Preface.

1. Introduction.: 1.1. Fundamental approaches to the problem.; 1.2. Planetary system-satellite systems.; 1.3. Five stages in the evolution.; 1.4. Processes governing the evolutionary stages.; 1.5. Model requirements and limitations.


PART A - PRESENT STATE AND BASIC LAWS.

2. The Present Structure of the Planetary and Satellite Systems.: 2.1. Orbital properties of planets and satellites.; 2.2. Physical properties of planets and satellites.; 2.3. Prograde and retrograde satellites.; 2.4. The Laplacian model and the distributed-density function.; 2.5. Discussion of the distributed-density diagrams.; 2.6. Titius-Bode's "law".

3. The Motion of Planets and Satellites.: 3.1. The guiding-center approximation of celestial mechanics.; 3.2. Circular orbits.; 3.3. Oscillations modifying the circular orbit.; 3.4. Motion in an inverse-square-law gravitational field.; 3.5. Nonharmonic oscillation; large eccentricity.; 3.6. Motion in the field of a rotating central body.; 3.7. Planetary motion perturbed by other planets.

[vi] 4. The Small Bodies.: 4.1. Survey and classification.; 4.2. Evolutionary differences between large and small bodies.; 4.3. Main-belt asteroids.; 4.4. The Hilda and Hungaria asteroids.; 4.5. The Trojans.; 4.6. The cometary-meteoroid populations.

5. Forces Acting on Small Bodies.: 5.1. Introduction.; 5.2. Gravitational effects.; 5.3. Electromagnetic effects.; 5.4. Limit between electromagnetically and gravitationally controlled motion.; 5.5. Radiation effects.; 5.6. Conclusions.

6. Kepler Motion of Interacting Bodies: Jet Streams.: 6.1. Introduction.; 6.2. The interplanetary medium.; 6.3. Effects of collisions.; 6.4. Orbiting particles confined in a spacecraft.; 6.5. Conclusions from the spacecraft model.; 6.6. Jet streams and negative diffusion.; 6.7. Simple model of negative diffusion.; 6.8. Contraction time of a jet stream.; 6.9. Collisions between a grain and a jet stream.; 6.10. Jet streams as celestial objects.

7. Collisions: Fragmentation and Accretion.: 7.1. Production of small bodies: fragmentation and accretion.; 7.2. Size spectra.; 7.3. Three simple models.; 7.4. The transition from fragmentation to accretion.

8. Resonance Structure in the Solar System.: 8.1. Resonances in the solar system.; 8.2. Resonance and the oscillation of a pendulum.; 8.3. A simple resonance model.; 8.4. Deviations from exact resonance.; 8.5. Orbit-orbit resonances.; [vii] 8.6. The Kirkwood gaps.; 8.7. On the absence of resonance effects in the Saturnian ring system.; 8.8. Spin-orbit resonances.; 8.9. Near-commensurabilities.

9. Spin and Tides.: 9.1. Tides.; 9.2. Amplitude of tide.; 9.3. Tidal braking of a central body's spin.; 9.4. Satellite tidal braking of planetary spins.; 9.5. Solar tidal braking of planetary spins.; 9.6. Tidal evolution of satellite orbits.; 9.7. Isochronism of spins.; 9.8. Conclusions from the isochronism of spins.

10. Post-Accretional Changes in the Solar System.: 10.1. Stability of orbits.; 10.2. Resonance and stability.; 10.3. Stability of Saturnian rings and the asteroidal belt.; 10.4. Constancy of spin.; 10.5. On the possibility of reconstructing the hetegonic processes.


PART B- THE ACCRETION OF CELESTIAL BODIES.

11. Accretional Processes.: 11.1. Survey of Part B.; 11.2. Gravitational collapse of a gas cloud.; 11.3. Planetesimal accretion: accretion by capture of grains or gas.; 11.4. Gravitational accretion.; 11.5. Nongravitational accretion.; 11.6. Accretion of resonance-captured grains.; 11.7. Necessary properties of an accretional process.; 11.8. The present state of asteroids, meteoroids and comets, and the exploded-planet hypothesis.

12. On the Accretion of Planets and Satellites.: 12.1. Planetesimal accretion.; 12.2. A jet stream as an intermediate step in formation of planets and satellites.; [viii] 12.3. Accretion of an embryo.; 12.4. Mass balance of the jet stream.; 12.5. Energy balance in a jet stream.; 12.6. Accretion when the infall into the jet stream is constant.; 12.7. Discussion.; 12.8. Numerical values.; 12.9. Conclusions about the different types of accretion.; 12.10. Early temperature profile of accreted body.; 12.11. Conclusions about the temperature profile of planets.; 12.12. The accretional hot-spot front.; 12.13. Differentiation effect of the accretional heat front.

13. Spin and Accretion.: 13.1. Grain impact and spin.; 13.2. Accretion from circular orbits by nongravitating embryo.; 13.3. Gravitational accretion.; 13.4. Giuli's theory of accretion.; 13.5. Statistical theory of accretion.; 13.6. Jet-stream accretion and planetary spins.

14. Relations Between Comets and Meteoroids.: 14.1. Basic problems.; 14.2. Positive and negative diffusion; meteor streams as jet streams.; 14.3. Accretional mechanism in meteor streams.; 14.4. Observations of comet formation in a meteor stream.; 14.5. Long- and short-period comets.; 14.6. Inferences on the nature of comets from emission characteristics.; 14.7. Analogies between cometary and asteroidal streams.; 14.8. Comparison with the accretion of planets and satellites.


PART C - PLASMA AND CONDENSATION.

