110 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. APRIL, 1893.
Fort Smith Ark ................ Little Bock: Ark ................ dciMaurf Bivsy. Fort Buford, N. Dak ............ Pierre 8. Dak ................... Bioax bit Iowa. ................ o m d q I& .....................
h i n t Paul Minn ................. L. Grosse'wis t ................. Dnbuque,\owa. .................. Davenport Iowa ................. Kemkuk Ikwa ................... Hlnnlbsi Mo .................... @+nt Lodin. Mo. ................. O.lro, 111 ......................... Memphis Tenn .................. Vicksburi Mirr. ................ New Orleskr La$ ................ OXIO Alwr. P.rkers+r W Va ..............
haisrille' ICY ................... aol;nasrlcmadEiwr. Nuhrille Tenn ................. !jbKdm Bwr. Qluttsnooga, Tenn.. ............. dlonOy/ab& Riwr. P i t t a b u r e .. .................
Karmas C !i i i ,.. ......
Cincinnati 8 h i i .................
nah Biwr.
nel-shaped cloud formed 5 miles -southeast of Ponca, Okla.,
and moved southeaat to a point 11 miles southeast of Ponca, where 6 pereons and a quantity of stock were killed. Heavy
rain on the 28th and 29th damaged farms about Lebanon, Mo. Heavy hail damaged fruit, etc., about Saint Charles, Mo. A t Hannibal, Mo., hail fell from 11.20 to 11.25 a.m., and the hail was followed by a northeast gale. Damage by hail .was reported at Farmland and Muncie, Ind. A thunder
and hail storm occurred at Plant City, Fla., in the evening. S8th.-A heavy gust of wind, with thunder, sharp light- ning, and rain occurred at Norfolk, Ba., in the evening. Near
Berkeley, Va., 2 children were killed by lightning. In the early morning a house in Cincinnati, Ohio, was struck by lightning. A stable was struck by lightning in Saint Louis,
Mo. Six persons were drowned and property was destroyed
23.0
. 14-0 .......
18.7
2:
::::
:::
14.0
11.8
16.0 15.0
30.0
4-0
13.0
38.0 45.0
40.0
33.0
29.0
24.0
wilkmettaBiwr.
................ 15.0 nna Bivw.
................... 17.0
Montgomer Ala ................ 48.0
Lynchburg. Va .................. 18.0
Red Bluft, Col.................. .......... &cramento, Cal .........................
JI mnu Blw.
&Icl.mMlio law.
by flood near Winslow, Ark. During the 29th and 30th a
heavy snowstorm prevailed in Millard, Beaver, and Iron counties, Utah.
80th.-A thunderstorm, with rain and hail, moved muth- east over Wheeling, W. Vu., at 5.15 p. m. A thunderstorm, with heavy rain, occurred at Cincinnati, Ohio, in the evening ;
great damage was caused by flood in the Mill Creek and Miami valleys. At Wyoming, near Cincinnati, a church steeple was demolished by lightning. A destructive storm was reported near Annapolis, Ohio. Late in the afternoon a
violent thunderstorm moved from the southwest over Louis- ville, Ky. At 6.30 p. m. the wind reached an extreme velocity of 54 miles per hour. A destructive storm, with rain and hail, visited Eola, La., at 9 p. m., demolishing houses, uproot- ing trees, and damaging crops.
19.9
13.1
....... 15.4
:%::
12.4
10.5
14.6
12.2
' 29.0
43.7
13.8
24.4 42.8
15.7
24.8
;::g
$3
12.1
18.1
10.4
10.9
11.2
6.0
zr.4 25. 2
- -
INLAND NAVIGATION.
STAQE OF WATER IN RNERS.
The following table shows the danger-points at the various river stations ; the highest and lowest stag;es for the month, with the dates of occurrence ; and the monthly ranges :
Ecigbta fl rivars above low-water mark,
' C
I ss 1 Highest water.
For 24 days.
Date.
I
30 30
7
........... TI
I2
14
30 8s9
23. Y Y
=%a9130 30 30 23, Y
30
30
I, 2
24 30
P
17
15
22
22
4-6
23
21
28
6
8
pril, 1898.
