Abollo, E. and S. Pascual (2002). An SEM study of Phocascaris cystophorae Berland, 1964 (Nematoda: Anisakidae), a parasite of the hooded seal Cystophora cristata. Systematic Parasitology 51(2): 155-158. ISSN: 0165-5752.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A1S9
Descriptors: parasitology, scanning electron microscopy, analytical method.
Acevedo, W.K., H. De La Cueva, F.M.D. Gulland, G.D. Aurioles, C.F. Arellano, and G.F. Suarez (2003). Evidence of Leptospira interrogans infection in California sea lion pups from the Gulf of California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 145-151. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: epidemiology, population studies, infection, Leptospira interrogans infection, bacterial disease, Kruskall Wallis test, mathematical and computer techniques, microagglutination test, laboratory techniques, polymerase chain reaction, genetic techniques, post hoc tukey test, serology, clinical techniques, diagnostic techniques, mortality, rookery.
Acevedo, W.K.A., C.F. Constantino, G.D. Aurioles, M.H.A. Rodriguez, and R.C.R. Godinez (1999). Hepatic carcinoma with spleen metastasis in a California sea lion from the Gulf of California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35(3): 565-568. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: sea lion, hepatic carcinoma, metastasis, spleen, tumor biology, neoplastic disease, Gulf of California.
Alito, A., M.I. Romano, F. Bigi, M. Zumarraga, and A. Cataldi (1999). Antigenic characterization of mycobacteria from South American wild seals. Veterinary Microbiology 68(3-4): 293-299. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: seals, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium, antigens, wild animals, strains, strain differences, genetic variation, antibodies, lysis, identification, Mycobacterium microti.
Arnbom, T. and S. Lundberg (1995). Notes on Lepas australis (Cirripedia, Lepadidae) recorded on the skin of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). Crustaceana (Leiden) 68(5): 655-658. ISSN: 0011-216X.
Descriptors: skin, southern elephant seal, integumentary system, physiology, distribution, phoresy, Lepas australis.
Aschfalk, A. and W. Muller (2001). Clostridium perfringens toxin types in hooded seals in the Greenland Sea, determined by PCR and ELISA. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 48(10): 765-769. ISSN: 0931-1793.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: seals, Clostridium perfringens, bacterial toxins, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, detection, incidence, feces, genes, pathogenesis, outbreaks, virulence.
Ayling, R.D., S. Moore, N.J. Davison, and R.A.J. Nicholas (2001). Isolation of mycoplasma species from the bite wounds of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups. Research in Veterinary Science 70(Suppl. A): 19. ISSN: 0034-5288.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: infection, mycoplasma infection, bacterial disease, seal bite wound, meeting abstract, grey seal, pups.
Notes: Meeting Information: 55th Annual Conference on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Research in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England, UK, April 09-12, 2001.
Barlough, J.E., E.S. Berry, D.E. Skilling, and A.W. Smith (1986). The marine calicivirus story. II. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 8(10): F7-F83. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601.C66
Descriptors: pigs, vesicular exanthema virus, calicivirus, disease transmission, seals, fish scrap, fish meal, contamination, zoonoses, USA, California.
Beck, C. and D.J. Forrester (1988). Helminths of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, with a discussion and summary of the parasites of sirenians. Journal of Parasitology 74(4): 628-637. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: manatees, helminths, helminthoses, diagnosis, Florida.
Beckmen, K.B., L.J. Lowenstine, J. Newman, J. Hill, K. Hanni, and J. Gerber (1997). Clinical and pathological characterization of northern elephant seal skin disease. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(3): 438-449. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: integumentary system, skin, disease, northern elephant seal, pathology, metabolism, toxicology, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, alopecia, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, DDT, hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, nitrogen, northern elephant seal skin disease, polychlorinated biphenyls, retinol, skin necrosis, squamous metaplasia, thyroxine, toxin, ulcerative dermatitis, urea, uric acid.
Bildt, M.W.G.v.d., B.E.E. Martina, E. Androukaki, E.J. Vedder, S. Kotomatas, A. Komnenou, B.A. Sidi, A.B. Jiddou, M.E.O. Barham, H.G.M. Niesters, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2000). Identification of morbilliviruses of probable cetacean origin in carcases of Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus). Veterinary Record 146(24): 691-694. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Monachus, morbillivirus, identification, isolation, characterization, carcasses, nucleotide sequences, phylogenetics, Greece, Mauritania.
Bildt, M.W.G.van de, B.E.E. Martina, B.A. Sidi, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2001). Morbillivirus infection in a bottlenosed dolphin and a Mediterranean monk seal from the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Veterinary Record 148(7): 210-211. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, phocidae, morbillivirus, viral diseases, nucleic acids, viral antigens, amino acid sequences, case reports, Mauritania, Monachus monachus.
Bowen, L., B.M. Aldridge, R. DeLong, S. Melin, E.L. Buckles, F. Gulland, L.J. Lowenstine, J.L. Stott, and M.L. Johnson (2005). An immunogenetic basis for the high prevalence of urogenital cancer in a free-ranging population of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Immunogenetics 56(11): 846-848. ISSN: 0093-7711.
NAL Call Number: QR184.I4
Descriptors: Zalophus californianus, nucleic acids, genotype, sea lions, neoplastic diseases, urogenital cancer, disease prevalence, immunogenetic basis, north Pacific, USA, MHC genotype, cancer susceptibility relationships.
Brudnjak, Z. (1995). Epizootije meu tuljanima i dupinima uzrokovane morbilivirusima. [Outbreaks of disease in seals and dolphins caused by morbilliviruses]. Veterinarska Stanica 26(3): 143-148. ISSN: 0350-7149.
Descriptors: morbillivirus, Phocidae, dolphins, seals, phocine distemper virus.
Calle, P.P., D.J. Seagars, C. McClave, D. Senne, C. House, and J.A. House (2002). Viral and bacterial serology of free-ranging Pacific walrus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(1): 93-100. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: infection, bacterial serology, viral serology, walrus, Pacific.
Chen, R., J.D. Neill, and B.V.V. Prasad (2003). Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of San Miguel sea lion virus: an animal calicivirus. Journal of Structural Biology 141(2): 143-148. ISSN: 1047-8477.
NAL Call Number: QH573.J68
Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, infection, methods and techniques, San Miguel sea lion virus infection, viral disease, x ray crystallography, crystallization, laboratory techniques, preliminary crystallographic analysis, crystallographic techniques, cell dimensions.
Collins, M.D., L. Hoyles, G. Foster, and E. Falsen (2004). Corynebacterium caspium sp. nov., from a Caspian seal (Phoca caspica). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(3): 925-928. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Descriptors: molecular genetics, biochemistry and molecular biophysics, systematics and taxonomy, bacterial genetics, bacterial taxonomy, growth temperature, phenotype, phylogeny, Caspian seal, Corynebacterium.
Collins, M.D., L. Hoyles, G. Foster, E. Falsen, and N. Weiss (2002). Arthrobacter nasiphocae sp. nov., from the common seal (Phoca vitulina). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52(2): 569-571. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Descriptors: systematics and taxonomy, chemical analysis, analytical method, comparative 16s RRNA gene, comparative 16S ribosomal RNA gene, analytical method, molecular genetics method, common seal, Phoca, gram positive, Arthrobacter.
Cordes, D.O. and P.J. O'Hara (1979). Diseases of captive marine mammals. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 27(7): 147-150.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Descriptors: diseases, marine mammals, captive, New Zealand.
Dailey, M.D., R.S. Demaree, and R.L. Critchfield (2002). Galactosomum stelleri sp. n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the northern sea-lion, Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776) (Carnivora: Otariidae). Comparative Parasitology 69(1): 58-61.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: parasitology, systematics and taxonomy, body shape, body size, geographic distribution, morphology, parasitism, Trematoda, northern sea lion, Oregon.
Dailey, M.D., M. Haulena, and J. Lawrence (2002). First report of a parasitic copepod (Pennella balaenopterae) infestation in a pinniped. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(1): 62-65. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: infection, parasitology, Arcanobacterium phocae infection, bacterial disease, Edwardsiella tarda infection, Enterococcus sp. infection, Escherichia coli infection, Pennella Balaenopterae infestation, parasitic disease, Proteus mirabilis infection, case study, pinniped.
Dailey, M.D., M.M. Kliks, and R.S. Demaree (2004). Heterophyopsis hawaiiensis n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi Matschie, 1905 (Carnivora: Phocidae). Comparative Parasitology 71(1): 9-12.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: systematics and taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, monk seal, Trematoda, parasites.
Danner, G.R., M.W. McGregor, R.L. Zarnke, and C.W. Olsen (1998). Serologic evidence of influenza virus infection in a ringed seal (Phoca hispida) from Alaska. Marine Mammal Science 14(2): 380-384. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: infection, influenza, respiratory system disease, viral disease, ringed seal, Alaska, serologic, evidence.
Dawson, C.E., L.L. Perrett, N.J. Davison, S. Quinney, and V. Simpson (2004). Brucella species infection in marine mammals off the Cornish coast. Veterinary Record 155(1): 32. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis, Cetacea microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, animals, wild microbiology, brucellosis blood, brucellosis epidemiology, brucellosis etiology, dolphins microbiology, porpoises microbiology, Scotland epidemiology.
Desch, C.E., M.D. Dailey, and P. Tuomi (2003). Description of a hair follicle mite (Acari: Demodecidae) parasitic in the earless seal family phocidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the harbor seal Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758. International Journal of Acarology 29(3): 231-235. ISSN: 0164-7954.
Descriptors: parasitology, systematics and taxonomy, hyperkeratosis, symptom, geographic distribution, life stages, morphology, parasitism, hair follicle mite, harbour seal.