15. Plasma Physics and Hetegony.: 15.1. Summary of parts A and B and plan for parts C and D.; 15.2. Relation between experimental and theoretical plasma physics.; 15.3. The first and second approach to cosmic plasma physics.; 15.4. Strategy of analysis of hetegonic plasmas.; 15.5. Required properties of a model.; 15.6. Some existing theories.

[ix] 16. Model of the Hetegonic Plasma.: 16.1. Magnetized central body.; 16.2. Angular momentum.; 16.3. The transfer of angular momentum.; 16.4. Support of the primordial cloud.; 16.5. The plasma as a transient state.; 16.6. Conclusions about the model.; 16.7. The hetegonic nebulae.; 16.8. Irradiation effects.; 16.9. The model and the hetegonic principle.

17. Transfer of Angular Momentum and Condensation of Grains.: 17.1. Ferraro isorotation and partial corotation.; 17.2. Partial corotation of a plasma in magnetic and gravitational fields.; 17.3. A plasma in partial corotation.; 17.4. Discussion.; 17.5. Condensation of the plasma: the two-thirds law.; 17.6. Energy release during angular momentum transfer.

18. Accretion of the Condensation Products.: 18.1 Survey.; 18.2. Evolution of orbits due to collisions.; 18.3. The Roche limit.; 18.4. Model of orbit development.; 18.5. Accretion inside r_MR_.; 18.6. Structure of the Saturnian rings.; 18.7. Accretion outside r_MR.; 18.8. Formation of the asteroid belt.; 18.9. Conclusions about partial corotation.; 18.10. Satellite and planet formation.; 18.11. Accretion of volatile substances.

19. Transplanetary Condensation.: 19.1. Interplanetary and transplanetary condensation.; 19.2. Limit between interplanetary and transplanetary space.; 19.3. Condensation of bodies in almost-parabolic orbits.; 19.4. Bodies with long-period orbits.; 19.5. Diffusion of almost-parabolic orbits: encounters with planets.; 19.6. Genetic relations of the comet-meteoroid complex.; 19.7. Conclusions about the meteoroid populations.; 19.8. Genealogy of the bodies in the solar system.


[x] PART D - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

20. Chemical Structure of the Solar System.: 20.1. Survey.; 20.2. Sources of information about chemical composition.; 20.3. Chemical differentiation before and after the accretion of bodies in the solar system.; 20.4. Unknown states of matter.; 20.5. The composition of planets and satellites.; 20.6. Composition of the Sun.; 20.7. Regularity of bulk densities in the solar system.

21. Mass Distribution and the Critical Velocity.: 21.1. Mass distribution in the solar system.; 21.2. The bands of secondary bodies as a function of gravitational potential energy.; 21.3. Comparative study of the groups of secondary bodies.; 21.4. Theoretical background for the band formation.; 21.5. Attempts to interpret the band structure.; 21.6. Three objections.; 21.7. Search for a "critical velocity".; 21.8. Experiments on the critical velocity.; 21.9. Theory of the critical velocity.; 21.10. Conclusions about the critical velocity.; 21.11. Chemical composition of infalling gas.; 21.12. The chemical composition of the solar system and inhomogeneous plasma emplacement.; 21.13. Modification of the critical velocity ionization distance due to interaction with a partially corotating plasma.

22. Meteorites and Their Precursor States.: 22.1. Interpretation of the evolutionary record in meteorites.; 22.2. Sources of meteorites.; 22.3. Selection effects.; 22.4. Upper size limits of meteorite precursor bodies.; 22.5. Precursor states of meteorite parent bodies.; 22.6. Jet-stream evolution and properties of meteorites.; 22.7. Cohesive forces in meteoritic material.; 22.8. Evolutionary sequence of precursor states of meteorites.; [xi] 22.9. Age relationships in the evolution of meteorite parent jet streams.; 22.10. General remarks on the record in meteorites.

23. The Structure of the Groups of Secondary Bodies.: 23.1. Ionization during the emplacement of plasma.; 23.2. Complete ionization.; 23.3. Partial ionization.; 23.4. Change of spin during the formation of secondary bodies.; 23.5. Observational values of .; 23.6. Mass distribution as a function of .; 23.7. Discussion of the structure of the groups of secondary bodies.; 23.8. Complete list of for all bodies.; 23.9. Completeness.; 23.10. Conclusions about the model of plasma emplacement.

PART E - SPECIAL PROBLEMS.

24. Origin and Evolution of the Earth-Moon System.: 24.1. The hetegonic aspect.; 24.2. Comparison with other satellite systems.; 24.3. Structure of a normal satellite system of the Earth.; 24.4. The capture theory.; 24.5. Tidal evolution of the lunar orbit.; 24.6. Destruction of a normal satellite system.; 24.7. Accretion and the heat structure of the Moon.; 24.8. Composition of the Moon.; 24.9. Conclusions.

25. The Properties of the Early Sun.: 25.1. On the use of solar-system data to study the early.; 25.2. Solar mass.; 25.3. Solar magnetic field.; 25.4. Solar spin period.; 25.5. Solar radiation, solar wind.; 25.6. Effects produced by a D-burning Sun.; 25.7. Remarks on the formation of stars.

[xii] 26. Origin of the Earth's Ocean and Atmosphere.: 26.1. Earth's ocean and the formation of the solar system.; 26.2. The remote precursor stages.; 26.3. The immediate precursor stages.; 26.4. Accumulation of water during the accretion of the Earth.; 26.5. Introduction of water in the lithosphere.; 26.6. The ocean and the Earth-Moon system.; 26.7. Summary and conclusions.

27. Concluding Remarks.

References.
Symbols.
Index.