HEP2. ADVANCED CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATORS
The DOE High Energy Physics (HEP) program supports a broad research and development (R&D) effort in the science, engineering, and technology of charged particle accelerators, storage rings, and associated apparatus. Advanced R&D is needed in support of this program in the following areas: (1) new concepts for acceleration, (2) novel device and instrumentation development, (3) inexpensive electron sources, and (4) computer software for control systems and advanced accelerator modeling. Relevance to applications in HEP must be explicitly described in the submitted grant applications. Advanced accelerator R&D more appropriate to applications in nuclear physics is specifically excluded from this topic and should be submitted under Topic 48. Grant applications that propose using resources of a third party (such as a DOE laboratory) must include, in the application, a letter of certification from an authorized official of that organization. Grant applications are sought only in the following subtopics:
a. New Concepts for Acceleration – Grant applications are sought to develop new or improved acceleration concepts. Designs should provide very high gradient (>100 MV/m for electrons or >10 MV/m for protons) acceleration of intense bunches of particles, or efficient acceleration of intense (>50 mA) low energy (of order <20 MeV) proton beams. For all proposed concepts, stageability, beam stability, manufacturability, and high-wall plug-to-beam power efficiency should be considered.
b. Novel Device and Instrumentation Development – Grant applications are sought for the development of electromagnetic, permanent magnet, or silicon microcircuit-based charged particle optical elements for particle beam focusing. Examples include, but are not limited to, dipoles, quadrupoles, higher order multipole correctors for use in electron linear accelerators, and solenoids for use in electron-beam or ion-beam sources or for klystron or other radio frequency amplifier tubes operating at wavelengths from 0.7 to 10 cm. In these optical elements, permanent magnets or hybrid magnets incorporating magnetic materials that have very high residual magnetization, radiation resistance, and thermal stability (low variation of field strength with temperature) are of particular interest. Also of interest are undulators for bunching high energy electron beams, needed for phased injection in high frequency accelerating structures and for generating coherent transition radiation.
Grant applications are also sought for: (1) novel charged particle beam monitors to measure the transverse or longitudinal charge distribution, emittance, or phase-space distributions of small radius (0.1 µm to 5 mm diameter), short length (10 µm to 10 mm) relativistic electron or ion beams; (2) devices capable of measuring and recording the Schottky or transition radiation spectrum of these beams (proposed techniques should be nondestructive, or minimally perturbative, to the beams monitored and have computer-compatible readouts); (3) lasers for laser-accelerator applications that provide substantial improvements over currently available lasers in one or more of the following parameters: (i) longer wavelengths (up to 2 to 2.5 µm for use with Si transmissive optics), (ii) very short wavelengths (< 200 nm) with low mode numbers (M-squared < 100) and high pulse energy (> 0.1 J) for photo-ionized plasma sources, (iii) higher power, (iv) higher repetition rates, and (v) shorter pulse widths; and (4) achromatic, isochronous compact focusing systems with broad energy acceptance and compact broadband (10-100 MeV) spectrometers, suitable for use in laser acceleration experiments.
Grant applications are sought to develop high density (range of 1018-1020 cm-3), high repetition rate (≥10 Hz) pulsed gas jets, capable of producing longitudinally tailored density profiles with long lengths (centimeter scale) and narrow widths (few hundred microns) for use in laser wakefield accelerators. The gas jet should have sharp entrance gradients, with a transition region/length on the order of 500 µm. The pulse duration of the jets should be less than 500 µs to minimize the amount of gas loading in vacuum chambers. Cluster gas jets, i.e., jets that are cooled and produce atomic clusters, are also of interest.
Grant applications also are sought for the development of novel devices and instrumentation for use in the cooling (transverse and longitudinal emittance reduction) of muon beams. Approaches of interest include the development of: (1) concepts or devices for ionization cooling, including emittance exchange processes; (2) instrumentation for muon cooling channels that have muon intensities of 1012 muons/pulse; or (3) fast (on the order of 10 picosecond) timing detectors for muon cooling experiments with low muon intensity (on the order of 105 muons/second).
