THE TABLE BELOW NEEDS TO BE UPDATED (2005 NB7, 2008 BT18, 1991 VH, and several non-binaries are not yet included) Radar Radar H range NEAs binaries % binaries ------- ----- -------- ---------- 13.0 <= H < 14.0 3 1 33 (or 0% if we don't count Sisyphus) 14.0 <= H < 15.0 7 0 0 15.0 <= H < 16.0 13 0 0 16.0 <= H < 17.0 21 7 33 17.0 <= H < 18.0 28 2 7 18.0 <= H < 19.0 27 6 22 19.0 <= H < 20.0 26 4 15 20.0 <= H < 21.0 25 3 12 21.0 <= H < 22.0 14 1 7 H >= 22.0 35 0 0 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = DELTA-V RANKINGS ================ Delta-v rankings for _all_ NEA binaries observed by radar and photometrically. These lists do not include 2004 RZ164, a possible binary reported by Kwiatkowski et al. 2007, or 2000 PJ5, a possible binary reported by Polishook and Brosch (2008). Number of NEAs in the MPC database = 5632 RADAR BINARY = Binary observed by radar, but not necessarily discovered by radar BINARY = Binary observed photometrically but not (yet) by radar SPACECRAFT RENDEZVOUS --------------------- DELTA-V (ASTEROID)/ PROVISIONAL DELTA-V DELTA-V FOR RANK PERCENTILE ASTEROID NAME DESIGNATION (KM/S) THE MOON MARS H (mag) a (AU) e i (deg) ==== ========== ============= =========== ======= ======== ==== ======= ====== === ====== 241 95.86 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 5.098 0.850 0.809 18.4 1.644 0.384 3.4 RADAR BINARY 590 89.86 (162000) 1990 OS 5.674 0.946 0.901 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 RADAR BINARY 828 85.77 (153591) 2001 SN263 5.966 0.994 0.947 16.5 1.988 0.478 6.7 RADAR BINARY 832 85.70 (185851) 2000 DP107 5.969 0.995 0.947 18.2 1.365 0.377 8.7 RADAR BINARY 908 84.39 (85938) 1999 DJ4 6.032 1.005 0.958 18.6 1.853 0.483 9.1 RADAR BINARY 1346 76.86 2007 DT103 6.354 1.059 1.009 19.2 2.209 0.574 5.4 RADAR BINARY 1357 76.68 (35107) 1991 VH 6.364 1.061 1.010 16.9 1.137 0.144 13.9 BINARY 1585 72.76 2005 NB7 6.506 1.084 1.033 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 RADAR BINARY 1763 69.70 (175706) 1996 FG3 6.609 1.102 1.049 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 BINARY 1793 69.18 2003 SS84 6.623 1.104 1.051 21.8 1.931 0.570 5.5 RADAR BINARY 1858 68.06 (31345) 1998 PG 6.663 1.110 1.058 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 BINARY 1885 67.60 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 6.684 1.114 1.061 16.7 1.981 0.391 8.3 BINARY 1975 66.05 2002 BM26 6.735 1.123 1.069 20.1 1.832 0.445 16.2 RADAR BINARY 1998 65.66 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 6.747 1.125 1.071 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 BINARY 2013 65.40 2008 BT18 6.754 1.126 1.072 18.3 2.217 0.597 8.1 RADAR BINARY 2240 61.50 2000 UG11 6.877 1.146 1.092 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 RADAR BINARY 2680 53.94 2004 DC 7.148 1.191 1.135 18.1 1.634 0.400 19.4 RADAR BINARY 3056 47.47 2005 AB 7.469 1.245 1.186 17.5 3.219 0.655 8.2 RADAR BINARY 3059 47.42 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 7.471 1.245 1.186 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 RADAR BINARY 3362 42.21 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 7.775 1.296 1.234 17.5 1.656 0.624 6.1 RADAR BINARY 3579 38.48 1994 XD 8.057 1.343 1.279 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 RADAR BINARY 3864 33.59 2002 KK8 8.486 1.414 1.347 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 RADAR BINARY 3966 31.83 2006 VV2 8.628 1.438 1.370 16.8 2.390 0.604 23.7 RADAR BINARY 4366 24.96 (88710) 2001 SL9 9.322 1.554 1.480 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 