Lowest water.
-
Leigh1
phd.
-
12. I
2.9 6.6
7- 9
6.6
7. I
9. I
7.3 7-4 6.2
5.5 7-6 9.0 15.9 13.9 17.4
30.0 10.0
8. 2
15.6
7.0
5.8
4.8
5.5
6. I
6- 4
5- 2
4.7
0.8
6.5 23.3
......
t For 18 days.
: Carnoliten Guge readings from 4 i t o 3ott1, inilusi
FLOODS.
Date.
17-19
14 I1
12~13
1 1 28
.......... I
2
I
I
3 I, 2
4 5 79 8 16
12, I3
17 18, za 21
IO
a 7
5s 6
I3
I
20
18, I9
30
14
16
2@2I
22
- k c
Z &
O E
I
F6St.
7.3
21.3
'3.3
5- 2
8.8 8.0
9.0
5.1 3. I
8.4 6.7 6. I
6.8 13. I
'9.8
15.5 IO. 8
3.8
16. 2
r l .2
8.7
19.0
7.3
12.6
7.0
4- 0
5.7
6- 5
5'2
14.9 1.9
-
.....
-
On the 10th the Missouri Riverzeached 16.7 feet at Sioux City, Iowa, damaging the construction work of the Pacific Short Line Bridge to the extent of $6,000. Disastrous over-
flows of streams were reported in Minnesota and North Da- kota. From the 28th to the 30th the Arkansas River rose rapidly at Fort Smith, Ark., and bottom lands in that section
were submerged. At the close of the month the Mississippi
River was high and rising rapidly throughout its course. The Ohio, Wabash, and Arkansas rivers were also rising rapidly.
ICE IN RIVERS AND HARBORS AND OPENINQ OF NAVIQATION.
Navigation opened at Charlotte, N. Y., on the let, at Oswego, N. Y., on the Sth, and at Buffalo, N. Y., on the 15th. Navigation between Sandusky, Ohio, and Detroit, Mich., opened on the 10th. A steamer from Detroit arrived at Port Huron, Mich., on the lst, opening navigation on the Saint Clair River. On the 3d a steamer left Port Huron for Sand Beach, opening navigation to that point. On the 9th a steamer ar- rived at Port Huron from Oscoda, Mich. ; this wm the first arrival of the season from a northern port. The first through
boat of the season from Chicago, Ill., arrived a t Port Huron on the 18th. On the 2d the river and bay a t Alpena,Mich., were free from ice, At Bault Ste. Marie, Mich., ferryboats began runbing on the 18th. The boats landed at the lower dock, the upper dock being obstructed by ice. On the 28th ice moved from Mud Lake and Whitefish Point, leaving the river a t Sault
Ste. Marie free from ice. On the 29th a tug arrived at Sault Ste. Marie from Port Huron, opening navigation. On the 29th and 30th the river at Sault Ste. Marie was full of floating ice.
Navigation opened at Manistee, Mich., on the 1st. High wind on the 12th cleared the Straits of ice at Cheyboygan, Mich., and a schooner sailed for Drumnionds Island ; this was the first departure of the season. On the 18th a steamer from Detroit arrived at Cheboygan ; this was the first arrival of the season. The harbor was reported clear of ice and navi-
gation opened at Ludington, Mich., on the 7th. On the 18th
R steamer from Chicago, bound for Buffalo, passed through the Straits of Mackinac. Considerable drift ice was encoun- tered. The first boat of the season, excepting the regular winter-line boats, arrived at Grand Haven, Mich., on the 4t.h.
