Reproduced from Erik Hornung and Betsy M. Bryan, eds. The Quest for Immortality: Treasures of Ancient Egypt [exh. cat., National Gallery of Art] (Washington, DC, 2002). Copyright ©2002 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, and United Exhibits Group
Predynastic Period
|
|
Lower Egypt |
|
Neolithic |
c. 5300-4000 bc |
Maadi cultural complex |
c. 4000-3200 bc |
Upper Egypt |
|
Badarian Period |
c. 4400-4000 bc |
Amratian (Naqada I) Period |
c. 4000-3500 bc |
Gerzean (Naqada II) Period |
c. 3500-3200 bc |
After c. 3200 bc the same chronological sequence applies to the
whole of Egypt. |
c. 3200-3000 bc |
Early Dynastic Period
|
|
First Dynasty |
c. 3000-2890 |
Aha |
|
Djer |
|
Djet |
|
Den |
|
Queen Merneith |
|
Anedjib |
|
Semerkhet |
|
Qa´a |
|
Second Dynasty |
2890-2686 |
Hetepsekhemwy |
|
Raneb |
|
Nynetjer |
|
Weneg |
|
Sened |
|
Peribsen |
|
Khasekhemwy |
|
Old Kingdom
|
|
Third Dynasty |
2686-2613 |
Nebka |
2686-2667 |
Djoser |
2667-2648 |
Sekhemkhet |
2648-2640 |
Khaba |
2640-2637 |
Sanakhet? |
|
Huni |
2637-2613 |
|
|
Fourth Dynasty |
2613-2494 |
Snefru |
2613-2589 |
Khufu (Cheops) |
2589-2566 |
Djedefra (Radjedef) |
2566-2558 |
Khefre (Chephren) |
2558-2532 |
Menkaura (Mycerinus) |
2532-2503 |
Shepseskaf |
2503-2498 |
|
|
Fifth Dynasty |
2494-2345 |
Userkaf |
2494-2487 |
Sahura |
2487-2475 |
Neferirkara |
2475-2455 |
Shepseskara |
2455-2448 |
Raneferef |
2448-2445 |
Nyuserra |
2445-2421 |
Menkauhor |
2421-2414 |
Djedkara |
2414-2375 |
Unas |
2375-2345 |
|
|
Sixth Dynasty |
2345-2181 |
Teti |
2345-2323 |
Userkara |
2323-2321 |
Pepy I |
2321-2287 |
Merenra |
2287-2278 |
Pepy II |
2278-2184 |
Nitiqret |
2184-2181 |
|
|
Seventh and Eighth Dynasties |
2181-2160 |
Numerous kings, called Neferkara, presumably |
|
First Intermediate Period
|
|
Ninth and Tenth Dynasties |
2160-2025 |
Khety |
|
Khety |
|
Khety |
|
Merykara |
|
|
|
Eleventh Dynasty (Thebes only) |
2125-2055 |
Mentuhotep I |
|
Intef I |
2125-2112 |
Intef II |
2112-2063 |
Intef III |
2063-2055 |
Middle Kingdom
|
|
Eleventh Dynasty (all Egypt) |
2055-1985 |
Mentuhotep II 2055-2004 |
|
Mentuhotep III 2004-1992 |
|
Mentuhotep IV 1992-1985 |
|
Twelfth Dynasty 1985-1773 |
|
Amenemhat I 1985-1956 |
|
Senusret I 1956-1911 |
|
Amenemhat II 1911-1877 |
|
Senusret II 1877-1870 |
|
Senusret III 1870-1831 |
|
Amenemhat III 1831-1786 |
|
Amenemhat IV 1786-1777 |
|
Queen Sobekneferu 1777-1773 |
|
|
|
Thirteenth Dynasty |
1773-after 1650 |
Wegaf |
|
Sobekhotep II |
|
Iykhernefert Neferhotep |
|
Ameny-intef-amenemhat |
|
Hor |
|
Khendjer |
|
Sobekhotep III |
|
Neferhotep I |
|
Sahathor |
|
Sobekhotep IV |
|
Sobekhotep V |
|
Ay |
|
|
|
Fourteenth Dynasty |
1773-1650 |
Minor rulers probably contemporary with the Thirteenth or Fifteenth Dynasty |
|
Second Intermediate Period
|
|
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) |
1650-1550 |
Salitis / Sekerher |
|
Khyan |
c. 1600 |
Apepi |
c. 1555 |
Khamudi |
1650-1580 |
|
|
Sixteenth Dynasty |
|
|
|
Seventeenth Dynasty |
c. 1580-1550 |
Rahotep |
|
Sobekemsaf I |
|
Intef VI |
|
Intef VII |
|
Intef VIII |
|
Sobekemsaf II |
|
Siamun (?) |
|
Taa |
c. 1560 |
Kamose |
1555-1550 |
New Kingdom
|
|
Eighteenth Dynasty |
1550-1295 |
Ahmose |
1550-1525 |
Amenhotep I |
1525-1504 |
Thutmose I |
1504-1492 |
Thutmose II |
1492-1479 |
Thutmose III |
1479-1425 |
Queen Hatshepsut |
1473-1458 |
Amenhotep II |
1427-1400 |
Thutmose IV |
1400-1390 |
Amenhotep III |
1390-1352 |
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten |
1352-1336 |
Neferneferuaten |