Di Guardo, G., G. Marruchella, U. Agrimi, and S. Kennedy (2005). Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals: a brief overview. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52(2): 88-93. ISSN: 0931-184X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z5
Abstract: Since 1987, at least eight morbillivirus infection (MI) epidemics have caused mass mortality of several free-living pinniped and cetacean populations around the world. The responsible agents, all belonging to the genus Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae), have been characterized as either 'canine distemper virus' strains, infecting pinnipeds, or as three new morbilliviruses, namely 'phocid (phocine) distemper virus', 'porpoise morbillivirus' and 'dolphin morbillivirus'. The last two agents are currently gathered under the common denomination of 'cetacean morbillivirus'. At post-mortem examination, a commonly occurring macroscopic lesion is represented by more or less severe bilateral pneumonia, with consolidation, congestion and oedema of both lungs, which fail to collapse. Histologically, a non-suppurative broncho-interstitial pneumonia, characterized by type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and by formation of endobronchial, endobronchiolar and endoalveolar 'Warthin-Finkeldey type' syncytia, as well as a multifocal, non-suppurative encephalitis, associated with a severe and generalized lymphoid tissue depletion, are common pathological findings. Furthermore, eosinophilic viral inclusions are often detected, at both the intracytoplasmic and intranuclear level, within bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial, pulmonary syncytial, neuronal and other cell types. These inclusions, along with lymphoid and other cellular elements, are often found to be immunohistochemically positive for morbillivirus antigen. Among the still debated, or even controversial issues regarding MI in sea mammals, the one related to the origin of their causative agents is of particular concern. Another intriguing issue regards the synergistic effects, if any, associated with chronic exposure to a number of environmental pollutants, such as organochlorines and heavy metals. In fact, it is also unknown whether and how these chemicals contribute towards modulating the pathogenic and pathogenetic activity primarily displayed by sea mammal morbilliviruses.
Descriptors: mammalia, literature review, morbillivirus infections in aquatic taxa, viral diseases, morbillivirus infections, transmission of viruses, morbilliviruses, aquatic taxa, brief overview.
Dietz, R. and C.T. Ansen (1989). Clue to seal epizootic. Nature (London) 338(6217): 627. ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, epizootiology, distemper virus, dogs, antibodies, Greenland, Phoca hispida, Pagophilus groenlandicus.
Dubey, J.P., D.S. Lindsay, B.M. Rosenthal, and N.J. Thomas (2003). Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Parasitology 89(2): 397-399. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: infection, molecular genetics, biochemistry, molecular biophysics, parasitology, sea otter, systematics, taxonomy, Sarcocystis infection, infectious disease, parasitic disease, genetic sequencing, genetic techniques, laboratory techniques, phylogenetic analysis, mathematical and computer techniques, sarcocysts, ultrastructure.
Dubey, J.P., T.P. Lipscomb, and M. Mense (2004). Toxoplasmosis in an elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Parasitology 90(2): 410-411. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Mirounga, seals, toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, new host records, serodiagnosis, cysts developmental stages, histopathology, lesions animal, cerebrum, immunohistochemistry, polyclonal antibodies, tissue cysts.
Dubey, J.P., R. Zarnke, N.J. Thomas, S.K. Wong, W. Van Bonn, M. Briggs, J.W. Davis, R. Ewing, M. Mense, O.C.H. Kwok, S. Romand, and P. Thulliez (2003). Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 116(4): 275-296. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma gondii, mammalian hosts, Carnivora and Cetacea, marine taxa, north Atlantic and north Pacific, USA, prevalence.
Durymanova, A.A., S.K. Dimov, N. Kuznetsov, L.N. Khuraskin, S.I. Zolotykh, and A.M. Shestopalov (2004). Antibodies to Brucella in Caspian seals. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 6: 99-101. ISSN: 0372-9311.
Descriptors: Caspian seals, bacterial diseases, Brucella, host antibody presence, disease prevalence, indicator, immune response, antibodies, Caspian Sea, antibodies, prevalence, host antibody.
Elson Riggins, J.G., S.A. Riggins, F.M.D. Gulland, and E.G. Platzer (2004). Immunoglobulin responses of northern elephant and Pacific harbor seals naturally infected with Otostrongylus circumlitus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 466-475. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Otostrongylus circumlitus, mammalian hosts, northern elephant seals, Pacific harbour seals, host immunoglobulin responses, North Pacific, USA, California, immune responses.
Fauquier, D., F. Gulland, M. Haulena, M. Dailey, R.L. Rietcheck, and T.P. Lipscomb (2004). Meningoencephalitis in two stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) caused by aberrant trematode migration. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(4): 816-819. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Zalophotrema hepaticum, mammalian hosts, California sea lions, host, meningoencephalitis, aberrant trematode migration, north Pacific, USA, California, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, stranded, liver flukes, brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, trematode.
Fauquier, D., F. Gulland, M. Haulena, and T. Spraker (2003). Biliary adenocarcinoma in a stranded northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(3): 723-726. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: digestive system, tumor biology, adrenal gland metastasis, neoplastic disease, biliary adenocarcinoma, diagnosis, bilirubinemia, liver metastasis, spleen metastasis, blood and lymphatic disease, euthanasia, clinical techniques, histopathology, histology, cytology, laboratory techniques, laparoscopy, diagnostic techniques, adenocarcinoma, stranded, elephant seal.
Fenwick, S.G., P.J. Duignan, C.M. Nicol, M.J. Leyland, and J.E.B. Hunter (2004). A comparison of Salmonella serotypes isolated from New Zealand sea lions and feral pigs on the Auckland Islands by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 566-570. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Sus scrofa, feral pigs, bacterial diseases, pathogen, serotype comparisons, mammal, transmission, bacteria, Salmonella, New Zealand, Auckland Islands, bacterial pathogen serotype, comparisons with native mammal, gel electrophoresis.
Flewelling, L.J., J.P. Naar, J.P. Abbott, D.G. Baden, N.B. Barros, G.D. Bossart, M.Y. Bottein, D.G. Hammond, E.M. Haubold, C.A. Heil, M.S. Henry, H.M. Jacocks, T.A. Leighfield, R.H. Pierce, T.D. Pitchford, S.A. Rommel, P.S. Scott, K.A. Steidinger, E.W. Truby, F.M. Van Dolah, and J.H. Landsberg (2005). Brevetoxicosis: red tides and marine mammal mortalities. Nature (London) 435(7043): 755-6. ISSN: 1476-4687.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Abstract: Potent marine neurotoxins known as brevetoxins are produced by the 'red tide' dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. They kill large numbers of fish and cause illness in humans who ingest toxic filter-feeding shellfish or inhale toxic aerosols. The toxins are also suspected of having been involved in events in which many manatees and dolphins died, but this has usually not been verified owing to limited confirmation of toxin exposure, unexplained intoxication mechanisms and complicating pathologies. Here we show that fish and seagrass can accumulate high concentrations of brevetoxins and that these have acted as toxin vectors during recent deaths of dolphins and manatees, respectively. Our results challenge claims that the deleterious effects of a brevetoxin on fish (ichthyotoxicity) preclude its accumulation in live fish, and they reveal a new vector mechanism for brevetoxin spread through food webs that poses a threat to upper trophic levels.
Descriptors: dinoflagellida chemistry, food chain, mammals metabolism, marine biology, marine toxins analysis, oxocins analysis, dolphins metabolism, fishes metabolism, gastrointestinal contents chemistry, trichechus metabolism.
Forbes, L.B. (2000). The occurrence and ecology of Trichinella in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 93(3-4): 321-334. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: trichinella, host range, life cycle, marine mammals, Thalarctos maritimus, Odobenus rosmarus, seals, whales, trichinosis, disease prevalence, disease transmission, ecology, zoonoses, foodborne diseases, arctic regions, literature reviews, sylvatic cycle.
Notes: In the special issue: Trichinella and Trichinellosis edited by A.A. Gajadhar and H.R. Gamble.
Foster, G., B. Holmes, A.G. Steigerwalt, P.A. Lawson, P. Thorne, D.E. Byrer, H.M. Ross, J. Xerry, P.M. Thompson, and M.D. Collins (2004). Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., isolated from marine mammals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(6): 2369-73. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on four Campylobacter-like organisms recovered from three seals and a porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the organisms represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Campylobacter, associated with a subcluster containing Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the bacteria belonged to a single species, for which the name Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is NCTC 12927(T) (=CCUG 48653(T)).
Descriptors: campylobacter classification, campylobacter isolation and purification, feces microbiology, phoca microbiology, porpoises microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, campylobacter genetics, campylobacter physiology, DNA fingerprinting, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial isolation and purification, ribosomal chemistry, ribosomal isolation and purification, genes, RRNA genetics, molecular sequence data, nucleic acid hybridization, phylogeny, RNA, bacterial genetics, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Notes: Erratum In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2005 Mar;55 (Pt. 2):981.
Foster, G., K.L. Jahans, R.J. Reid, and H.M. Ross (1996). Isolation of Brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. Veterinary Record 138(24): 583-586. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Cetacea, phocidae, lutra, brucella, isolation, animal tissues, incidence, geographical distribution, culture media, carbon dioxide, Scotland, England, Lutra lutra.
Foster, G., A.P. MacMillan, J. Godfroid, F. Howie, H.M. Ross, A. Cloeckaert, R.J. Reid, S. Brew, and I.A.P. Patterson (2002). A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland. Veterinary Microbiology 90(1-4): 563-580. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, brucella, infections, strains, phenotypes, carbon dioxide, growth, culture media, metabolism, galactose, new species, descriptions, literature reviews, Scotland, brucella Cetaceae, Brucella Pinnipediae.
Notes: In the special issue: Brucellosis edited by S.M. Halling and S.M. Boyle.
Frasca Jr., S., H.J. Van Kruiningen, J.L. Dunn, and D.J. St. Aubin (2000). Gastric intramural hematoma and hemoperitoneum in a captive northern fur seal. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36(3): 565-569. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: digestive system, veterinary medicine, gastric intramural hematoma, blood, lymphatic, disease, hemoperitoneum, fur seal, gross necropsy, diagnostic method, mortality, case study, Mystic Aquarium.
