modem.

• Ocean container version has no internal power. Energized by PDA plugged into external receptacle.
• Trailer units can include rechargeable battery good for 30 days removed from trailer power.

• 4 internal deadbolt locks; 3 slaves driven by electronic master unit.
• GPS-equipped units and antenna protected against tampering.

• Unit can be programmed to open only at designated lat/long and only to authorized readers.
• High tamper resistance

• Reusable. Permanent mount on trailer or container.

• High value and sensitive shipments, expanding as costs come down to mass use against terrorism.

• "Testing." Pilots to begin shortly with a major truck manufacturer and a trucking company.

• Seals:
  • ~$500 in lots of 50
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 5000
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 50000
• Handheld readers (wireless & GPS):
  • ~$1200 in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Highly configurable and customizable. Pricing requested for an ocean container-oriented installation: no on-board GPS, power, or sensors.
• Can include significant intrusion detection sensors within a container via an 8' x 2' x 2.5" panel portal scanner mounted inside the door. Sensors can detect tagged or non-tagged assets or personnel.

• MegaFortris
• www.megafortris.com
• Mega Fortris Sdn Bhd
  8 Jalan Anglung 33/20
  Shah Alam Tech. Park
  Seksyen 33,
  40400 Shal Alam
  Selangor, DE, Malaysia
• Adrian Ng or Scott Smith
  AN: Sing 603-5122-6118
  SS: US 832-563-5111
  Adrian.ng@megafortris.com
  SharrisonS@aol.com

Intelligent Security Integrated Seal (ISIS Secure)

• Very low frequency, probably 125 - 134 kHz range; exact frequency is proprietary. Unregulated short-range low frequency available globally.
• Handheld reader probably .5 meter range.

• None; powered by reader.

• Bolt seal.

• Uniquely numbered electronic ID, plus visual ID. Seal will not electronically report tampering.
• Handheld reader may be stand-alone, requiring manual verification of seal number against manifest. An option with better security is using radio frequency data collection (RFDC) handheld reader that immediately verifies the seal number against the terminal database.
• Partnership of MegaFortris with Compaq Computer uses the seal as a license plate to tie into multi-level security database for shippers, Customs, and law enforcement. Company emphasize the connectivity to Compaq servers and data bases as important to value proposition

• Disposable

• Mass use by users of traditional manual bolt seals.

• "Testing." Pilot successful with partner, Compaq Malaysia. Other pilots imminent. Expected to be available for sale in early 2003.

• Seals:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 50
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 5000
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 50000
• Handheld readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Company declines to quote prices. Based on the description, the author estimates a unit cost under $2 per seal.
• Approach requires close proximity reading—person-in-the-loop.

• NaviTag
• www.navitag. com
• NaviTag Technologies, LLC
  221 West Squantum St.
  Quincy, MA 02171
• Robert Magown
  781.210.0203
  rmagown@NaviTag.com

NaviTag

• Door and light sensors combined with processor, GPS, and satellite communications. Transmits location information every four hours.

• Battery powered. Duration in excess of 60 days on disposable batteries.

• Indicative seal and sensors provide no barrier protection.

• Attaches to the locking bar on the exterior of the container door.
• Two cable mounted sensors: The first is secured through the door locking handle and the other is mounted inside the container door via magnets. The door handle sensor is activated if disconnected when opening the door and the light sensor is activated if it is exposed to light when the container is entered through unconventional means (removing door hinges, cut hole in side of container, etc.).
• It immediately transmits an alert if the security of the container is compromised after the unit has been activated.

• Reusable and portable.

• Government and commercial shippers of high value and sensitive items.

• "Developmental." In the final stages of patent submission. Satellite agreement in place and manufacturing is in final negotiation. Prototype is in production. Asserts product is deployable within 6 months.

• Seals:
  • ~$400 in lots of 50
  • ~$350 in lots of 5000
  • ~$300 in lots of 50000
• Monthly charge:
  • ~$30 in lots of 50
  • ~$20 in lots of 50000

• "Since the unit is reusable indefinitely and we calculated the turn time to be about once a month (depending on the trade lane it is deployed in), the amortized cost per container trip would be less than $10 over a four year period."
• The positional alert information is transmitted to a secure Internet accessible central database. The information can be accessed either through the website, email correspondence, or direct integration with the appropriate party.
• Awarded $875K in June 2002 to build a proof of concept prototype under the Port Security Grant Program.

