OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES <AUTHOR> Jim Fairobent <AUTHOR_EMAIL> Jim.Fairobent@hq.doe.gov <ORG> NNSA <SUMMARY> This Manual provides detailed requirements for Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) facilities and onsite activities (including onsite transportation activities) involving significant quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological) to augment DOE O 151.1B. <DATE_ISSUE> 10/09/2002 <DATE_CLOSE> <DATE_REVIEW> <TEXT> DOE M 151.1B-1 DRAFT: XX-XX-02 Approved: XX-XX-02 Review: XX-XX-04 OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Emergency Operations DISTRIBUTION: INITIATED BY: All Departmental Elements Office of Emergency Operations This page intentionally left blank. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES 1. PURPOSE. This Manual provides detailed requirements for Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) facilities and onsite activities (including onsite transportation activities) involving significant quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological) to augment DOE O 151.1B, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, dated xx-xx-xx, for purposes of emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response. The requirements are used to establish and maintain facility-specific Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Programs, including plans and procedures, personnel, budgets, and other resources. 2. APPLICABILITY. a. DOE Elements. This Manual applies to all DOE elements, including NNSA, listed in Attachment 1. Exclusions are listed in paragraph 2c, below. Managers of government-owned, government-operated (GOGO) facilities/activities/ operations are expected to carry out the same responsibilities and comply with the same requirements as are outlined for managers of government-owned, contractor- operated (GOCO) facilities/activities/operations in the Contractor Requirements Document (CRD), Attachment 3. b. Site/Facility Management Contracts. (1) Except for the exclusions and exemptions in paragraphs 2c and 2d, the CRD (Attachment 3) sets forth requirements of this Manual that will apply to site/facility management contracts that include the CRD. (2) This CRD must be included in site/facility management contracts for management of DOE-/NNSA-owned or DOE-/NNSA-leased facilities, for performance-based management, and for providing emergency assistance. (3) This Manual does not apply to other than site/facility management contracts. Any application of any requirements of this Manual to other than site/facility management contracts will be communicated separately from this Manual. (4) The official identified in the Responsibilities paragraph of DOE O 151.1B, Chapter V, is responsible for notifying the contracting officer of which site/facility management contracts are affected. Once notified, the contracting officer is responsible for incorporating the CRD as a List B directive under the provisions of 48 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 970.5204-78 into each affected site/facility management contract via the laws, regulations, and DOE directives clause of the contract. (5) As the laws, regulations, and DOE directives clause of site/facility management contracts states, regardless of the performer of the work, site/facility management contractors with the CRD incorporated into their contracts are responsible for compliance with the requirements of the CRD. Affected site/facility management contractors are responsible for flowing down the requirements of this CRD to subcontracts at any tier to the extent necessary to ensure the site/facility management contractors' compliance with the requirements. c. Exclusions. (1) The following facilities and activities are excluded from the requirements of this Manual: the NNSA Office of Naval Reactors, shipments made under the Transportation Safeguards System (TSS), the Power Marketing Administrations; and non-weapons offsite transportation activities. Other organizations excluded from the requirements of this Manual are shown in Attachment 2. (2) Except where otherwise agreed, all DOE or NNSA facilities and activities subject to Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license requirements are specifically excluded from the requirements of this Manual in those areas where both agencies have promulgated similar requirements. Facilities and activities meeting NRC requirements must be effectively integrated into the DOE sitewide emergency management program. d. Exemptions. (1) If a DOE or NNSA element or contractor can demonstrate that it is subject to emergency management program requirements under the authority of other Federal regulatory agencies and those requirements are at least as stringent as the requirements of this Manual, an exemption may be requested. (2) Requests for exemptions from the requirements of this Manual, including specific program element requirements, must include the basis for the request and describe and justify alternatives equivalent to or exceeding this Manual. (3) Requests for exemptions are approved by Secretarial Officers in consultation with the Director of Emergency Operations, with conflicts resolved by the Deputy Secretary or designated Chief Operating Officer for DOE. Requests for exemptions must be submitted from the field element manager to the appropriate Secretarial Officers and the Director of Emergency Operations. 3. SUMMARY. DOE O 151.1B establishes the overall requirements for the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System and provides the minimum requirements for the Operational Emergency Base Program in Chapter III. In addition to the Base Program, this Manual provides specific, supplemental requirements for the Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Program to be incorporated into emergency management programs for DOE and NNSA facilities and onsite activities involving significant quantities of hazardous materials. 4. CONTACT. For assistance regarding this directive, contact the Director of Emergency Operations at 202-586-9892. BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY: DOE ORGANIZATIONS TO WHICH DOE M 151.1B-1 IS APPLICABLE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Environment, Safety and Health Office of Environmental Management Office of Fossil Energy Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance National Nuclear Security Administration Office of the Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs Office of the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Office of Emergency Operations Office of the Associate Administrator for Facilities and Operations Office of the Associate Administrator for Management and Administration Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Office of Public Affairs Office of Science Office of Security Albuquerque Operations Office Nevada Operations Office Chicago Operations Office Oakland Operations Office Oak Ridge Operations Office Richland Operations Office Savannah River Operations Office Idaho Operations Office Golden Field Office Rocky Flats Field Office Ohio Field Office DOE ORGANIZATIONS TO WHICH DOE M 151.1B-1 IS NOT APPLICABLE Office of the Secretary Chief Information Officer Departmental Representative to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Office of Counterintelligence Office of Economic Impact and Diversity Energy Information Administration Office of General Counsel Office of Hearings and Appeals Office of the Inspector General Office of Intelligence Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation and Chief Financial Officer National Nuclear Security Administration Office of the Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors Office of Policy and International Affairs Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Office of Worker and Community Transition Bonneville Power Administration Southeastern Power Administration Southwestern Power Administration Western Power Administration OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT 1. HAZARDS SURVEY/HAZARDS ASSESSMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3. TRAINING AND DRILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4. EXERCISES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5. READINESS ASSURANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO). . . . . . . . . . . .8 7. OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 8. EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9. EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION. . . . . . . . 10 10. NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11. CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 13. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 14. EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15. TERMINATION AND RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 This page intentionally left blank. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT Regardless of the performer of the work, the contractor is responsible for compliance with the requirements of this Contractor Requirements Document (CRD). The contractor is responsible for flowing down the requirements of this CRD to subcontracts at any tier to the extent necessary to ensure the contractor's compliance with the requirements. 1. HAZARDS SURVEY/HAZARDS ASSESSMENT. a. Hazards Survey. See DOE O 151.1B, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, dated xx-xx-xx, Chapter II. b. Hazards Assessment. See DOE O 151.1B, Chapter IV. 2. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION. Effective organizational management and administrative control of the facility emergency management program must be provided by establishing and maintaining authorities and necessary resources commensurate with the responsibility to plan, develop, implement, and maintain a viable, integrated, and coordinated comprehensive emergency management program. a. The emergency plan must document the emergency management program, including provisions for response to an Operational Emergency, and Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs) must describe how emergency plans will be implemented. b. Emergency plans and procedures must (1) clearly state roles, responsibilities, and requirements associated with program administration, emergency response organizations (EROs), individual positions, operations, and interfaces; (2) describe the integration and coordination of the emergency management program with DOE's Integrated Safety Management system; and (3) be reviewed annually and updated as necessary. c. If a facility is generating classified information or unclassified controlled nuclear information (UCNI) or is conducting operations that are classified or UCNI, all emergency management documents, such as plans, procedures, scenarios, and assessments, must be reviewed by an authorized derivative classifier (ADC) or UCNI reviewing official. 