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Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
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Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiencyOn this page:
Reviewed July 2008
What is congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency is a disorder that affects a person's ability to digest certain sugars. People with this condition cannot break down the sugars sucrose and maltose. Sucrose (a sugar found in fruits, and also known as table sugar) and maltose (the sugar found in grains) are called disaccharides because they are made of two simple sugars. Disaccharides are broken down into simple sugars during digestion. Sucrose is broken down into glucose and another simple sugar called fructose, and maltose is broken down into two glucose molecules. People with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency cannot break down the sugars sucrose and maltose, and other compounds made from these sugar molecules (carbohydrates). Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency usually becomes apparent after an infant is weaned and starts to consume fruits, juices, and grains. After ingestion of sucrose or maltose, an affected child will typically experience stomach cramps, bloating, excess gas production, and diarrhea. These digestive problems can lead to failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive) and malnutrition. Most affected children are better able to tolerate sucrose and maltose as they get older. How common is congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?The prevalence of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency is estimated to be 1 in 5,000 people of European descent. This condition is much more prevalent in the native populations of Greenland, Alaska, and Canada, where as many as 1 in 20 people may be affected. What genes are related to congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?Mutations in the SI gene cause congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. The SI gene provides instructions for producing the enzyme sucrase-isomaltase. This enzyme is found in the small intestine and is responsible for breaking down sucrose and maltose into their simple sugar components. These simple sugars are then absorbed by the small intestine. Mutations that cause this condition alter the structure, disrupt the production, or impair the function of sucrase-isomaltase. These changes prevent the enzyme from breaking down sucrose and maltose, causing the intestinal discomfort seen in individuals with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Read more about the SI gene. How do people inherit congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Where can I find information about treatment for congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?These resources address the management of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency and may include treatment providers.
You might also find information on treatment of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency in Educational resources and Patient support. Where can I find additional information about congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?You may find the following resources about congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency helpful. These materials are written for the general public.
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers. What other names do people use for congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?
See How are genetic conditions and genes named? in the Handbook. What if I still have specific questions about congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?
Where can I find general information about genetic conditions?The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.
These links provide additional genetics resources that may be useful. What glossary definitions help with understanding congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency?autosomal ; autosomal recessive ; carbohydrate ; cell ; compound ; congenital ; deficiency ; digestion ; digestive ; enzyme ; failure to thrive ; gene ; glucose ; intestine ; malabsorption ; molecule ; mutation ; population ; prevalence ; recessive ; sign ; simple sugar ; stomach ; symptom You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary.
References (6 links)
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook. |