• OneSeal
• www.oneseal.com
• OneSeal A/S
  address
  Denmark
• Lars Berenth
  (45) 4914 8827
  Lars@oneseal.com

Electronic Seal

• Bi-directional 433.92 MHz transmit
• 100 meter omnidirectional range
• Detects tampering and reports whether or not tampered with when interrogated.
• Records and reports time of tamper event
• Communications are encrypted; memory N/A.

• Battery good for ~ 6 months.

• Bolt seal.

• Random number generated when seal is set. Seal ID and random number reported and checked.
• Anti-tamper and anti-intrusion technology constantly monitors seal integrity

• Single use disposable.

• Initial focus on intermodal container market customers most sensitive to security concerns.

• "Near Market." Plan first use in Europe-to-US container security pilot in October 2002.

• Seals:
  • ~$ in lots of 50
  • ~$<7 in lots of 5000
  • ~$ in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Based on Savi EchoPoint RFID platform.
• Expect price of about $3 in large-scale production run ("millions of units.")

• Porter
• www.core defender.com
• Porter Technologies
  290 Rocky Creek Rd.
  Greenville, SC 29615
• Mike Fletcher
  864 313-0186
  mike@coredefender.com

CoreDefender Internal Locking System

• Electronics married to high security internal locking system.
• Can record when which device opened the doors.
• On board computer is programmable for opening instructions.
• Can add GPS and satellite communications to enable remote locking and unlocking and remote notification of events.

• No on-board power for ocean container unit. Electronic key provides battery power to activate the on-board computer and the locking device.

• 7 point internal locking system provides vault-like closure.

• Can add biometrics to electronic keys to reduce risk of misuse.
• Optional sensor suite for intrusion detection includes light, motion, barometric pressure, and radiation. A light on the outside panel would change color to reflect the sensor status.

• Reusable. Permanent installation

• Motor carriers, high value closed loop service, and in-bond container transit movements. Also construction industry.

• "Near market." Prototype done after two years of testing in construction, trucking, and container settings.

• Seals:
  • ~$4000 in lots of 50
  • ~$3500 in lots of 5000
  • ~$3000 in lots of 50000
• Readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Costs are very rough estimates for the internal locking system and electronics.
• Intrusion detection suite would add roughly $500 for small lots and $400 for the larger lot sizes.
• Adding GPS and communications via cellular would add comparable costs.

• Savi Technology
• www.savi.com
• Savi Technology
  615 Tasman Drive
  Sunnyvale, CA 94089
• Lance Trebesch
  415-987-4567
  lancet@savi.com

SmartSeal ST-645 (Bolt Seal) and ST-646 (Cable Seal)

• Two-way UHF 433.92 MHz read/write capability with 100 meter transmit range and 25 meter receive range.
• Low frequency (LF) 132 kHz receive circuit with up to 4 meters range, enabling slot-level location and reporting in terminals equipped with signposts and readers.
• 32-128K of user r/w memory. Includes clock to time-stamp events.

• 10 year battery life and low battery status reporting.

• Bolt seal is barrier
• Fiber-optic cable seal is indicative

• Authentication to prevent unauthorized communication with tag
• Logs time of tamper event and transmits when in range of a reader.

• Reusable. Considers life cycle to be limited not by the technology, which may be good for 1000 re-uses, but by realistic limits of the business process and operating environment (loss and damage). Assumes 200 uses.

• All freight markets with special emphasis on intermodal ocean and airfreight. Active licensing program for tag and seal technology to accelerate proliferation.

• "Entering Market." Model 645 has been tested and specified by several ports and gov't agencies in the US and Asia, and by several major system integrators in the US and Europe; tag technology is in deployment for South African railroad.

• 50 to 1000: $69
• 10,000: $56
• 100,000: $35
• 1M: $21
• Full production prices will drop 15-30%.
• Fixed Readers:
  • Up to 50: $2,495
  • 51 to 200: $2,195
  • 201 to 500: $1,930
  • 501 and up: $1,770

• Bolt seal requires an additional bolt and fastener for each use, ~$2. Replacement cables available for cable seal.
• Tags are 6th generation, compatible with DoD Total Asset Visibility RFID infrastructure deployed in 36 countries. DoD is agreeable to dual (commercial) use of RFID readers in ports.
• Active in ISO TC 104.