BINARY 4633 20.37 2006 GY2 9.873 1.645 1.567 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 RADAR BINARY 4774 17.94 1994 AW1 10.252 1.709 1.627 17.6 1.105 0.075 24.1 BINARY 5342 8.18 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 12.834 2.139 2.037 13.0 1.894 0.539 41.2 RADAR BINARY 5346 8.11 1998 ST27 12.887 2.148 2.046 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 RADAR BINARY 5368 7.73 (137170) 1999 HF1 13.032 2.172 2.069 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 BINARY 5502 5.43 2002 CE26 14.081 2.347 2.235 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 RADAR BINARY 5684 2.30 (164121) 2003 YT1 16.470 2.745 2.614 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 RADAR BINARY 5758 1.03 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 18.892 3.149 2.999 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 RADAR BINARY 5770 0.83 (66063) 1998 RO1 19.402 3.234 3.080 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 RADAR BINARY 5798 0.34 (66391) 1999 KW4 21.300 3.550 3.381 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 RADAR BINARY SPACECRAFT FLYBY ---------------- Provisional Delta-v H a e i Rank Percentile Asteroid number and name Designation (km/s) (mag) (AU) (deg) ==== ========== ======================== =========== ======= ===== ===== ===== ===== 159 97.27 (175706) 1996 FG3 4.020 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 BINARY 561 90.36 (35107) 1991 VH 4.499 16.9 1.137 0.144 13.9 BINARY 851 85.37 (185851) 2000 DP107 4.774 18.2 1.365 0.377 8.7 RADAR BINARY 1081 81.42 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 4.998 18.4 1.644 0.384 3.4 RADAR BINARY 1235 78.77 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 5.113 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 RADAR BINARY 1277 78.05 (162000) 1990 OS 5.144 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 RADAR BINARY 1627 72.04 (88710) 2001 SL9 5.400 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 BINARY 1752 69.89 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 5.482 17.5 1.656 0.624 6.1 RADAR BINARY 1828 68.58 1994 AW1 5.526 17.6 1.105 0.075 24.1 BINARY 1967 66.19 (31345) 1998 PG 5.598 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 BINARY 2044 64.87 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 5.643 16.7 1.981 0.391 8.3 BINARY 2114 63.66 (85938) 1999 DJ4 5.681 18.6 1.853 0.483 9.1 RADAR BINARY 2184 62.46 (153591) 2001 SN263 5.720 16.5 1.988 0.478 6.7 RADAR BINARY 2242 61.46 2003 SS84 5.748 21.8 1.931 0.570 5.5 RADAR BINARY 2618 55.00 2000 UG11 5.906 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 RADAR BINARY 3007 48.32 2007 DT103 6.068 19.2 2.209 0.574 5.4 RADAR BINARY 3198 45.03 2002 BM26 6.154 20.1 1.832 0.445 16.2 RADAR BINARY 3200 45.00 2004 DC 6.154 18.1 1.634 0.400 19.4 RADAR BINARY 3324 42.87 2005 NB7 6.218 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 RADAR BINARY 3340 42.59 2008 BT18 6.225 18.3 2.217 0.597 8.1 RADAR BINARY 3686 36.64 1994 XD 6.391 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 RADAR BINARY 3849 33.84 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 6.489 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 BINARY 4392 24.51 (137170) 1999 HF1 6.886 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 BINARY 4554 21.73 2005 AB 7.100 17.5 3.219 0.655 8.2 RADAR BINARY 4617 20.64 1998 ST27 7.171 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 RADAR BINARY 4732 18.67 2002 KK8 7.331 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 RADAR BINARY 5006 13.96 (66391) 1999 KW4 7.877 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 RADAR BINARY 5011 13.87 2006 VV2 7.884 16.8 2.390 0.604 23.7 RADAR BINARY 5151 11.46 2006 GY2 8.184 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 RADAR BINARY 5432 6.63 (164121) 2003 YT1 9.168 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 RADAR BINARY 5597 3.80 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 10.189 13.0 1.894 0.539 41.2 RADAR BINARY 5656 2.78 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 10.775 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 RADAR BINARY 5710 1.86 2002 CE26 11.804 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 RADAR BINARY 5816 0.03 (66063) 1998 RO1 18.576 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 RADAR BINARY = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = TISSERAND PARAMETER RANKINGS FOR BINARIES Tisserand Parameter is computed from T = aj/a + 2.0*cos(i)*sqrt((a/aj)*(1.0 - e*e)) where aj is the semimajor axis of Jupiter, a is the semimajor axis of an asteroid, i is the asteroid's inclination, and e is the asteroid's eccentricity. In general, most Jupiter-family (short period) comets have T < 3.0 and ~90% of numbered asteroids with a < 3.3 AU have T > 3. PROVISIONAL TISSERAND RANK PERCENTILE ASTEROID NAME DESIGNATION PARAMETER H (mag) a (AU) e i (deg) Q (AU) q (AU) ==== ========== ============= =========== ========= ======= ====== = ======= ====== ====== 133 97.71 2005 AB 2.793 17.5 3.219 0.655 8.2 5.327 1.111 RADAR BINARY 545 90.63 2002 CE26 3.066 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 3.483 0.985 RADAR BINARY 709 87.81 1994 XD 3.126 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 4.071 0.627 RADAR BINARY 818 85.94 2006 VV2 3.166 16.8 2.390 0.604 23.7 3.834 0.946 RADAR BINARY 1473 74.68 2008 BT18 3.384 18.3 2.217 0.597 8.1 3.541 0.893 RADAR BINARY 1598 72.53 2007 DT103 3.418 19.2 2.209 0.574 5.4 3.477 0.941 RADAR BINARY 1628 72.02 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 3.429 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 3.389 1.007 BINARY 1877 67.74 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 3.512 13.0 1.894 0.539 41.2 2.915 0.873 RADAR BINARY 2160 62.87 2005 NB7 3.591 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 3.102 0.988 RADAR BINARY 2307 60.35 2002 KK8 3.651 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 2.861 1.045 RADAR BINARY 2402 58.71 2000 UG11 3.684 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 3.033 0.823 RADAR BINARY 2422 58.37 2003 SS84 3.691 21.8 1.931 0.570 5.5 3.032 0.830 RADAR BINARY 2430 58.23 2006 GY2 3.694 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 2.778 0.938 RADAR BINARY 2432 58.20 (153591) 2001 SN263 3.696 16.5 1.988 0.478 6.7 2.938 1.038 RADAR BINARY 2489 57.22 (31345) 1998 PG 3.720 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 2.803 1.227 BINARY 2549 56.19 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 3.750 16.7 1.981 0.391 8.3 2.756 1.206 BINARY 2724 53.18 (85938) 1999 DJ4 3.840 18.6 1.853 0.483 9.1 2.748 0.958 RADAR BINARY 2782 52.18 2002 BM26 3.860 20.1 1.832 0.445 16.2 2.647 1.017 RADAR BINARY 3135 46.12 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 4.018 17.5 1.656 0.624 6.1 2.689 0.623 RADAR BINARY 3307 43.16 (162000) 1990 OS 4.108 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 2.453 0.903 RADAR BINARY 3378 41.94 2004 DC 4.153 18.1 1.634 0.400 19.4 2.288 0.980 RADAR BINARY 3464 40.46 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 4.201 18.4 1.644 0.384 3.4 2.275 1.013 RADAR