The following ASCII file contains the text and tables (but not the figures) included in the report: SPENCER, N.E., WOODWORTH, P.L. & PUGH, D.T. 1988 Ancillary time series of mean sea level measurements. Bidston, Birkenhead: Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. 69pp. & appendices. Copies of the report may still be obtained by contacting the PSMSL. =========================================================================== ANCILLARY TIME SERIES OF MEAN SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTS By N.E.Spencer, P.L.Woodworth and D.T.Pugh In January 1987 the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) published a report (Pugh et al. 1987) summarising its data holdings of monthly and annual mean values of sea level at 1243 stations worldwide. This dataset is used by a wide range of researchers in the fields of oceanography, climatology, geology and geodesy and is constantly being updated. Normally, the PSMSL applies a set of selection criteria before mean values of sea level are included in its databank. These criteria are designed to reject data which are not measured relative to reliably-recorded benchmarks on land or which are obtained from temporary installations (i.e. of only a few months). In addition, the PSMSL requires monthly mean values to be available before including the corresponding annual mean values into its databank. This latter criteria results from a decision by the PSMSL several years ago to databank sea level changes on monthly as well as annual timescales, primarily for oceanographic research purposes, together with the intention of exercising a certain amount of quality control on the global dataset over longer timescales by means of a watch for large datum shifts or other errors from month to month. The standard PSMSL dataset inevitably, therefore, does not include all the available global mean sea level data. The intention of the present report is to record an assessment of the quantity of sea level data which is available for analysis, in addition to that included in the PSMSL databank. To a great extent we have asked ourselves the question 'If one were to study secular changes of global mean sea level, from which sources could one extract data?'. In brief, we have found there to be two sources additional to the standard PSMSL dataset: (1) Compilations of annual mean values, without corresponding monthly means, obtained from national sea level authorities by the PSMSL and published as Publications Scientifiques of the International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO). Largely these have become 'forgotten data' and have not been included in recent global mean sea level secular trend analyses such as those of Barnett (1983,1984) or Gornitz et al. (1982) although they are included in Pirazzoli (1986). and (2) Tabulated time series of mean sea level published by other authors in the scientific literature. These include values of annual mean sea level, without corresponding monthly means, made available since the publication format of the Publications Scientifiques was discontinued by the PSMSL. With the very old data, datum control is only very approximate and care has to be taken if such data are to be included in any analysis. We have chosen not to include in this compilation tabulations of composite sea level or 'global' or 'regional-average' time series. Clearly this list could, in principle, be extended considerably further. However, we shall concern ourselves only with sea level measurements from coastal and island locations and omit values from river gauges or inland lakes (including the Caspian Sea). Furthermore, we shall not consider the short recordings from pelagic bottom pressure recorders; a compilation of most measurement locations and research institutes engaged in this area of work can be found in two IAPSO volumes (Cartwright et al. 1979, Cartwright and Zetler 1985) which detail tidal constants obtained by this technique. Section 1 of this report is essentially a reproduction of the annual-only mean sea level values from the seven Publications Scientifiques produced by the PSMSL some years ago. These publications are rather difficult to read, containing many errata to data in previous issues, and the opportunity has been taken here of reproducing a definitive set of annual-only mean sea level values from the seven volumes. As shorthand, we refer to 'P.S.A.', 'P.S.B.' etc. where P.S.A. is Publication Scientifique No. 5 published in 1940 P.S.B. is Publication Scientifique No.10 published in 1950 P.S.C. is Publication Scientifique No.12 published in 1953 P.S.D. is Publication Scientifique No.19 published in 1958 P.S.E. is Publication Scientifique No.20 published in 1959 P.S.F. is Publication Scientifique No.24 published in 1963 P.S.G. is Publication Scientifique No.26 published in 1968 Following the name of each sea level station, the first set of brackets encloses the station latitude and longitude. The locations given are those stated in the Publications Scientifiques. However, these may differ slightly from those currently stored by the PSMSL. If the same or a nearby station has monthly and annual values of mean sea level in the PSMSL dataset, then the second set of brackets encloses the country/station code, the years for which data are stored, and the years of data in the 'Revised Local Reference (RLR)' dataset (from Pugh et al. 1987). It is only the measurements from the RLR dataset which can be used to construct connected time series of mean sea level changes. In a small number of cases more than one PSMSL record is available from the same location. Information is also given on the authorities from which the data were obtained, the datum to which the measurements were made and the observation frequency. (All details, particularly about benchmarks, have not been copied over from the original Publications Scientifiques). At the end of the station information section, the data themselves are presented. All values are given in millimetres with greater relative sea level defined as a larger positive number. In many cases the data from one issue of the Publications Scientifiques correct those quoted in previous issues. Furthermore, the values of Table C of P.S.E. and of P.S.F. which were shown expressed in centimetres should have been given as in metres. All annual-only mean data from the Publications Scientifiques are included for the sake of completeness. In some cases, however, there are obvious unrecorded datum shifts which make those records of doubtful utility for time series analysis. Necessary additional information is included in the 'Notes' section. Section 2 provides information on the datum relationships between the measurements of Section 1 and those stored in the PSMSL RLR dataset, where such historical relationships are known. In several cases, the datum connections allow long continuous time series of mean sea level to be constructed which should be of great value in secular trend analyses. Secular trends of relative sea level change are computed for these records. Time series of Section 1, which are not included in Section 2, can also potentially be used in analyses of secular trends of mean sea level. However, they have to be employed with great care as their measurement datums cannot be formally connected to any corresponding datum of a record in the PSMSL RLR dataset. Section 3 comprises a bibliography of time series of mean sea level, additional to those of the PSMSL, given in the published papers of several different authors. We have required each publication to give a tabulation of mean sea level measurements, rather than just time series plots alone, and have disregarded regional or global composite time series. We realise that such a compilation will inevitably be incomplete, and we would be grateful to receive information on other publications which should be included. One of the purposes of this report is to stimulate interest in the proper archiving and availability of all sea level data. All mean sea level tabulations should, in principle, be included in future versions of either this report or of the PSMSL 'Data Holdings' report. Requests for copies of the publications should in the first instance be addressed to the original authors. However, in cases of difficulty the PSMSL should be able to provide copies of the relevant tabulations. Address for Further Information ------------------------------- The PSMSL will be pleased to provide copies of this report on floppy disc or magnetic tape (as a means of data exchange) to any organisation or individual interested in analysing sea level changes. It should be contacted at: Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level Bidston Observatory Birkenhead Merseyside L43 7RA United Kingdom or Telephone: (UK) 51-653-8633 or Telex: 628591 OCEANB G or Fax: (UK) 51-653-6269 or Omnet/Telemail: PSMSL.POL Acknowledgements ---------------- We have to record our indebtedness to the compilers of the volumes of the Publications Scientifiques on whose efforts Section 1 has been based, and to the authors listed in Section 3 for sending us copies of their publications. This report originated as part of a study of European and global sea levels at Bidston Observatory partly funded by the Commission of the European Communities. The PSMSL is supported under the auspices of the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services and by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Partial funding is provided by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council. PSMSL, June 1988 References ---------- Barnett, T.P. (1983) Recent changes in sea level and their possible causes. Climatic Change, 5, 15-38. Barnett, T.P. (1984) The estimation of 'global' sea level change: a problem of uniqueness. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, C5, 7980-7988. Cartwright, D.E., Zetler, B.D. and Hamon, B.V. (1979) Pelagic tidal constants. IAPSO Publication Scientifique No.30. Cartwright, D.E. and Zetler, B.D. (1985) Pelagic tidal constants 2. IAPSO Publication Scientifique No.33. Gornitz, V., Lebedeff, L. and Hansen, J. (1982) Global sea level trend in the past century. Science, 215 (4540), 1611-1614. Pirazzoli, P.A. (1986) Secular trends of relative sea level (RSL) changes indicated by tide-gauge records. Journal of Coastal Research, SI1, 1-26. Pugh, D.T., Spencer, N.E. and Woodworth, P.L. (1987) Data holdings of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. Published by the PSMSL. SECTION 1 ANNUAL-ONLY MEAN SEA LEVELS FROM THE PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES NORWAY Information for - VARDO (70 22N, 31 06E) (040/001 1947-65, all in RLR) (040/002 1880-85) KABELVAAG (68 13N, 14 30E) (040/091 1880-85 1948-83, RLR 1948-83) BODO (67 17N, 14 24E) (040/101 1949-70 1972-73, RLR 1949-67 1969-70 1972-73) BERGEN (60 24N, 05 18E) (040/221 1883-89 1928-40 1944 1946-73, all in RLR) STAVANGER (58 58N, 05 44E) (040/261 1881-85 1928-39 1949-73, all in RLR) OSCARSBORG (59 41N, 10 37E) (040/331 1872-82 1953-56 1959-69 1971-73, all in RLR) OSLO (59 54N, 10 45E) (040/321 1885-90 1928-73, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Norsk Gradmalings-Kommission, Kristiana Datum : '0.0 cm relative to B.M.' Observation: hourly Data - STATION PERIOD MEAN VARDO 1891 April 1 - 1892 April 4 1430 KABELVAAG 1889 Feb. 7 - 1890 Feb. 10 83 BODO 1896 June 1 - 1897 June 4 -1123 1900 Jan. 1 - 1901 Jan. 4 (-1334) BERGEN 1884 Dec. 27 - 1885 Dec. 30 92 1893 Dec. 1 - 1894 Dec. 4 74 STAVANGER 1899 April 1 - 1900 April 4 152 1900 July 1 - 1901 July 4 146 OSCARSBORG 1884 Jan. 1 - 1885 Jan. 3 -172 OSLO 1892 July 1 - 1893 July 4 106 Notes - ( ) indicates the mean value has been calculated from an incomplete series of observations. SWEDEN Information for - NEDRE STOCKHOLM (59 19N, 18 05E) (050/141 1889-1981, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : 1825-1927, 1928-32 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : relative to levelling system for 1825-1927; unspecified for 1928-32 Observation: once per day MEM (58 29N, 16 25E) (050/101 1887-1925) P.S.A.: Period : 1864-86 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Datum : unspecified Observation: once per week MALMO (55 37N, 13 00E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1902-27 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : relative to levelling system Observation: once per day AHUS (55 55N, 14 18E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1903-27 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day Information for KALMAR (56 40N, 16 22E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1903-27 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day VISBY (57 39N, 18 18E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1916-27 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day VASTERVIK (57 46N, 16 39E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1896-1927 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day LULEA (65 32N, 22 11E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1912-27 Authorities: K.Nautisk- Meteorologiska Bryan, Stockholm Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day Data - NEDRE NEDRE YEAR STOCKHOLM YEAR MEM STOCKHOLM 1825 (4320) 1861 .. 4070 1826 (4120) 1862 .. 4000 1827 (4150) 1863 .. 4160 1828 (4190) 1864 3920 4040 1829 (4090) 1865 3870 3990 1830 (4120) 1866 4000 4100 1831 (4070) 1867 3980 4060 1832 (4200) 1868 4010 4080 1833 (4140) 1869 4010 4100 1834 (4290) 1870 3920 3990 1835 (4240) 1871 3880 3950 1836 (4290) 1872 3890 3970 1837 (4240) 1873 3980 4070 1838 (4170) 1874 4030 4070 1839 (4160) 1875 3820 3820 1840 (4120) 1876 3920 3900 1841 (4070) 1877 3980 3960 1842 (4070) 1878 4000 4000 1843 (4120) 1879 3910 3920 1844 (4150) 1880 3970 3950 1845 (4070) 1881 3910 3910 1846 4090 1882 3920i 3890 1847 4040 1883 3900i 3880 1848 4050 1884 3920 3900 1849 4090 1885 3870 3880 1850 4080 1886 3820 3820 1851 4110 1887 .. 3910 1852 4080 1888 .. 3840 1853 4010 1889 .. 3860 1854 4130 1890 .. 3920 1855 4020 1891 .. 3840 1856 4070 1892 .. 3870 1857 3980 1893 .. 3930 1858 4080 1894 .. 3890 1859 4110 1895 .. 3880 1860 4030 NEDRE VASTER- YEAR STOCKHOLM MALMO AHUS KALMAR VISBY VIK LULEA .. 1896 3870 .. .. .. .. 5940 .. 1897 3840 .. .. .. .. 5917 .. 1898 3950 .. .. .. .. 6003 .. 1899 4010 .. .. .. .. 6098 .. 1900 3830 .. .. .. .. 5957 .. 1901 3770 .. .. .. .. 5897 .. 1902 3830 1046 .. .. .. 5947 .. 1903 3960 1130 2135 4100 .. 6064 .. 1904 3820 1042 2026 4000 .. 5946 .. 1905 3870 1075 2068 4058 .. 5971 .. 1906 3870 1075 .. 4060 .. 5981 .. 1907 3840 1064 2033 4022 .. 5946 .. 1908 3760 1027 .. 3972 .. 5896 .. 1909 3820 1071 .. 4005 .. 5941 .. 1910 3830 1065 .. 4012 .. 5948 .. 1911 3850 1104 .. 4068 .. 5986 .. 1912 3840 1117 .. 4045 .. 5978 7823 1913 3880 1145 2104 4103 .. 6025 7859 1914 3830 1144 2050 4050 .. 5980 7886 1915 3760 1073 2016 3982 .. 5924 7761 1916 3790 1114 2019 3998 2010 5957 7753 1917 3770 1082 .. 3981 2010 5940 7753 1918 3760 1075 .. 3953 2000 5936 7754 1919 3740 1052 1976 3957 1970 5920 7777 1920 3740 1067 1989 3928 1940 5901 7771 1921 3850 1150 2062 4046 2080 6012 7854 1922 3810 1117 2049 4035 2030 5975 7678 1923 3840 1135 2071 4033 2070 5992 7823 1924 3760 1087 2012 3943 1970 5911 7743 1925 3830 1138 .. 4036 2060 5995 7792 1926 3770 1100 2046 3988 1990 5937 7675 1927 3840 1119 2055 4013 2020 5983 7705 ---- 1928 3740 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1929 3710 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1930 3700 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1931 3720 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1932 3750 .. .. .. .. .. .. Notes - ( ) indicates the mean value has been calculated from an incomplete series of observations 'i' indicates the mean values have been obtained by interpolation or inference The Publications Scientifiques claim that Nedre Stockholm data from 1928 are from a different source to prior to 1928. For a more complete treatment of Stockholm data, see the reports by Ekman in Section 3. In particular, note that prior to 1889 (the start of the PSMSL record) measurements were not made by self-recording tide gauge. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Information for - WISMAR (53 54N, 11 28E) (120/021 1882-1944 1946-51 1953-56 1958-60 1962-64 1966-68 1970-80) P.S.A.: Period : 1849-81 Authority : Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgisches Ministerium des Innern. Datum : unspecified Observation: at hours 6,7,8,...,19,20 for 1849-58 at hours 8,12,16,20 for 1859-81 WARNEMUNDE (54 11N, 12 05E) (120/011 1882-1944 1946-49 1951-53 1955-60 1962-76 1978-80) P.S.A.: Period : 1856-81 Authority : Grossherzoglich Mecklenburgisches Ministerium des Innern. Datum : unspecified Observation: once per day for 1856-70 at hours 12,18 for 1870-81 Data - YEAR WISMAR WARNEMUNDE 1849 131.2 .. 1850 103.1 .. 1851 138.2 .. 1852 61.3 .. 1853 91.2 .. 1854 119.7 .. 1855 88.5 .. 1856 118.0 1125.2 1857 56.0 1049.7 1858 61.1 1068.8 1859 74.2 1082.6 1860 47.1 1066.0 1861 87.3 1102.3 1862 48.4 1059.5 1863 88.6 1105.0 1864 83.1 1097.0 1865 68.1 1058.3 1866 82.1 1119.4 1867 168.4 1185.3 1868 157.8 1183.7 1869 119.5 1149.0 1870 93.4 1103.8 1871 87.7 1093.3 1872 55.0 1090.7 1873 98.3 1135.1 1874 141.0 1183.4 1875 77.8 1100.5 1876 111.3 1144.1 1877 124.9 1170.0 1878 172.4 1218.7 1879 167.6 1202.3 1880 158.3 1186.3 1881 140.1 1180.0 BELGIUM Information for - OSTENDE (51 14N, 02 55E) (160/021 1937-38 1943-80, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : 1925-27 Authority : L'Administration de la Marine, Brussels Datum : 148cm relative to B.M. Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods Data - YEAR OSTENDE 1925 2306 1926 2306 1927 2282 UNITED KINGDOM Information for - WEST HARTLEPOOL (54 41N, 01 11E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1858-60 Authority : Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.) Datum : unspecified Observation: unspecified DOVER (51 07N, 01 19E) (170/111 1955-76 1978-83) P.S.A.: Period : 1883, 1884, 1910 Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.) Dover Harbour Board Datum : -8.67ft relative to levelling system Observation: once per hour PORTLAND (50 34N, 02 26W) (170/151 1923-24 1961-64) P.S.A.: Period : 1851, 1857, 1866, 1870 Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.) Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute Hydrographic Department of Admiralty, London Datum : -2.08ft relative to levelling system or -17.30ft relative to B.M. Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods HILBRE ISLAND (53 23N, 03 13W) (170/199 1959-71 1975-76 1980-81) P.S.A.: Period : 1858-67 Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.) Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Datum : -10.00ft relative to B.M. Observation: unspecified LIVERPOOL (53 25N, 03 00W) (170/211 1918 1920 1924 1930 1934-38 1943-56 1958-81) (170/213 1858-60 1863-67 1869-73 1878-79 1883-84 1886-96 1889-1901 1903-11) P.S.A.: Period : 1857-59, 1866-69 Authorities: Papers by Mr.E.Roberts (see P.S.A.) Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute Datum : -10.00ft relative to B.M. or -14.67ft relative to levelling system Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods BLYTH (55 07N, 01 29W) (170/049 1955-83) P.S.D.: Period : 1954-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1957-58 P.S.F.: Period : 1959-61 Authority : Blyth Harbour Commission Datum : 6.49ft below Ordnance Datum 1915-21 Observation: Mean Tide Level Data - WEST HILBRE YEAR HARTLEPOOL DOVER PORTLAND ISLAND LIVERPOOL 1851 .. .. 2157 .. .. 1857 .. 2135 .. *4486 1858 *3704 .. .. 4352 *4517 1859 *3649 .. .. 4393 *4520 1860 *3659 .. .. 4404 .. 1861 .. .. .. 4413 .. 1862 .. .. .. 4464 .. 1863 .. .. .. 4404 .. 1864 .. .. .. 4384 .. 1865 .. .. .. 4394 .. 1866 .. .. 2168 4428 *4541 1867 .. .. .. 4395 *4598 1868 .. .. .. .. *4721 1869 .. .. .. .. *4613 1870 .. .. 2129 .. .. 1883 .. 2793 .. .. .. 1884 .. 2777 .. .. .. 1910 .. 