Finally, the so-called non-scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) systems are becoming of interest for many applications, including muon acceleration for a neutrino factory. Grant applications are sought for (1) the development and analysis of FFAG designs that contain insertion sections, (2) engineering design and cost analysis of injection and extraction systems for a neutrino factory FFAG, including the effect of the kicker system on the beam dynamics, and (3) detailed analysis of the dynamics of recently proposed non-scaling FFAG designs, including such features as dynamic aperture (and how it depends on acceleration rate) and sensitivity to errors.
c. Inexpensive High Quality Electron Sources – Grant applications are sought for the design and prototype fabrication of small, inexpensive (<$1 million) electron sources for use in advanced accelerator R&D laboratory experiments. The following parameters are target values for accelerator research experiments: (1) energy range of 5 to 35 MeV providing, at a minimum, on the order of 109 electrons in a bunch less than 5 picoseconds long; (2) normalized transverse beam emittance ≤5π mm-mrad; and (3) pulse repetition rate >10 Hz. Grant applications are also sought for sources with significantly lower bunch charges, energies, and emittances from a matrix cathode, but at comparable or greater peak currents and significantly higher repetition rates. In addition, grant applications are sought to develop a bright direct-current/radio-frequency (DC/RF) photocathode electron source that combines a pulsed high-electric-field DC gun and a high field RF accelerator, operates at a repetition rate of several kHz, and has electron bunch specifications similar to those listed above.
Grant applications are also sought for the development of RF photocathodes
(robust, with quantum efficiencies >0.1 percent) or other novel RF gun
technologies operating at output electron beam energies >3 MeV. Also of
interest are laser or electron driven systems for such guns.
d. Computer Software for Control Systems and Advanced Accelerator Modeling – Grant applications are sought to develop new or improved computational tools specifically for the design, study, or operation of charged-particle-beam optical systems, accelerator systems, or accelerator components. Such applications should incorporate the innovative development of user-friendly interfaces, with emphasis on graphical user interfaces and windows. Grant applications are also sought for the conversion of existing codes to incorporate such interfaces, provided that existing copyrights are protected and that applications include the authors' statements of permission where appropriate.
Grant applications are sought to develop improved simulation packages.
for injectors or photoinjectors. Areas of interest include: (1) improved
space-charge algorithms; (2) improved algorithms for the self-consistent
computation of the effects of wakefields and coherent synchrotron radiation on
the detailed beam dynamics; (3) improved fully three-dimensional algorithms for
the modeling of transversely asymmetric beams; and (4) explicit end-to-end
simulations that provide for more accurate beam-quality calculations in full
injector systems. Improved simulation packages also are of interest for the
ionization cooling of muon beams, for instance, by modifying the scattering
algorithms to improve agreement with new experimental data.
Grant applications are also sought to develop: (1) improved software systems for command and control functions, real time database management, real-time or off-line modeling of the accelerator system and beam, and status display systems encountered in state-of-the-art approaches to accelerator control and optimization; and (2) improved decision and database management tools, specifically for use in planning and controlling the integrated cost, schedule, and resources in large HEP R&D and construction projects.
Grant applications are also sought to develop real-time optical networks for
pulsed-accelerator control. These networks require timing information to be
combined with data-communication functions on a single optical fiber connected
to pulsed device-controllers. The single fiber should provide each controller
with an RF-synchronized clock that has the following features: (1) an arrival
time that is phase-locked to the temperature-stabilized RF reference phase, (2)
a phase-locked machine pulse fiducial point, (3) digital data for machine
pulse-type selection and specific pulse identification, and (4)
real-time-streaming pulsed waveform data-acquisition capabilities. The
controllers serve as interfaces to systems that provide such functions as
low-level RF signal generation, modulator control, beam position monitors, and
machine protection system sensing. The network should provide real-time,
fast-feedback loop closure and TCP/IP connectivity for slow control functions,
such as database access, device configuration, and code downloading and
debugging.