3. TRAINING AND DRILLS. A comprehensive, coordinated, and documented program of training and drills must be an integral part of the emergency management program to ensure that preparedness activities for developing and maintaining program-specific emergency response capabilities are accomplished. a. An emergency management training program plan must be developed to provide a comprehensive and systematic plan for accomplishing program goals that reflect organizational responsibilities, resources, and planned training and drill activities. (1) The plan must include training goals or objectives; an outline and schedule of training; resources and facilities; organization and responsibilities; target audience; and program administration. (2) The plan must define minimum program standards for (a) training required for each position, i.e., certain courses must be completed; (b) proficiency, such as minimum grades on tests and how prior experience is credited; (c) performance, specifying what constitutes acceptable performance during drills, exercises, or actual events; and (d) retraining and revalidation. b. The training program for all primary and alternate personnel assigned to the facility- and site-level Emergency Response Organization (ERO) must include provisions for position-specific requirements: (1) initial training and annual refresher training; (2) refresher training when hazards or emergency plan/implementing procedures change; and (3) demonstrations of proficiency through testing and drills. c. To ensure that ERO decision-makers are able to perform their duties promptly and accurately, the following requirements must be met. (1) Training must emphasize the need for prompt, accurate, and practical judgements involving event categorization and classification, protective actions, and the urgency of notifications of Operational Emergencies. (2) Emergency Action Level (EAL) training must be conducted periodically to improve the proficiency of ERO decision-makers in timely and conservative classification of Operational Emergencies, including decision-making when information is incomplete or uncertain and for events and conditions that are not covered explicitly by the EALs. (3) ERO personnel authorized for initial classification and protective action decision-making must validate their proficiency by participating in performance tests that employ hypothetical scenarios and available facility/site aids, such as EAL sets. d. Offsite emergency response personnel and organizations, including hospitals, that are expected to support onsite response efforts, must be offered (1) training on facility and site-specific emergency-related conditions and hazards and (2) the opportunity to participate in training and drills validating procedures for response activities expected to involve integration of onsite and offsite response resources. e. Training and drill records must be maintained to document participation and proficiency. 4. EXERCISES. All elements of an emergency management program must be validated over a 5-year period through a formal exercise program. The exercise program must validate facility and site-level emergency management program elements by initiating response to simulated, realistic emergency events/conditions in a manner that replicates an integrated emergency response to an actual event as nearly as possible. Exercise planning and preparation must use an effective, structured approach that includes documentation of specific objectives, scope, time lines, injects, controller instructions, and evaluation criteria for realistic scenarios. Each exercise must be conducted, controlled, evaluated, and critiqued effectively and reliably. Lessons-learned must be developed, resulting in corrective actions and improvements. a. Each facility or group of facilities with common facility-level ERO positions (e.g., a technical area) with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert must conduct a facility exercise annually. Other facilities, which can only reach an Operational Emergency classified as an Alert, must conduct a facility exercise every two years. The exercise must test the proficiency of facility-level ERO personnel in accomplishing facility-specific emergency response duties and responsibilities using procedures; interfaces; job aids and resources; equipment for response, protection and communication; and computer applications through practical, "hands-on" activities. The scope and level of participation of the facility exercise, including participation of selected site-level response resources (e.g., fire, hazardous material, medical), is not intended to be comparable to the annual site exercise. Participation of facility-level ERO positions in the annual site exercise satisfies this facility exercise requirement. b. A site exercise designed to test the integrated emergency response capabilities of facility and site-level ERO positions and resources must be conducted annually and must include both facility and site-level evaluation and critique. For multiple- facility sites, the basis for the annual site exercise must be rotated among facilities or groups of facilities (e.g., technical area). c. Full-participation exercises are site exercises that involve the participation of offsite response organizations. The following standards apply. (1) If a site has no facilities with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, no full-participation exercises are required. (2) If a site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, the site must conduct a full-participation exercise at least once every 2 years by inviting offsite organizations to participate and accommodating those that choose to participate. (3) The site must conduct a full-participation exercise as part of a DOE Operational Readiness Review (ORR). This exercise is required only when (a) the site has identified potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert for the facility or activity that is the subject of the ORR and (b) the ORR is part of the authorization process to gain startup or restart approval from the Secretary of Energy (or designee) or the cognizant Secretarial Officer. This authorization authority is associated with a new hazardous operation or restarting an operation that was shut down for safety concerns (see DOE O 425.1B, Startup and Restart of Nuclear Facilities, dated 12-21-00). (4) A full-participation exercise associated with an ORR fulfills the biennial site requirement for a full participation exercise (see paragraph 4c(2), above). (5) For multiple-facility sites, the basis for the full-participation exercise must be rotated among those facilities or groups of facilities with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert. d. Site exercise packages must be provided to appropriate DOE or NNSA line management organizations and the DOE Director of Emergency Operations for review 45 or more days prior to the exercise. e. A site exercise program must include periodic participation by appropriate DOE or NNSA radiological emergency response assets if a facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert which involves radioactive materials. Asset participation in these exercises must be (1) invited at least once every 5 years and (2) drawn from the Accident Response Group (ARG), Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST), Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC), Aerial Measuring System (AMS), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Radiation Emergency assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), and Radiological Assistance Program (RAP). f. An actual emergency event may satisfy an exercise requirement for a facility or site with the concurrence of appropriate DOE or NNSA line management organizations and the DOE Director of Emergency Operations. g. A critique process must be established to gather and document observations of the participants. h. A DOE or NNSA organization responsible for evaluating an exercise must determine whether the contractor exercise objectives were accomplished satisfactorily. Failed DOE or NNSA contractor objectives (i.e., "Deficiencies") must be re-evaluated within 90 days during a drill or through selected functional tests. A DOE or NNSA evaluating organization may elect to assign a failing grade to an exercise if the contractor has not demonstrated an ability to protect the health and safety of the public and onsite personnel. i. Corrective action plans must be developed and submitted for approval (See DOE O 414.1A Chg 1, Quality Assurance, dated 7-12-01). Corrective actions identified as a result of evaluation findings must be incorporated into the emergency management program. 5. READINESS ASSURANCE. A Readiness Assurance program must provide a framework and associated mechanisms to assure that emergency plans, implementing procedures, and resources are adequate and sufficiently maintained, exercised, and evaluated (including assessment and appraisal) and that appropriate, timely improvements are made in response to needs identified through coordinated and comprehensive emergency planning, resource allocation, training and drills, exercises, and evaluations. a. Tracking System. A system to track and verify correction of findings from program and exercise evaluations, or from actual responses, must be developed, established, and maintained. Evaluation findings must be acknowledged by the evaluated program within 90 days of receipt of findings and must include corresponding plans for corrections. b. Other Readiness Assurance Programs. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in other DOE Director of Emergency Operations readiness assurance programs developed and maintained to monitor, demonstrate, or track performance of activities, functions, or components of emergency management programs. (1) Metrics. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in a program of performance measures and/or metrics to capture and track objective data regarding the performance of emergency management programs in key functional areas. (2) No-Notice Exercises. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in a program of No-Notice Exercises, conducted by the DOE Director of Emergency Operations, to determine if the facility/site ERO accomplishes one or more selected objectives according to applicable plans, procedures, and/or other established requirements. Facility/site involvement will be limited to providing trusted agents and responding when the exercise is conducted. 