2541 .. .. .. YEAR BLYTH 1954 2266 1955 2281 1956 2253 1957 2304 1958 2298 1959 2287 1960 2285 1961 2327 Notes - '*' indicates period starts in year stated but ends in next FRANCE (ATLANTIC) Information for - DUNKERQUE (51 03N, 02 22E) (190/001 1942 1956-62 1964-83, all in RLR) P.S.D.: Period : 1923-40, 1948-55 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-59 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre CALAIS (50 58N, 01 51E) (190/011 1941-42 1965-83, all in RLR) P.S.D.: Period : 1932-34, 1936-40 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre BOULOGNE (50 44N, 01 35E) (190/021 1942 1973-82, RLR 1973-82) P.S.D.: Period : 1932-40, 1949-56 P.S.F.: Period : 1957 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre DIEPPE (49 56N, 01 05E) (190/031 1942 1954 1956-83, RLR 1954 1956-83) P.S.D.: Period : 1936-38, 1948, 1950-52, 1954 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre LE HAVRE (49 29N, 00 06E) (190/051 1941-42 1959-64 1971-80 1983, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : 1860-63, 1870-86 P.S.D.: Period : 1931-34, 1936-40, 1948-51, 1953-55 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-59 Authorities: Service du Nivellement General de la France in P.S.A. Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France also given as -602.4cm relative to B.M. in P.S.A. Observation: medimaremetre OUISTREHAM (49 17N, 00 05W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1932-34, 1936-44, 1947-48, 1950-51 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre LE CONQUET (48 22N, 04 47W) (190/089 1971-84, all in RLR) P.S.D.: Period : 1928-34, 1936-41, 1947-52, 1954-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.A. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre CHERBOURG (49 39N, 01 37W) (190/061 1942-44 196-63 1974-84, RLR 1974-84) P.S.A.: Period : 1860-84 P.S.D.: Period : 1891-1950 P.S.F.: Period : 1952-54, 1958-59 Authorities: Service du Nivellement General de la France in P.S.A. Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France also given as -490.3cm relative to B.M. in P.S.A. Observation: medimaremetre CAMERET (48 16N, 04 36W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1890-1927 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre QUIBERON (47 29N, 03 06W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1889-1917 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre LA PALLICE (46 10N, 01 13W) (190/121 1942 1956-63 1967-79, RLR 1956-63 1967-79) P.S.D.: Period : 1891-95, 1911-14, 1916-35, 1938-42, 1948-55 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre LES SABLES D'OLONNES (46 30N, 01 47W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1892-93, 1896-1910, 1912-21, 1923-45, 1948-49, 1953-56 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre ST.JEAN-DE-LUZ (43 24N, 01 41W) (190/141 1942-44 1960-82, all in RLR) P.S.D.: Period : 1890-1928, 1932-34, 1936-41, 1945-56 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre BIARRITZ (43 29N, 01 34W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1889-1904, 1906-23, 1925-42 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre Data - LE YEAR HAVRE 1860 4579 1861 4595 1862 4612 1863 4587 1870 4538 1871 4591 1872 4648 1873 4632 1874 4594 1875 4583 1876 4597 1877 4676 1878 4713 1879 4674 1880 4626 1881 4626 1882 4582 1883 4573 1884 4619 1885 4591 1886 4592 ---- YEAR CAMERET QUIBERON [1889 .. 90 [1890 -50 70 [1891 10 -150 [1892 30 -40 [1893 -10 -200 [1894 -20 -10 [1895 20 -40 [1896 -20 -70 [1897 0 80 [1898 -40 40 [1899 30 60 [1900 0 50 [1901 -30 -60 [1902 0 -20 [1903 10 100 [1904 -30 100 [1905 80 230 [1906 -60 -10 [1907 -20 -70 [1908 40 -200 [1909 20 90 [1910 60 110 [1911 60 110 [1912 120 160 [1913 180 20 [1914 0 40 [1915 70 40 [1916 160 150 [1917 -30 100 [1918 -20 .. [1919 -60 .. [1920 80 .. [1921 10 .. [1922 80 .. [1923 .. .. [1924 160 .. [1925 120 .. [1926 10 .. [1927 150 .. LE LE YEAR DUNKERQUE CALAIS BOULOGNE DIEPPE HAVRE OUISTREHAM CONQUET *1923 48 .. .. .. .. .. .. *1924 158 .. .. .. .. .. .. *1925 656 .. .. .. .. .. .. *1926 733 .. .. .. .. .. .. *1927 640 .. .. .. .. .. .. *1928 757 .. .. .. .. .. 174 *1929 -22 .. .. .. .. .. 46 *1930 71 .. .. .. .. .. 96 *1931 56 .. .. .. -27 .. 91 *1932 22 143 -4 .. -45 192 60 *1933 29 169 -57 .. -57 286 42 *1934 226 101 -55 .. -24 316 31 *1935 781 .. -39 .. .. .. .. *1936 467 144 114 124 275 102 20 1937 753# 107# 78# 177# 645# 116# 75# 1938 407# 219# 73# -60# 296 48# 9# 1939 400# 207# 11# .. -11# 90# 40# 1940 318# 190# 4# .. -24# 47# 5# 1941 .. .. .. .. .. 51# 13# 1942 .. .. .. .. .. 123# .. 1943 .. .. .. .. .. 88# .. 1944 .. .. .. .. .. -37# .. 1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1947 .. .. .. .. .. 145 385 1948 37 .. .. 40 59 187 465 1949 57 .. 54 .. -108 .. 255 1950 131 .. -4 131 -177 271 357 1951 170 .. -45 180 -142 106 283 1952 197 .. 134 113 .. .. 209 1953 125 .. 57 .. 92 .. .. 1954 72 .. 139 -24 16 .. 160 1955 25 .. 178 .. 109 .. 214 1956 62+ .. 51 .. 119 .. 96 1957 42& .. 116& .. 215 .. 116& 1958 60& .. .. .. 226& .. 54 1959 7 .. .. .. 272 .. 140 ST. JEAN LA LES SABLES YEAR DE LUZ BIARRITZ PALLICE D'OLONNE CHERBOURG 1860 .. .. .. .. 3581 1861 .. .. .. .. 3616 1862 .. .. .. .. 3592 1863 .. .. .. .. 3603 1864 .. .. .. .. 3598 1865 .. .. .. .. 3604 1866 .. .. .. .. 3630 1867 .. .. .. .. 3635 1868 .. .. .. .. 3622 1869 .. .. .. .. 3606 1870 .. .. .. .. 3587 1871 .. .. .. .. 3565 1872 .. .. .. .. 3619 1873 .. .. .. .. 3600 1874 .. .. .. .. 3558 1875 .. .. .. .. 3610 1876 .. .. .. .. 3624 1877 .. .. .. .. 3660 1878 .. .. .. .. 3618 1879 .. .. .. .. 3626 1880 .. .. .. .. 3641 1881 .. .. .. .. 3630 1882 .. .. .. .. 3621 1883 .. .. .. .. 3608 1884 .. .. .. .. 3622 ---- 1885 .. .. .. .. .. 1886 .. .. .. .. .. 1887 .. .. .. .. .. 1888 .. .. .. .. .. 1889 .. 172* .. .. .. *1890 149 129 .. .. .. *1891 196 180 72 .. -36 *1892 208 243 97 30 -77 *1893 212 231 16 -28 -88 *1894 169 312 72 .. -97 *1895 206 290 117 .. -87 *1896 167 275 .. -28 -105 *1897 119 163 .. -7 -125 *1898 98 209 .. 6 -53 *1899 140 191 .. -34 -16 *1900 247 276 .. -68 -97 *1901 364 241 .. 27 -61 *1902 279 128 .. 2 -117 *1903 158 47 .. 48 -20 *1904 130 43 .. -6 -107 *1905 150 .. .. -66 -90 *1906 166 183 .. -17 -80 *1907 218 149 .. 5 -81 *1908 198 115 .. 30 -65 *1909 202 121 .. 65 -2 *1910 222 183 .. 16 85 *1911 212 141 134 .. 91 *1912 247 102 184 -4 74 *1913 237 110 468 -52 -89 *1914 232 229 501 198 50 *1915 213 217 .. 100 -86 *1916 292 250 180 97 -107 *1917 177 221 -191 100 -17 *1918 113 122 -152 47 -42 *1919 206 173 -221 77 -52 *1920 131 120 162 86 -25 *1921 146 166 159 37 -68 *1922 198 86 93 .. -98 *1923 216 181 323 39 -187 *1924 204 .. 119 180 -238 *1925 186 223 122 139 -253 *1926 64 195 183 88 -237 *1927 -9 148 152 36 -222 *1928 46 157 197 122 -126 *1929 .. 166 240 152 -93 *1930 .. 244 360 266 -123 *1931 .. 179 323 246 -278 *1932 401 128 258 55 -167 *1933 313 229 98 11 -77 *1934 170 219 148 34 -87 *1935 .. 144 106 2 19 *1936 204 199 .. 127 61 1937 150# 247# .. 115# 51# 1938 19# 117# 286# 67# -72# 1939 164# 116 223 118# -59# 1940 181# 251 403 85# -73# 1941 66# 315 499 61# -52# 1942 .. 277 449 49# -77# 1943 .. .. .. 43# -53# 1944 .. .. .. 5# -169# 1945 256# .. .. 93# 35 1946 201# .. .. .. 89 1947 392 .. .. .. 30 1948 293 .. 172 187 55 1949 183 .. 85 113 -94 1950 333 .. 118 .. -100 1951 378 .. 118 .. .. 1952 303 .. 90 .. 55 1953 269 .. -1 139 -94 1954 344 .. -116 165 -100 1955 423 .. -227 252 .. 1956 372 .. .. 210 .. 1957 407& .. .. .. .. 1958 .. .. .. .. -68& 1959 309 .. .. .. -116 Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre SPAIN Information for - CADIZ (36 30N, 06 12W) (220/001 1946-65) (220/002 1916-19 1976-78) P.S.A.: Period : 1880-98, 1900-19, 1921-23 Authorities: Instituto Geografico, Catastral y de Estadistica, Madrid Servicio Hidrografico, Instituto y Observatorio de Marina, San Fernando Datum : Levelling System Observation: unspecified ALICANTE (38 20N, 00 29W) (220/051 1916-20 1927-39 1943-46 1950-62 1964-69, RLR 1952-62 1964-69) (220/052 1960-78, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : 1874-1911, 1916-23, 1927-34 Authority : Instituto Geografico, Catastral y de Estadistica, Madrid Datum : Levelling System Observation: unspecified Data - YEAR CADIZ ALICANTE YEAR CADIZ ALICANTE 1874 .. -3420 1905 -3014 -3329 1875 .. -3424 1906 -2993 -3324 1876 .. -3395 1907 -2948 -3431 1877 .. -3405 1908 -3049 -3433 1878 .. -3398 1909 -3112 -3426 1879 .. -3387 1910 -3090 -3416 1880 -2928 -3368 1911 -3053 -3413 1881 -2993 -3403 1912 -3057 .. 1882 -3035 -3269 1913 -2973 .. 1883 -2985 -3253 1914 -2999 .. 1884 -2937 -3328 1915 -2975 .. 1885 -2982 -3380 1916 -2899 -3342 1886 -3043 -3400 1917 -2948 -3391 1887 -3001 -3370 1918 -2863 -3346 1888 -3006 -3387 1919 -2845 -3377 1889 -3102 -3360 1920 .. -3341 1890 -2977 -3330 1921 -2941 -3341 1891 -2986 -3306 1922 -2968 -3363 1892 -3022 -3407 1923 -2948 -3347 1893 -3018 -3358 1924 .. .. 1894 -2975 -3338 1925 .. .. 1895 -2951 -3397 1926 .. .. 1896 -2992 -3416 1927 .. -3376 1897 -2988 -3432 1928 .. -3389 1898 -2965 -3334 1929 .. -3416 1899 .. -3423 1930 .. -3389 1900 -2983 -3377 1931 .. -3371 1901 -2968 -3333 1932 .. -3385 1902 -3016 -3332 1933 .. -3385 1903 -3005 -3322 1934 .. -3387 1904 -3018 -3352 Notes - For 1874-1923 recording period starts in year stated but ends in next. Values for Alicante are given to an extra decimal place in P.S.A. P.S.A. contains information on number of days recording in each year. FRANCE (MEDITERRANEAN) Information for - PORT VENDRES (42 31N, 03 07E) (230/006 1978-83) P.S.D.: Period : 1888-1943, 1947-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre SETE (43 24N, 03 42E) (230/021 1960-61 1978-79) P.S.D.: Period : 1888-1933, 1937-43, 1947-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre PORT DE BOUC (43 24N, 04 59E) (230/031 1960-63 1978-83) P.S.D.: Period : 1894-1908, 1910-39, 1943-55 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre MARTIGUES (43 24N, 05 03E) (230/041 1960-63 1978-83) P.S.D.: Period : 1894-1956 P.S.F.: Period : 1957-58 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre MARSEILLE (43 18N, 05 21E) (230/051 1885-1936 1938-58 1960-63 1970-84, RLR 1885-1936 1938-58 1960-63) P.S.D.: Period : 1885-1956 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre LA CIOTAT (43 10N, 05 37E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1893-1942, 1948-52 Authority : Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre VILLEFRANCHE (43 42N, 07 20E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1913-33, 1936-55 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre NICE (43 41N, 07 17E) (230/081 1978-84) P.S.A.: Period : 1888-1909 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : Zero du nivellement general de la France Observation: medimaremetre Data - PORT PORT LA VILLE- YEAR VENDRES SETE DE BOUC MARTIGUES MARSEILLES CIOTAT FRANCHE NICE 1885 .. .. .. .. 