Finally, grant applications are sought to develop real-time processors and software for pulsed accelerator control and monitoring. The software should be based on a multiprocessor architecture that can be deeply embedded within pulsed device-controllers, which employ system-on-a-chip, field-programmable gate-array, or application-specific integrated circuit technologies. The architectures should feature distinct processors for real-time pulse-to-pulse functions, and conventional slow control functions. Architectural provisions for supporting machine protection functions via an additional processor or dedicated hardware also should be included.
For the preceding two paragraphs, proposed solutions should be engineered to include: (1) resistance to electromagnetic interference generated by nearby, large, pulsed-power systems; and (2) maximum availability in remote deployment locations.
References:
1. Berz, M. and Makino, K., eds., Computational Accelerator Physics 2002: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Accelerator Physics, East Lansing, MI, October 15-18, 2002, Bristol and Philadelphia, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2005. (Institute of Physics Conference Series Number 175) (ISBN: 0-7503-0939-3)
2. Bisognano, J. J. and Mondelli, A. A., eds., Computational Accelerator Physics, Williamsburg, VA, September 24-27,1996, American Institute of Physics (AIP), May 1997. (AIP Conference Proceedings No. 391) (ISBN: 1-56396-671-9)*
3. Chao, A. and Tigner, M., eds., Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1999. (ISBN: 981-02-3858-4)
4. Yakimenko, V., ed., Advanced Accelerator Concepts, 11th Workshop, Stony Brook, NY, June 21-26, 2004, New York: American Institute of Physics, 2004. (AIP Conference Proceedings No. 737) (ISBN: 0-7354-0220-5)*
5. Duggan, J. L. and Morgan, I. L., eds., Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry, Denton, TX, November 12-13, 2002, New York: American Institute of Physics, August 2003. (AIP Conference Proceedings No. 680) (ISBN: 0-7354-0149-7)*
6. Shea, T. and Sibley R., III, eds., Beam Instrumentation Workshop 2004: Eleventh Beam Instrumentaion Workshop, Knoxville, TN, May 3-6, 2004, American Institute of Physics, 2004. (AIP Conference Proceedings No. 732) (ISBN: 0-7354-0214-0)*
7. Ko, K. and Ryne, R., eds., Proceedings of the 1998 International Computational Accelerator Physics Conference: ICAP ’98, Monterey, CA, September 14-18, 1998, Stanford, CA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, November 2001. (Document No. SLAC-R-580) (Full proceedings available at: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C980914.)
8. Kurokawa, S., et al., eds., Beam Measurement: Proceedings of the Joint US-CERN-Japan-Russia School on Particle Accelerators, Montreux and CERN, Switzerland, May 11-20, 1998, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1999. (ISBN: 981-02-3881-9)
9. Lee, S. Y., Accelerator Physics, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1999. (ISBN: 981-02-3710-3)
10. Rosenzweig, J. and Serafini, L., eds., The Physics of High Brightness Beams: Proceedings of the 2nd ICFA Advanced Accelerator Workshop, Los Angeles, CA, November 9-12, 1999, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2000. (ISBN: 981-02-4422-3)
11. Para, A., ed., Neutrino Factories and Superbeams: 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams NuFact 03, New York, NY, June 5-11, 2003. New York: American Institute of Physics, October 2004. (AIP Conference Proceedings No. 721) (ISBN 0-7354-0201-9)*
12. Zimmermann, Frank; Braun, H H; Korostelev, M, "Potential of non-standard emittance damping schemes for linear colliders," Presented at: 3rd Asian Particle Accelerator Conference APAC 2004 , Gyeongiu, Korea , 22 - 26 Mar 2004 (URL: http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=728895&ln=en, http://clic-meeting.web.cern.ch/clic-meeting/2004/04_30fz.pdf).
__________________________
* Abstracts and ordering information available at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/.