A t Green Bay, Wis., ice in the river was melting rapidly on the 2d, with spaces of clear water ; 8d, river clear of ice, ex- cept near the shore; 13th, bay clear of ice; 17th, the first departure of the season; and Mth, the first arrival of the
xmson. Navigation opened at Milwaukee, Wis., on the 13th, and at Chicago, Ill., on the 17th. Ice went out of Lake Chaniplain at Burlington, Vt., on the 13th, and navigation at that port was resumed on the 17th. The Lake was reported clear of ice from Whitehall to Rouses Point on the 26th. The Kennebec River opened at Gardiner,
Me., on the 12th. Navigation opened on the upper Saint Law- rence River by the 13th. The Fox River, Wisconsin, opened to the bay on the 3d, and the first steamer of the season passed through the locks on the 9th. Ice passed out of the Saint
Croix River, Wisconsin, on the 10th. On the 26th the first
APRIL, 1893. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 111
~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~
steamer of the mamn passed up the Saint Croix River at
Hudson, Wis. Ice in the Red River of the North began to move at Grand Forks, N. Dak., on the 19th, and navigation
opened at that point on the 26th. Ice ran out of the Minne- sota River at Granite Falls, Minn., on the 6th. Mbabmppi River.-At Minneapolis, Minn., ice was passing out of the river on the 2d ; 3d, river rising and nearly clear of ice; Sth, a boom 5 miles above the city gave way, and large quantities of ice and logs passed Minneapolis. At Saint Paul, Minn., ice passed out on the 2d, and on the 30th
the first boat of the season from Saint Louis, Mo., arrived. A t Red Wing, Minn., ice was moving on the 2d; 3d, ice on Lake Pepin reported unsafe for teams ; 6th, river clear of ice, and ferryboats resumed trips ; 26th, the first raft boat of the
season passed down the river ; 28th, the first up river boat of
the seaaon passed Red Wing. The river was clear of ice at Saint Cloud, Minn., on the 16th. A t La Crosse, Wis., ice began to move on the 2d ; 4th, river nearly clear of ice and rising rapidly; the first boat of the season passed through the bridge ; 7th, the first boat of the season for up river ports arrived. Missouri River.-On the 1st the river was high and rising and the ice very rotten at Fort Buford, N. Dak. ; 2d, ice gorge opposite the Post broke, and ice ran out rapidly. Ice broke and navigation opened at Bismarck, N. Dak., on the 3d. Ice broke at Pierre, S. Dak., on the 1st; 2d to loth, running ice; 17th, a stearner passed up the river ; 28th, the first steamer of the season from Bismarck, arrived.
ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY.
THUNDERSTORMS.
Description of the more severe thunderstorms reported foi
the month is given under " Local storms."
Thunderstorms were reported as follows : East of the Rocky
Mountains they were reported in the greatest number of states:
21, on the 3d, 6th, and 8th ; in 16 to 20 on the 4th, 5th, 7th:
9th to 14th, 18th, 19th, 3Oth, 26th, 26th, 28th, 29th, and 30th ;
in 10 to 14 on the 2d, 15th, 17th, 24th, and 37th ; and in 6 ta
9 on the lst, 15th, 21st, 23d, and 23d. There were no datee on which thunderstorms were not reported. East of the Rocky Mountains thunderstorms were reported on the greatest number of dates, 26, in Illinois ; on 30 to 25
in Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, and Texas; on 15 to 19 in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia; on 10 to 14 in Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin ;
on 5 to 9 in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Okla- homa, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Vermont; and on
one to 4 in Delaware, District of Columbia, Indian Territory, Maine, New Hampshire, North Dakota, and Rhode Island. West of the Rocky Mountains thunderstorms were reported in California on the 6th, 9th, 22d, and 27th ; in Colorado on the llth, Mth, 224 25th, %th, and 29th; in Idaho on the 22d; in Nevada on the 22d, 23d, and 30th; in New Mexico
on the 30th ; in Utah on the 22d to 86th, 29th, and 30th ; in
Washington on the 3d, 5th, 16th, 22d, and 26th ; in Wyoming
on the 6th and 7th. In states and territories other than those named no thunderstornis were reported.
AURORAS.