11 .. .. .. 1886 .. .. .. .. 7 .. .. .. 1887 .. .. .. .. -2 .. .. .. 1888 -11* -1* .. .. 12 .. .. -60[ 1889 -19* -24* .. .. 2 .. .. -60[ *1890 -28 -43 .. .. -18 .. .. -80[ *1891 -14 -21 .. .. -6 .. .. -80[ *1892 3 -5 .. .. 20 .. .. -50[ *1893 0 -9 .. .. 13 64 .. -20[ *1894 -38 -57 1 -2 -15 16 .. -100[ *1895 30 22 2 28 49 66 .. -40[ *1896 -34 -37 -59 -10 1 20 .. -80[ *1897 -12 -23 -45 -3 8 44 .. -60[ *1898 -17 -2 1 29 29 40 .. -60[ *1899 -8 -15 8 5 33 21 .. -60[ *1900 21 5 51 24 66 76 .. -30[ *1901 1 -9 53 26 53 67 .. -40[ *1902 22 19 12 83 54 74 .. -20[ *1903 -3 -15 -48 17 26 46 .. -50[ *1904 7 29 -34 48 38 50 .. -40[ *1905 -28 -35 18 23 22 45 .. -60[ *1906 -14 -47 13 20 21 57 .. -50[ *1907 -27 -4 -43 30 15 21 .. -70[ *1908 -57 -54 -92 -4 2 -25 .. -80[ *1909 -35 -30 .. 15 14 3 .. -50[ *1910 8 -19 22 60 42 61 .. .. *1911 1 -16 -9 72 35 41 .. .. *1912 8 -14 -10 72 19 40 .. .. *1913 4 -10 -30 76 24 19 19 .. *1914 -15 -19 -53 66 24 15 -35 .. *1915 -21 12 39 106 58 64 -31 .. *1916 24 49 26 95 101 53 -20 .. *1917 13 13 -44 63 24 71 -40 .. *1918 12 -9 60 35 46 46 -32 .. *1919 11 -13 59 80 65 58 6 .. *1920 -1 -22 -3 3 43 38 -33 .. *1921 -16 -62 -35 33 29 45 -90 .. *1922 -27 -49 6 -1 50 12 -89 .. *1923 -31 -64 -4 28 30 -36 -3 .. *1924 0 -50 28 -18 34 3 -63 .. *1925 -10 33 5 32 28 19 -43 .. *1926 3 -66 -4 32 67 47 9 .. *1927 -10 -65 -12 1 77 105 23 .. *1928 17 -81 37 18 72 123 28 .. *1929 -2 -98 19 -21 31 82 9 .. *1930 46 -47 72 7 68 102 31 .. *1931 16 -47 61 34 51 95 16 .. *1932 14 -90 46 -32 45 110 -16 .. *1933 28 -57 64 -41 86 131 -2 .. *1934 -6 .. 131 37 72 103 .. .. *1935 11 .. 115 55 69 100 .. .. *1936 54 .. 151 129 105 143 81 .. 1937 100# 35# 152# 100# 123# 154# 49# .. 1938 120# -91# 107# 26# 34# 83# -77# .. 1939 141# -36# 35# -32# 94 126# 36# .. 1940 133# -54# .. -30# 93 124# -16# .. 1941 145# -47# .. -47# 96 131# -72# .. 1942 165# -34# .. -41# 88 138# -13# .. 1943 93# -38# 132# 10# 67 .. -3# .. 1944 .. .. 204# 55# 81 .. -54# .. 1945 .. .. 352# 9# 35 .. -70# .. 1946 .. .. 366# 36# 74 .. 57# .. 1947 75 40 500 79 96 .. 11 .. 1948 39 1 408 53 78 119 30 .. 1949 24 -9 235 -5 66 144 13 .. 1950 30 18 270 -10 70 98 12 .. 1951 95 53 296 43 220 134 50 .. 1952 48 33 260 11 220 82 20 .. 1953 36 -26 335 45 79 .. -26 .. 1954 30 -26 246 14 80 .. -12 .. 1955 106 29 66 -67 146 .. 21 .. 1956 23 -89 72+ 131 113 .. -14 .. 1957 30& -34& 124& 20 .. .. -30& .. 1958 62 -57 273 -147 .. .. .. .. 1959 79 24 162 .. .. .. .. .. Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre FRANCE (CORSICA) Information for - AJACCIO (41 55N, 08 44E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1912-37, 1948-49, 1951-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : 207.1cm below B.M. Observation: medimaremetre BONIFACIO (41 23N, 09 08E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1929-36, 1938-42, 1948-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Local Observation: medimaremetre BASTIA (42 41N, 09 26E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1912-34, 1938-43, 1948-55 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-58 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Local Observation: medimaremetre PROPRIANO (41 41N, 08 54E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1912-26 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris Datum : Local Observation: medimaremetre Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre 'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data Data - YEAR AJACCIO BONIFACIO BASTIA YEAR PROPRIANO *1912 267 .. 172 [1912 280u *1913 330 .. 170 [1913 320u *1914 297 .. 171 [1914 370u *1915 296 .. 237 [1915 350u *1916 292 .. 224 [1916 400u *1917 304 .. 206 [1917 280u *1918 281 .. 186 [1918 240u *1919 325 .. 219 [1919 .. *1920 270 .. 133 [1920 470 *1921 259 .. 92 [1921 430 *1922 265 .. 98 [1922 490 *1923 314 .. 214 [1923 470 *1924 300 .. 389 [1924 510 *1925 306 .. 445 [1925 400 *1926 292 .. 440 [1926 520 *1927 307 .. 403 *1928 280 .. 426 *1929 283 671 345 *1930 325 560 398 *1931 323 564 526 *1932 297 520 470 *1933 306 543 418 *1934 282 496 369 *1935 291 526 .. *1936 327 533 .. 1937 347# .. .. 1938 .. 679# 215 1939 .. 489# 108# 1940 .. 334# 119# 1941 .. 178# 180# 1942 .. 153# 218# 1943 .. .. 102# 1944 .. .. .. 1945 .. .. .. 1946 .. .. .. 1947 .. .. .. 1948 -93 182 158 1949 -231 47 56 1950 .. -2 23 1951 -234 241 114 1952 -252 134 38 1953 -273 -66 -88 1954 -262 -159 -151 1955 -359 -427 76 1956 -400+ -472 97 1957 -366& -431& 289& 1958 -351 -464 300 1959 -402 -464 .. TURKEY Information for - ALEXANDRETTE (36 37N, 36 07E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1927-34 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : unspecified Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR ALEXANDRETTE [1922 .. [1923 .. [1924 .. [1925 .. [1926 .. [1927 410u [1928 350u [1929 340u [1930 320u [1931 350u [1932 360u [1933 330u [1934 230u Notes - '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre 'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data LEBANON Information for - BEYROUTH (36 54N, 35 28E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1922-31 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : unspecified Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR BEYROUTH [1922 370u [1923 340u [1924 360u [1925 370u [1926 420u [1927 350u [1928 400u [1929 380u [1930 390u [1931 400u [1932 .. [1933 .. [1934 .. Notes - '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre 'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data EGYPT Information for - SUEZ (29 56N, 32 33E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1897-1903 Authority : La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez, Ismailia Datum : -10.34cm relative to B.M. Observation: hourly Data - YEAR SUEZ 1897 4338 1898 4360 1899 4392 1900 4402 1901 4400 1902 4361 1903 4190 TUNISIA Information for - SFAX (34 44N, 10 46E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1910-42, 1950-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Tunisien Observation: medimaremetre SOUSSE (35 49N, 10 37E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1910-42, 1949-50, 1952-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Tunisien Observation: medimaremetre LA GOULETTE (36 49N, 10 18E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1889-1942, 1949-51, 1954-55 P.S.F.: Period : 1956-57 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.F. Datum : Zero Tunisien Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR SFAX SOUSSE LA GOULETTE *1889 .. .. -24 *1890 .. .. -104 *1891 .. .. -33 *1892 .. .. -8 *1893 .. .. -6 *1894 .. .. -57 *1895 .. .. 7 *1896 .. .. -5 *1897 .. .. -36 *1898 .. .. -31 *1899 .. .. -37 *1900 .. .. 5 *1901 .. .. -14 *1902 .. .. -5 *1903 .. .. -42 *1904 .. .. -21 *1905 .. .. -17 *1906 .. .. -30 *1907 .. .. -63 *1908 .. .. -85 *1909 .. .. -59 *1910 -85 -93 -32 *1911 -145 -110 -52 *1912 -132 -95 -39 *1913 -147 -115 -62 *1914 -157 -143 -37 *1915 -89 -88 -21 *1916 -113 -94 -39 *1917 -190 -121 -50 *1918 -206 -179 -63 *1919 -138 -95 -49 *1920 -140 -130 -61 *1921 -131 -128 -87 *1922 -144 -97 -60 *1923 -143 -132 -61 *1924 -100 -57 -41 *1925 -136 -102 -52 *1926 -89 -64 -14 *1927 -121 -38 -12 *1928 -77 -60 -4 *1929 -49 .. -24 *1930 -70 -15 -10 *1931 -43 -22 -20 *1932 -72 -85 -63 *1933 -10 -18 -23 *1934 36 -70 -43 *1935 143 -21 -19 *1936 126 18 -2 1937 -1# 19# -12# 1938 -4# -48# -49# 1939 13 7# -29 1940 -16 4# -22 1941 -81 11# -51 1942 -61 9# -56 1943 .. .. .. 1944 .. .. .. 1945 .. .. .. 1946 .. .. .. 1947 .. .. .. 1948 .. .. .. 1949 .. 65 49 1950 115 3 51 1951 122 .. 43 1952 74 12 .. 1953 68 -40 .. 1954 116 -7 29 1955 120 23 64 1956 131 -12 15+ 1957 149& 12& -34& 1958 106 30 .. 1959 70 25 .. Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '+' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.D. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. ALGERIA Information - BONE INTERIEUR (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.B.: Period : 1937, 1939-41 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : not specified Observation: medimaremetre BONE NO.1 (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.B.: Period : 1938 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : not specified Observation: medimaremetre BONE NO.2 (36 54N, 07 46E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1908-41, 1948-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Algerien Observation: medimaremetre ALGER (36 47N, 03 04E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1905-42, 1949-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Algerien Observation: medimaremetre ORAN (35 43N, 00 39W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1890-1906, 1908-20, 1923-42, 1945-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Algerien Observation: medimaremetre PORT SAY (unspecified location) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1925-31 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris Datum : Zero Algerien Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR BONE NO.2 ALGER ORAN *1890 .. .. -76 *1891 .. .. -67 *1892 .. .. -57 *1893 .. .. -115 *1894 .. .. -163 *1895 .. .. -123 *1896 .. .. -109 *1897 .. .. -107 *1898 .. .. -137 *1899 .. .. -80 *1900 .. .. -104 *1901 .. .. -126 *1902 .. .. -40 *1903 .. .. -89 *1904 .. .. -50 *1905 .. 30 -67 *1906 .. 3 -54 *1907 .. 7 .. *1908 147 -36 -134 *1909 177 -1 -119 *1910 188 1 -49 *1911 185 -26 -80 *1912 187 -50 -70 *1913 168 -75 -42 *1914 154 -86 -89 *1915 206 -22 -50 *1916 206 -12 -61 *1917 155 -40 -47 *1918 169 -116 -69 *1919 116 -33 -100 *1920 337 -27 -122 *1921 318 -34 .. *1922 303 -18 .. *1923 205 15 -53 PORT SAY *1924 145 3 -17 *1925 143 21 -74 200[ *1926 135 8 -30 200[ *1927 230 -66 -26 200[ *1928 200 -1 -39 200[ *1929 164 -9 -43 210[ *1930 168 3 -54 200[ *1931 207 15 51 230[ *1932 173 -6 117 *1933 96 30 156 *1934 -31 0 175 *1935 -38 -9 186 BONE INTERIEUR BONE NO.1 *1936 60 42 243 1937 219 39# 214# 190 .. 