Catalogue Query Results
Coccus longulus (Douglas)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecanium angustatum; Douglas, 1887a: 25. Misidentification.
Lecanium longulum Douglas, 1887b: 97. Type data: ENGLAND: Harrow, on Acacia catechu. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Ben-Dov, 1977: 93. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female.
Lecanium chirimoliae Maskell, 1890: 137. Type data: FIJI: on Annona tripetala. Syntypes, female. Described: female. Synonymy by Cockerell, 1893g: 50. Notes: Type material probably lost (Deitz & Tocker, 1980).
Lecanium ficus Maskell, 1897b: 243. Type data: CHINA: Swatow, on Ficus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand. Described: female. Synonymy by Sanders, 1909a: 438.
Coccus longulum; Kirkaldy, 1902: 106. Change of combination.
Coccus ficus; Fernald, 1903b: 168. Change of combination.
Lecanium frontale Green, 1904d: 192. Type data: SRI LANKA [=CEYLON]: Pundaluoya, on Calophyllum sp. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Ben-Dov, 1977: 93. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Synonymy by Sanders, 1909a: 438.
Coccus frontalis; Sanders, 1906: 8. Change of combination.
Coccus elongatus; Sanders, 1909a: 438. Incorrect synonymy; discovered by Ben-Dov, 1977: 89.
Lecanium (Coccus) celtium Kuwana, 1909b: 162. Type data: JAPAN: Ogasawara Islands (=Bonin Islands), on Celtis sinensis. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan. Described: female. Synonymy by Takahashi, 1955b: 69.
Coccus celtium; Sasscer, 1911: 66. Change of combination.
Lecanium (Coccus) longulus; Pettit & McDaniel, 1920: 17. Change of combination.
Coccus elongatum; Brain, 1920a: 5. Misidentification.
Lecanium wistariae Brain, 1920a: 8. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Uitenhage, on Wistaria [=Wisteria] sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa. Described: female. Synonymy by De Lotto, 1957c: 301.
Coccus (Lecanium) longulus; Hall, 1922: 19. Change of combination and rank.
Leucanium frontal; Seabra, 1925: 37. Misspelling of genus and species names.
Lecanium kraunhianum Lindinger, 1928: 107. Replacement name for Lecanium wistariae Brain; synonymy by De Lotto, 1959: 160.
Lecanium (Coccus) frontale; Green, 1937: 299. Change of combination.
Coccus frontalis; Mamet, 1943a: 151. Change of combination.
Coccus celticum; Takahashi, 1955b: 69. Misspelling of species name.
Parthenolecanium wistaricola Borchsenius, 1957: 349. Replacement name for Lecanium wistariae Brain; synonymy by De Lotto, 1965a: 192.
Coccus longulus; Ben-Dov, 1977: 89. Revived status.
Coccus logulus; Moharana, 1990: 48. Misspelling of species name.
COMMON NAME: long brown scale [GillNaWi1977, HamonWi1984, Gill1988, BenDov1993].
HOSTS: Agavaceae: Agave sisalana [Nakaha1981a], Dracaena [Nakaha1981a]. Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica [Nakaha1981a], Rhus [Ali1971]. Annonaceae: Annona [Green1904d, EzzatHu1969, Ali1971, Nakaha1983, HodgsoHi1990, Jansen1995], Annona cherimolia [Green1937, Ali1971], Annona glabra [Ali1971], Annona montana [Ali1971], Annona muricata [Green1904d, Ali1971, NakahaMi1981, Nakaha1981a], Annona reticulata [Mamet1943a, WilliaWi1988], Annona squamosa [Green1907, CockerRo1915a, Mamet1943a, DeLott1957c, Ali1971, BenDov1977], Cananga odorata [WilliaWa1990]. Apocynaceae: Ervatamia orientalis [WilliaWa1990], Plumeria [Nakaha1981a]. Araceae: Anthurium [BenDov1977, Nakaha1981a], Caladium [Nakaha1981a], Colocasia esculenta [WilliaWa1990], Cyrtosperma chamissonis [WilliaWa1990], Dieffenbachia picta [WilliaWa1990], Epipremnum pinnatum [WilliaWa1990], Spathiphyllum [Nakaha1981a], Spathiphyllum lanceifolium [NakahaMi1981], Spathipyllum blandum [Green1904d]. Araliaceae: Schefflera [WilliaWa1990]. Arecaceae: Archontophoenix cunninghami [Nakaha1981a], Areca catechu [Ali1971, Nakaha1981a], Chamaerops humilis [CarnerPe1986], Cocos nucifera [Nakaha1981a], Ptychosperma sanderianum [Nakaha1981a]. Asteraceae: Cosmos [Nakaha1981a], Senecio [WilliaWa1990], Wedelia biflora [WilliaWa1990]. Begoniaceae: Begonia [GillNaWi1977, Nakaha1981a]. Bignoniaceae: Tabebuia heterophylla [GillNaWi1977], Tecoma smithii [Hall1923, EzzatHu1969]. Boraginaceae: Cordia [WilliaWa1990]. Cannaceae: Canna [Nakaha1981a]. Caricaceae: Carica papaya [Kirkal1902, Nakaha1981a]. Casuarinaceae: Casuarina [Green1907, Mamet1943a, Nakaha1981a, HodgsoHi1990], Casuarina equisetifolia [Mamet1943a, Ali1971, WilliaWi1988]. Clusiaceae: Calophyllum [Green1904d, Green1937, Ali1971], Calophyllum inophyllum [Ali1971], Hypericum [HodgsoHe2000]. Cobaeaceae: Cobaea scandens [Nakaha1981a]. Commelinaceae: Zebrina pendula [Nakaha1981a]. Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbita pepo [Mamet1943a, WilliaWi1988]. Cupressaceae: Thuja compacta [AvasthSh1991]. Erythroxylaceae: Erythroxylum [WilliaWa1990], Erythroxylum coca [KawaiMaUm1971], Erythroxylum coca spruceanum [Ali1971]. Euphorbiaceae: Acalypha [Nakaha1981a], Acalypha tricolor [WilliaWa1990], Aleurites fordii [WilliaWa1990], Aleurites moluccana [Nakaha1981a], Aleurites triloba [WilliaWa1990], Codiaeum [Laing1933, Nakaha1981a, HodgsoHi1990], Codiaeum variegatum [Ferris1921a, Ali1971, GillNaWi1977], Croton [Ali1971, GillNaWi1977], Euphorbia [Nakaha1981a, HodgsoHi1990], Euphorbia pulcherrima [Dougla1887b, Nakaha1981a], Excoecaria agallocha [Ramakr1930, Ali1971, ShafeeYoKh1989, WilliaWa1990], Jatropha curcas [WilliaWa1990], Jatropha hastata [Nakaha1981a], Pedilanthus [WilliaWa1990]. Fabaceae: Acacia [Hall1922, Ramakr1930, Hall1935, DeLott1957c, KfirRo1980, Nakaha1981a], Acacia [Kirkal1902, Green1904d], Acacia arabica [Hall1922, Hall1923], Acacia catechu [Dougla1887b, Green1904d], Acacia confusa [Ferris1921a, Ali1971], Acacia culturiformis [Hodgso1967], Acacia dealba [Green1904d, Ali1971], Acacia decurrens [Hall1935], Acacia farnesiana [Ballou1926], Acacia longifolia [GillNaWi1977], Acacia melanoxylon [Brain1920a, Hall1935, DeLott1957c], Acacia mellifera [WilliaWa1990], Acacia seyal [DeLott1957c], Acacia simplex [WilliaWa1990], Albizia [Green1896, Green1904d, Newste1911, Ramakr1930, Hall1935, Ali1971], Albizia falcata [WilliaWa1990], Albizia lebbek [Hall1923, Mamet1943a, Mamet1951, Mamet1978, Matile1988], Arachis hypogaea [Mamet1954], Bauhinia [Mamet1943a, BenDov1977], Caesalpinia decapetala [DeLott1957c], Caesalpinia pulcherrima [WilliaWa1990], Cajanus cajan [Hall1922, DeLott1957c, NakahaMi1981, Nakaha1983, EtiennMa1993], Cajanus flavus [Nakaha1981a, EtiennMa1993], Cajanus indicus [Hall1922, Hall1935], Calliandra