Gajadhar, A.A., L. Measures, L.B. Forbes, C. Kapel, and J.P. Dubey (2004). Experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Journal of Parasitology 90(2): 255-259. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Halichoerus grypus, seals, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, infection, oocysts, seroprevalence, antibody formation, animal behavior, dose response, disease transmission, cats, experimental infection.
Ganova, R.L., A.W. Smith, H. Fields, and Y. Khudyakov (2004). New calicivirus isolated from walrus. Virus Research 102(2): 207-213. ISSN: 0168-1702.
Descriptors: infection, molecular genetics, morphology, walrus, calcivirus, isolate, cell culture, culturing techniques, viral families, viral genetics, virus research.
Gaskell, R. and K. Willoughby (1999). Herpesviruses of carnivores. Veterinary Microbiology 69(1-2): 73-88. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: carnivores, feline herpesvirus, canine herpesvirus, phocidae, herpesviridae, phylogenetics, wild animals, host range, cats, dogs, seals, shedding, disease transmission, latent infections, polymerase chain reaction, glycoproteins, molecular genetics, regulatory sequences, genes, literature reviews.
Notes: In the special issue: Virology of Carnivores edited by M.C. Horzinek, H.F. Egberink, and M. Ackermann. Meeting Information: Paper presented at a meeting held May 13-15, 1998, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
George, N.M. and X. Urrutia (2000). Pseudoterranova cattani sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae), a parasite of the South American sea lion Otaria byronia de Blainville from Chile. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 73(1): 93-98. ISSN: 0716-078X.
Descriptors: parasitology, systematics, taxonomy, body size, geographic distribution, morphology, sea lion, Otaria, Chile.
Geraci, J.R. (1981). Dietary disorders in marine mammals: synthesis and new findings. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 179(11): 1183-91. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: deficiency diseases, dolphins, Pinnipedia, seals, earless, anemia, animal feed standards, ascorbic acid metabolism, ascorbic acid deficiency, fishes, poisonous, histamine poisoning, hyponatremia diagnosis, hyponatremia therapy, hyponatremia, lactose intolerance, thiamine deficiency prevention and control, thiamine deficiency, vitamin E deficiency diagnosis, vitamin E deficiency prevention and control, vitamin E deficiency.
Goldman, C.G., J.D. Loureiro, V. Quse, D. Corach, E. Calderon, R.A. Caro, J. Boccio, S.R. Heredia, M.B. Di Carlo, and M.B. Zubillaga (2002). Evidence of Helicobacter sp. in dental plaque of captive dolphins (Tursiops gephyreus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 644-648. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Tursiops gephyreus, buccal region, bacterial diseases, helicobacter, prevalence in dental plaque, Argentina, San Clemente del Tuyu, Mundo Marino Oceanarium, bacteria prevalence in dental plaque, health implications.
Grahev, M.A., V.P. Kumarev, L.V. Mamaev, V.L. Zorin, L.V. Baranova, N.N. Denikina, S.I. Belikov, and E.A. Petro (1989). Distemper virus in Baikal seals. Nature (London) 338(6212): 209-210. ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, distemper virus, symptoms, diagnosis, histopathology, disease transmission, USSR, Phoca sibirica.
Green, E.D. and M.L. Turner (2004). Functional micromorphology of the elephant seal louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini. Microscopy Society of Southern Africa Proceedings 34: 74. ISSN: 1028-3455.
Descriptors: elephant seal, louse, general morphology, functional micromorphology, parasite.
Gruber, A.D., M. Peters, A. Knieriem, and P. Wohlsein (2002). Atherosclerosis with multifocal myocardial infarction in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens illiger). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(2): 139-144. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, vascular disease, cardiac failure, heart disease, myocardial infarction, Pacific walrus, mortality, case study.
Gulland, F.M.D., M. Haulena, D. Fauquier, G. Langlois, M.E. Lander, T. Zabka, and R. Duerr (2002). Domoic acid toxicity in Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus): clinical signs, treatment and survival. Veterinary Record 150(15): 475-480. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: sea lions, Zalophus californianus, algae, toxins, clinical aspects, treatment, survival, mortality, California, Pseudonitzschia australis, toxic algal blooms.
Haas, L. and T. Barrett (1996). Rinderpest and other animal morbillivirus infections: comparative aspects and recent developments. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 43(7): 411-420. ISSN: 0931-1793.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, goats, carnivora, seals, dolphins, morbillivirus, distemper virus, rinderpest, epidemiology, immunological techniques, bovidae, bovinae, caprinae, carnivora, Cetacea, domestic animals, infectious diseases, livestock, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, ruminants, useful animals, viroses, viruses, b, d, f, k, h, 3300, polymerasekettenreaktion.
Language of Text: English summary.
Hall, A.J. (1995). Morbilliviruses in marine mammals. Trends in Microbiology 3(1): 4-9.
NAL Call Number: QR1.T74
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, aquatic mammals, dolphins, seals, epidemiology, diagnosis, antigens, antibodies, disease transmission, distemper virus, morbillivirus, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, carnivora, Cetacea, immunological factors, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, pathogenesis, Pinnipedia, viruses, marine mammals, phocine distemper virus.
Harder, R. (1994). Robben, Wale und feline Viren. [Seals, whales and feline viruses]. Kleintierpraxis 39(10): 707. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: seals, whales, herpetoviridae, morbillivirus, distemper virus, cats, research, caliciviridae, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de focas, ballenas y felinos. [Seals, whales, and feline viruses]. Medicina Veterinaria 11(10): 576. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Descriptors: whales, seals, felidae, animal viruses, viroses, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, infectious diseases, mammals, Pinnipedia.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de phoque, de dauphin et de chat. [Seals, dolphins and feline viruses]. Annales De Medecine Veterinaire 138(1): 65. ISSN: 0003-4118.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AN78
Descriptors: seals, dolphins, cats, dogs, morbillivirus, caliciviridae, viroses, animal viruses, symptoms, immunological techniques, canidae, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, infectious diseases, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harding, K.C., T. Harkonen, and H. Caswell (2002). The 2002 European seal plague: epidemiology and population consequences. Ecology Letters 5(6): 727-732. ISSN: 1461-023X.
NAL Call Number: QH540.E262
Descriptors: epidemiology, population studies, infection, phocine distemper virus, infectious disease, viral disease, seal plague, disease immunity, epizootic data, extinction risk, infection probability, mortality rates, outbreak epidemiological data, population growth, recurrent epizootics.
Harper, C.G., S. Xu, A.B. Rogers, Y. Feng, Z. Shen, N.S. Taylor, F.E. Dewhirst, B.J. Paster, M. Miller, J. Hurley, and J.G. Fox (2003). Isolation and characterization of novel Helicobacter spp. from the gastric mucosa of harp seals Phoca groenlandica. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57(1-2): 1-9. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: harp seal, bacterial diseases, Helicobacter, north Atlantic, USA, Massachusetts, novel bacterium isolation, characterization, gastric mucosa, gastritis.
Hauksson, E. and D. Olafsdottir (1995). Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus Fabr.), population biology, food and feeding habits, and importance as a final host for the life-cycle of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens Krabbe) in Icelandic waters. In: Developments in Marine Biology; Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.: Amsterdam, Netherlands; New York, New York, USA, p. 565-572. ISBN: 0444820701.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: population biology, nutrition, feeding habits, food, parasitology, physiology, wildlife management, life cycle, diet, disease host, grey seal, meeting paper, host.
Notes: Meeting Information: International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway, November 29-December 1, 1994.
Haulena, M., E. Buckles, F.M.D. Gulland, J.A. Lawrence, A. Wong, S. Jang, M.M. Christopher, and L.J. Lowenstine (2002). Systemic mycosis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in a stranded northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) undergoing rehabilitation. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(2): 166-171. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: infection, hypochloremia, metabolic disease, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, elephant seal, pup, hypophosphatemia, systemic mycosis, fungal disease, mortality, rehabilitation, stranding.
Hicks, C.L., R. Kinoshita, and P.W. Ladds (2000). Pathology of melioidosis in captive marine mammals. Australian Veterinary Journal 78(3): 193-5. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: dolphins, melioidosis, seals, earless, Burkholderia pseudomallei isolation and purification, death, sudden, Japan epidemiology, liver microbiology, liver pathology, lung pathology, melioidosis mortality, melioidosis pathology, spleen pathology, Taiwan epidemiology.
Hill, B.D., I.R. Fraser, and H.C. Prior (1997). Cryptosporidium infection in a dugong (Dugong dugon). Australian Veterinary Journal 75(9): 670-671. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Dugong dugon, Cryptosporidium, cryptosporidiosis, small intestine, histopathology, symptoms, case reports, Queensland.
Hoffman, V., T.J. Nolan, and R. Schoelkopf (2004). First report of the giant kidney worm (Dioctophyme renale) in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Parasitology 90(3): 659-660. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: harbour seal, parasitology, parasitic infection, parasitic disease, necropsy findings, stranding, giant kidney worm.
Holshuh, H.J., A.E. Sherrod, C.R. Taylor, B.F. Andrews, and E.B. Howard (1985). Toxoplasmosis in a feral northern fur seal. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187(11): 1229-1230. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AM3
Descriptors: seals, Toxoplasma gondii, immunoenzyme techniques, serological diagnosis, California, Callorhinus ursinus.
Honma, Y., T. Ushiki, J. Hitomi, and M. Takeda (2001). Example of an adenocarcinoma developed in the gastric lymph nodes of a harbor seal Phoca largha. Fisheries Science (Tokyo) 67(3): 470-473. ISSN: 0919-9268.
NAL Call Number: SH1.F8195
Descriptors: digestive system, tumor biology, gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, harbour seal, neoplastic disease, necropsy, case study, gastric lymph nodes.
Howard, E.B., J.O. Britt Jr. and G. Matsumoto (1983). Parasitic diseases. In: Edwin B. Howard (Editor), Pathobiology of Marine Mammal Diseases, CRC Press: Boca Raton, Fla, p. 119-232.
NAL Call Number: SF997.5.M35P37
Abstract: Pathobiology of parasitic diseases of marine mammals (primarily common dolphin, sea lion, harbor seal, and elephant seal), generalized life cycles of helminths, illustrations, extensive review.