BINARY 3786 34.93 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 4.414 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 2.293 0.647 RADAR BINARY 4315 25.83 (185851) 2000 DP107 4.749 18.2 1.365 0.377 8.7 1.880 0.850 RADAR BINARY 4918 15.47 (164121) 2003 YT1 5.322 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 1.434 0.786 RADAR BINARY 5025 13.63 (35107) 1991 VH 5.474 16.9 1.137 0.144 13.9 1.301 0.973 BINARY 5084 12.62 1994 AW1 5.547 17.6 1.105 0.075 24.1 1.188 1.022 BINARY 5190 10.79 (88710) 2001 SL9 5.710 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 1.347 0.775 BINARY 5227 10.16 (175706) 1996 FG3 5.779 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 1.423 0.685 BINARY 5241 9.92 (66063) 1998 RO1 5.809 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 1.705 0.277 RADAR BINARY 5344 8.15 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 6.028 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 1.227 0.667 RADAR BINARY 5689 2.22 1998 ST27 6.981 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 1.253 0.385 RADAR BINARY 5691 2.18 (137170) 1999 HF1 6.987 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 1.197 0.441 BINARY 5810 0.14 (66391) 1999 KW4 8.501 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 1.084 0.200 RADAR BINARY = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = NEA binaries with H < 22.0 (diameters > ~200 meters) detected since January 1, 1999: 25/143 = 17.5% This does not include 2003 SS84, which is probably < 200 m in diameter. Note: the tabulations below include 1866 Sisyphus but do NOT include 2004 RZ164, a possible binary reported by Kwiatkowski et al. 2007, or 2000 PJ5, a possible binary reported by Polishook and Brosch (2008). Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered by radar: 22/34 = 65% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered photometrically: 12/34 = 35% Percentage of all NEA binaries detected by radar: 27/34 = 79% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries detected photometrically: 15/34 = 44% (Lightcurves of 1998 ST27, Hermes, 2003 YT1, 2002 CE26, Apollo, and Sisyphus do not show evidence for secondaries.) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered at Arecibo: 18/34 = 53% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered at Goldstone: 4/34 = 12% Percentage of all NEA radar binaries detected at Arecibo: 26/27 = 96% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA radar binaries detected at Goldstone: 11/27 = 41% Percentage of all NEA binaries since January 1999 discovered by radar: 21/27 = 78% Percentage of all NEA binaries since January 1999 detected by radar: 25/27 = 93% Percentage of NEA radar binaries that are "Potentially Hazardous:" 21/27 = 78% Percentage of NEA binaries discovered by radar (including Sisyphus) that were targets-of-opportunity: 12/22 = 54.5% Photometry of 1999 KW4 in 1999 showed tentative evidence of mutual events, but the binary status of that object was not discovered until radar observations at Goldstone in 2001. 1998 RO1, Didymos, and 1999 DJ4, were strongly suspected of being binaries based on lightcurves prior to observations by radar. Photometry of 2006 VV2 suggested a binary in mid-March 2007 but not at the level required for an IAU Circular by the Binary Asteroid Photometric Survey. Its binary status became clear on March 27, 2007 based on observations at Goldstone. 1990 OS was first detected by radar in 1990 but was unrecognized as a binary system until November, 2003. 