1938 163# -12# 300# .. 130 1939 217 29# 7# 190 .. 1940 194 24# -2# 170 .. 1941 196 -146# -58# 160 .. 1942 .. -148# -95# 1943 .. .. .. 1944 .. .. .. 1945 .. .. .. 1946 .. .. -8 1947 .. .. -30 1948 96 .. 18 1949 266 39 -1 1950 202 12 29 1951 180 -5 11 1952 230 -29 -35 1953 261 -48 -54 1954 167 -54 -44 1955 266 -29 -17 1956 322 -70 -58 1957 270& -108& -24& 1958 363 -78 -16 1959 258 -38 -43 Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre MOROCCO Information for - CASABLANCA (33 36N, 07 37W) (350/021 1957-59) P.S.D.: Period : 1923-44, 1947-53, 1955-56 P.S.E.: Period : 1958 P.S.F.: Period : 1957, 1959 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : Zero Marocain Observation: medimaremetre AGADIR (30 25N, 09 38W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.E.: Period : 1957 P.S.F.: Period : 1958, 1959 Authority : Institut Geographique National, Paris Datum : Zero Marocain Observation: medimaremetre MOGADOR (31 31N, 09 47W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1924-29 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France, Paris Datum : Zero Marocain Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR CASABLANCA MOGADOR YEAR CASABLANCA AGADIR 1923 45* .. 1940 20 .. 1924 107* 210[ 1941 1 .. 1925 37* 130[ 1942 -6 .. 1926 45* 160[ 1943 -10 .. 1927 -59* 140[ 1944 -41 .. 1928 -38* 140[ 1945 .. .. 1929 -25* 160[ 1946 .. .. 1930 -22* .. 1947 30 .. 1931 -1* .. 1948 87 .. 1932 -41* .. 1949 54 .. 1933 45* .. 1950 -25 .. 1934 36* .. 1951 -81 .. 1935 92* .. 1952 -168 .. 1936 94* .. 1953 -136 .. 1937 57# .. 1954 .. .. 1938 3# .. 1955 35 .. 1939 -2 .. 1956 50 .. 1957 52& 39 1958 -11 39 1959 55 -78 Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre MADAGASCAR Information for - TAMATAVE (18 09S, 49 26E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.D.: Period : 1930-51 P.S.E.: Period : 1953-57 P.S.F.: Period : 1952, 1958-59 Authorities: Service du Nivellement de Precision, Paris in P.S.D. Institut Geographique National, Paris in P.S.E/F. Datum : B.M. in P.S.D. Nivellement de Madagascar in P.S.E/F. Observation: medimaremetre TULEAR (23 21S, 43 38E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.B.: Period : 1937-38 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : 'level of B.M.' Observation: medimaremetre MAJUNGA (15 40S, 46 21E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1932-33, 1936 P.S.B.: Period : 1937 Authority : Service du Nivellement General de la France Datum : 'level of B.M.' Observation: medimaremetre Data - YEAR TAMATAVE YEAR TAMATAVE *1923 .. 1940 74 *1924 .. 1941 85 *1925 .. 1942 18 *1926 .. 1943 9 *1927 .. 1944 -11 *1928 .. 1945 -51 *1929 .. 1946 -65 *1930 -34 1947 65 *1931 0 1948 -36 *1932 36 1949 -7 *1933 -10 1950 -119 *1934 -14 1951 -136 *1935 -8 ----------------- change of datum *1936 9 1952 38& 1937 0# 1953 129 1938 -1# 1954 162 1939 1 1955 41 1956 92 1957 86 1958 3 1959 -1 YEAR TULEAR MAJUNGA 1932 .. -40[ 1933 .. -40[ 1936 .. -270[u ------ 1937 -3005 -3753 1938 -2888 .. Notes - '*' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.A. '#' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.B. '&' indicates changes to data published previously in P.S.E. '[' indicates measurements to the nearest centimetre 'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data YEMEN REPUBLIC Information for - PERIM (12 39N, 43 25E) (Not in the PSMSL) ADEN (12 47N, 44 59E) (485/001 1879-93 1916-33 1937-69, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR PERIM ADEN 1894 .. 1776 1895 .. 1782 1896 .. 1779 1897 .. 1808 1898 1645 1804 1899 1634 1792 1900 1623 1763 1901 1648 1779 1902 1659 1826 1903 .. 1818 1904 .. 1790 1905 .. 1785 1906 .. 1772 1907 .. 1786 1908 .. 1774 1909 .. 1765 1910 .. 1779 1911 .. 1758 1912 .. 1790 1913 .. 1786 1914 .. 1778 1915 .. 1814 1916 .. 1800 1917 .. 1766 1918 .. 1783 1919 .. 1780 1920 .. 1789 OMAN Information for - MASKAT (23 37N, 58 36E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1893-97 Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR MASKAT 1893 2345 1894 2345 1895 2328 1896 2348 1897 2347 IRAQ Information for - BASRAH (30 31N, 47 51E) (482/031 1917-18) P.S.A.: Period : 1916, 1919-24 Authorities: Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute Port Director, Basrah Datum : Local B.M Observation: hourly Data - YEAR BASRAH 1916 2105 1917 .. 1918 .. 1919 2204 1920 1993 1921 1946 1922 1963 1923 1855 1924 1784 IRAN Information for - BUSHIRE (28 54N, 50 45E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : 1892, 1894-1900 Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR BUSHIRE 1892 1487 1893 .. 1894 1454 1895 1431 1896 1418 1897 1436 1898 1429 1899 1408 1900 1408 PAKISTAN Information for - KARACHI (24 48N, 66 58E) (490/021 1916-20 1937-48 1957-82) P.S.A.: Period : 1868-1920 Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR KARACHI YEAR KARACHI 1868 2179 1895 2192 1869 2222 1896 2192 1870 2214 1897 2199 1871 2166 1898 2207 1872 2149 1899 2192 1873 2158 1900 2153 1874 2180 1901 2180 1875 2180 1902 2227 1876 2174 1903 2220 1877 2197 1904 2198 1878 2234 1905 2170 1879 2227 1906 2202 1880 2215 1907 2234 1881 2188 1908 2188 1882 2152 1909 2183 1883 2192 1910 2205 1884 2194 1911 2202 1885 2196 1912 2229 1886 2202 1913 2208 1887 2180 1914 2231 1888 2174 1915 2231 1889 2181 1916 2248 1890 2177 1917 2246 1891 2168 1918 2237 1892 2208 1919 2209 1893 2195 1920 2249 1894 2200 ANDAMAN ISLANDS Information for - PORT BLAIR (11 41N, 92 46E) (540/001 1916-20 1952-57 1960-64) P.S.A.: Period : 1880-1920 Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR PORT BLAIR YEAR PORT BLAIR 1880 1461 1901 1458 1881 1438 1902 1438 1882 1436 1903 1483 1883 1440 1904 1459 1884 1429 1905 1433 1885 1406 1906 1458 1886 1373 1907 1473 1887 1435 1908 1435 1888 1410 1909 1484 1889 1398 1910 1487 1890 1404 1911 1465 1891 1404 1912 1472 1892 1466 1913 1470 1893 1426 1914 1468 1894 1445 1915 1504 1895 1420 1916 1492 1896 1449 1917 1474 1897 1463 1918 1494 1898 1462 1919 1480 1899 1457 1920 1490 1900 1448 INDIA Information for - HANSTAL (22 56N, 70 21E) (Not in the PSMSL) NAVINAR (22 45N, 69 43E) (Not in the PSMSL) OKHA POINT (22 28N, 69 05E) (Not in the PSMSL) PORBANDAR (21 38N, 69 37E) (Not in the PSMSL) PORT ALBERT VICTOR (20 57N, 71 32E) (Not in the PSMSL) BHAVNAGAR (21 48N, 72 09E) (500/031 1937-65, all in RLR) BOMBAY (PRINCE'S DOCK) (18 57N, 72 50E) (500/051 1916-20, all in RLR) (Bombay Apollo Bandar 500/041 1878-1964, all in RLR is connectable to Prince's Dock with the same RLR factor) MORMUGAO (15 25N, 73 48E) (500/065 1969-78, all in RLR) KARWAR (14 48N, 74 06E) (500/067 1970-78, all in RLR) BEYPORE (11 10N, 75 48E) (Not in the PSMSL) COCHIN (09 58N, 76 15E) (500/081 1939-56 1958-78, all in RLR) MINICOY IS. (08 17N, 73 03E) (455/011 1963-64 1966 1970-75 1977) TUTICORIN (08 48N, 78 09E) (500/083 1964-66 1968-78, all in RLR) PAMBAN PASS (09 16N, 79 12E) (Not in the PSMSL) NEGAPATAM (10 46N, 79 51E) (500/087 1971-77, all in RLR) MADRAS (13 06N, 80 18E) (500/091 1916-20 1952-64 1966-78, all in RLR) COCANADA (16 56N, 82 15E) (Not in the PSMSL) VIZAGAPATAM (17 41N, 83 17E) (500/101 1937-64 1966-68 1970-78, all in RLR) FALSE POINT (20 25N, 86 47E) (Not in the PSMSL) DUBLAT (21 38N, 88 08E) (500/121 1881-86, all in RLR) DIAMOND HARBOUR (22 11N, 88 11E) (500/131 1948-64, all in RLR) KIDDERPORE (22 32N, 88 20E) (500/151 1881-93 1921-31, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - PORT OKHA ALBERT YEAR HANSTAL NAVINAR POINT PORBANDAR VICTOR BHAVNAGAR 1874 4978 4706 2941 .. .. .. 1881 .. .. .. .. 4228 .. 1889 .. .. .. .. .. 6920 1890 .. .. .. .. .. 6932 1891 .. .. .. .. .. 6886 1892 .. .. .. .. .. 6919 1893 .. .. .. 1868 .. 6873 1894 .. .. .. 1969 .. .. 1900 .. .. .. 2238 2944 .. 1901 .. .. .. 2259 2971 .. 1902 .. .. .. .. 3005 .. 1903 .. .. .. .. 3009 .. 1905 .. .. 2925 .. .. .. BOMBAY (PRINCE'S MINICOY YEAR DOCK) MORMUGAO KARWAR BEYPORE COCHIN IS. TUTICORIN 1878 .. .. 1722 1641 .. .. .. 1879 .. .. 1689 1643 .. .. .. 1880 .. .. 1696 1650 .. .. .. 1881 .. .. 1681 1650 .. .. .. 1882 .. .. 1674 1644 .. .. .. 1883 .. .. .. 1616 .. .. .. 1884 .. 1680 .. .. .. .. .. 1885 .. 1700 .. .. .. .. .. 1886 .. 1699 .. .. 738 .. .. 1887 .. 1672 .. .. 719 .. .. 1888 2532 1661 .. .. 703 .. 637 1889 2525 .. .. .. 738 .. 666 1890 2539 .. .. .. 715 .. 655 1891 2507 .. .. .. 710 1577 632 1892 2556 .. .. .. .. 1606 .. 1893 2516 .. .. .. .. 1599 .. 1894 2514 .. .. .. .. 1585 .. 1895 2522 .. .. .. .. 1583 .. 1896 2524 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1897 2518 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1898 2529 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1899 2503 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1900 2458 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1901 2511 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1902 2555 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1903 2527 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1904 2492 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1905 2433 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1906 2435 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1907 2514 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1908 2473 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1909 2475 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1910 2500 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1911 2499 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1912 2530 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1913 2506 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1914 2535 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1915 2525 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1916 2562 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1917 2552 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1918 2530 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1919 2547 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1920 2521 .. .. .. .. .. .. PAMBAN YEAR PASS KIDDERPORE MADRAS COCANADA VIZAGAPATAM 1878 813 .. .. .. .. 1879 825 .. .. .. 1521 1880 841 .. 686 .. 1499 1881 824 .. 673 .. 1466 1882 .. .. 664 .. 1467 1883 .. .. 