Descriptors: pathology, life cycle, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Protozoa , lice, Arthropoda, mites.
Hoyles, L., P.A. Lawson, G. Foster, E. Falsen, M. Ohlen, J.M. Grainger, and M.D. Collins (2000). Vagococcus fessus sp. nov., isolated from a seal and a harbour porpoise. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50(3): 1151-4. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two strains of an unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from a dead seal and a harbour porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the unknown bacterium represents a new subline within the genus Vagococcus close to, but distinct from, Vagococcus fluvialis, Vagococcus lutrae and Vagococcus salmoninarum. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the three currently recognized Vagococcus species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species, Vagococcus fessus. The type strain of Vagococcus fessus is CCUG 41755T.
Descriptors: gram positive cocci classification, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, catalase metabolism, genes, rrna, gram positive cocci genetics, gram positive cocci isolation and purification, molecular sequence data, phenotype, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, dna.
Hoyles, L., C. Pascual, E. Falsen, G. Foster, J.M. Grainger, and M.D. Collins (2001). Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov., from marine mammals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51(1): 151-6. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from samples taken from two dead seals and a porpoise. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated the strains were phenotypically similar to each other but different from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the organisms from marine animals were genetically closely related and represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces (sequence divergence values > 6% with recognized species). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from the seals and a porpoise should be classified as Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 41710T.
Descriptors: actinomyces classification, actinomycosis, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, actinomyces chemistry, actinomyces genetics, actinomyces isolation and purification, actinomycosis microbiology, bacterial proteins analysis, bacterial typing techniques, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial genetics, genes, rrna, molecular sequence data, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Ito, M., T. Sato, W. Shirai, and S. Kikuchi (1998). Parasites and related pathological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of a seal (Phoka vitulina Linnaeus). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 60(9): 1025-1028. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: parasitology, gastrointestinal parasite infection, digestive system disease, parasitic disease, seal, stomach, colon, small intestine, pathology.
Ito, T., Y. Kawaoka, A. Nomura, and K. Otsuki (1999). Receptor specificity of influenza A viruses from sea mammals correlates with lung sialyloligosaccharides in these animals. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 61(8): 955-958. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: whales, seals, influenzavirus, lungs, oligosaccharides, hemagglutination tests, agglutination tests, body parts, carbohydrates, carnivora, Cetacea, immunological techniques, mammals, orthomyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, respiratory system, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Jauniaux, T. and F. Coignoul (2001). Pathologie des infections par les morbillivirus chez les mammiferes marins. [Pathology of morbillivirus infections in marine mammals]. Annales De Medecine Veterinaire 145(2): 76-96. ISSN: 0003-4118.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AN78
Abstract: Morbillivirus infections were described since 1988 in marine mammals including pinnipeds and cetaceans. Since, numerous outbreaks, responsible for thousands marine mammals death, as well as sporadic cases, have occurred in various populations from North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Baikal Lake, Caspian Sea, and recently from northern Pacific. Clinical signs and macroscopic lesions are similar between species infected by morbillivirus and are close to those reported in dog with canine distemper. Under microscope, characteristic lesions are interstitial bronchopneumonia, lymphoid depletion and subacute encephalitis. Syncytia and inclusion bodies are frequently observed in lesions and epithelia. Lymphoid depletion promotes secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens, responsible in many cases of the animals death. Various parameters explain the high sensibility of certain population such as the species, the naive immunological status and vectors intervention for the disease.
Descriptors: aquatic mammals, morbillivirus, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenicity, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, biological properties, microbial properties, Paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Jensen, A.E., N.F. Cheville, C.O. Thoen, A.P. MacMillan, and W.G. Miller (1999). Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 11(2): 152-157. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: seals, phocoenidae, dolphins, brucella, DNA fingerprinting, pulsed field electrophoresis, strains, vaccines, species differences, relationships.
Jepson, P.D., S. Brew, A.P. MacMillan, J.R. Baker, J. Barnett, J.K. Kirkwood, T. Kuiken, I.R. Robinson, and V.R. Simpson (1997). Antibodies to Brucella in marine mammals around the coast of England and Wales. Veterinary Record 141(20): 513-515.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: England, Wales, aquatic mammals, antibodies, brucella, elisa, disease surveys, dolphins, whales, Cetacea, seals, immunology, surveys, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, bacteria, British Isles, carnivora, Europe, Great Britain, immunoenzyme techniques, immunological factors, immunological techniques, Pinnipedia, surveys, United Kingdom, Western Europe, marine mammals, phocoenidae, serological surveys.
Johnson, S.P., S. Jang, F.M. Gulland, M.A. Miller, D.R. Casper, J. Lawrence, and J. Herrera (2003). Characterization and clinical manifestations of Arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine mammals stranded along the central California coast. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 136-44. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Between 1994 and 2000, 141 Arcanobacterium phocae isolates were recovered from marine mammals that stranded along the central California coast (USA). Arcanobacterium phocae was cultured from tissue sites with abnormal discharge or evidence of inflammation in 66 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 50 Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii), 19 northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), five southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis), and one common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). The overall prevalence of A. phocae among cultured stranded marine mammals was 8%. This is the first report of A. phocae in animals from the Pacific Ocean. Sequence analysis of a portion of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene confirmed recent isolates as A. phocae. Prior to phylogenetic testing and the routine use of the esculin hydrolysis and motility tests, A. phocae isolates may have been misidentified as Listeria ivanovii. Arcanobacterium phocae was commonly isolated from superficial abscesses, was often present in mixed infections, and was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested.
Descriptors: actinomy, Cetaceae isolation and purification, actinomycetales infections, dolphins, otters, seals, earless, abscess microbiology, abscess, actinomy Cetaceae classification, actinomy Cetaceae drug effects, actinomycetales infections epidemiology, actinomycetales infections pathology, anti bacterial agents pharmacology, base sequence, California epidemiology, gene amplification, microbial sensitivity tests, phylogeny, prevalence, rna, ribosomal, 16s chemistry, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, retrospective studies, sequence homology, nucleic acid.
Kapel, C.M.O., L. Measures, L.N. Moller, L. Forbes, and A. Gajadhar (2003). Experimental Trichinella infection in seals. International Journal for Parasitology 33(13): 1463-1470. ISSN: 0020-7519.
NAL Call Number: QH547.I55
Descriptors: Trichinella nativa, parasite, temperature relationships, seals, pinnipeds, infection, mammalian hosts, Halichoerus grypus, host parasite relations, cold tolerance in host muscles, experimental infection, temperature, cold tolerance.
Kennedy, S. (1998). Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. Journal of Comparative Pathology 119(3): 201-225.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: morbillivirus, wild animals, seals, dolphins, Cetacea, pathology, epidemiology, immune response, pathogenesis, phocidae.
Kennedy, S. (1990). A review of the 1988 European seal morbillivirus epizootic. Veterinary Record 127(23): 563-567.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops, seats, viroses, distemper virus, Phocoena, Europe, wild animals, animals, Cetacea, dolphins, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, vehicle systems, viruses, wildlife.
Kennedy, S., J.A. Smyth, P.F. Cush, S.J. McCullough, G.M. Allan, and S. McQuaid (1989). Transatlantic spread of seal virus. Nature (London) 337(6209): 695.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, morbillivirus, viroses, disease transmission, Atlantic Ocean, dolphins, porpoises, wild animals, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, diseases, epidemiology, fur bearing animals, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP group b 64, ISSCAAP groups of species, living resources, mammals, marine areas, natural resources, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, resources, vertebrates, viruses, wildlife, phocidae.
Kennedy, S., T.P. Lipscomb and F.Y. Schulman (2002). Immunohistochemistry of morbillivirus infections in seals, harbor porpoises, and bottlenose dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 178-185. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, Cetacea, Tursiops truncatus, Phocoena phocoena, viral diseases, morbillivirus, infections immunohistochemistry review.
Kikuchi, S. and Y. Okuyama (1987). A lung mite, Orthohalarachne attenuata (Acarina: Halarachnidae) from the nasal cavity of a northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Eisei Dobutsu [Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology] 38(2): 85-91. ISSN: 0424-7086.
NAL Call Number: QL99.E3
Descriptors: seals, Acari, morphology, Japan.
Kim, B.H., J.H. Kim, M.J. Yoo, and D.Y. Kim (2002). Lymphosarcoma in a sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 616-617. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: blood and lymphatics, tumor biology, lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, sea otter, neoplastic disease, gross microscopy, diagnostic techniques, lymph node, light microscopy, thymus, clinical techniques, imaging and microscopy techniques, laboratory techniques.
Kim, J.H., J.K. Lee, H.S. Yoo, N.R. Shin, N.S. Shin, K.H. Lee, and D.Y. Kim (2002). Endocarditis associated with Escherichia coli in a sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14(3): 260-262. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: sea lions, Zalophus californianus, Escherichia coli, bacterial endocarditis, heart valves, kidneys, case reports.
Klinowska, M. (1989). Transatlantic spread of seal virus. Nature (London) 337(6209): 695.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, morbillivirus, viroses, disease transmission, Atlantic Ocean, dolphins, porpoises, wild animals, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, diseases, epidemiology, fur bearing animals, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP group b 64, ISSCAAP groups of species, living resources, mammals, marine areas, natural resources, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, resources, vertebrates, viruses, wildlife, phocidae.
Kreuder, C., M.A. Miller, D.A. Jessup, L.J. Lowenstine, M.D. Harris, J.A. Ames, T.E. Carpenter, P.A. Conrad, and J.A.K. Mazet (2003). Patterns of mortality in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris Nereis) from 1998-2001. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(3): 495-509. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: sea otters, parasites, diseases, disorders, mortality, shark attack, North Pacific, California, postmortem survey, patterns.
Krovacek, K., K. Huang, S. Sternberg, and S.B. Svenson (1998). Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia in a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) from the Baltic Sea: a case study. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 21(1): 43-49. ISSN: 0147-9571.
