PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances

Sec. 172.510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.

Natural flavoring substances and natural adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) In the appropriate forms (plant parts, fluid and solid extracts, concentrates, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, resins, oleoresins, waxes, and distillates) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, previously sanctioned for such use, or regulated in any section of this part. Common name Scientific name Limitations Aloe Aloe perryiBaker,A. barbadensisMill.,A. feroxMill., and hybrids of this sp. withA. africanaMill. andA. spicataBaker Althea root and flowers Althea officinalisL Amyris (West Indian sandalwood) Amyris balsamiferaL Angola weed Roccella fuciformisAch In alcoholic beverages only Arnica flowers Arnica montanaL.,A. fulgensPursh,A. sororiaGreene, orA. cordifoliaHooker Do. Artemisia (wormwood) Artemisiaspp Finished food thujone free1 Artichoke leaves Cynara scolymusL In alcoholic beverages only Benzoin resin Styrax benzoinDryander,S. paralleloneurusPerkins,S. tonkinensis(Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, or other spp. of the SectionAnthostyraxof the genusStyrax Blackberry bark Rubus,SectionEubatus Boldus (boldo) leaves Peumus boldusMol Do. Boronia flowers Boronia megastigmaNees Bryonia root Bryonia albaL., orB. diociaJacq Do. Buchu leaves Barosma betulinaBartl. et Wendl.,B. crenulata(L.) Hook. orB. serratifoliaWilld Buckbean leaves Menyanthes trifoliataL Do. Cajeput Melaleuca leucadendronL. and otherMelaleucaspp Calumba root Jateorhiza palmata(Lam.) Miers Do. Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Nees et Eberm Safrole free Cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshianaDC Cassie flowers Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd Castor oil Ricinus communisL Catechu, black Acacia catechuWilld Cedar, white (aborvitae), leaves and twigs Thuja occidentalisL Finished food thujone free1 Centuary Centaurium umbellatumGilib In alcoholic beverages only Cherry pits Prunus aviumL. orP. cerasusL Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid Cherry-laurel leaves Prunus laurocerasusL Do. Chestnut leaves Castanea dentata(Marsh.) Borkh Chirata Swertia chirataBuch.-Ham In alcoholic beverages only Cinchona, red, bark Cinchona succirubraPav. or its hybrids In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage Cinchona, yellow, bark Cinchona ledgerianaMoens,C. calisayaWedd., or hybrids of these with other spp. ofCinchona. Do. Copaiba South American spp. ofCopaiferaL Cork, oak Quercus suberL., orQ. occidentalisF. Gay In alcoholic beverages only Costmary Chrysanthemum balsamitaL Do. Costus root Saussurea lappaClarke Cubeb Piper cubebaL. f Currant, black, buds and leaves Ribes nigrumL Damiana leaves Turnera diffusaWilld Davana Artemisia pallensWall Dill, Indian Anethum sowaRoxb. (Peucedanum graveolensBenth et Hook.,Anethum graveolensL.) Dittany (fraxinella) roots Dictamnus albusL Do. Dittany of Crete Origanum dictamnusL Dragon's blood (dracorubin) Daemonoropsspp Elder tree leaves Sambucus nigraL In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Elecampane rhizome and roots Inula heleniumL In alcoholic beverages only Elemi Canarium communeL. orC. luzonicumMiq Erigeron Erigeron canadensisL Eucalyptus globulus leaves Eucalyptus globulusLabill Fir ("pine") needles and twigs Abies sibiricaLedeb.,A. albaMill.,A. sachalinesisMasters orA. mayrianaMiyabe et Kudo Fir, balsam, needles and twigs Abies balsamea(L.) Mill Galanga, greater Alpinia galangaWilld Do. Galbanum Ferula galbanifluaBoiss. et Buhse and otherFerulaspp Gambir (catechu, pale) Uncaria gambirRoxb Genet flowers Spartium junceumL Gentian rhizome and roots Gentiana luteaL Gentian, stemless Gentiana acaulisL Do. Germander, chamaedrys Teucrium chamaedrysL Do. Germander, golden Teucrium poliumL Do. Guaiac Guaiacum officinaleL.,G. santumL.,Bulnesia sarmientiLor Guarana Paullinia cupanaHBK Haw, black, bark Viburnum prunifoliumL Hemlock needles and twigs Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carr. orT. heterophylla(Raf.) Sarg Hyacinth flowers Hyacinthus orientalisL Iceland moss Cetraria islandicaAch Do. Imperatoria Peucedanum ostruthium(L.). Koch (Imperatoria ostruthiumL.) Iva Achillea moschataJacq Do. Labdanum Cistusspp Lemon-verbena Lippia citriodoraHBK Do. Linaloe wood Bursera