6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO). Each facility/site must establish and maintain a structured organization with overall responsibility for initial and ongoing emergency response and mitigation. The ERO must establish effective control at the event/incident scene and integrate local agencies and organizations providing onsite response services. An adequate number of experienced and trained primary and alternate response personnel must be available on demand for timely and effective performance of ERO functions. a. Personnel needed to perform emergency-related duties during a response to any of the broad range of Operational Emergencies must be considered members of the ERO. b. Fully trained personnel must be assigned to facility and site-level ERO positions to ensure adequate staffing for emergency response. For sites (or facilities) with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, three fully trained personnel must be assigned to each ERO position to ensure reliable activation and effective, continuous response staffing during an extended event. c. All personnel assigned to facility or site-level ERO positions must demonstrate proficiency in their assigned positions through participation in an exercise, an evaluated drill, or an actual emergency response at least once every two years. This participation may be accomplished on a rotating basis by all primary and alternate personnel. d. A contractor emergency director must be in charge of the overall response. e. An incident commander must be in charge at the event scene and use Incident Management System/Incident Command System (IMS/ICS) principles to coordinate and direct the emergency response. The contractor must adopt the IMS/ICS that is used by local, State, or regional agencies that provide assistance to the DOE site. In the absence of a locally designated IMS/ICS, National Fire Protection Association Standard 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, must be used to establish the IMS/ICS for DOE facilities. The specific IMS/ICS used must be identified in the emergency plan and memorandum of understanding/agreement. f. An individual trained to recognize, categorize, and classify events and to conduct appropriate notifications must be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This individual's authority must be unambiguous and clearly communicated throughout the organization. g. For facilities/sites with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, an individual must be assigned liaison responsibilities for coordinating with offsite agencies to ensure that effective communications are initiated and maintained during an emergency. h. For facilities/sites with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert and which involve radioactive materials, an individual must be assigned liaison responsibilities for coordinating logistics and ensuring that effective communications are initiated and maintained and that data is exchanged using units of measure consistent with that used by personnel representing DOE or NNSA assets (e.g., NARAC, FRMAC, AMS, RAP, REAC/TS, ARG, and/or NEST) involved in the response. 7. OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES. Effective interfaces must be established and maintained to ensure that emergency response activities are integrated and coordinated with the Federal, Tribal, State, and local agencies and organizations responsible for emergency response and protection of workers, the public, and the environment. a. Procedures must be in place and implemented with State, Tribal, and local agencies and organizations for communications about facility/site hazards, emergency plans, alert and notification methods, potential emergency consequences, protective actions, and provisions for coordinating the release of information about the emergency to the public. b. If a contractor facility has reached an agreement to provide mutual assistance to or receive assistance from offsite organizations, such agreements must be documented in a formal memorandum of agreement or memorandum of understanding. Such memoranda must be included in the emergency plan and must be reviewed annually. c. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, information must be shared and common solutions discussed during planning sessions with representatives from offsite emergency response agencies and organizations within the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). These discussions should address significant public health and safety issues (e.g., protective action considerations such as stockpiling stable iodine for possible distribution as a radio protective prophylaxis) in planning for response to emergency scenarios resulting from operation of the facility. 8. EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT. Facilities and equipment to support emergency response must be available, operable, and maintained. Specifically, an adequate, viable command center must be available as necessary and personnel protective equipment must be available and operable to meet the needs of the responders. a. A facility must be available for use as a command center by the emergency director and members of the ERO. b. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, provisions must be established for use of an alternate location if the primary command center is unavailable. c. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert which involves radioactive materials, provisions must be established to ensure operational compatibility between facility response capabilities and DOE or NNSA assets. 9. EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION. Major unplanned or nonroutine abnormal events or conditions involving or affecting DOE or NNSA facilities or activities by causing or having the potential to cause serious health and safety impacts onsite or offsite to workers or the public, serious detrimental effects on the environment, direct harm to people or the environment as a result of degradation of security or safeguards conditions, or release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, must be recognized promptly, categorized, and declared as Operational Emergencies. In addition to being categorized as Operational Emergencies, events involving the actual or potential airborne release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials from a facility or activity also require prompt and accurate classification based on health effect thresholds (for initiating protective actions) measured or estimated at specific receptor locations (i.e., facility and site boundaries, etc.) Predetermined conservative onsite protective actions and offsite protective action recommendations must be associated with the classification of these Operational Emergencies. a. An event or condition must be categorized as an Operational Emergency and, as required, classified as promptly as possible, not more than 15 minutes after event recognition/identification/discovery. b. Facility and site-specific criteria/means/indicators designed to recognize events and conditions as Operational Emergencies not involving onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials must be developed for the spectrum of emergency conditions identified in the Hazards Survey. c. Unless the original categorization was incorrect, events categorized as an emergency must not be downgraded (e.g., from Operational Emergency to Unusual Occurrence). An event determined to be an Operational Emergency must remain so until the emergency response is terminated. d. Facility and activity-specific Emergency Action Levels (EALs) must be developed for classifying the spectrum of potential Operational Emergencies involving significant onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials as identified by the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessments (EPHAs). e. EALs must be reviewed and tested regularly to ensure technical accuracy and ease of use by decision-makers. Techniques must be developed and readily available for the classification of events and conditions not covered explicitly by the EALs. f. Protective actions must be developed in concert with EALs to ensure that appropriate protective actions are identified for each EAL. g. In general, the classification (i.e., Alert, Site Area Emergency, General Emergency) should not be downgraded until termination of the emergency; however, emergency classification must be reviewed periodically to ensure that classification is commensurate with response activities. 10. NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Prompt, accurate, and effective initial emergency notifications must be made to workers and emergency response personnel/ organizations, including appropriate DOE or NNSA elements, and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations and authorities. Accurate and timely follow-up notifications must be made when conditions change or when the classification is upgraded or the emergency is terminated. Continuous, effective, and accurate communication among response components and/or organizations must be reliably maintained throughout an Operational Emergency. a. For Operational Emergencies, initial emergency notifications must be made to emergency response organizations and authorities, including DOE elements and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations. (1) For Operational Emergencies involving onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, and classified as Alert, Site Area Emergency, or General Emergency: (a) DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters Operations Centers and appropriate Tribal, State, and local response organizations must be notified as promptly as possible, but no later than 15 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and classified and (b) all other appropriate organizations and authorities must be notified no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and classified. (2) For Operational Emergencies not involving the onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials: (a) DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters Operations Centers must be notified as promptly as possible, but no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and (b) all other appropriate organizations and authorities, including Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations, must be notified no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized, or as established in mutual agreements. b. Effective communications between event scene responders, emergency managers, response facilities, and workers who have taken protective actions must be established. c. Emergency status updates/situation reports must be forwarded to the next-higher emergency management team (EMT) on a continuing basis until the emergency is terminated. d. All reports and media releases must be reviewed by an ADC or UCNI reviewing official before being released to uncleared personnel, entered into unclassified data bases, or transmitted using non-secure communications equipment. e. Following termination of emergency response, and in conjunction with submitting the final occurrence report (see DOE O 232.1A, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, dated 7-21-97) each activated EMT must submit a final report on the emergency response to the DOE Director of Emergency Operations. If the emergency was initiated by a security incident, the final report on the emergency will be submitted in conjunction with the final incident report (see DOE N 471.3, Reporting Incidents of Security Concern). f. Reporting requirements must be specified during recovery planning. 11. CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT. Estimates of onsite and offsite consequences of actual or potential releases of hazardous materials must be correctly computed and assessed in a timely manner throughout the emergency. Consequence assessments must be integrated with event classification and protective action decision-making, incorporate facility and field indications and measurements, and be coordinated with offsite agencies. a. A timely initial assessment of the actual or potential consequences of an emergency must be performed, and in-depth assessments of the consequences must be timely throughout the emergency. b. Accurate and timely consequence assessments must be made using exposure tables, plume modeling, and interpretation of field data to protect site workers, emergency teams, and the public. (1) If the facility has the potential for an Operational Emergency classified as a General Emergency, the facility/site must have connectivity to NARAC capabilities and procedures to use the NARAC capability effectively as part of real-time consequence assessment activities for the mode (primary, backup, corroborating) selected by the facility. (2) If the facility has the potential for an Operational Emergency classified as a Site Area Emergency, the facility/site must have procedures in place to activate or request NARAC capabilities and must be able to use those capabilities as part of real-time consequence assessment activities, in the event the consequence of the emergency reaches a General Emergency and the site consequence assessment capability is unavailable as a result of site emergencies or technical difficulties. (3) All DOE or NNSA facilities/sites that have access to NARAC or have procedures in place to activate or request NARAC capabilities must ensure that facility/site meteorological data and information on source terms for actual or potential releases of hazardous materials to the atmosphere can be made available to NARAC in a timely manner to facilitate real-time computations. c. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than Alert, consequence assessments must be coordinated with Federal, Tribal, State, and local response organizations. 12. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY. Protective actions must be promptly and effectively implemented or recommended for implementation, as needed, to minimize the consequences of emergencies and to protect the health and safety of workers and the public. Protective actions that can be implemented individually, or in combination, to reduce exposures from a wide range of hazardous material types, include evacuation, sheltering, decontamination of people, medical care, ad hoc respiratory protection, control of access, shielding, radio protective prophylaxis (e.g. administration of stable iodine, chelating agents, or diuretics), control of foodstuffs and water, relocation, decontamination of land and equipment, and changes in livestock and agricultural practices. Protective actions must be reassessed throughout an emergency and modified as conditions change. Reentry activities must be planned, coordinated, and accomplished properly and safely. a. Protective action criteria used in decision-making must conform with DOE or NNSA-approved guidance applicable to the actual or potential release of hazardous materials to the environment. b. All emergency response activities, including search and rescue, mitigating response activities, field monitoring, and reentry must be planned and controlled. c. Initial protective actions for collocated facilities and workers must be predetermined and associated directly with related EALs. d. In the event of an emergency evacuation, facility personnel must be accounted for. (1) To support initial search and rescue activities, initial accounting for all personnel evacuated must be completed within 30 minutes after the evacuation began. The use of wardens for personnel sweeps, as described in the Appendix to 29 CFR 1910, Subpart E, Means of Egress, Appendix, paragraph 3, may be used to satisfy this requirement. (2) Accountability actions must be continued to support ongoing search and rescue activities following an emergency evacuation. e. Access to contaminated areas must be controlled. Personnel or equipment exiting contaminated areas must be decontaminated. f. Planning must address actions that may be taken to increase the effectiveness of protective actions (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning shutdown during sheltering). g. If the facility/activity has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, initial protective action recommendations for the offsite public must also be predetermined, associated with related EALs, and provided to appropriate State, Tribal, and/or local authorities. h. Reentry plans must include contingencies to ensure the safety of reentry personnel, such as planning for the rescue of reentry teams. Responders involved in reentry must receive hazards/safety briefings consistent with Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations before reentry. i. Title 10 CFR 835, Subpart N, provides requirements for radiological emergency exposure situations. The following radiological guidelines must apply to reentry or other rescue operations. Dose Limit, Whole Body Activity Performed Conditions 5 Rem All 10 Rem Protect Major Property Where lower dose limit not practicable 25 Rem Lifesaving or protection of large populations. Where lower dose limit not practicable >25 Rem Lifesaving or protection of large populations. Only on a voluntary basis to personnel fully aware of risks involved j. Methods must be in place for controlling, monitoring, and maintaining records of personnel exposures to hazardous materials. 13. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT. Medical support must be provided for workers contaminated by hazardous materials. Arrangements with offsite medical facilities to transport, accept, and treat contaminated, injured personnel must be documented. a. Contractor facilities must provide information and training on facility-specific hazardous materials and provide drill and exercise opportunities to onsite and offsite medical personnel in advance of emergencies. b. Following an emergency involving injured personnel who have been contaminated, exposure and contamination information must be sent with victims, and expert technical support must be provided to the receiving hospital(s). 14. EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION. Accurate, candid, and timely information must be provided to workers, the news media, and the public during an emergency to establish facts and avoid speculation. Emergency public information efforts must be coordinated with State, Tribal, and local governments, and be part of Federal emergency response plans as appropriate. Workers and the public must be informed of emergency plans and planned protective actions before emergencies. a. Contractors must provide accurate, candid, and timely information, consistent with requirements of the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act to ensure the health and safety of workers and the public during emergencies and to establish facts, avoid rumors and speculation, and be responsive to public concerns and information needs. b. Provisions must be in place for a facility information center to be established and to operate as the single source of information during an emergency. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a Joint Information Center (JIC) must be established to provide a single source of information. The JIC facility and equipment must be commensurate with public information needs. The JIC must be established, directed, and coordinated by a senior DOE or NNSA public affairs manager or alternate. JIC staff must include trained spokespersons with technical expertise related to the emergency. c. The emergency public information program must be integrated with facility emergency management program plans and procedures. The program must include provisions to inform workers and the public of facility or activity hazards, protective actions, and emergency response activities both on a routine basis and during an emergency. d. Emergency public information staff must include trained spokespersons to provide support in media interface. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a news writer and other trained personnel must provide support in media services, public inquiry, media inquiry, JIC management and administrative activities, and media monitoring. e. A press statement must be released as soon as possible. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a press statement must be released by the responsible contractor or DOE or NNSA field office within 1 hour of the declaration of an Operational Emergency. f. In situations involving classified information, sufficient unclassified information must be provided to explain the emergency response and protective actions required for the health and safety of workers and the public. g. Public announcements that contain information that may present a security risk must be reviewed by an ADC or UCNI reviewing official before release. h. The Headquarters Director of the Office of Public Affairs and Director of Emergency Operations must be notified of all contractor emergency public information actions. These notifications must be made as soon as practicable but are not required prior to issuing the initial news release. All statements must be coordinated with DOE Headquarters thereafter. i. A public information officer must be assigned to a response team deployed offsite to provide mutual aid to a significant response. j. Each contractor facility must develop a plan to provide to the public information on facility hazards, emergency points of contact, protective actions, and emergency response activities. This information must be provided as activities, hazards, or expected actions change, but at least every year. If the facility does not have the potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, information must be provided every 2 years. 15. TERMINATION AND RECOVERY. An Operational Emergency can be terminated only after a predetermined set of criteria has been met and termination has been coordinated with offsite agencies. Recovery from a terminated Operational Emergency must involve communication and coordination with State, Tribal, local, and other Federal agencies; planning, management, and organization of the associated recovery activities; and ens uring the health and safety of workers and the public. a. Predetermined criteria for terminating emergencies must be established/ developed. b. Means must exist for estimating exposure to hazardous materials and for protecting workers and the general public from exposure during recovery activities. c. Recovery procedures must include dissemination of information to Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations regarding the emergency and possible relaxation of public protective actions, notifications associated with termination of an emergency, planning for decontamination, establishment of a recovery organization, development of reporting requirements, and establishment of criteria for resumption of normal operations. d. The contractor facility and the accident investigation team must coordinate or integrate their activities to facilitate orderly transition of responsibilities for the emergency scene (See DOE O 225.1A, Accident Investigation, dated 11-27-97).