NAL Call Number: QR180.C62
Descriptors: infection, septicemia, grey seal, bacterial disease, polymerase chain reaction, PCR, analytical method, Baltic Sea, case study, pathogen, lung, spleen.
Kuttin, E.S., I. Glas, and A. Nyska (1995). Urothelial carcinoma with metastases associated with priapism in a sea-lion. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 50(3-4): 163-165. ISSN: 0334-9152.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R25
Descriptors: reproductive system, tumor biology, urinary system, sea lion, carcinoma, squamous cells, adenocarinoma, urethra, prostate, liver, kidney, priapism, case study, treatment.
Lambourn, D.M., S.J. Jeffries, and J.P. Dubey (2001). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Southern Puget Sound, Washington. Journal of Parasitology 87(5): 1196-1197. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, Phoca vitulina, seroprevalence, antibodies, seals, marine mammals, Washington.
Lapointe, J.M., P.J. Duignan, B.C. Barr, A.K. Petrich, D.W. MacPherson, F.M. Gulland, and J.P. Dubey (2003). Meningoencephalitis associated with an unidentified apicomplexan protozoan in a Pacific harbor seal. Journal of Parasitology 89(4): 859-862. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: infection, parasitology, pathology, cystitis, harbour seal, urologic disease, meningoencephalitis, nervous system disease, renal pyelitis, urologic disease, protozoan, thymic cyst, parasitism, ultrastructure.
Lawson, P.A., G. Foster, E. Falsen, and M.D. Collins (2005). Streptococcus marimammalium sp. nov., isolated from seals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55(1): 271-274. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Descriptors: Halichoerus grypus, Phoca vitulina, bacterial diseases, grey seal, harbour seal, Streptococcus marimammalium, new pathogen species, north Atlantic, United Kingdom, Scotland, new bacterial pathogen species, seals.
Lawson, P.A., G. Foster, E. Falsen, N. Davison, and M.D. Collins (2004). Streptococcus halichoeri sp. nov., isolated from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(5): 1753-1756. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Descriptors: Halichoerus grypus, grey seal, bacterial diseases, Streptococcus halichoeri, new disease species, disease phylogeny, north Atlantic, United Kingdom, England.
Lindsay, D.S., N.J. Thomas, A.C. Rosypal, and J.P. Dubey (2001). Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection in a northern sea otter from Washington State, USA. Veterinary Parasitology 97(4): 319-327. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: nervous system, parasitology, Sarcocystis neurona infection, parasitic disease, Toxoplasma gondii infection, encephalitis, nervous system disease, diagnostic method, sea otter, mortality, case study.
Liskins, N. (2002). Dissection results of dead seals perished in fishing gear in the Gulf of Riga. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 12(4): 369-371. ISSN: 1392-1657.
NAL Call Number: QP298.L8A28
Descriptors: Contracaecum osculatum, Corinosoma semerme, Corinosoma strumosum, dead seals, hosts, Halichoerus grypus, necropsy, dissection, prevalence in individuals found dead in fishing gear, Baltic Sea, Gulf of Riga, parasites.
Lonergan, M. and J. Harwood (2003). The potential effects of repeated outbreaks of phocine distemper among harbour seals: A response to Harding et al. (2002). Ecology Letters 6(10): 889-893. ISSN: 1461-023X.
NAL Call Number: QH540.E262
Descriptors: harbour seals, viral diseases, phocine distempter virus, repeated outbreaks, Baltic Sea, North Sea, immune response, population dynamics, Kattegat, repeated viral disease outbreaks, long term effects, immunity, population dynamics, critique.
Lu, Y., A.A. Aguirre, Y. Wang, L. Zeng, P.C. Loh, and R. Yanagihara (2003). Viral susceptibility of newly established cell lines from the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57(3): 183-191. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: Ten of 11 cell lines, recently established from the snout (MS-SN), periorbital soft tissue (MS-EY), liver (MS-LV), kidney (MS-KD), lung (MS-LG), spleen (MS-SP), heart (MS-HT), thyroid (MS-TY), brain (MS-BR) and urinary bladder (MS-UB) of a juvenile Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi, were evaluated in vitro for their susceptibility to 5 mammalian viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), reovirus type 3 (Reo-3), poliovirus type 1 (Polio-1) and vaccinia virus (Vac); 5 fish viruses: channel catfish herpesvirus (CCV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), fish rhabdovirus carpio (RC) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV); and 2 marine mammal morbilliviruses: phocine distemper virus (PDV) and dolphin distemper virus (DMV). Four well-established continuous cell-lines of nonhuman primate (Vero) and fish (EPC, CHSE-214 and BB) origin served as controls to standardize the virus infectivity assays. Virus yields were quantified as 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) ml-1 on Day 7 post-inoculation. Results of the viral challenge assays revealed that the monk seal cell lines shared a similar pattern of susceptibility to the mammalian viruses. Despite their different tissue origins, all monk seal cells were sensitive to HSV-1, Vac, VSV and Reo-3, but were refractory to Polio-1. A characteristic viral-induced cytopathic effect was noted with VSV and Reo-3, and distinct plaques were observed for HSV-1 and Vac. Monk seal cell lines were also susceptible to PDV and DMV, 2 morbilliviruses isolated from seals and dolphins, respectively. By contrast, these cell lines were generally resistant to VHSV, IHNV and IPNV, with varying susceptibility to RC and CCV. The wide range of viral susceptibility of these monk seal cell lines suggests their potential value in studying viruses of monk seals and other marine mammals.
Descriptors: Monachus schauinslandi, pathological techniques, susceptibility to viral disease determination technique, cell line study, viral diseases.
Lyons, C., M.J. Welsh, J. Thorsen, K. Ronald, and B.K. Rima (1993). Canine distemper virus isolated from a captive seal. Veterinary Record 132(19): 487-488. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: seals, distemper virus, isolation, antibodies, Ontario.
Lyons, E.T. (2005). Historic importance of some aspects of research by O. Wilford Olsen on hookworms (Uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Steller sea lions (Eumatopias [Eumetopias] jubatus) in 1951 on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Parasitology Research 95(5): 353-357. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Descriptors: Steller sea lions, Uncinaria lucasi, hookworms, size, mammalian hosts, northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, Eumetopias jubatus, Bering Sea, Alaska, St. Paul Island, importance of research by O.W. Olsen.
Lyons, E.T., R.L. Delong, F.M. Gulland, S.R. Melin, S.C. Tolliver, and T.R. Spraker (2000). Comparative biology of Uncinaria spp. In the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) in California. Journal of Parasitology 86(6): 1348-1352. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: parasitology, hookworms, sea lion, fur seal, parasites, comparative biology, feces, eggs intestines, transmission, Uncinaria spp., pups.
Lyons, E.T., R.L. DeLong, T.R. Spraker, S.R. Melin, J.L. Laake, and S.C. Tolliver (2005). Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California. Parasitology Research 96(2): 127-132. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Descriptors: hookworms, mammalian hosts, Zalophus californianus, parasite, seasonal prevalence in host, young, California, San Miguel Island, seasonal prevalence, dead pups, intestines, sea lions.
Lyons, E.T. and M.C. Keyes (1984). Further indication of viability of larvae of the hookworm (Uncinaria lucasi) for several years in tissues of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Journal of Parasitology 70(3): 459-460. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Uncinaria, nematode larvae, lifespan, viability, seals.
Lyons, E.T., S.R. Melin, R.L. Delong, A.J. Orr, F.M. Gulland, and S.C. Tolliver (2001). Current prevalence of adult Uncinaria spp. in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, California, with notes on the biology of these hookworms. Veterinary Parasitology 97(4): 309-318. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: Callorhinus ursinus, Zalophus californianus, pups, Uncinaria, hookworms, disease prevalence, temporal variation, fecundity, body condition, feces, helminth ova, seal milk, body fat, sand, California, worm burden, rookery sand.
Lyons, E.T., R.L. Delong, S.R. Melin, and S.C. Tolliver (1997). Uncinariasis in northern fur seal and California sea lion pups from California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(4): 848-852. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: epidemiology, population studies, parasitology, uncinariasis, parasitic disease, parasite intensity, prevalence, northern fur seal, California sea lion, pup mortality, San Miguel Island.
Manley, K.M. and J.A. Embil (1989). In vitro effect of ivermectin on Pseudoterranova decipiens survival. Journal of Helminthology 63(1): 72-74. ISSN: 0022-149X.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J82
Descriptors: nematode larvae, survival, in vitro, ivermectin, nematode control, hosts, fishes, seals, Halichoerus grypus.
Martina, B.E.E., G.M.G.M. Verjans, T.C. Harder, T. Kuiken, M.W.G. Van de Bildt, P.A.C. Van Bergen, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2003). Seal gammaherpesviruses: identification, characterisation and epidemiology. Virus Research 94(1): 25-31. ISSN: 0168-1702.
Descriptors: epidemiology, population studies, infection, gammaherpesvirus infection, viral disease, harbour seal, grey seal, PhHV-2, isolates.
Matsuda, M., S. Hashiura, Y. Une, H. Sirouzu, and Y. Nomura (2003). Two distinct carcinomas of mammary gland origin in a California sea lion. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 241-243. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: reproductive system, tumor biology, lymph node metastasis, California sea lion, neoplastic disease, mammary gland carcinoma, female, histology, carcinomas, mammary gland, diagnostic techniques, cytology techniques, laboratory techniques.
Mayer, K.A., M.D. Dailey, and M.A. Miller (2003). Helminth parasites of the southern sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis in central california: abundance, distribution and pathology. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 53(1): 77-88. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: infection, parasitology, parasitic infection, parasitic disease, mortality, pathology, peritonitis, digestive system disease, mortality, El Nino, dietary differences, sea otter, energy reserves, host density, intestinal perforation, nutrient uptake, parasitism, helminth, species abundance, species distribution, California.