664 .. 1467 1884 .. .. 650 .. 1411 1885 .. .. 625 .. .. 1886 .. .. 707 1673 .. 1887 .. .. 691 1623 .. 1888 .. .. 650 1571 .. 1889 .. .. 717 1650 .. 1890 .. .. .. 1618 .. 1894 .. 3470 .. .. .. 1895 .. 3193 663 .. .. 1896 .. 3085 603 .. .. 1897 .. 3211 695 .. .. 1898 .. 3310 701 .. .. 1899 .. 3249 723 .. .. 1900 .. 3232 661 .. .. 1901 .. 3157 696 .. .. 1902 .. 3169 638 .. .. 1903 .. 3265 711 .. .. 1904 .. 3301 702 .. .. 1905 .. 3229 713 .. .. 1906 .. 3268 746 .. .. 1907 .. 3157 699 .. .. 1908 .. 3169 653 .. .. 1909 .. 3283 717 .. .. 1910 .. 3321 735 .. .. 1911 .. 3286 700 .. .. 1912 .. 3144 712 .. .. 1913 .. 3199 720 .. .. 1914 .. 3143 675 .. .. 1915 .. 3186 710 .. .. 1916 .. 3293 732 .. .. 1917 .. 3294 722 .. .. 1918 .. 3145 677 .. .. 1919 .. 3164 704 .. .. 1920 .. 3100 706 .. .. YEAR FALSE POINT DUBLAT DIAMOND HARBOUR NEGAPATAM 1881 2302 4387 2736 608 1882 2316 4419 2747 624 1883 2314 4394 2743 .. 1884 2284 4383 2712 .. 1885 .. 4347 2683 552 1886 .. .. .. 624 1887 .. .. .. 624 SRI LANKA Information for - COLOMBO (06 57N, 79 51E) (520/001 1934-35) GALLE (06 02N, 80 13E) (Not in the PSMSL) TRINCOMALEE (08 33N, 81 13E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR COLOMBO GALLE TRINCOMALEE 1884 673 810 .. 1885 689 823 .. 1886 702 817 .. 1887 670 794 .. 1888 644 783 .. 1889 675 818 .. 1890 .. .. 561 1891 .. .. 557 1892 .. .. 623 1893 .. .. 606 1894 .. .. 598 1895 .. .. 588 BANGLADESH Information for - CHITTAGONG (22 20N, 91 50E) (510/011 1937-48 1956-61) (510/021 1954-60) (510/023 1960-68) (510/025 1961-68) P.S.A.: Period : 1886-90 Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - YEAR CHITTAGONG 1886 2515 1887 2422 1888 2415 1889 2465 1890 2431 BURMA Information for - AKYAB (20 08N, 92 54E) (530/001 1937-42) DIAMOND ISLLAND (15 52N, 94 17E) (Not in the PSMSL) ELEPHANT POINT (16 30N, 96 18E) (Not in the PSMSL) RANGOON (18 46N, 96 10E) (530/011 1916-20 1937-41 1947-55 1957-62) MOULMEIN (16 29N, 97 37E) (530/021 1954-64) AMHERST (16 05N, 97 34E) (530/031 1954-64) MERGUI (12 26N, 98 36E) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Survey of India, Dehra Dun Datum : Local B.M. (See Eccles reference in Section 3). Observation: hourly Data - DIAMOND ELEPHANT YEAR AKYAB ISLAND POINT RANGOON MOULMEIN AMHERST MERGUI 1880 .. .. 5046 3203 2576 4143 .. 1881 .. .. .. 3174 2639 4259 .. 1882 .. .. .. 3166 2639 4176 .. 1883 .. .. .. 3157 2663 4193 .. 1884 .. .. 3785 3101 2483 4142 .. 1885 .. .. 3580 3071 2557 4057 .. 1886 .. .. 3657 3172 .. .. .. 1887 2282 .. 3652 3107 .. .. .. 1888 2265 .. 3628 3097 .. .. .. 1889 2342 .. .. 3139 .. .. 3988 1890 2297 .. .. 3162 .. .. 3957 1891 2271 .. .. 3045 .. .. 3933 1892 .. .. .. 3128 .. .. 3962 1893 .. .. .. 3114 .. .. 3958 1894 .. .. .. 3094 .. .. .. 1895 .. 2177 .. 3058 .. .. .. 1896 .. 2174 .. 3069 .. .. .. 1897 .. 2233 .. 3108 .. .. .. 1898 .. 2226 .. 3113 .. .. .. 1899 .. 2228 .. 3146 .. .. .. 1900 .. .. .. 3095 .. .. .. 1901 .. .. .. 3125 .. .. .. 1902 .. .. .. 3057 .. .. .. 1903 .. .. .. 3127 .. .. .. 1904 .. .. .. 3132 .. .. .. 1905 .. .. .. 3112 .. .. .. 1906 .. .. .. 3135 .. .. .. 1907 .. .. .. 3121 .. .. .. 1908 .. .. .. 3088 .. .. .. 1909 .. .. .. 3140 2622 .. .. 1910 .. .. .. 3163 2628 .. .. 1911 .. .. .. 3154 2618 .. .. 1912 .. .. .. 3114 2523 .. .. 1913 .. .. .. 3107 2563 .. .. 1914 .. .. .. 3111 2558 .. .. 1915 .. .. .. 3173 2575 .. .. 1916 .. .. .. 3138 2509 .. .. 1917 .. .. .. 3140 2568 .. .. 1918 .. .. .. 3163 2719 .. .. 1919 .. .. .. 3144 2652 .. .. 1920 .. .. .. 3142 2632 .. .. JAPAN Information for - HUKABORI (32 41N, 129 49E) (Not in the PSMSL) HAMADA (TONOURA) (34 55N, 132 04E) (647/021 1894-1955 1957-82,all in RLR) SAKAI (35 33N, 133 14E) (647/041 1957-82, all in RLR) WAZIMA (37 24N, 136 54E) (647/071 1900-84, RLR 1930-84) IWASAKI (40 35N, 139 55E) (647/101 1898-1938 1951-70, RLR 1958-70) OTARU (OSYORO) (43 13N, 141 03E) (641/051 1906-33) HANASAKI (43 17N, 145 35E) (641/011 1900-40 1954-77, RLR 1957-77) (641/012 1977-82) AIKAWA (38 18N, 141 30E) (642/031 1900-24 1957-66 1968-82, RLR 1958-66 1968-82) YOKOHAMA (35 29N, 139 39E) (642/075 1975-82) ABURATUBO (35 09N, 139 37E) (642/091 1900-45 1947-84, RLR 1930-45 1947-84) TOBA (34 29N, 136 51E) (642/134 1950-77, all in RLR) (642/135 1977-82) KUSIMOTO (33 28N, 136 47E) (642/141 1900-24 1957-82, RLR 1957-82) SIMOTU (34 07N, 135 08E) (643/011 1965-66) KOBE (34 41N, 135 11E) (643/024 1957-82, all in RLR) UWAZIMA (33 13N, 132 32E) (644/021 1941-68, RLR 1957-68) (644/022 1968-82, all in RLR) HOSOSIMA (32 25N, 131 40E) (645/011 1900-84, RLR 1930-79 1981-84) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Imperial Military Land Survey Department, Tokyo Imperial Marine Observatory, Kobe Publication by S.Hirayama Datum : B.M. and Levelling System Observation: hourly Otaru and Hanasaki are calculated from daily means obtained by integration from continuous readings Data - YEAR HUKABORI HAMADA SAKAI WAZIMA IWASAKI OTARU HANASAKI AIKAWA 1894 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -3654 1895 .. -3699 .. .. .. .. .. -3651 1896 .. -3720 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1897 -3986 .. .. .. .. .. -3696 .. 1898 -3982 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1899 -3996 .. .. .. .. .. -3705 .. 1900 .. .. .. .. .. .. -3659 .. 1901 -4017 -3703 .. -3715 .. .. -3666 .. 1902 .. -3735 .. -3728 -5235 -3248 -3665 .. 1903 .. -3732 .. -3714 -5218 -3242 .. -3522 1904 .. -3689 .. -3697 -5193 .. .. -3525 1905 -3994 .. .. -3707 -5203 .. .. .. 1906 .. .. .. .. -5218 .. .. -3474 1907 .. .. .. .. -5230 .. .. .. 1908 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1926 .. .. -501 .. .. .. .. .. 1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1927/28 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. YEAR YOKOHAMA ABURATUBO TOBA KUSIMOTO SIMUTO KOBE UWAZIMA HOSOSIMA 1894 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1895 .. -3668 .. .. .. .. .. -4194 1896 .. -3679 .. .. .. .. .. -4192 1897 .. -3638 .. -3780 .. .. .. -4116 1898 .. -3650 .. -3794 .. .. .. .. 1899 .. .. .. -3776 .. .. .. .. 1900 -1306 .. .. .. .. -1409 .. .. 1901 -1363 .. .. .. .. -1402 .. .. 1902 -1347 .. .. .. .. -1415 .. .. 1903 -1362 .. .. .. .. -1463 .. .. 1904 -1373 -3634 .. -3742 .. -1490 .. .. 1905 -1367 .. .. -3741 .. .. .. .. 1906 .. .. .. .. .. -1430 .. -4138 1907 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1908 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1926 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1927 .. .. -2165 .. .. .. .. .. 1927/28 .. .. .. .. -1694 .. -1614 .. FORMOSA Information for - KIRUN (25 09N, 121 45E) (612/001 1904-24) TAKAO (22 37N, 120 16E) (612/011 1904-43) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Imperial Military Land Survey Department, Tokyo Publication by S.Hirayama Datum : unspecified Observation: calculated from daily means obtained by integration from continuous readings Data - YEAR KIRUN TAKAO 1904 .. -3382 1905 -3099 -3424 1906 -3048 .. 1907 -3047 .. 1908 -3040 .. AUSTRALIA Information for - BRISBANE (27 19S, 153 10E) (680/078 1961-64 1966-73, RLR 1966-73) BALLINA (28 52S, 153 37E) (680/081 1928-38 1959-66, RLR 1959-64) NEWCASTLE (32 55S, 151 48E) (680/131 1928-38 1946-61, all in RLR) (680/132 1972-84, all in RLR) (680/133 1925-84, all in RLR) SYDNEY (33 51S, 151 14E) (680/141 1897-1985, all in RLR) ALBANY (35 02S, 117 54E) (680/451 1923-24 1957-63 1965-79, RLR 1966-76) FREMANTLE (32 03S, 115 44E) (680/471 1913-14 1937-38 1947 1957-64 1967-79) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Hydrographic Department of Admiralty, London Department of Harbours and Marine, Brisbane A publication by Mr.T.Wright A publication by Mr.F.J.Selby A publication by Mr.H.B.Curlewis Harbour Authorities Government Astronomer of West Australia. Datum : all 'local' Observation: hourly except for Brisbane 1865-66 and Sydney 1888 which are Mean Tide Level Data - YEAR BRISBANE BALLINA NEWCASTLE SYDNEY ALBANY FREMANTLE 1865/6 2170 .. .. .. .. .. 1873 .. .. .. 1076 .. .. 1874 .. .. .. 1104 .. .. 1875 .. .. .. 1087 .. .. 1876 .. .. .. 1067 .. .. 1876/77 .. .. .. .. 587 .. .. 1877 .. .. .. 1026 .. .. 1878 .. .. .. 1004 .. .. 1879 .. .. .. 990 .. .. 1880 .. .. .. 945 .. .. 1881 .. .. .. 777 .. .. 1882 .. .. .. 764 .. .. 1883 .. .. .. 781 .. .. 1884 .. .. .. 786 .. .. 1885 .. .. .. 748 .. .. 1888 .. .. .. 746 .. .. 1896 1055 .. .. .. .. .. 1898 .. 610 .. .. .. .. 1900 .. .. 925 .. .. .. 1908 1042 .. .. .. .. 628u 1909 .. .. .. .. .. 628u 1910 .. .. .. .. .. 628u 1911 .. .. .. .. .. 668u 1912 .. .. .. .. .. 668u Notes - 'u' indicates uncertainty in the significance of the data NEW ZEALAND Information for - AUCKLAND (36 51S, 174 49E) (690/001 1917-19 1921-23 1937 1941 1960-61 1984, RLR 1917-19 1921-23 1937 1941 1960-61) WELLINGTON (41 17S, 174 48E) (690/011 1918-19 1921-24 1927 1930 1937 1939 1942 1961 1984) PORT LYTTELTON (43 36S, 172 51E) (690/021 1923-27 1960-64, all in RLR) PORT CHALMERS (45 49S, 170 39E) (Not in the PSMSL) DUNEDIN (45 53S, 170 33E) (690/031 1923-27 1937 1963, all in RLR) WESTPORT (41 46S, 171 37E) (690/061 1962 1984) NEW PLYMOUTH (39 03S, 174 02E) (690/081 1962-63 1984) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Department of Lands and Surveys, Wellington Harbour Authorities A publication by Mr.T.Wright Datum : all 'local' Observation: hourly except Auckland 1900-01 and Wellington 1901 which are Mean Tide Level Data - PORT PORT NEW YEAR AUCKLAND WELLINGTON LYTTELTON CHALMERS DUNEDIN WESTPORT PLYMOUTH 1900/1 1942 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1901 .. 836 .. 990 .. .. .. 1901/2 .. .. 898 .. .. .. .. 1909 1902 893 .. .. .. .. .. 1910 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1911 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1912 .. .. .. .. 983 .. .. 1913 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1914 .. .. 911 .. 956 .. .. 1915 .. 857 .. .. 993 .. .. 1916 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1917 1929 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1918 1920 .. 980 .. 999 1511 1676 1919 1868 939 905 .. .. 1437 1603 1920 .. .. .. .. .. 1424 1606 1921 .. .. .. .. .. 1436 1615 1922 .. .. .. .. .. 