DOE M 151.1B-1 Draft 151.1B-1 OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES <AUTHOR> Jim Fairobent <AUTHOR_EMAIL> Jim.Fairobent@hq.doe.gov <ORG> NNSA <SUMMARY> This Manual provides detailed requirements for Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) facilities and onsite activities (including onsite transportation activities) involving significant quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological) to augment DOE O 151.1B. <DATE_ISSUE> 10/09/2002 <DATE_CLOSE> <DATE_REVIEW> <TEXT> DOE M 151.1B-1 DRAFT: XX-XX-02 Approved: XX-XX-02 Review: XX-XX-04 OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Emergency Operations DISTRIBUTION: INITIATED BY: All Departmental Elements Office of Emergency Operations This page intentionally left blank. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS MANUAL FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES 1. PURPOSE. This Manual provides detailed requirements for Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) facilities and onsite activities (including onsite transportation activities) involving significant quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological) to augment DOE O 151.1B, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, dated xx-xx-xx, for purposes of emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response. The requirements are used to establish and maintain facility-specific Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Programs, including plans and procedures, personnel, budgets, and other resources. 2. APPLICABILITY. a. DOE Elements. This Manual applies to all DOE elements, including NNSA, listed in Attachment 1. Exclusions are listed in paragraph 2c, below. Managers of government-owned, government-operated (GOGO) facilities/activities/ operations are expected to carry out the same responsibilities and comply with the same requirements as are outlined for managers of government-owned, contractor- operated (GOCO) facilities/activities/operations in the Contractor Requirements Document (CRD), Attachment 3. b. Site/Facility Management Contracts. (1) Except for the exclusions and exemptions in paragraphs 2c and 2d, the CRD (Attachment 3) sets forth requirements of this Manual that will apply to site/facility management contracts that include the CRD. (2) This CRD must be included in site/facility management contracts for management of DOE-/NNSA-owned or DOE-/NNSA-leased facilities, for performance-based management, and for providing emergency assistance. (3) This Manual does not apply to other than site/facility management contracts. Any application of any requirements of this Manual to other than site/facility management contracts will be communicated separately from this Manual. (4) The official identified in the Responsibilities paragraph of DOE O 151.1B, Chapter V, is responsible for notifying the contracting officer of which site/facility management contracts are affected. Once notified, the contracting officer is responsible for incorporating the CRD as a List B directive under the provisions of 48 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 970.5204-78 into each affected site/facility management contract via the laws, regulations, and DOE directives clause of the contract. (5) As the laws, regulations, and DOE directives clause of site/facility management contracts states, regardless of the performer of the work, site/facility management contractors with the CRD incorporated into their contracts are responsible for compliance with the requirements of the CRD. Affected site/facility management contractors are responsible for flowing down the requirements of this CRD to subcontracts at any tier to the extent necessary to ensure the site/facility management contractors' compliance with the requirements. c. Exclusions. (1) The following facilities and activities are excluded from the requirements of this Manual: the NNSA Office of Naval Reactors, shipments made under the Transportation Safeguards System (TSS), the Power Marketing Administrations; and non-weapons offsite transportation activities. Other organizations excluded from the requirements of this Manual are shown in Attachment 2. (2) Except where otherwise agreed, all DOE or NNSA facilities and activities subject to Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license requirements are specifically excluded from the requirements of this Manual in those areas where both agencies have promulgated similar requirements. Facilities and activities meeting NRC requirements must be effectively integrated into the DOE sitewide emergency management program. d. Exemptions. (1) If a DOE or NNSA element or contractor can demonstrate that it is subject to emergency management program requirements under the authority of other Federal regulatory agencies and those requirements are at least as stringent as the requirements of this Manual, an exemption may be requested. (2) Requests for exemptions from the requirements of this Manual, including specific program element requirements, must include the basis for the request and describe and justify alternatives equivalent to or exceeding this Manual. (3) Requests for exemptions are approved by Secretarial Officers in consultation with the Director of Emergency Operations, with conflicts resolved by the Deputy Secretary or designated Chief Operating Officer for DOE. Requests for exemptions must be submitted from the field element manager to the appropriate Secretarial Officers and the Director of Emergency Operations. 3. SUMMARY. DOE O 151.1B establishes the overall requirements for the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System and provides the minimum requirements for the Operational Emergency Base Program in Chapter III. In addition to the Base Program, this Manual provides specific, supplemental requirements for the Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Program to be incorporated into emergency management programs for DOE and NNSA facilities and onsite activities involving significant quantities of hazardous materials. 4. CONTACT. For assistance regarding this directive, contact the Director of Emergency Operations at 202-586-9892. BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY: DOE ORGANIZATIONS TO WHICH DOE M 151.1B-1 IS APPLICABLE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Environment, Safety and Health Office of Environmental Management Office of Fossil Energy Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance National Nuclear Security Administration Office of the Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs Office of the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Office of Emergency Operations Office of the Associate Administrator for Facilities and Operations Office of the Associate Administrator for Management and Administration Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Office of Public Affairs Office of Science Office of Security Albuquerque Operations Office Nevada Operations Office Chicago Operations Office Oakland Operations Office Oak Ridge Operations Office Richland Operations Office Savannah River Operations Office Idaho Operations Office Golden Field Office Rocky Flats Field Office Ohio Field Office DOE ORGANIZATIONS TO WHICH DOE M 151.1B-1 IS NOT APPLICABLE Office of the Secretary Chief Information Officer Departmental Representative to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Office of Counterintelligence Office of Economic Impact and Diversity Energy Information Administration Office of General Counsel Office of Hearings and Appeals Office of the Inspector General Office of Intelligence Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation and Chief Financial Officer National Nuclear Security Administration Office of the Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors Office of Policy and International Affairs Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Office of Worker and Community Transition Bonneville Power Administration Southeastern Power Administration Southwestern Power Administration Western Power Administration OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT 1. HAZARDS SURVEY/HAZARDS ASSESSMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3. TRAINING AND DRILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4. EXERCISES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5. READINESS ASSURANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO). . . . . . . . . . . .8 7. OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 8. EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9. EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION. . . . . . . . 10 10. NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11. CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 13. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 14. EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15. TERMINATION AND RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 This page intentionally left blank. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FACILITIES AND ONSITE ACTIVITIES CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT Regardless of the performer of the work, the contractor is responsible for compliance with the requirements of this Contractor Requirements Document (CRD). The contractor is responsible for flowing down the requirements of this CRD to subcontracts at any tier to the extent necessary to ensure the contractor's compliance with the requirements. 1. HAZARDS SURVEY/HAZARDS ASSESSMENT. a. Hazards Survey. See DOE O 151.1B, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, dated xx-xx-xx, Chapter II. b. Hazards Assessment. See DOE O 151.1B, Chapter IV. 2. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION. Effective organizational management and administrative control of the facility emergency management program must be provided by establishing and maintaining authorities and necessary resources commensurate with the responsibility to plan, develop, implement, and maintain a viable, integrated, and coordinated comprehensive emergency management program. a. The emergency plan must document the emergency management program, including provisions for response to an Operational Emergency, and Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs) must describe how emergency plans will be implemented. b. Emergency plans and procedures must (1) clearly state roles, responsibilities, and requirements associated with program administration, emergency response organizations (EROs), individual positions, operations, and interfaces; (2) describe the integration and coordination of the emergency management program with DOE's Integrated Safety Management system; and (3) be reviewed annually and updated as necessary. c. If a facility is generating classified information or unclassified controlled nuclear information (UCNI) or is conducting operations that are classified or UCNI, all emergency management documents, such as plans, procedures, scenarios, and assessments, must be reviewed by an authorized derivative classifier (ADC) or UCNI reviewing official. 