McClelland, G. (2002). The trouble with sealworms (Pseudoterranova decipiens species complex, Nematoda): a review. Parasitology 124(Suppl.): S183-S203. ISSN: 0031-1820.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Descriptors: Pseudoterranova decipiens, animal parasitic nematodes, phylogeny, life cycle, host parasite relationships, marine fishes, seals, geographical distribution, disease control, reviews.
Notes: In the special issue: Parasites in Marine Systems edited by R. Poulin.
Measures, L.N. and M. Olson (1999). Giardiasis in pinnipeds from eastern Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35(4): 779-82. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Cysts of Giardia sp. were detected in feces from the rectum of 20 of 74 pinnipeds examined from the eastern coast of Canada in 1997 and 1998 using a monoclonal antibody technique. Infected pinnipeds included 15 adult harp seals (Phoca groenlandica), four adult grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and one juvenile harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Cysts were not detected in 15 seal pups <1-yr-old. The highest prevalence (50%) occurred in adult harp seals collected near the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The overall prevalence of Giardia sp. in grey and harbor seals, excluding pups, from the Gulf and St. Lawrence estuary was 23%. Feces from 11 beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and one northern bottle-nosed whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus) stranded in the St. Lawrence estuary were negative for Giardia sp. cysts. The significance of Giardia sp. in marine mammals, shown here for the first time in eastern coastal Canada, is unknown.
Descriptors: Giardia lamblia isolation and purification, giardiasis, seals, earless parasitology, whales parasitology, antibodies, monoclonal, Canada epidemiology, feces parasitology, Giardia lamblia immunology, giardiasis epidemiology, prevalence.
Mehlhorn, B., H. Mehlhorn, and J. Ploetz (2002). Light and scanning electron microscopical study on Antarctophthirus ogmorhini lice from the Antarctic seal Leptonychotes weddellii. Parasitology Research 88(7): 651-660. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Descriptors: parasitology, light microscopy, microscopy method, Antarctic seal, scanning electron microscopy, microscopy method, diving periods, morphological peculiarities, parasite, Weddell seal.
Mendonca, M.M. (1984). Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea) from Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreber, 1778) (Carnivora, Otariidae) in captivity. Revista Ibérica De Parasitología 44(1): 39-44. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Descriptors: Cestoda, helminth larvae, morphology, seals.
Mews, A.R. (1990). Epidemiology of distemper in seals. Veterinary Annual (30): 34-36. ISSN: 0083-5870.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V6456
Descriptors: seals, Phoca vitulina, distemper virus, epidemiology, morbillivirus, Europe, Halichoerus grypus.
Meyer, W., M. Bollhorn, and M. Stede (2000). Aspects of general antimicrobial properties of skin secretions in the common seal Phoca vitulina. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 41(1): 77-79. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: immune system, homeostasis, integumentary system, skin, saccharide, sebaceous glands, secretions, seal, antimicrobial protection, bacteria, fungi, epidermis.
Mignucci, G.A.A., C.A. Beck, O.R.A. Montoya, and E.H. Williams Jr. (1999). Parasites and commensals of the West Indian manatee from Puerto Rico. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 66(1): 67-69. ISSN: 1049-233X.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: parasitology, manatee, parasites, helminths, nematode, digeneans, Puerto Rico.
Mignucci, G.A.A., E.H. Williams Jr., G.G.M. Toyos, P.J. Perez, L.M.A. Rodriguez, G.M.B. Vega, and G.M. Ventura (1999). Helminths from a stranded manatee in the Dominican Republic. Veterinary Parasitology 81(1): 69-71. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: parasitology, parasites, helminth infection, manatee, parasitic disease, Dominican Republic.
Mikaelian, I., D. Leclair, and J. Inukpuk (2001). Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in a ringed seal from Hudson Bay. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37(2): 379-382. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: digestive system, tumor biology, small intestine, adenocarcinoma, digestive system disease, neoplastic disease, ringed seal, Hudson Bay, Canada, case study.
Miller, M.A., I.A. Gardner, C. Kreuder, D.M. Paradies, K.R. Worcester, D.A. Jessup, E. Dodd, M.D. Harris, J.A. Ames, and A.E. Packham (2002). Coastal freshwater runoff is a risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris Nereis). International Journal of Parasitology 32(8): 997-1006. ISSN: 0020-7519.
NAL Call Number: QH547.I55
Abstract: The association among anthropogenic environmental disturbance, pathogen pollution and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife has been postulated, but not always well supported by epidemiologic data. Specific evidence of coastal contamination of the marine ecosystem with the zoonotic protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, and extensive infection of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) along the California coast was documented by this study. To investigate the extent of exposure and factors contributing to the apparent emergence of T. gondii in southern sea otters, we compiled environmental, demographic and serological data from 223 live and dead sea otters examined between 1997 and 2001. The T. gondii seroprevalence was 42% (49/116) for live otters, and 62% (66/107) for dead otters. Demographic and environmental data were examined for associations with T. gondii seropositivity, with the ultimate goal of identifying spatial clusters and demographic and environmental risk factors for T. gondii infection. Spatial analysis revealed clusters of T. gondii-seropositive sea otters at two locations along the coast, and one site with lower than expected T. gondii seroprevalence. Risk factors that were positively associated with T. gondii seropositivity in logistic regression analysis included male gender, older age and otters sampled from the Morro Bay region of California. Most importantly, otters sampled near areas of maximal freshwater runoff were approximately three times more likely to be seropositive to T. gondii than otters sampled in areas of low flow. No association was found between seropositivity to T. gondii and human population density or exposure to sewage. This study provides evidence implicating land-based surface runoff as a source of T. gondii infection for marine mammals, specifically sea otters, and provides a convincing illustration of. pathogen pollution in the marine ecosystem.
Descriptors: Enhydra lutris, otters, hosts, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, coastal areas, fresh water, runoff water, risk factors, male animals, female animals, seroprevalence, regression analysis, California, southern sea otter.
Miller, M.A., I.A. Gardner, A. Packham, J.K. Mazet, K.D. Hanni, D. Jessup, J. Estes, R. Jameson, E. Dodd, B.C. Barr, L.J. Lowenstine, F.M. Gulland, and P.A. Conrad (2002). Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for demonstration of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Parasitology 88(3): 594-599. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: methods, techniques, parasitology, immunohistochemistry, detection method, indirect fluorescent antibody test, detection method, parasite isolation, sea otter, T. gondii, IFAT, evaluation.
Morgan, U.M., L. Xiao, B.D. Hill, P. O'Donoghue, J. Limor, A. Lal, and R.C.A. Thompson (2000). Detection of the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype in a dugong (Dugong dugon). Journal of Parasitology 86(6): 1352-1354. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: molecular genetics, biochemistry, parasitology, DNA sequencing, dugong, Cryptosporidium, sequencing method, polymerase chain reaction, recombinant DNA technology, sequencing techniques, DNA amplification, genotype, in situ recombinant gene expression detection, restriction fragment mapping, sequencing method, sequencing techniques.
Morita, T., M. Kishimoto, A. Shimada, Y. Matsumoto, and J. Shindo (2001). Disseminated histoplasmosis in a sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Comparative Pathology 125(2-3): 219-223. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: infection, histoplasmosis, fungal disease, sea otter, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, case study.
Nakagaki, K., K. Hata, E. Iwata, and K. Takeo (2000). Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) with dermatitis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 62(8): 901-903. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: integumentary system, infection, dermatitis, isolation method, circumvallate bulgings, symptom, ring swellings, sea lion, fungus, skin, freeze etching, electron micropscopy.
Neill, J.D., R.F. Meyer, and B.S. Seal (1995). Genetic relatedness of the caliciviruses: San Miguel sea lion and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses constitute a single genotype within the Caliciviridae. Journal of Virology 69(7): 4484-4488. ISSN: 0022-538X.
NAL Call Number: QR360.J6
Abstract: The San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSV) and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses (VESV) are related morphologically and antigenically, but little has been done to determine their genotypic relationship to each other and to other caliciviruses. To examine this relationship, reverse transcriptase PCRs were performed by using oligonucleotide primer sets designed to amplify portions of the 2C RNA helicase-like and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase regions with total cellular RNA purified from virus-infected cell cultures as a template. The 2C RNA helicase primers directed the amplification of this region from eight SMSV serotypes, five VESV serotypes, and four related viruses. The RNA polymerase primer sets amplified products from all these viruses except one. Phylogenetic comparison of the caliciviruses demonstrated that SMSV, VESV, and four related viruses are closely related while being distinct from feline calicivirus, the human caliciviruses (small, round-structured viruses), and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and that they should be classified as a single genotype within the Caliciviridae.
Descriptors: San Miguel sea lion virus, vesicular exanthema virus, calicivirus, caliciviridae, RNA, genomes, structural genes, enzymes, RNA polymerase, nucleotide sequences, phylogeny, chemotaxonomy, RNA helicase, molecular sequence data, Genbank, u15301, Genbank, u15302, Genbank, u18470, Genbank, u18471, Genbank, u18472, Genbank, u18473, Genbank, u18474, Genbank, u18475, Genbank, u18476, Genbank, u18477, Genbank, u18478, Genbank, u18479, Genbank, u18480, Genbank, u18481, Genbank, u18482, Genbank, u18483, Genbank, u18484, Genbank, u15301, Genbank, u15302, Genbank, u18730, Genbank, u18731, Genbank, u18732, Genbank, u18733, Genbank, u18734, Genbank, u18735, Genbank, u18736, Genbank, u18737, Genbank, u18738, Genbank, u18739, Genbank, u18740+.