1338-1336 |
Tutankhamun |
1336-1327 |
Ay |
1327-1323 |
Horemheb |
1323-1295 |
Ramessid Period
|
|
Nineteenth Dynasty |
1295-1186 |
Ramesses I |
1295-1294 |
Seti I |
1294-1279 |
Ramesses II |
1279-1213 |
Merenptah |
1213-1203 |
Amenmessu |
1203-1200? |
Seti II |
1200-1194 |
Saptah |
1194-1188 |
Queen Tausret |
1188-1186 |
Twentieth Dynasty |
1186-1069 |
Sethnakht |
1186-1184 |
Ramesses III |
1184-1153 |
Ramesses IV |
1153-1147 |
Ramesses V |
1147-1143 |
Ramesses VI |
1143-1136 |
Ramesses VII |
1136-1129 |
Ramesses VIII |
1129-1126 |
Ramesses IX |
1126-1108 |
Ramesses X |
1108-1099 |
Ramesses XI |
1099-1069 |
Third Intermediate Period
|
|
Twenty-first Dynasty |
1069-945 |
Smendes |
1069-1043 |
Amenemnisu |
1043-1039 |
Psusennes I |
1039-991 |
Amenemope |
993-984 |
Osorkon the Elder |
984-978 |
Siamun |
978-959 |
Psusennes II |
959-945 |
Twenty-second Dynasty |
945-715 |
Sheshonk I |
945-924 |
Osorkon I |
924-889 |
Sheshonk II |
c. 890 |
Takelot I |
889-874 |
Osorkon II |
874-850 |
Takelot II |
850-825 |
Sheshonk III |
825-773 |
Pimay |
773-767 |
Sheshonk V |
767-730 |
Osorkon IV |
730-715 |
|
|
Twenty-third Dynasty |
818-715 |
Pedubastis I |
|
Iuput I |
|
Sheshonk IV |
|
Osorkon III |
|
Takelot III |
|
Rudamon |
|
Peftjauawybast |
|
Iuput II |
|
Twenty-fourth Dynasty |
727-715 |
Bakenrenef |
720-715 |
Twenty-fifth Dynasty |
747-656 |
Piy |
747-716 |
Shabaqo |
716-702 |
Shabitqo |
702-690 |
Taharqo |
690-664 |
Tanutamani |
664-656 |
Late Period
|
|
Twenty-sixth Dynasty (Saite Period) |
664-525 |
Nekau I |
672-664 |
Psamtik I |
664-610 |
Nekau II |
610-595 |
Psamtik II |
595-589 |
Apries |
589-570 |
Ahmose II |
570-526 |
Psamtik III |
526-525 |
|
|
Twenty-seventh Dynasty |
525-404 |
Cambyses |
525-522 |
Darius I |
522-486 |
Xerxes I |
486-465 |
Artaxerxes I |
465-424 |
Darius II |
424-405 |
Artaxerxes II |
405-359 |
|
|
Twenty-eighth Dynasty |
404-399 |
Amyrtaios |
404-399 |
|
|
Twenty-ninth Dynasty |
399-380 |
Nepherites I |
399-393 |
Hakor [Achoris] |
393-380 |
Nepherites II |
c. 380 |
|
|
Thirtieth Dynasty |
380-343 |
Nectanebo I |
380-362 |
Teos |
362-360 |
Nectanebo II |
360-343 |
|
|
Second Persian Period |
343-332 |
Artaxerxes III Ochus |
343-338 |
Arses |
338-336 |
Darius III Codoman |
336-332 |
Ptolemaic Period
|
|
Macedonian Dynasty |
332-305 |
Alexander the Great |
332-323 |
Philip Arrhidaeus |
323-317 |
Alexander IV |
317-310 |
|
|
Ptolemaic Dynasty |
|
Ptolemy I Soter I |
305-285 |
Ptolemy II Philadelphus |
285-246 |
Ptolemy III Euergetes I |
246-221 |
Ptolemy IV Philopator |
221-205 |
Ptolemy V Epiphanes |
205-180 |
Ptolemy VI Philometor |
180-145 |
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator |
145 |
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II |
170-116 |
Ptolemy IX Soter II |
116-107 |
Ptolemy X Alexander I |
107-88 |
Ptolemy IX Soter II (restored) |
88-80 |
Ptolemy XI Alexander II |
80 |
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) |
80-51 |
Cleopatra VII Philopator |
51-30 |
Ptolemy XIII |
51-47 |
Ptolemy XIV |
47-44 |
Ptolemy XV Caesarion |
44-30 |
Early Roman Period
|
|
Augustus |
30 bc-14 ce |
Tiberius |
14 ce-37 |
Gaius (Caligula) |
37-41 |
Claudius |
41-54 |
Nero |
54-68 |
Galba |
68-69 |
Otho |
69 |
Vespasian |
69-79 |
Titus |
79-81 |
Domitian |
81-96 |
Nerva |
96-98 |
Trajan |
98-117 |
Hadrian |
117-138 |
|
|
|
|
Chronology of Ancient Egypt adapted from Ian Shaw, ed., The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 480-83. |
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