| 1960 |
Korabl 4 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Didn't reach Earth orbit |
| 1960 |
Korabl 5 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Didn't reach Earth orbit |
| 1962 |
Korabl 11 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart |
| 1962 |
Mars 1 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Radio Failed |
| 1962 |
Korabl 13 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Earth orbit only; spacecraft broke apart |
| 1964 |
Mariner 3 |
US (flyby) |
Failure |
Shroud failed to jettison |
| 1964 |
Mariner 4 |
US (flyby) |
Success |
Returned 21 images |
| 1964 |
Zond 2 |
USSR (flyby) |
Failure |
Radio failed |
| 1969 |
Mars 1969A |
USSR |
Failure |
Launch vehicle failure |
| 1969 |
Mars 1969B |
USSR |
Failure |
Launch vehicle failure |
| 1969 |
Mariner 6 |
US (flyby) |
Success |
Returned 75 images |
| 1969 |
Mariner 7 |
US (flyby) |
Success |
Returned 126 images |
| 1971 |
Mariner 8 |
US |
Failure |
Launch failure |
| 1971 |
Kosmos 419 |
USSR |
Failure |
Achieved Earth orbit only |
| 1971 |
Mars 2 Orbiter/Lander |
USSR |
Failure |
Orbiter arrived, but no useful data and Lander destroyed |
| 1971 |
Mars 3 Orbiter/Lander |
USSR |
Success |
Orbiter obtained approximately 8 months of data and lander landed safely, but only 20 seconds of data |
| 1971 |
Mariner 9 |
US |
Success |
Returned 7,329 images |
| 1973 |
Mars 4 |
USSR |
Failure |
Flew past Mars |
| 1973 |
Mars 5 |
USSR |
Success |
Returned 60 images; only lasted 9 days |
| 1973 |
Mars 6 Orbiter/Lander |
USSR |
Success/Failure |
Occultation experiment produced data and Lander failure on descent |
| 1973 |
Mars 7 Lander |
USSR |
Failure |
Missed planet; now in solar orbit. |
| 1975 |
Viking 1 Orbiter/Lander |
US |
Success |
Located landing site for Lander and first successful landing on Mars |
| 1975 |
Viking 2 Orbiter/Lander |
US |
Success |
Returned 16,000 images and extensive atmospheric data and soil experiments |
| 1988 |
Phobos 1 Orbiter |
USSR |
Failure |
Lost en route to Mars |
| 1988 |
Phobos 2 Orbiter/Lander |
USSR |
Failure |
Lost near Phobos |
| 1992 |
Mars Observer |
US |
Failure |
Lost prior to Mars arrival |
| 1996 |
Mars Global Surveyor |
US |
Success |
More images than all Mars Missions |
| 1996 |
Mars 96 |
USSR |
Failure |
Launch vehicle failure |
| 1996 |
Mars Pathfinder |
US |
Success |
Technology experiment lasting 5 times longer than warranty |
| 1998 |
Nozomi |
Japan |
Failure |
No orbit insertion; fuel problems |
| 1998 |
Mars Climate Orbiter |
US |
Failure |
Lost on arrival |
| 1999 |
Mars Polar Lander |
US |
Failure |
Lost on arrival |
| 1999 |
Deep Space 2 Probes (2) |
US |
Failure |
Lost on arrival (carried on Mars Polar Lander) |
| 2001 |
Mars Odyssey |
US |
Success |
High resolution images of Mars |
| 2003 |
Mars Express Orbiter/Beagle 2 Lander |
ESA |
Success/Failure |
Orbiter imaging Mars in detail and lander lost on arrival |
| 2003 |
Mars Exploration Rover - Spirit |
US |
Success |
Operating lifetime of more than 15 times original warranty |
| 2003 |
Mars Exploration Rover - Opportunity |
US |
Success |
Operating lifetime of more than 15 times original warranty |
| 2005 |
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter |
US |
Success |
Returned more than 26 terabits of data (more than all other Mars missions combined) |
| 2007 |
Phoenix Mars Lander |
US |
Success |
Returned more than 25 gigabits of data |