Nielsen, O., R.E. Stewart, L. Measures, P. Duignan, and C. House (2000). A morbillivirus antibody survey of Atlantic walrus, narwhal and beluga in Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36(3): 508-17. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: A longitudinal serologic survey was conducted for morbillivirus antibodies in Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), narwhal (Monodon monoceros), and beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and the St. Lawrence estuary (Canada). Sixty-five of 131 (50%) walruses sampled between 1984 and 1993 had detectable morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies. Positive walrus were identified from four of five Arctic sampling sites, to as far back as 1984. Prevalence of morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies in walruses from Foxe Basin ranged from a high of 76% (n = 21) in 1993 to a low of 22% (n = 28) in 1984. Limitations in sample acquisition may have produced underestimates for the 1984 data. There are no reports of clinical morbillivirus infection in walruses. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a morbillivirus similar or identical to phocine distemper virus (PDV) has circulated among walrus populations of the eastern Canadian Arctic, at least since the early 1980s. No narwhal (n = 79) or beluga (n = 445) from Arctic waters were identified as having antibodies to dolphin morbilivirus (DMV) above the threshold serum dilution of log2 4. Also, none of the beach-cast cetacean carcasses (n = 28) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence estuary were positive for antibodies to DMV. This indicates that Gulf of St. Lawrence, St. Lawrence estuary, and Arctic cetaceans either have not been exposed to DMV or an antigenically related morbillivirus, or are not susceptible to infection.
Descriptors: antibodies, viral blood, morbillivirus immunology, morbillivirus infections, walruses, whales, Arctic regions epidemiology, Canada epidemiology, longitudinal studies, morbillivirus infections epidemiology, neutralization tests, seroepidemiologic studies.
O'Neill, G. and J. Whelan (2002). The occurrence of Corynosoma strumosum in the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, caught off the Atlantic coast of Ireland. Journal of Helminthology 76(3): 231-234. ISSN: 0022-149X.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J82
Descriptors: population studies, grey seal, parasites, parasitology, Corynosoma strumosum infection, parasitic disease, abundance, sex ratio, Ireland, Atlantic coast.
Ohashi, K., N. Miyazaki, S. Tanabe, H. Nakata, R. Miura, K. Fujita, C. Wakasa, M. Uema, E. Takahashi, C. Kai, and M. Shiotani (2001). Seroepidemiological survey of distemper virus infection in the Caspian Sea and in Lake Baikal. Veterinary Microbiology 82(3): 203-210. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Abstract: Forty Caspian seals were surveyed seroepidemiologically between 1993 and 1998 around the times of mass mortality that occurred in 1997 in the Caspian Sea and seven Baikal seals were also surveyed in 1998. Virus neutralizing tests and ELISA clearly suggested that distemper virus epidemic was caused in Caspian seals before the spring of 1997 and that CDV infection continued to occur in Lake Baikal in recent years.
Descriptors: seals, distemper virus, serological surveys, epidemiology, mortality, ELISA, virus neutralization, history, Russia.
Onderka, D.K. (1989). Prevalence and pathology of nematode infections in the lungs of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) of the western arctic of Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25(2): 218-224. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Phoca, seals, nematode infections, lungs, pneumonia, filaroides, histopathology, Alberta, Otostrongylus circumlitus, filaroides Parafilaroides hispidus.
Orvell, C. and H. Sheshberadaran (1991). Phocine distemper virus is phylogenetically related to canine distemper virus. Veterinary Record 129(12): 267-269. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: distemper virus, dogs, seals, measles virus, rinderpest virus, monoclonal antibodies, phylogeny.
Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., J. Groen, P. de Vries, F.G.C.M. Uyt de Haag, B. Klingeborn, and R. Zarnke (1988). Canine distemper virus in seals. Nature (London) 335(6189): 403-404. ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, dogs, distemper virus, infectivity, disease transmission, Phoca vitulina.
Osterhaus, A. and T. Kuiken (2003). Re-emergence of phocine distemper in the harbour seal population of western Europe. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 17: 37-38. ISSN: 0946-896X.
Descriptors: harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, viral diseases, phocine distemper, re-emergence, North Atlantic, west Europe.
Osterhaus, A., M. Van de Bildt, L. Vedder, B. Martina, H. Niesters, J. Vos, H. Van Egmond, D. Liem, R. Baumann, E. Androukaki, S. Kotomatas, A. Komnenou, B.A. Sidi, A.B. Jiddou, and M.E.O. Barham (1998). Monk seal mortality: virus or toxin? Vaccine 16(9-10): 979-981. ISSN: 0264-410X.
NAL Call Number: QR189.V32
Descriptors: infection, pharmacology, vaccination, morbillivirus, monk seal, post mortem findings, immunological method, management tool, disease outbreak, mortality.
Oxley, A.P.A. and D.B. McKay (2004). Fecal shedding of Helicobacter spp. by co-housed Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) and Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus Doriferus). Veterinary Microbiology 101(4): 235-243. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: feces, excretion, seals, marine mammals, Helicobacter, animal pathogenic bacteria, zoo animals, bacterial infections, disease detection, polymerase chain reaction, digestive system diseases, sequence analysis, nucleotide sequences, phylogeny, genetic variation, Australia, sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, Arctocephalus pusillus Doriferus, molecular sequence data.
Oxley, A.P.A., M. Powell, and D.B. McKay (2004). Species of the family Helicobacteraceae detected in an Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) with chronic gastritis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42(8): 3505-3512. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea, bacterial diseases, helicobacteraceae, gastroeneritis, Queensland, bacteria isolation, characterization, clinical pathology, captivity.
Raga, J.A., J.A. Balbuena, J. Aznar, and M. Fernandez (1997). The impact of parasites on marine mammals: a review. Parasitologia 39(4): 293-6. ISSN: 0048-2951.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 P212
Abstract: The design and implementation of conservation plans for marine mammals is a matter of public concern. However, very little is known about the role of parasites in the dynamics of marine mammal populations. This is probably due to methodological constraints concerning sampling biases, poor knowledge of the biology of the hosts and parasites and difficulty and costy of experimental studies. However, current evidence supports the theory that parasites may regulate marine mammal populations. Crassicauda species in cetaceans and Uncinaria lucasi in pinnipeds seem good candidates as regulating agents. In addition, parasite-induced mass mortalities may be important in marine mammal populations. Well documented cases are the PDV virus which decimated the European common seal (Phoca vitulina) populations in 1988 and the Mediterranean striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) morbillivirus infection of 1990-1992. Due to the social organisation patterns of marine mammals it is possible that such die-offs occur at very low densities, representing a potential threat to endangered species like the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), the Hawaiian monk seal (M. schauinslandi) or the Finish Saimaa seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). It is concluded that parasites can play an important role in marine mammal populations not only at the ecological scale but at the evolutionary one too.
Descriptors: Cetacea parasitology, marine biology, parasitic diseases, animal epidemiology, Pinnipedia parasitology, host parasite relations, parasitic diseases, animal mortality, animal parasitology, periodicity, population dynamics.
Rector, A., G.D. Bossart, S.J. Ghim, J.P. Sundberg, A.B. Jenson, and M. Van Ranst (2004). Characterization of a novel close-to-root papillomavirus from a Florida manatee by using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification: Trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1. Journal of Virology 78(22): 12698-12702. ISSN: 0022-538X.
NAL Call Number: QR360.J6
Descriptors: infection, Trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1 infection, infectious disease, skin lesion, manatee, integumentary system disease, neoplastic disease, characterization, DNA amplification, genetic techniques, laboratory techniques, papillomavirus.
Register, K.B., R.E. Sacco, and G. Foster (2000). Ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis reveal a novel clone of Bordetella bronchiseptica in seals. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12(6): 535-540. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: seals, Bordetella bronchiseptica, restriction endonuclease analysis, types, characterization, clones, Scotland, Denmark, ribotypes.
Reijinders, P.J.H., S.M.J.M. Brasseur, and A.G. Brinkman (2003). The phocine distemper virus outbreak of 2002 amongst harbour seals in the North Sea and Baltic Sea: spatial and temporal development, and predicted population consequences. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 17: 19-25. ISSN: 0946-896X.
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina, harbour seals, viral diseases, phocine distemper virus, epizootiology, predicted population impact, Baltic Sea, North Sea, population dynamics, mortality, epizootiology.
Reimer, D.C. and T.P. Lipscomb (1998). Malignant seminoma with metastasis and herpesvirus infection in a free-living sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29(1): 35-39. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: infection, reproductive system, tumor biology, malignant seminoma, disease, neoplastic disease, metastasis, necropsy, sea otter, herpesvirus, diagnostic method.
Reineking, B. (2003). Phocine distemper epidemic amongst seals in 2002. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 17: 57-63. ISSN: 0946-896X.
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina, viral diseases, phocine distemper, epidemic report, North Atlantic, west Europe, seals, viral disease epidemic report.
Sato, S., H. Kitamura, M. Mori, M. Fukazawa, M. Takeda, and K. Kadota (1998). Adenocarcinoma of the lung in a steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 60(12): 1349-1351. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: respiratory system, tumor biology, adenocarcinoma of the lung, neoplastic disease, respiratory system disease, Steller sea lion.
Sato, T., T. Higuchi, H. Shibuya, S. Ohba, S. Nogami, W. Shirai, H. Watanabe, and S. Honda (2002). Lingual squamous cell carcinoma in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(4): 367-370. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: dental and oral system, tumor biology, veterinary medicine, lingual squamous cell carcinoma, sea lion, neoplastic disease, mandibular lymph node metastasis, electron microscopy, necropsy, clinical techniques, aquarium, mortality.
Sato, T., H. Shibuya, S. Ohba, T. Nojiri, and W. Shirai (2003). Mycobacteriosis in two captive Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34(2): 184-188. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris, bacterial diseases, Mycobacterium, disease records, case reports in captivity, pathogenicity.
Scheiblauer, H., A.P. Kendal, and R. Rott (1995). Pathogenicity of influenza A/Seal/Mass/1/80 virus mutants for mammalian species. Archives of Virology 140(2): 341-348. ISSN: 0304-8608.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 Ar23
Abstract: Increases in infectiousness, neurotropism and virulence were found in a laboratory variant of influenza A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/80 (H7N7) virus having a highly cleavable hemagglutinin. Sequential passage from host to host further increased pathogenicity of the H7N7 virus in mice, ferrets and rats.
Descriptors: seals, influenza virus, pathogenicity, hemagglutinins, histopathology, experimental infection, ferrets, rats, mice, disseminated infections, brain, in vitro selection.