1461 .. CAROLINE ISLANDS Information for - PALAU (07 20N, 134 29E) (710/021 'MALAKAL' 1974-83, all in RLR) P.S.A.: Period : 1926 Authorities: Meteorological Observatory, Palau Imperial Marine Observatory, Kobe Datum : B.M. Observation: from daily means calculated from continuous records by integration Data - YEAR PALAU 1926 -1152* Notes - '*' indicates the above value has been truncated from the value in P.S.A. CANADA (PACIFIC COAST) Information for - PORT SIMPSON (54 34N, 130 26W) (Not in the PSMSL) PRINCE RUPERT (54 19N, 130 20W) (822/001 1933 1939-41 1943-80, all in RLR) WADHAMS (51 24N, 127 38W) (Not in the PSMSL) VANCOUVER (49 18N, 123 07W) (822/071 1910-23 1940-41 1943-80, all in RLR) SAND HEADS (49 07N, 123 17W) (Not in the PSMSL) VICTORIA (48 26N, 123 23W) (822/101 1909-80, all in RLR) CLAYOQUOT (49 09N, 125 55W) (822/116 'TOFINO' 1935 1940-41 1943-80, RLR 1962-80) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa Tidal and Currents Survey, Ottawa Messrs.E.Roberts and Sons, London Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute Datum : all 'local' - see P.S.A. for details Observation: hourly or hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods POINT ATKINSON (CAULFEILD) (49 20N, 123 15W) (822/051 1914-19 1921-22 1927 1932-33 1944-45 1947-80, all in RLR) P.S.F.: Period : 1914/15-1920/21, 1944-46, 1957-59 Authority : Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa Datum : measured to local B.M. Observation: hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods FULFORD HARBOUR (48 46N, 123 27W) (822/096 1960-80, all in RLR) P.S.F.: Period : 1953-59 Authority : Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa Datum : not specified Observation: hourly Data - PORT PRINCE POINT FULFORD YEAR SIMPSON RUPERT WADHAMS ATKINSON VANCOUVER HARBOUR (CAULFEILD) 1902/03 3858 .. .. .. 2464 .. 1903/04 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1904/05 3835 .. .. .. .. .. 1905/06 3857 .. .. .. 2452 .. 1906/07 3818 3819 2673 .. 2463 .. 1907/08 3794 3815 2637 .. 2443 .. 1908/09 3780 .. 2607 .. 2453 .. 1909/10 .. 3801 2686 .. 2431 .. 1910/11 .. 3790 2724 .. .. .. 1911/12 3808 .. .. .. 2435 .. 1912/13 3854 3795 .. .. 2449 .. 1913/14 3910 3891 .. .. 2452 .. 1914/15 3910 3893 .. 2707 2500 .. 1915/16 .. 3821 .. 2658 2485 .. 1916/17 3756 3751 .. 2585 2392 .. 1917/18 .. 3785 .. 2649 2455 .. 1918/19 3855 .. .. 2676 2486 .. 1919/20 3759 .. .. 2585 2405 .. 1920/21 .. .. .. 2658 2492 .. 1921/22 .. .. .. .. 2437 .. 1922/23 .. .. .. .. 2442 .. 1930/31 .. .. .. .. 2459 .. 1934/35 .. .. .. .. 2476 .. 1944 .. .. .. 2591 .. .. 1945 .. .. .. 2646 .. .. 1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1947 .. .. .. 2621 .. .. 1948 .. .. .. 2667 .. .. 1949 .. .. .. 2633 .. .. 1950 .. .. .. 2701 .. .. 1951 .. .. .. 2701 .. .. 1952 .. .. .. 2682 .. .. 1953 .. .. .. 2694 .. 2252 1954 .. .. .. 2716 .. 2271 1955 .. .. .. 2646 .. 2204 1956 .. .. .. 2664 .. 2225 1957 .. .. .. 2704 .. 2262 1958 .. .. .. 2746 .. 2323 1959 .. .. .. 2682 .. 2262 YEAR SAND HEADS VICTORIA CLAYOQUOT 1895/96 2578 1929 .. 1896/97 2565 1943 .. 1897/98 .. .. .. 1898/99 2583 .. .. 1899/1900 2609 .. .. 1900/01 .. .. .. 1901/02 2568 .. .. 1902/03 .. .. .. 1903/04 2608 1872 .. 1904/05 .. .. .. 1905/06 .. .. 2227 1906/07 .. .. 2238 1907/08 .. .. .. 1908/09 .. .. 2198 1909/10 .. 1836 2234 1910/11 .. 1837 2230 1911/12 .. 1855 2192 1912/13 .. 1830 2226 1913/14 .. 1882 2268 1914/15 .. 1921 2292 1915/16 .. 1881 2222 1916/17 .. 1796 2123 1917/18 .. 1826 2194 1918/19 .. 1905 2188 1919/20 .. 1800 2125 1920/21 .. 1876 .. 1921/22 .. 1840 .. 1922/23 .. 1825 .. 1923/24 .. 1860 .. 1924/25 .. 1854 .. 1925/26 .. 1882 .. 1926/27 .. 1875 .. 1927/28 .. 1871 .. 1928/29 .. 1818 .. 1929/30 .. 1822 .. 1930/31 .. 1893 .. 1931/32 .. 1877 .. 1932/33 .. 1886 .. 1933/34 .. .. .. 1934/35 .. 1802 2206 1935/36 .. .. .. CANADA (ATLANTIC COAST) Information for - ST.JOHN (45 15N, 66 04W) (970/001 1906 1917 1920-21 1923-24 1926-27 1929-34 1938-39 1941-80, all in RLR) HALIFAX (44 40N, 63 34W) (970/011 1897 1920-80, all in RLR) ST.PAUL ISLAND (47 12N, 60 09W) (Not in the PSMSL) CHARLOTTETOWN (46 13N, 63 08W) (970/031 1912-14 1917 1934 1938-80, RLR 1912-14 1917 1934 1938-69, 1972-80) FATHER POINT (48 31N, 68 28W) (Not in the PSMSL) QUEBEC (46 49N, 71 11W) (970/071 1965-80, all in RLR) S.W.POINT ANTICOSTI (49 24N, 63 36W) (Not in the PSMSL) FORTEAU BAY (51 27N, 56 53W) (Not in the PSMSL) P.S.A.: Period : as shown below Authorities: Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa Tidal and Currents Survey, Ottawa Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute Messrs.E.Roberts and Sons, London Datum : all 'local' - see P.S.A. for details Observation: hourly and hourly with allowance for incomplete tidal periods Data - CHAR- ST. ST.PAUL LOTTE FATHER S.W.POINT FORTEAU YEAR JOHN HALIFAX ISLAND -TOWN POINT QUEBEC ANTICOSTI BAY 1851/52 .. 1415 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1852/53 .. 1411 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1860/61 .. 1167 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1861/62 .. 1338 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1894/95 4253 .. .. .. .. 2638 1059 .. 1895/96 4251 1034 774 .. .. 2589 1022 .. 1896/97 4259 .. .. .. .. 2588 1029 .. 1897/98 4284 1071 742 .. 2298 2636 1044 .. 1898/99 4295 1070 .. .. 2307 2610 .. 811 1899/1900 .. 1063 714 .. 2326 2603 .. 842 1900/01 4304 1080 713 .. 2370 2615 .. 872 1901/02 4303 .. .. .. .. 2649 .. .. 1902/03 4307 1085 689 .. .. 2665 .. 876 1903/04 4244 1071 704 .. .. 2634 .. 858 1904/05 4217 1045 702 .. 2262 .. .. .. 1905/06 4222 1045 680 .. 2266 2596 .. .. 1906/07 4241 .. 696 .. 2265 2574 .. .. 1907/08 4277 .. .. 1468 2281 2667 .. .. 1908/09 4292 .. 728 1514 .. 2637 .. .. 1909/10 4313 .. 741 1521 2357 2704 .. .. 1910/11 4261 .. 752 .. 2313 2598 .. .. 1911/12 4281 .. 723 1473 2274 2491 .. .. 1912/13 4261 .. 739 1512 2320 2630 .. .. 1913/14 4243 .. 735 1494 2288 2568 .. .. 1914/15 4255 .. 705 1479 2279 2484 .. .. 1915/16 4278 .. 728 .. 2290 2542 .. .. 1916/17 4310 .. 716 1490 2303 2580 .. .. 1917/18 .. .. 704 1510 2258 2616 .. .. 1918/19 .. .. 690 1494 2285 2654 .. .. 1919/20 .. 1095 729 1514 2265 2615 .. .. 1920/21 4275 1077 724 .. 2260 .. .. .. 1921/22 .. 1068 706 .. .. .. .. .. 1922/23 .. 1101 700 .. .. .. .. .. 1923/24 4273 1120 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1924/25 .. 1078 749 .. .. .. .. .. 1925/26 .. .. 712 .. .. .. .. .. 1926/27 4239 .. 793 .. .. .. .. .. 1927/28 .. 1111 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1928/29 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1929/30 4252 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1930/31 4289 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1931/32 4273 .. .. .. .. 2580 .. .. 1932/33 4305 1151 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1933/34 4264 .. .. 1498 .. .. .. .. 1934/35 .. 1138 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1935/36 .. 1128 .. .. .. .. .. .. SECTION^2 DATUM RELATIONSHIPS The vertical height adjustments ('RLR factors' in PSMSL terminology) which connect data values of Section 1 to those of the PSMSL RLR dataset are listed below. Stations from Section 1 which have not been included below have insufficient benchmark information to enable such a computation. Adjustments for Norwegian and Swedish RLR stations have also not been made; the data for the former in Section 1 are hardly sufficient while the latter are discussed in considerable detail in the reports of Ekman (see Section 3). COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR ------- ------- ----------- --------- BELGIUM OSTENDE 4621 160/021 FRANCE CALAIS 7053 190/011 BOULOGNE 7011 190/021 DIEPPE 6960 190/031 CHERBOURG 6975 (1891 onwards only) 190/061 MARSEILLE 6840 230/051 SPAIN ALICANTE I 10400 220/051 (N.B. there is also an Alicante II RLR series 220/052) YEMEN ADEN 5141 485/001 INDIA BHAVNAGAR 159 500/031 (N.B. suspect RLR time series) BOMBAY 4466 500/051 (N.B. Bombay Prince's Dock 500/051 and Apollo Bandar 500/041 are geodetically connectable and have the same RLR factor. The 3 data sources can be combined.) MORMUGAO 5167 500/065 COCHIN 6151 500/081 NEGAPATAM 6363 500/087 MADRAS 6253 500/091 VIZAGAPATAM 5594 500/101 DIAMOND HBR. 4188 500/131 KIDDERPORE 3845 500/151 COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR ------- ------- ----------- --------- AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE I 6033 680/131 (N.B. there are also Newcastle II and III RLR time series 680/132 and 680/133) NEW ZEALAND AUCKLAND 5043 (1917-19 only) 690/001 PORT LYTTELTON 6003 690/021 CANADA VANCOUVER 4562 822/071 VICTORIA 5106 (1909-35 only) 822/101 FULFORD HBR. 4792 (1953) 822/096 4611 (1954-56 suspect value) 4792 (1957-59) ST.JOHN 2604 970/001 HALIFAX 5768 970/011 CHARLOTTETOWN 5434 970/031 QUEBEC 4454 (1911-20 and 1931-32 only) 970/071 In addition, since the publication of Pugh et al. (1987), six further stations from the Survey of India listed in Section 1 have been added to the RLR dataset. Their datum relationships are as follows. COUNTRY STATION RLR FACTORS to convert to PSMSL RLR ------- ------- ----------- --------- PAKISTAN KARACHI 4781 490/021 ANDAMAN IS. PORT BLAIR 5346 540/001 BURMA AKYAB 4637 530/001 RANGOON 3694 530/011 MOULMEIN 4206 530/021 AMHERST 2826 530/031 These RLR connections to the Publications Scientifiques data are the essential 'new' information of this report. While the PSMSL RLR time series have been employed by many researchers and the Publication Scientifiques values have been used in a few individual studies, the two datasets have, to our knowledge, never been connected together in any study of sea level changes. Plots of the resulting composite time series are shown below. In each case a data point from Section 1 of this report is shown by a a star, after adjustment to RLR datum as described above. RLR annual mean values from the PSMSL databank are shown as circles (for those for which an annual mean exists). If values are available for any year from both sources, then the two are shown individually but the connecting line goes through their arithmetic mean. For Bombay 1916-20 the circles shown are averages of Prince's Dock and Apollo Bandar RLR data; all other