• SecuReSeal
• www.secureseal.com
• OEM Group Ltd
  Queensway Business Centre
  21 Queensway
  Enfield, Middlesex. EN3 7SN, UK
• EU: Ben Grant
  (44) 020 8805 6288
  USA: Cameron Grant
  Canada 506 529 0011
  Oemcg@aol.com

• SecuReSeal.Data combines an established mechanical seal with a RF communicator to transmit data to the truck cab or a gate or wayside reader. Communicator has permanent ID for its trailer.
• The closing action spins the security number display wheels to a new, random, 5-digit number and opens the microswitch.
• Sells with 433.92 MHz in Europe and 912 MHz in the US. Range is 30 meters. Unit transmits every 30 seconds unless interrupted by a tamper event.

• Battery supports the communications unit. User-replaceable, 4 year life, with low battery indicator.

• Indicative seal. Data communicator is inside the trailer.

• Seal generates and visually displays 5-digit random number when set or tampered with. Communicator generates a covert serial number for each event. Serial number combined with random number establishes an event history file via the on-board or wayside receiver.

• Reusable. Designed to last for the life of the trailer.

• Road trailers.

• "In use." SecuReSeal has been on the market for 4 years and the data link was added last year. 10,000 units in use; about 500 are data units. Users include Cadec in the US and La Poste in France.

• Seals:
  • ~$632 in lots of 50
  • ~$440 in lots of 5000
  • <$300 in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$400 in lots of 10
  • ~$348 in lots of 100

• Have not focused on ocean containers because of cost and open loop operating practices.
• SecuReLock barrier version is available, but is less common.
• Permanently installed on the trailer.

• Supra
• www.supra-products.com
• SUPRA Products
  4001 Fairview Industrial Drive S.E.
  Salem, OR 97302
• Kelly Titus
  800-394-5010
  Kelly.Titus@GE-interlogix.com

TRAC-Padlock and TRACkey

• Programmable microprocessor controls the shackle set and release.
• Memory on the padlock holds data on 35 actions (open or close, time, and key ID). Memory on the key holds 270 actions.

• Passive electronic padlock operates on power supplied by batteries in the electronic key.

• High security hardened steel padlock with significant corrosion protection

• Microprocessor operates only in response to an authorized TRACkey.
• TRACkey requires PIN to operate. Key codes expire quickly and renewals are controlled.
• "The electronics are protected from the physical environment and resistant to improper handling or tampering."

• Reusable.

• Transportation and facility access control.

• "In use." Established product. Transportation users include Walgreen's and Rooms to Go.

• Seals:
  • ~$284 in lots of 50
  • ~$244 in lots of 5000
  • N/A in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$9/mo. in lots of 10
  • ~$9/mo. in lots of 100

• "The TRAC-Padlock is both an electronic seal and access control device in one. Through the use of the TRACkey and the TRAC-Padlock, you can have an ASTM Grade 3 padlock that will also provide a report of who accessed it and when."

• TransCore
• www.transcore.com
• TransCore Marketing Communications Dept.
  19111 Dallas Parkway, Suite 300
  Dallas, Texas 75287-3106
• Dick Schnacke
  972-874-9266
  469-231-6398 Cellular
  dick.schnacke@transcore.com

Electronic components for passive RFID seals

• Passive RFID using Intermec Intellitag.
• 915 MHz with read range of 3 meters
• Read/write capability with 1024 bits of memory.
• Anticollision protocol allows up to 40 tags per second to be scanned, regardless of how many tags are in the read zone.

• No battery. Power supplied by the signal from the reader.

• N/A

• When powered by a reader, detects and reports if seal has been tampered with.

• Disposable

• Provide technology for low cost disposable seals to seal manufacturers. Prime target is freight transportation, especially international shipments.

• "Near Market." Negotiating agreements with at least two manufacturers

• Seals:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 50
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 5000
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 50000
• Fixed readers:
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 10
  • ~$ N/A in lots of 100

• Prices not available. Author's estimate for a tag based on this chip, produced in volume, is under $2.
• Conducted focus group survey of potential users. Found no interest in reusable seals and a strong focus on price. Survey preceded September 11 and main issue was controlling theft and limiting contraband. Agrees that requirements may differ post-September 11, but believes there is still aversion to high cost and reusable seals among container carriers.
• Active participant in ISO TC 104

• Universeal
• www.universealgroup.com
• John Mason
  (44) 1 (0)829 76 0000
  jmason@netcentral.co.uk
• Crown Agents:
  Terry Conway
  202-822-8052
  202-822-8064 (fax)
  jtconway@crownagents.com

Electrak Electronic Seal

• The Electrak seal is the same product as the Crown Agents Read-Write Tamper Detect Electronic Seal.
• Universeal manufactures the seal and markets it to commercial markets outside North America.
• Inquiries related to North America should be directed to Crown Agents.