3. TRAINING AND DRILLS. A comprehensive, coordinated, and documented program of training and drills must be an integral part of the emergency management program to ensure that preparedness activities for developing and maintaining program-specific emergency response capabilities are accomplished. a. An emergency management training program plan must be developed to provide a comprehensive and systematic plan for accomplishing program goals that reflect organizational responsibilities, resources, and planned training and drill activities. (1) The plan must include training goals or objectives; an outline and schedule of training; resources and facilities; organization and responsibilities; target audience; and program administration. (2) The plan must define minimum program standards for (a) training required for each position, i.e., certain courses must be completed; (b) proficiency, such as minimum grades on tests and how prior experience is credited; (c) performance, specifying what constitutes acceptable performance during drills, exercises, or actual events; and (d) retraining and revalidation. b. The training program for all primary and alternate personnel assigned to the facility- and site-level Emergency Response Organization (ERO) must include provisions for position-specific requirements: (1) initial training and annual refresher training; (2) refresher training when hazards or emergency plan/implementing procedures change; and (3) demonstrations of proficiency through testing and drills. c. To ensure that ERO decision-makers are able to perform their duties promptly and accurately, the following requirements must be met. (1) Training must emphasize the need for prompt, accurate, and practical judgements involving event categorization and classification, protective actions, and the urgency of notifications of Operational Emergencies. (2) Emergency Action Level (EAL) training must be conducted periodically to improve the proficiency of ERO decision-makers in timely and conservative classification of Operational Emergencies, including decision-making when information is incomplete or uncertain and for events and conditions that are not covered explicitly by the EALs. (3) ERO personnel authorized for initial classification and protective action decision-making must validate their proficiency by participating in performance tests that employ hypothetical scenarios and available facility/site aids, such as EAL sets. d. Offsite emergency response personnel and organizations, including hospitals, that are expected to support onsite response efforts, must be offered (1) training on facility and site-specific emergency-related conditions and hazards and (2) the opportunity to participate in training and drills validating procedures for response activities expected to involve integration of onsite and offsite response resources. e. Training and drill records must be maintained to document participation and proficiency. 4. EXERCISES. All elements of an emergency management program must be validated over a 5-year period through a formal exercise program. The exercise program must validate facility and site-level emergency management program elements by initiating response to simulated, realistic emergency events/conditions in a manner that replicates an integrated emergency response to an actual event as nearly as possible. Exercise planning and preparation must use an effective, structured approach that includes documentation of specific objectives, scope, time lines, injects, controller instructions, and evaluation criteria for realistic scenarios. Each exercise must be conducted, controlled, evaluated, and critiqued effectively and reliably. Lessons-learned must be developed, resulting in corrective actions and improvements. a. Each facility or group of facilities with common facility-level ERO positions (e.g., a technical area) with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert must conduct a facility exercise annually. Other facilities, which can only reach an Operational Emergency classified as an Alert, must conduct a facility exercise every two years. The exercise must test the proficiency of facility-level ERO personnel in accomplishing facility-specific emergency response duties and responsibilities using procedures; interfaces; job aids and resources; equipment for response, protection and communication; and computer applications through practical, "hands-on" activities. The scope and level of participation of the facility exercise, including participation of selected site-level response resources (e.g., fire, hazardous material, medical), is not intended to be comparable to the annual site exercise. Participation of facility-level ERO positions in the annual site exercise satisfies this facility exercise requirement. b. A site exercise designed to test the integrated emergency response capabilities of facility and site-level ERO positions and resources must be conducted annually and must include both facility and site-level evaluation and critique. For multiple- facility sites, the basis for the annual site exercise must be rotated among facilities or groups of facilities (e.g., technical area). c. Full-participation exercises are site exercises that involve the participation of offsite response organizations. The following standards apply. (1) If a site has no facilities with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, no full-participation exercises are required. (2) If a site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, the site must conduct a full-participation exercise at least once every 2 years by inviting offsite organizations to participate and accommodating those that choose to participate. (3) The site must conduct a full-participation exercise as part of a DOE Operational Readiness Review (ORR). This exercise is required only when (a) the site has identified potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert for the facility or activity that is the subject of the ORR and (b) the ORR is part of the authorization process to gain startup or restart approval from the Secretary of Energy (or designee) or the cognizant Secretarial Officer. This authorization authority is associated with a new hazardous operation or restarting an operation that was shut down for safety concerns (see DOE O 425.1B, Startup and Restart of Nuclear Facilities, dated 12-21-00). (4) A full-participation exercise associated with an ORR fulfills the biennial site requirement for a full participation exercise (see paragraph 4c(2), above). (5) For multiple-facility sites, the basis for the full-participation exercise must be rotated among those facilities or groups of facilities with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert. d. Site exercise packages must be provided to appropriate DOE or NNSA line management organizations and the DOE Director of Emergency Operations for review 45 or more days prior to the exercise. e. A site exercise program must include periodic participation by appropriate DOE or NNSA radiological emergency response assets if a facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert which involves radioactive materials. Asset participation in these exercises must be (1) invited at least once every 5 years and (2) drawn from the Accident Response Group (ARG), Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST), Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC), Aerial Measuring System (AMS), National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC), Radiation Emergency assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), and Radiological Assistance Program (RAP). f. An actual emergency event may satisfy an exercise requirement for a facility or site with the concurrence of appropriate DOE or NNSA line management organizations and the DOE Director of Emergency Operations. g. A critique process must be established to gather and document observations of the participants. h. A DOE or NNSA organization responsible for evaluating an exercise must determine whether the contractor exercise objectives were accomplished satisfactorily. Failed DOE or NNSA contractor objectives (i.e., "Deficiencies") must be re-evaluated within 90 days during a drill or through selected functional tests. A DOE or NNSA evaluating organization may elect to assign a failing grade to an exercise if the contractor has not demonstrated an ability to protect the health and safety of the public and onsite personnel. i. Corrective action plans must be developed and submitted for approval (See DOE O 414.1A Chg 1, Quality Assurance, dated 7-12-01). Corrective actions identified as a result of evaluation findings must be incorporated into the emergency management program. 5. READINESS ASSURANCE. A Readiness Assurance program must provide a framework and associated mechanisms to assure that emergency plans, implementing procedures, and resources are adequate and sufficiently maintained, exercised, and evaluated (including assessment and appraisal) and that appropriate, timely improvements are made in response to needs identified through coordinated and comprehensive emergency planning, resource allocation, training and drills, exercises, and evaluations. a. Tracking System. A system to track and verify correction of findings from program and exercise evaluations, or from actual responses, must be developed, established, and maintained. Evaluation findings must be acknowledged by the evaluated program within 90 days of receipt of findings and must include corresponding plans for corrections. b. Other Readiness Assurance Programs. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in other DOE Director of Emergency Operations readiness assurance programs developed and maintained to monitor, demonstrate, or track performance of activities, functions, or components of emergency management programs. (1) Metrics. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in a program of performance measures and/or metrics to capture and track objective data regarding the performance of emergency management programs in key functional areas. (2) No-Notice Exercises. Contractor facilities/sites must participate in a program of No-Notice Exercises, conducted by the DOE Director of Emergency Operations, to determine if the facility/site ERO accomplishes one or more selected objectives according to applicable plans, procedures, and/or other established requirements. Facility/site involvement will be limited to providing trusted agents and responding when the exercise is conducted. 