Seal, B.S., J.A. House, C.A. Whetstone, and J.D. Neill (1995). Analysis of the serologic relationship among San Miguel sea lion virus and vesicular exanthema of swine virus isolates. Application of the western blot assay for detection of antibodies in swine sera to these virus types. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7(2): 190-195. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: vesicular exanthema virus, San Miguel sea lion virus, immunoblotting, antibodies, detection, serotypes, pigs, blood serum, cross reaction.
Sey, O. (1980). Amphistome parasites of the dugong and a revision of the subfamily Solenorchiinae (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica 26(1-3): 223-228. ISSN: 0001-7264.
NAL Call Number: 410 AC85
Abstract: Solenorchis travassosi from dugong, histo-morphology of pharynx, genital opening, excretory bladder, and acetabulum, concluded that dugong has one species of amphistome (S. travassosi), Solenorchiinae revised, Solenorchis diagnosis emended.
Descriptors: Kenya, Sulawesi, morphology, Trematoda, Solenorchis Trematoda, Solenorchis travassosi Trematoda Dugong dugong host, Solenorchiinae Trematoda.
SF997.5.M35C73 2001Dunn, J.L., J.D. Buck and T.R. Robeck (2001). Bacterial diseases of cetaceans and pinnipeds. In: L.A. Dierauf and F.M.D. Gulland (Editors), CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine, 2nd edition, CRC Press: Boca Raton; London, p. 309-335. ISBN: 0849308399.
NAL Call Number: SF997.5.M35C73 2001
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, Cetacea, literature review, bacterial diseases.
Sherrill, J., G.M. Peavy, M.J. Kopit, M.M. Garner, C.H. Gardiner, and L.M. Adams (2004). Use of laser rhinoscopy to treat a nasal obstruction in a captive California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 35(2): 232-241. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: respiratory system, respiration, surgery, bacterial infection, nasal obstruction, respiratory system disease, diagnosis, sea lion, captive, nasopharyngeal polyp, suppurative inflammation, necropsy, diagnostic techniques, biopsy, laser rhinoscopy.
Silvagni, P.A., L.J. Lowenstine, T. Spraker, T.P. Lipscomb, and F.M.D. Gulland (2005). Pathology of domoic acid toxicity in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Veterinary Pathology 42(2): 184-191. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: Engraulis mordax, algal, mammalian predators, California sea lions, Callorhinus ursinus, northern fur seal, Zalophus californianus, prey, vector of algal toxin, domoic acid intoxication.
Simpson, V.R. (2000). Veterinary advances in the investigation of wildlife diseases in Britain. Research in Veterinary Science 69(1): 11-6. ISSN: 0034-5288.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: animal diseases microbiology, animal diseases parasitology, animal diseases virology, animals, wild, Chiroptera, deer, foxes, Great Britain, hedgehogs, lagomorpha, otters, porpoises, rabbits, seals, earless.
Sinisalo, T., M. Kunnasranta, and E.T. Valtonen (2003). Intestinal helminths of a landlocked ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) population in eastern Finland. Parasitology Research 91(1): 40-45. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Descriptors: freshwater, infection, parasitology, intestinal helminth infection, parasitic disease, ringed seal, freshwater environment, helminth fauna, immune status, landlocked population, diet, feeding behavior.
Spraker, T.R., E.T. Lyons, R.L. Delong, and R.R. Zink (2004). Penetration of the small intestine of a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pup by adult hookworms (Uncinaria spp.). Parasitology Research 92(5): 436-438. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Descriptors: digestive system, infection, hookworm infection, parasitic disease, mortality, sea lion, pathology, lesions, small intestine.
Spraker, T.R., E.T. Lyons, S.C. Tolliver, and H.D. Bair (2003). Ascaridoid nematodes and associated lesions in stomach of subadult male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska: (1987-1999). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15(5): 432-437. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Anisakis, Contracaecum, Pseudoterranova, Ascaridoid, parasites, mammalian hosts, northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, parasite prevalence, histopathology, male host, stomachs, Alaska, St. Paul Island.
Stack, M.J., V.R. Simpson, and A.C. Scott (1993). Mixed poxvirus and calicivirus infections of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in Cornwall. Veterinary Record 132(7): 163-165. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: seals, Poxviridae, calicivirus, south west England.
Staveley, C.M., K.B. Register, M.A. Miller, S.L. Brockmeier, D.A. Jessup, and S. Jang (2003). Molecular and antigenic characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from a wild southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with severe suppurative bronchopneumonia. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15(6): 570-574. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: southern sea otter, Enhydra lutris nereis, wild, bacterial diseases, Bordetella bronchiseptica, molecular and antigenic characterization, suppurative, bronchopneumonia, north Pacific, USA, California.
Stewardson, C.L. and H.J. Fourie (1998). Endoparasites of the cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus from the eastern Cape Coast of South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 53(1): 33-51. ISSN: 0035-919X.
NAL Call Number: 515 SO8A
Descriptors: parasitology, cape fur seal, Soth Africa, endoparasites, scanning electron microscopy, endoparasitism, infection intensity, stomach, blubber.
Stryukov, A.A. (2004). Invasion of Antarctic phocid seals by acanthocephals [acanthocephalans]. Vestnik Zoologii 38(4): 23-29, 95. ISSN: 0084-5604.
NAL Call Number: QL1.V4
Descriptors: acanthocephala, seals, mammalian hosts, phocidae, Antarctic Ocean, parasite prevalence, host specificity, host age and sex significance, parasites.
Sweat, J.M., C.M. Johnson, and E.P.J. Gibbs (2003). In vitro development and characterization of a manatee bronchial cell line. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Animal 39(5-6): 249-256. ISSN: 1071-2690.
NAL Call Number: QH585.A1I58
Descriptors: cell biology, respiratory system, respiration, manatee, brevetoxicosis, infectious disease, pulmonary disease, bronchial cell line, in vitro, pulmonary disease, in vitro testing, live animal experimentation, mucociliary phenotype.
Titenko, A.M. and T.I. Borisova (2003). The antigenic characteristics of the isolates of Baikal seal morbillivirus. Voprosy Virusologii 48(2): 46-48. ISSN: 0507-4088.
Descriptors: immune system, infection, Baikal seal, morbillivirus, ELISA, immunologic techniques, antigenic characteristics.
Tryland, M., J. Klein, E.S. Nordoy, and A.S. Blix (2005). Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell seal. Virus Research 108(1-2): 83-87. ISSN: 0168-1702.
Descriptors: epidemiology, infection, sealpox, viral disease, Weddell seal, etiology, pathology, electron microscopy, parapovirus, skin lesion, biopsy, clinical techniques, diagnostic techniques.
Tryland, M., L. Kleivane, A. Alfredsson, M. Kjeld, A. Arnason, S. Stuen, and J. Godfroid (1999). Evidence of Brucella infection in marine mammals in the North Atlantic Ocean. Veterinary Record 144(21): 588-592. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: whales, seals, brucella, antibody testing, seroprevalence, Atlantic Ocean.
Verger, J.M., M. Grayon, A. Cloeckaert, M. Lefevre, E. Ageron, and F. Grimont (2000). Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping. Research in Microbiology 151(9): 797-9. ISSN: 0923-2508.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A55
Abstract: DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the Brucella strains recently isolated from marine mammals belong to the monospecific genus Brucella (more than 77% DNA relatedness). Ribotyping (HindIII rDNA restriction patterns) showed that they may represent a separate subgroup (marine type) specifically associated with marine mammals.
Descriptors: Brucella classification, Brucella isolation and purification, seawater, deoxyribonuclease hindIII metabolism, dolphins microbiology, mammals microbiology, nucleic acid hybridization, porpoises microbiology, ribotyping, seals, earless microbiology.
Wallach, J.D. (1970). Nutritional diseases of exotic animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 157(5): 583-99. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: animals, zoo, deficiency diseases, animal feed, ascorbic acid deficiency, avitaminosis, bird diseases pathology, calcium, Carnivora, cats, deficiency diseases pathology, dietary fats, dietary proteins, dolphins, elephants, infertility, iodine, lipids, manganese, protein deficiency, snakes, thiamine deficiency pathology, thiamine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency pathology, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin B deficiency pathology, vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin E deficiency pathology, vitamin E deficiency, zinc.
Yantis, D., R. Moeller, R. Braun, C.H. Gardiner, A. Aguirre, and J.P. Dubey (2003). Hepatitis associated with a Sarcocystis canis-like protozoan in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Journal of Parasitology 89(6): 1258-1260. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Monachus, Sarcocystis, sarcocystosis, liver, histopathology, hepatitis, hepatocytes, merozoites, schizonts, ultrastructure, pathogen identification, seals, endangered species, Hawaii.
Ylitalo, G.M., J.E. Stein, T. Hom, L.L. Johnson, K.L. Tilbury, A.J. Hall, T. Rowles, D. Greig, L.J. Lowenstine, and F.M.D. Gulland (2005). The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(1): 30-39. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, pollutants, neoplastic diseases, organochlorine tissue burdens, mortality, chemical pollution, North Pacific, California, neoplasms, associated mortality.
Yurakhno, M.V. and V.N. Mal'tsev (1994). Diphyllobothrium lobodoni sp. n. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): the parasite of the crab eater seal. Parazitologiia (St. Petersburg) 28(4): 270-275. ISSN: 0031-1847.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A1P32
Descriptors: digestive system, crabeater seal, parasite, intestinal, general life studies, morphology, parasitology, physiology, description, taxonomy.
Zabka, T.S., E.L. Buckles, F.M.D. Gulland, M. Haulena, D.K. Naydan, and L.J. Lowenstine (2004). Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a stranded Steller (northern) sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Comparative Pathology 130(2-3): 195-198. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: respiratory system, respiration, tumor biology, anaplastic pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, muscle disease, Steller sea lion, neoplastic disease, diagnosis, pulmonary metastasis, respiratory system disease, electron microscopy, imaging and microscopy techniques, marine mammal stranding, mortality, population decline.