circles indicate Apollo Bandar data alone. For those stations for which the annual means cross calendar years (e.g. 1851/52 etc. for Halifax, Canada) the data points are assigned to the first year (i.e. 1851 in this example). For each plot a secular trend of relative mean sea level has been computed from the total available data, sometimes with outlying years omitted, as listed below in the same station order. These trends are given as complementary information to the plots only and should not be considered as scientific determinations of the real sea level trends at each station without considerable further analysis. For several stations, anomalous trends are suggested by the composite series, which presumably result from unrecorded datum shifts in the very old data. For others, there are large gaps between periods of recording which make trend calculations less reliable. Hopefully these composite series will be employed in more sophisticated analyses of sea level secular trends. STATION No.YEARS PERIOD TREND (mm/year) ------- -------- ------ --------------- OSTENDE 41 1925-1980 0.97 +/- 0.24 CALAIS 23 1932-1982 -5.53 +/- 0.49 BOULOGNE 24 1932-1982 -0.21 +/- 0.83 DIEPPE 33 1936-1983 -1.34 +/- 1.21 25 1956-1983 6.36 +/- 1.05 CHERBOURG 74 1891-1984 1.67 +/- 0.39 MARSEILLE 78 1885-1963 1.75 +/- 0.15 ALICANTE I 69 1874-1969 0.41 +/- 0.16 ADEN 81 1879-1969 1.17 +/- 0.10 52 1879-1930 0.10 +/- 0.14 30 1930-1969 2.24 +/- 0.39 BHAVNAGAR 33 1889-1964 0.75 +/- 0.94 (suspect RLR series) BOMBAY 86 1878-1964 1.27 +/- 0.13 MORMUGAO 13 1884-1978 2.26 +/- 0.10 COCHIN 41 1886-1977 0.96 +/- 0.20 NEGAPATAM 7 1881-1976 0.55 +/- 0.28 MADRAS 57 1880-1978 0.68 +/- 0.12 VIZAGAPATAM 46 1879-1978 0.13 +/- 0.19 DIAMOND HBR. 22 1881-1964 0.06 +/- 0.29 KIDDERPORE 48 1882-1931 -5.49 +/- 0.90 NEWCASTLE 27 1900-1960 2.87 +/- 0.79 AUCKLAND 10 1917-1961 1.82 +/- 0.52 PORT LYTTELTON 12 1901-1963 3.53 +/- 1.23 VANCOUVER 61 1902-1980 -0.07 +/- 0.15 VICTORIA 71 1909-1980 0.47 +/- 0.18 FULFORD HBR. 28 1953-1980 3.28 +/- 1.55 ST.JOHN 69 1894-1979 2.10 +/- 0.15 HALIFAX 70 1895-1979 3.25 +/- 0.12 CHARLOTTETOWN 48 1907-1980 2.92 +/- 0.17 QUEBEC 26 1911-1980 0.57 +/- 0.35 KARACHI 63 1868-1946 0.97 +/- 0.13 PORT BLAIR 47 1880-1964 2.22 +/- 0.14 AKYAB 10 1887-1941 1.49 +/- 0.40 RANGOON 61 1880-1962 1.54 +/- 0.29 MOULMEIN 28 1880-1963 3.60 +/- 0.48 AMHERST 16 1880-1963 0.01 +/- 0.35 SECTION 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NON-PSMSL MEAN SEA LEVEL TABULATIONS (1) Rijkswaterstaat corrected time series of Amsterdam sea level. In 1945 J.van Veen published the paper 'Bestaat er een geologische bodemdaling te Amsterdam sedert 1700?', Tijdschrift Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2e reeks, deel LXII which listed Amsterdam levels since 1700. The gauge readings themselves commenced in 1682. These data have since been corrected by the Rijkswaterstaat to give a time series for 1700-1925 measured relative to NAP. The new series is similar to van Veen's, and the new corrections applied are rather complicated, but it is listed below in full in view of its importance in sea level recording history; units are millimetres. To understand the recent corrections applied to these data consult the tables on pages 12-14 of the van Veen paper. Of these 'Middenstand' (column 4) is 'mean sea level' while 'Halftijstand' (column 7) is 'half tide level'. In van Veen's Fig.4 he plots the moving 3 year average of half tide over the period 1700-1860 with a line of best fit (i.e. the uncorrected trend line) and over the full period 1682-1930 a corrected trend line. The data shown below are computed as follows: (a) Period 1700-1860 (i.e. Reeks = Series A): mean sea level data of column 4 adjusted according to the differences between the uncorrected and the corrected trend line; (b) Period 1861-1871 (i.e. Reeks A'): of these, mean sea level data for 1861-1864 are uncorrected. The other seven years are half tide plus 0.5cm (being the difference between mean sea level and half tide according to page 12); (c) Period 1874 onwards (i.e. Reeks A''): for this period a trend line was drawn through the points indicated by Z ('Z-line') of Fig.4. Next the half tide figures of the table are adjusted according to the differences between the corrected trend line and the Z-line, after which the 0.5cm mentioned above is added to each value. (Contact address: Ir. J.De Ronde or Ir. J.van Malde, Dienst Getijdewateren, van Alkemadelaan 400, Postbus 20904, 2500 EX's-gravenhage, Netherlands). YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL YEAR LEVEL ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- 1700 -152 1768 -160 1821 -123 1875 -125 1701 -158 1769 -86 1822 -125 1876 -80 1702 -132 1770 -94 1823 -198 1877 -43 1703 -172 1771 -87 1824 -97 1878 -60 1704 -135 1772 -142 1825 -87 1879 -79 1705 -167 1773 -143 1826 -126 1880 -31 1706 -192 1774 -135 1827 -97 1881 -64 1707 -153 1775 -127 1828 -124 1882 -74 1708 -149 1776 -150 1829 -119 1883 -58 1709 -187 1777 -131 1830 -141 1884 -54 1710 -168 1778 -155 1831 -94 1885 -75 1711 -140 1779 -131 1832 -141 1886 -88 1712 -129 1780 -130 1833 -106 1887 -64 1713 -151 1781 -134 1834 -77 1888 -86 1714 -106 1782 -160 1835 -105 1889 -53 1715 -172 1783 -157 1836 -96 1890 -84 1716 -168 1784 -173 1837 -88 1891 -94 1717 -164 1785 -178 1838 -117 1892 -78 1718 -185 1786 -178 1839 -114 1893 -67 1719 -182 1787 -125 1840 -111 1894 -92 1720 -109 1788 -204 1841 -85 1895 -74 1721 -146 1789 -161 1842 -132 1896 -81 1722 -141 1790 -109 1843 -57 1897 -82 1723 -99 1791 -92 1844 -53 1898 -32 1724 -145 1792 -150 1845 -90 1899 -36 1725 -166 1793 -154 1846 -80 1900 -67 1726 -108 1794 -118 1847 -118 1901 -45 1727 -136 1795 -121 1848 -141 1902 -62 1728 -195 1796 -157 1849 -101 1903 -25 1729 -176 1797 -134 1850 -91 1904 -58 1730 -148 1798 -135 1851 -102 1905 -32 1731 -108 1799 -177 1852 -97 1906 -34 1732 -134 1800 -175 1853 -113 1907 -75 1733 -160 1801 -90 1854 -49 1908 -66 1734 -165 1802 -159 1855 -111 1909 -36 1735 -181 1803 -172 1856 -85 1910 -12 1736 -109 1804 -130 1857 -145 1911 -24 1737 -92 1805 -142 1858 -137 1912 -7 1738 -152 1806 -106 1859 -102 1913 -22 1739 -123 1807 -105 1860 -113 1914 0 1740 -124 1808 -183 1861 -94 1915 7 1741 -122 1809 -151 1862 -125 1916 -5 1742 -154 1810 -128 1863 -121 1917 -37 1743 -144 1811 -137 1864 -161 1918 -44 1744 -148 1812 -141 1865 -157 1919 -38 1745 -178 1813 -150 1866 -93 1920 14 1746 -178 1814 -185 1867 -58 1921 -10 1747 -142 1815 -144 1868 -91 1922 -16 1748 -147 1816 -113 1869 -75 1923 -38 1749 -167 1817 -102 1870 -129 1925 29 ------------- 1818 -160 1871 -141 1766 -175 1819 -158 ------------- 1767 -111 1820 -194 1874 -110 (2) 'Apparent land uplift at 20 sea level stations in Sweden 1895-1984' by M.Ekman, National Land Survey of Sweden Report 1986:6. (Address: National Land Survey of Sweden, Division of Geodetic Research, S-801 12, Gavle, Sweden) This contains annual mean values from 20 stations along the Swedish coast, most of which are from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), which is the supplier of Swedish data to the PSMSL, and three records (Stockholm, Gronskar and Gavle) for which the author is responsible. (3) 'A reinvestigation of the world's second longest series of sea level observations: Stockholm 1774-1984' by M.Ekman, National Land Survey of Sweden Report 1986:4. (Address as above). (4) 'Tables and graphs of annual mean sea level along the Japanese coast, 1894-1975' by the Coastal Movements Data Center, Japan. Anonymous author, published in 1976. (Address: Coastal Movements Data Centre, Kitazato-1, Yatabe-Machi, Tsukuba-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken 305, Japan). This report contains mostly annual mean values which are included in the PSMSL databank. However, several series start a few years before the corresponding monthly and annual PSMSL series. A major exception is Fukaura (PSMSL code 647/098), on the Japan Sea coast of northern Honshu, which commences in 1972 in the PSMSL record but 1897 in this report. (5) 'Monthly and annual mean sea levels at Trieste 1890-1984' by F.Stravisi and S.Ferraro, Bollettino di Oceanologia Teorica ed Applicata, 4(2), 1986, 97-104. This lists monthly and annual means for Trieste for 1905 onwards, which also can be found in the PSMSL databank, together with annual-only means for 1890-1904. (6) In his 'A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, During the Years 1839-43' (London: John Murray, 447pp.) Sir James Ross describes measurements of mean sea level made in Tasmania and the Falkland Islands. Tasmanian measurements were made at Port Arthur by Mr.T.J.Lempriere (July 1841) and the original benchmark still exists ('Early mean sea levels and tides in Tasmania' by B.Hamon, Search, 16, 274-277, 1985). The original observations have been lost. The Falklands Islands measurements were made by Ross at Port Louis every half-hour between 10 May and 6 September 1842. A copper plate recently confirmed to be still in existence is inscribed as being '5 feet 8 inches above the mean level of the ocean ...'. The original half-hour readings have not been located. (7) Annual-only values of mean tide level and mean high and low waters for several German North Sea stations including Borkum, Busum, Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Helgoland, Husum, Amrum and Wilhelmshaven are available from the Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut in Hamburg or from the PSMSL. The longest record is that from Cuxhaven for 1846 onwards. At the time of writing of this report, it is expected that the corresponding monthly means will eventually be made available; they will subsequently be incorporated into the PSMSL databank. (8) 'Account of the operation of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India XVI: Details of tidal observations' by J.Eccles, Survey of India, Dehra Dun, 1901, 152pp contains most of the early data from the Indian sub-continent included in Section 2. It also contains detailed descriptions of benchmarks and site plans etc. It should be noted that, because the benchmarks are so very well documented, these mean sea level measurements can be considered as some of the most reliable.