6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO). Each facility/site must establish and maintain a structured organization with overall responsibility for initial and ongoing emergency response and mitigation. The ERO must establish effective control at the event/incident scene and integrate local agencies and organizations providing onsite response services. An adequate number of experienced and trained primary and alternate response personnel must be available on demand for timely and effective performance of ERO functions. a. Personnel needed to perform emergency-related duties during a response to any of the broad range of Operational Emergencies must be considered members of the ERO. b. Fully trained personnel must be assigned to facility and site-level ERO positions to ensure adequate staffing for emergency response. For sites (or facilities) with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, three fully trained personnel must be assigned to each ERO position to ensure reliable activation and effective, continuous response staffing during an extended event. c. All personnel assigned to facility or site-level ERO positions must demonstrate proficiency in their assigned positions through participation in an exercise, an evaluated drill, or an actual emergency response at least once every two years. This participation may be accomplished on a rotating basis by all primary and alternate personnel. d. A contractor emergency director must be in charge of the overall response. e. An incident commander must be in charge at the event scene and use Incident Management System/Incident Command System (IMS/ICS) principles to coordinate and direct the emergency response. The contractor must adopt the IMS/ICS that is used by local, State, or regional agencies that provide assistance to the DOE site. In the absence of a locally designated IMS/ICS, National Fire Protection Association Standard 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, must be used to establish the IMS/ICS for DOE facilities. The specific IMS/ICS used must be identified in the emergency plan and memorandum of understanding/agreement. f. An individual trained to recognize, categorize, and classify events and to conduct appropriate notifications must be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This individual's authority must be unambiguous and clearly communicated throughout the organization. g. For facilities/sites with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, an individual must be assigned liaison responsibilities for coordinating with offsite agencies to ensure that effective communications are initiated and maintained during an emergency. h. For facilities/sites with potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert and which involve radioactive materials, an individual must be assigned liaison responsibilities for coordinating logistics and ensuring that effective communications are initiated and maintained and that data is exchanged using units of measure consistent with that used by personnel representing DOE or NNSA assets (e.g., NARAC, FRMAC, AMS, RAP, REAC/TS, ARG, and/or NEST) involved in the response. 7. OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES. Effective interfaces must be established and maintained to ensure that emergency response activities are integrated and coordinated with the Federal, Tribal, State, and local agencies and organizations responsible for emergency response and protection of workers, the public, and the environment. a. Procedures must be in place and implemented with State, Tribal, and local agencies and organizations for communications about facility/site hazards, emergency plans, alert and notification methods, potential emergency consequences, protective actions, and provisions for coordinating the release of information about the emergency to the public. b. If a contractor facility has reached an agreement to provide mutual assistance to or receive assistance from offsite organizations, such agreements must be documented in a formal memorandum of agreement or memorandum of understanding. Such memoranda must be included in the emergency plan and must be reviewed annually. c. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, information must be shared and common solutions discussed during planning sessions with representatives from offsite emergency response agencies and organizations within the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). These discussions should address significant public health and safety issues (e.g., protective action considerations such as stockpiling stable iodine for possible distribution as a radio protective prophylaxis) in planning for response to emergency scenarios resulting from operation of the facility. 8. EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT. Facilities and equipment to support emergency response must be available, operable, and maintained. Specifically, an adequate, viable command center must be available as necessary and personnel protective equipment must be available and operable to meet the needs of the responders. a. A facility must be available for use as a command center by the emergency director and members of the ERO. b. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, provisions must be established for use of an alternate location if the primary command center is unavailable. c. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert which involves radioactive materials, provisions must be established to ensure operational compatibility between facility response capabilities and DOE or NNSA assets. 9. EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION. Major unplanned or nonroutine abnormal events or conditions involving or affecting DOE or NNSA facilities or activities by causing or having the potential to cause serious health and safety impacts onsite or offsite to workers or the public, serious detrimental effects on the environment, direct harm to people or the environment as a result of degradation of security or safeguards conditions, or release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, must be recognized promptly, categorized, and declared as Operational Emergencies. In addition to being categorized as Operational Emergencies, events involving the actual or potential airborne release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials from a facility or activity also require prompt and accurate classification based on health effect thresholds (for initiating protective actions) measured or estimated at specific receptor locations (i.e., facility and site boundaries, etc.) Predetermined conservative onsite protective actions and offsite protective action recommendations must be associated with the classification of these Operational Emergencies. a. An event or condition must be categorized as an Operational Emergency and, as required, classified as promptly as possible, not more than 15 minutes after event recognition/identification/discovery. b. Facility and site-specific criteria/means/indicators designed to recognize events and conditions as Operational Emergencies not involving onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials must be developed for the spectrum of emergency conditions identified in the Hazards Survey. c. Unless the original categorization was incorrect, events categorized as an emergency must not be downgraded (e.g., from Operational Emergency to Unusual Occurrence). An event determined to be an Operational Emergency must remain so until the emergency response is terminated. d. Facility and activity-specific Emergency Action Levels (EALs) must be developed for classifying the spectrum of potential Operational Emergencies involving significant onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials as identified by the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessments (EPHAs). e. EALs must be reviewed and tested regularly to ensure technical accuracy and ease of use by decision-makers. Techniques must be developed and readily available for the classification of events and conditions not covered explicitly by the EALs. f. Protective actions must be developed in concert with EALs to ensure that appropriate protective actions are identified for each EAL. g. In general, the classification (i.e., Alert, Site Area Emergency, General Emergency) should not be downgraded until termination of the emergency; however, emergency classification must be reviewed periodically to ensure that classification is commensurate with response activities. 10. NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS. Prompt, accurate, and effective initial emergency notifications must be made to workers and emergency response personnel/ organizations, including appropriate DOE or NNSA elements, and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations and authorities. Accurate and timely follow-up notifications must be made when conditions change or when the classification is upgraded or the emergency is terminated. Continuous, effective, and accurate communication among response components and/or organizations must be reliably maintained throughout an Operational Emergency. a. For Operational Emergencies, initial emergency notifications must be made to emergency response organizations and authorities, including DOE elements and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations. (1) For Operational Emergencies involving onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, and classified as Alert, Site Area Emergency, or General Emergency: (a) DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters Operations Centers and appropriate Tribal, State, and local response organizations must be notified as promptly as possible, but no later than 15 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and classified and (b) all other appropriate organizations and authorities must be notified no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and classified. (2) For Operational Emergencies not involving the onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials: (a) DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters Operations Centers must be notified as promptly as possible, but no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized and (b) all other appropriate organizations and authorities, including Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations, must be notified no later than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been categorized, or as established in mutual agreements. b. Effective communications between event scene responders, emergency managers, response facilities, and workers who have taken protective actions must be established. c. Emergency status updates/situation reports must be forwarded to the next-higher emergency management team (EMT) on a continuing basis until the emergency is terminated. d. All reports and media releases must be reviewed by an ADC or UCNI reviewing official before being released to uncleared personnel, entered into unclassified data bases, or transmitted using non-secure communications equipment. e. Following termination of emergency response, and in conjunction with submitting the final occurrence report (see DOE O 232.1A, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, dated 7-21-97) each activated EMT must submit a final report on the emergency response to the DOE Director of Emergency Operations. If the emergency was initiated by a security incident, the final report on the emergency will be submitted in conjunction with the final incident report (see DOE N 471.3, Reporting Incidents of Security Concern). f. Reporting requirements must be specified during recovery planning. 11. CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT. Estimates of onsite and offsite consequences of actual or potential releases of hazardous materials must be correctly computed and assessed in a timely manner throughout the emergency. Consequence assessments must be integrated with event classification and protective action decision-making, incorporate facility and field indications and measurements, and be coordinated with offsite agencies. a. A timely initial assessment of the actual or potential consequences of an emergency must be performed, and in-depth assessments of the consequences must be timely throughout the emergency. b. Accurate and timely consequence assessments must be made using exposure tables, plume modeling, and interpretation of field data to protect site workers, emergency teams, and the public. (1) If the facility has the potential for an Operational Emergency classified as a General Emergency, the facility/site must have connectivity to NARAC capabilities and procedures to use the NARAC capability effectively as part of real-time consequence assessment activities for the mode (primary, backup, corroborating) selected by the facility. (2) If the facility has the potential for an Operational Emergency classified as a Site Area Emergency, the facility/site must have procedures in place to activate or request NARAC capabilities and must be able to use those capabilities as part of real-time consequence assessment activities, in the event the consequence of the emergency reaches a General Emergency and the site consequence assessment capability is unavailable as a result of site emergencies or technical difficulties. (3) All DOE or NNSA facilities/sites that have access to NARAC or have procedures in place to activate or request NARAC capabilities must ensure that facility/site meteorological data and information on source terms for actual or potential releases of hazardous materials to the atmosphere can be made available to NARAC in a timely manner to facilitate real-time computations. c. If the facility/site has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than Alert, consequence assessments must be coordinated with Federal, Tribal, State, and local response organizations. 12. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY. Protective actions must be promptly and effectively implemented or recommended for implementation, as needed, to minimize the consequences of emergencies and to protect the health and safety of workers and the public. Protective actions that can be implemented individually, or in combination, to reduce exposures from a wide range of hazardous material types, include evacuation, sheltering, decontamination of people, medical care, ad hoc respiratory protection, control of access, shielding, radio protective prophylaxis (e.g. administration of stable iodine, chelating agents, or diuretics), control of foodstuffs and water, relocation, decontamination of land and equipment, and changes in livestock and agricultural practices. Protective actions must be reassessed throughout an emergency and modified as conditions change. Reentry activities must be planned, coordinated, and accomplished properly and safely. a. Protective action criteria used in decision-making must conform with DOE or NNSA-approved guidance applicable to the actual or potential release of hazardous materials to the environment. b. All emergency response activities, including search and rescue, mitigating response activities, field monitoring, and reentry must be planned and controlled. c. Initial protective actions for collocated facilities and workers must be predetermined and associated directly with related EALs. d. In the event of an emergency evacuation, facility personnel must be accounted for. (1) To support initial search and rescue activities, initial accounting for all personnel evacuated must be completed within 30 minutes after the evacuation began. The use of wardens for personnel sweeps, as described in the Appendix to 29 CFR 1910, Subpart E, Means of Egress, Appendix, paragraph 3, may be used to satisfy this requirement. (2) Accountability actions must be continued to support ongoing search and rescue activities following an emergency evacuation. e. Access to contaminated areas must be controlled. Personnel or equipment exiting contaminated areas must be decontaminated. f. Planning must address actions that may be taken to increase the effectiveness of protective actions (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning shutdown during sheltering). g. If the facility/activity has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, initial protective action recommendations for the offsite public must also be predetermined, associated with related EALs, and provided to appropriate State, Tribal, and/or local authorities. h. Reentry plans must include contingencies to ensure the safety of reentry personnel, such as planning for the rescue of reentry teams. Responders involved in reentry must receive hazards/safety briefings consistent with Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations before reentry. i. Title 10 CFR 835, Subpart N, provides requirements for radiological emergency exposure situations. The following radiological guidelines must apply to reentry or other rescue operations. Dose Limit, Whole Body Activity Performed Conditions 5 Rem All 10 Rem Protect Major Property Where lower dose limit not practicable 25 Rem Lifesaving or protection of large populations. Where lower dose limit not practicable >25 Rem Lifesaving or protection of large populations. Only on a voluntary basis to personnel fully aware of risks involved j. Methods must be in place for controlling, monitoring, and maintaining records of personnel exposures to hazardous materials. 13. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT. Medical support must be provided for workers contaminated by hazardous materials. Arrangements with offsite medical facilities to transport, accept, and treat contaminated, injured personnel must be documented. a. Contractor facilities must provide information and training on facility-specific hazardous materials and provide drill and exercise opportunities to onsite and offsite medical personnel in advance of emergencies. b. Following an emergency involving injured personnel who have been contaminated, exposure and contamination information must be sent with victims, and expert technical support must be provided to the receiving hospital(s). 14. EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION. Accurate, candid, and timely information must be provided to workers, the news media, and the public during an emergency to establish facts and avoid speculation. Emergency public information efforts must be coordinated with State, Tribal, and local governments, and be part of Federal emergency response plans as appropriate. Workers and the public must be informed of emergency plans and planned protective actions before emergencies. a. Contractors must provide accurate, candid, and timely information, consistent with requirements of the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act to ensure the health and safety of workers and the public during emergencies and to establish facts, avoid rumors and speculation, and be responsive to public concerns and information needs. b. Provisions must be in place for a facility information center to be established and to operate as the single source of information during an emergency. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a Joint Information Center (JIC) must be established to provide a single source of information. The JIC facility and equipment must be commensurate with public information needs. The JIC must be established, directed, and coordinated by a senior DOE or NNSA public affairs manager or alternate. JIC staff must include trained spokespersons with technical expertise related to the emergency. c. The emergency public information program must be integrated with facility emergency management program plans and procedures. The program must include provisions to inform workers and the public of facility or activity hazards, protective actions, and emergency response activities both on a routine basis and during an emergency. d. Emergency public information staff must include trained spokespersons to provide support in media interface. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a news writer and other trained personnel must provide support in media services, public inquiry, media inquiry, JIC management and administrative activities, and media monitoring. e. A press statement must be released as soon as possible. If the facility has potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, a press statement must be released by the responsible contractor or DOE or NNSA field office within 1 hour of the declaration of an Operational Emergency. f. In situations involving classified information, sufficient unclassified information must be provided to explain the emergency response and protective actions required for the health and safety of workers and the public. g. Public announcements that contain information that may present a security risk must be reviewed by an ADC or UCNI reviewing official before release. h. The Headquarters Director of the Office of Public Affairs and Director of Emergency Operations must be notified of all contractor emergency public information actions. These notifications must be made as soon as practicable but are not required prior to issuing the initial news release. All statements must be coordinated with DOE Headquarters thereafter. i. A public information officer must be assigned to a response team deployed offsite to provide mutual aid to a significant response. j. Each contractor facility must develop a plan to provide to the public information on facility hazards, emergency points of contact, protective actions, and emergency response activities. This information must be provided as activities, hazards, or expected actions change, but at least every year. If the facility does not have the potential for Operational Emergencies classified higher than an Alert, information must be provided every 2 years. 15. TERMINATION AND RECOVERY. An Operational Emergency can be terminated only after a predetermined set of criteria has been met and termination has been coordinated with offsite agencies. Recovery from a terminated Operational Emergency must involve communication and coordination with State, Tribal, local, and other Federal agencies; planning, management, and organization of the associated recovery activities; and ens uring the health and safety of workers and the public. a. Predetermined criteria for terminating emergencies must be established/ developed. b. Means must exist for estimating exposure to hazardous materials and for protecting workers and the general public from exposure during recovery activities. c. Recovery procedures must include dissemination of information to Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations regarding the emergency and possible relaxation of public protective actions, notifications associated with termination of an emergency, planning for decontamination, establishment of a recovery organization, development of reporting requirements, and establishment of criteria for resumption of normal operations. d. The contractor facility and the accident investigation team must coordinate or integrate their activities to facilitate orderly transition of responsibilities for the emergency scene (See DOE O 225.1A, Accident Investigation, dated 11-27-97).