delpechianaPoiss. and otherBurseraspp Linden leaves Tilliaspp Do. Lovage Levisticum officinaleKoch Lungmoss (lungwort) Sticta pulmonaceaAch Maidenhair fern Adiantum capillus-venerisL Do. Maple, mountain Acer spicatumLam Mimosa (black wattle) flowers Acacia decurrensWilld. var.dealbata Mullein flowers Verbascum phlomoidesL. orV. thapsiformeSchrad Do. Myrrh Commiphora molmolEngl.,C. abyssinica(Berg) Engl., or otherCommiphoraspp Myrtle leaves Myrtus communisL Do. Oak, English, wood Quercus roburL Do. Oak, white, chips Quercus albaL Oak moss Evernia prunastri(L.) Ach.,E. furfuracea(L.) Mann, and other lichens Finished food thujone free1 Olibanum Boswellia carteriBirdw. and otherBoswelliaspp Opopanax (bisabolmyrrh) Opopanax chironiumKoch (true opopanax) ofCommiphora erythraeaEngl. var.Llabrescens Orris root Iris germanicaL. (including its varietyflorentinaDykes) andI. pallidaLam Pansy Viola tricolorL In alcoholic beverages only Passion flower Passiflora incarnataL Patchouly Pogostemon cablinBenth. andP. heyneanusBenth Peach leaves Prunus persica(L.) Batsch In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Pennyroyal, American Hedeoma pulegioides(L.) Pers Pennyroyal, European Mentha pulegiumL Pine, dwarf, needles and twigs Pinus mugoTurra var.pumilio(Haenke) Zenari Pine, Scotch, needles and twigs Pinus sylvestrisL Pine, white, bark Pinus strobusL In alcoholic beverages only Pine, white oil Pinus palustrisMill., and otherPinusspp Poplar buds Populus balsamiferaL. (P. tacamahaccaMill.),P. candicansAit., orP. nigraL Do. Quassia Picrasma excelsa(Sw.) Planch, orQuassia amaraL Quebracho bark Aspidosperma quebracho-blancoSchlecht, or (Quebrachia lorentzii(Griseb)) Schinopsis lorentzii(Griseb.) Engl. Quillaia (soapbark) Quillaja saponariaMol Red saunders (red sandalwood) Pterocarpus san alinusL In alcoholic beverages only Rhatany root Krameria triandraRuiz et Pav. orK. argenteaMart Rhubarb, garden root Rheum rhaponticumL Do. Rhubarb root Rheum officinaleBaill.,R. palmatumL., or other spp. (exceptingR. rhaponticumL.) or hybrids ofRheumgrown in China Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffaL Do. Rosin (colophony) Pinus palustrisMill., and otherPinusspp Do. St. Johnswort leaves, flowers, and caulis Hypericum perforatumL Hypericin-free alcohol distillate form only; in alcoholic beverages only Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) Santalum albumL Sandarac Tetraclinis articulata(Vahl.), Mast In alcoholic beverages only Sarsaparilla Smilax aristolochiaefoliaMill., (Mexican sarsaparilla),S. regeliiKillip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla),S. febrifugaKunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undeterminedSmilaxspp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla) Sassafras leaves Sassafras albidum(Nutt.) Nees Safrole free Senna, Alexandria Cassia acutifoliaDelile Serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) Aristolochia serpentariaL In alcoholic beverages only Simaruba bark Simaruba amaraAubl Do. Snakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) Asarum canadenseL Spruce needles and twigs Picea glauca(Moench) Voss orP. mariana(Mill.) BSP Storax (styrax) Liquidambar orientalisMill. orL. styracifluaL Tagetes (marigold) Tagetes patulaL.,T. erectaL., orT. minutaL. (T. glanduliferaSchrank) As oil only Tansy Tanacetum vulgareL In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free1 Thistle, blessed (holy thistle) Onicus benedictusL In alcoholic beverages only Thymus capitatus(Spanish "origanum") Thymus capitatusHoffmg. et Link Tolu Myroxylon balsamum(L.) Harms Turpentine Pinus palustrisMill. and otherPinusspp. which yield terpene oils exclusively Valerian rhizome and roots Valeriana officinalisL Veronica Veronica officinalisL Do. Vervain, European Verbena officinalisL Do. Vetiver Vetiveria zizanioidesStapf Do. Violet, Swiss Viola calcarataL Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigraL. orJ. regiaL Woodruff, sweet Asperula odorataL In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow Achillea millefoliumL In beverages only; finished beverage thujone free1 Yerba santa Eriodictyon californicum(Hook, et Arn.) Torr Yucca, Joshua-tree Yucca brevifoliaEngelm Yucca, Mohave Yucca schidigeraRoezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensisSarg.) 1As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists," 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007]