Auroras were reported as follows: 3d, Turin, N. Y. 4th, South Canistoe, N. Y. 5th, Camp Dennison, Ohio. 6th, East-
port and Lewiston, Me., 7th, Ada, Minn.; Ericson, Nebr. 8th, Blue Hill, Maee. 9th, Valley Junction, Wis. llth, Storre, Conn. ; Bar Harbor, Cornish, Eastport, Gardiner, Houlton, Lewiston, and Presque Isle, Me. ; North Billerica and Royalston, Mass ; Ada, Minn. ; Hanover, Lancaster, New- ton, and Plymouth, N. H. ; Chelsea, Northfield, and Norwich, Vt.; Sparta, Wis. 13th, Eastport and Houlton, Me.; Bar Harbor and Concord, Mass.; Littleton, N. H. 13th, Cald- well, Mic.h.; New Brunswick, N. J.; Baldwinsville, N. Y.;
Manitowoc, Wis. 14th, Greenhorn, Colo.; Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.; Clear Lake and Fergus Falls, Minn.; Mayville,
N. Dak. 15th, Greenhorn, Colo. ; Concord, Mass. 16th, Col- legeville, Minn. ; Medford, Wie. 17th, Collegeville, Minn.
18th, Cornish, Me.; Turin, N. Y.; Chelsea, Vt. 19th, Cor- nish, East Machine, and Easton, Me. ; Hanover and Plymouth, N. H.; Turin, N. Y.; Chelsea, Vt. 20th, Seymour, Ind.; Mayfield, Me. 22d, Greenhorn, 0010.; Lowell, Ohio. 234 Mayville, N. Dak. 24th, Tome River, N. J. 25th, Pioche, Nev. ; Keokuk Falls, Okla. SGth, Eastport, Houlton, Gardi- ner, and Lewiston, Me.; Turlington, Nebr.; Chelsea, Vt. 28th, Worthington, Ind. ; Boon, Mich. ; Willmar, Minn.
- -
STATE WEATHER SERVICES.
[Temperature in degrcur Fahrenheit; preeipitation, including melted mow, in inchcs and hundredha.]
The following extracts and summaries are republished from reports for April, 1893, of the directors of the varione
state weather services : -
ALABAMA.
Tcmpmiure.-The mean was 8.8 above the normal; maximum, 90. at Newburg, 5th; minimum, 32, at Newburg, 22d and 24th; greatest monthly ran #&ipitdim.-The avera e was 1.07 below the normal; greatest monthly, 9.96, at Florencej leaat mon&y, 0.88, at Greensboro. W$nd.-Prevruling direction, south.- P. H. Mell, Ob~erver, Weather Bu- reau, Auburn, director.
58, at Newburg; least monthly range, 82, at Daphne.
ARIZONA.
Tmper&re.-The mean was 1.5 above the normal; maximum, 102, at Palomas, 21st; minimum, 16, at Whipple Barracks, 80th; greatest monthly ran #ka~tativn.-The ave was 0.60 felow the normal; greatest monthly, trace, at Tucson: least monry, 0.00 at all other stations. Wid-Prevailing direction, southwest.- W. B U J Y ~S , O b m e r , Wmther Bureau, Tucaon, director.
67, at Palomas; least monthly ran e, 41, at Fort Bowie.
ARKANSAS.
Temperature.-The mean was 1.7 above the normal; maximum, 94, at Hot Springs, 4th. and at Fort Smith, 6th; minimum, 29, at Keesees Ferry, 15th; r t e s t monthly range, 64, at Hot Springs; least monthly range, 43, at reeuville, Miss. Becipitotion.-The average was 2.65 above the normal; greatest monthly, 13.2% at. Rogers; leaat monthly, 8.64, at Fulton. W/nd.-Prevailing direction, south.-F. H. Clarke, Local F'orscaat OB- cial, Wdher B u m , Littk Rock, director.
CALIFOBNIA.
Temperature.-The mean was 3.4 below the normal: maximum, 106, at Volcano Springa, 21st; minimum, 10, at Cisco, 7th; greatest monthly range, 64, at Tulare and Pasadena; least monthly range, 19, at Point Lobos. fiedp'tdim.-The average waa 0.80 below the normal; freatest monthly, 13.12, at Crescent City; lea& monthly, 0.00, at a number o stations in the southern part of the state.