1862 Apollo was first detected by radar in 1980 but was unrecognized as a binary system until November, 2005. August, 2007 update: 1866 Sisyphus was suspected of being a binary in December, 1985 based on a narrow spike in CW data that did not move in frequency with the asteroid's 2.4 hour rotation period. Similar echo power spectra were not seen again with any asteroid until September, 2000 when 2000 DP107 was recognized as a binary based on both CW spectra and delay-Doppler imaging. Due to the narrow spikes observed in most known binaries, we now classify Sisyphus as a binary system. With an estimated diameter of about 8 km, Sisyphus is by far the largest binary NEA known. For additional lists of binary NEAs, their discovery history, and estimated physical properties, see Petr Pravec's website at: http://www.asu.cas.cz/~asteroid/binneas.htm#1 [THIS IS NOW OUTDATED] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = FUTURE EARTH APPROACHES WITHIN 0.1 AU THROUGH 2099 ================================================== Date Distance (AU) 1862 Apollo 2046 Nov 0.0353 2048 May 0.0498 2080 Nov 0.0980 2082 May 0.0333 1866 Sisyphus NONE Approaches within 0.51 AU in Dec. 2011 but the secondary is probably too small to detect photometrically. Sisyphus radar opportunities: 2011 Dec 0.606 Marginal CW target: daily SNR ~5 2032 Nov 0.470 Weak CW target: daily SNR ~15 2045 Nov 0.304 Coarse resolution imaging opportunity: daily SNR ~100 2058 Nov 0.154 Good imaging opportunity: daily SNR > 1000 2071 Nov 0.116 Good imaging opportunity: daily SNR > 1000 3671 Dionysus 2085 Jun 0.0280 5381 Sekhmet NONE 7088 Ishtar NONE 31345 1998 PG NONE 35107 1991 VH 2008 Aug 0.0458 2025 Aug 0.0781 2048 Aug 0.0897 2065 Aug 0.0445 2088 Aug 0.0453 65803 Didymos 2022 Oct 0.0712 2062 Oct 0.0496 66063 1998 RO1 2076 Sep 0.0975 1998 RO1 makes many close approaches to Mercury, including one within 0.0054 AU in 2065. 66391 1999 KW4 2018 May 0.0782 2019 May 0.0346 2036 May 0.0155 2053 May 0.0678 2054 May 0.0457 2071 May 0.0175 2088 May 0.0866 2089 May 0.0238 69230 Hermes 2040 Apr 0.0282 2057 Apr 0.0265 2069 Oct 0.0860 2086 Oct 0.0244 85938 1999 DJ4 2057 Mar 0.0846 2062 May 0.0865 88710 2001 SL9 NONE 137170 1999 HF1 NONE 153591 2001 SN263 2008 Feb 0.0659 1990 OS 2040 Sep 0.0824 2053 Nov 0.0204 2077 Oct 0.0862 1994 AW1 2015 Jul 0.0650 2058 Jul 0.0650 2094 Jul 0.0825 1994 XD 2012 Nov 0.0518 2023 Jun 0.0211 2041 Jun 0.0153 1996 FG3 2022 May 0.0783 2050 Nov 0.0565 2063 Nov 0.0617 2086 Apr 0.0570 2099 May 0.0661 1998 ST27 2024 Oct 0.0238 2047 Oct 0.0752 2050 Oct 0.0920 2073 Oct 0.0338 2096 Oct 0.0444 1998 ST27 also makes frequent close approaches to Mercury. 2000 DP107 2008 Sep 0.0579 2067 Sep 0.0424 2075 Sep 0.0457 2000 UG11 2067 Nov 0.0805 2067 Nov 0.0867 (2000 PJ5 2018 Jul 0.194 Possible binary; Polishook & Brosch 2008 2027 Jul 0.183 This object does not approach within 0.1 AU until at least 2100. 2049 Jul 0.176 2071 Jul 0.182 2080 Jul 0.196 2093 Jul 0.198 ) 2002 BM26 2069 Jan 0.0940 2002 CE26 NONE 2002 KK8 2054 Jun 0.0740 2003 SS84 2020 Feb 0.0997 2054 Oct 0.0468 2003 YT1 2016 Oct 0.0348 2023 Nov 0.0594 2066 Apr 0.0675 2073 Apr 0.0113 2085 Nov 0.0401 2004 DC 2077 Jun 0.0272 (2004 RZ164 2074 Dec 0.0525 Possible binary; Kwiatkowski et al. 2007) 2005 AB NONE 2005 NB7 2008 Apr 0.0422 2046 Apr 0.0294 2006 GY2 2044 May 0.0291 2006 VV2 NONE The next time that 2006 VV2 might be detectable with radar is in 2092 (0.14 AU). The next approach within 0.1 AU will occur in March, 2177 at 0.032 AU. 2007 DT103 2007 Jul 0.0238 2089 Jul 0.0664 2008 BT18 2008 Jul 0.0151 2072 Feb 0.0182 Last update: 2008 December 17