haematocephala [Ali1971], Carmichaelia australis [HodgsoHe2000], Cassia [Almeid1973b], Cassia grandis [Nakaha1981a], Cassia siamea [EtiennMa1993], Ceratonia siliqua [BenDov1977], Chordospartium stevensonii [HodgsoHe2000], Dalbergia assamica [DeLott1957c], Delonix regia [Nakaha1981a], Derris [WilliaWa1990], Derris laxiflora [Ali1971], Desmodium umbellatum [WilliaWa1990], Dichrostachys nutans [Hall1923], Dolichos [DeLott1957c], Gliricidia maculata [WilliaWa1990], Gliricidia sepium [GillNaWi1977], Glycine hispida [WilliaWi1988], Inocarpus fagifer [WilliaWa1990], Leucaena glauca [WilliaWa1990], Leucaena leucocephala [WilliaWa1990], Millettia nitida [Ali1971], Mimosa pudica [WilliaWa1990], Mucuna [Nakaha1981a], Phaseolus limensis [Nakaha1981a], Phaseolus puearia [NakahaMi1981], Pithecellobium dulce [Ali1971, GillNaWi1977], Pithecellobium saman [Ballou1926, WilliaWa1990], Pongamia glabra [ShafeeYoKh1989], Pterocarpus indicus [WilliaWa1990], Pueraria thunbergiana [DeLott1957c], Samanea saman [Ali1971], Tamarindus indica [ShafeeYoKh1989], Tephrosia candida [WilliaWa1990], Vigna unquiculata [WilliaWa1990, EtiennMa1993], Wisteria [Brain1920a]. Felicidae: 'Ferns' [HodgsoHi1990]. Geraniaceae: Pelargonium [Nakaha1981a]. Lamiaceae: Coleus [Nakaha1981a]. Lauraceae: Laurus [HodgsoHi1990], Persea americana [WilliaWa1990], Persea borbonia [GillNaWi1977]. Liliaceae: Cordyline terminalis [Nakaha1981a]. Loranthaceae: Loranthus [Green1904d, Ramakr1930], Loranthus longiflorus [Green1937, Ali1971]. Magnoliaceae: Magnolia stellata [HodgsoHe2000]. Malpighiaceae: Malpighia glabra [Mamet1943a]. Malvaceae: Gossypium herbaceum [Ferris1921a], Hibiscus [Hodgso1967, Nakaha1981a, HodgsoHi1990], Hibiscus rosa-sinensis [Ferris1921a, Ali1971], Hibiscus tiliaceus [WilliaWa1990], Malvastrum tricuspidatum [KawaiMaUm1971], Malvaviscus arboreus [WilliaWa1990]. Moraceae: Artocarpus heterophyllus [WilliaWa1990], Artocarpus integra [WilliaWa1990], Ficus [Green1904d, DeLott1957c, EzzatHu1969], Ficus benghalensis [KfirRo1980], Ficus benjamina [WilliaWa1990], Ficus boninsimae [KawaiMaUm1971], Ficus carica [WilliaWa1990], Ficus lyrata [BenDov1977], Ficus megapoda [Mamet1959a], Ficus nitida [Hall1923], Ficus retusa [Green1930c, Ali1971, BenDov1977], Ficus rubiginosa [BenDov1977], Ficus tinctoria [WilliaWa1990], Morus [Ali1971], Morus alba [Ferris1921a, Ali1971, BenDov1977]. Musaceae: Musa [WilliaWa1990, Nakaha1981a]. Myricaceae: Myrica fragifera [Green1904d], Myrica rubra [Ferris1921a, Ali1971]. Myrtaceae: Metrosideros [Nakaha1981a], Myrtus communis [Brain1920a], Psidium [Kirkal1902, Green1904d], Psidium guajava [Nakaha1981a], Syzygium [HodgsoHi1990]. Nyctaginaceae: Bougainvillea [Nakaha1981a]. Oleaceae: Ligustrum [Nakaha1981a], Osmanthus fragrans [Ali1971]. Oxalidaceae: Averrhoa carambola [Green1904d, WilliaWa1990]. Pinaceae: Pinus caribaea [WilliaWa1990]. Plumbaginaceae: Plumbago capensis [Nakaha1981a]. Poaceae: Bambusa [Kirkal1902, Green1904d, Nakaha1981a], Brachiaria brizantha [Hall1935], Saccharum officinarum [GomezM1957]. Proteaceae: Finschia [WilliaWa1990], Grevillea [Green1896, Green1904d], Grevillea robusta [Green1937, Ali1971]. Rhizophoraceae: Bruguiera sexangula [Nakaha1981a]. Rosaceae: Rosa [Brain1920a, Mamet1943a, GillNaWi1977, Nakaha1981a, HodgsoHi1990], Rubus [Hodgso1967, Nakaha1981a]. Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [WilliaWa1990], Coffea canephora [WilliaWa1990], Gardenia [Nakaha1981a], Gardenia florida [Ali1971], Ixora [Nakaha1981a]. Rutaceae: Boninia glabra [KawaiMaUm1971], Citrus [Kirkal1902, Green1904d, Ali1971, Nakaha1981a, SmithBeBr1997], Citrus limon [WilliaWa1990], Citrus reticulata [BenDov1977, ShafeeYoKh1989], Citrus sinensis [Ali1971], Melicope ternata [HodgsoHe2000]. Sapindaceae: Litchi chinensis [Ali1971, GillNaWi1977], Pometia pinnata [Ali1971]. Solanaceae: Cestrum [Nakaha1981a]. Sterculiaceae: Theobroma cacao [Strick1947a, WilliaWa1990]. Strelitziaceae: Strelitzia [Nakaha1981a]. Theaceae: Camellia [Nakaha1981a]. Ulmaceae: Celtis boninensis [KawaiMaUm1971], Celtis sinensis [Kuwana1909a, Sassce1911]. Urticaceae: Boehmeria boninensis [KawaiMaUm1971]. Vitaceae: Cissus sicyoides [Ballou1926], Vitis [Green1908a, Ramakr1930, Ali1971, ShafeeYoKh1989], Vitis vinifera [Green1908a, Hall1923, Hall1935, Hodgso1967, EzzatHu1969, Ali1971], Vitis vinifera [ShafeeYoKh1989, HodgsoHe2000].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Agalega Islands [Mamet1978]; Angola [Almeid1973b]; Cape Verde [VanHarCoWi1990, BenDov1993]; Kenya [DeLott1957c]; Madagascar [Mamet1951, Mamet1954, Mamet1962]; Mauritius [Mamet1943a]; Saint Helena [BenDov1993]; Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome [Seabra1925]); Senegal [EtiennMa1993]; Seychelles [Green1907, Mamet1943a]; South Africa [Brain1920a, Mamet1943a, DeLott1957c]; Uganda [Newste1911]; Zimbabwe [Hodgso1967]. Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [SmithBeBr1997], Northern Territory [Frogga1915], Queensland [SmithBeBr1997], South Australia); Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) [Kawai1987]. Australasian: Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) [Mamet1943a]. Australasian: Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands); Fiji [Mamet1943a]; French Polynesia (Society Islands [DoaneHa1909]); Guam; Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii [Kirkal1902, Kirkal1904, Mamet1943a]); Kiribati (Gilbert Islands); Marshall Islands; New Caledonia [Laing1933]; New Zealand [Mamet1943a, HodgsoHe2000]; Northern Mariana Islands [Mamet1943a]; Palau [Mamet1943a]; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) [WilliaBu1987]; Western Samoa [BenDov1993]. Nearctic: Mexico [Cocker1899n, Mamet1943a]. Nearctic: Mexico (Chihuahua). Nearctic: Mexico (Distrito Federal [BenDov1993], Guerrero [BenDov1993], Nuevo Leon [BenDov1993], San Luis Potosi [BenDov1993], Veracruz [BenDov1993]); United States of America (Alabama [BenDov1993], California [BenDov1993], Delaware [BenDov1993], Florida [BenDov1993], Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas). Neotropical: Bermuda [HodgsoHi1991, HodgsoHi1990]; Brazil (Espirito Santo [CulikMaVe2007]); Colombia; Cuba [Ballou1926]; Ecuador; Guadeloupe [MatileEt2006]; Honduras; Panama [Cocker1899n]; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island (Puerto Rico [NakahaMi1981]); U.S. Virgin Islands. Oriental: India [Green1908a, Ramakr1919a, Ramakr1930, Mamet1943a, Ali1971] [ShafeeYoKh1989] (Andhra Pradesh [AvasthSh1991], Assam [Green1908a, Ali1971, AvasthSh1991], Karnataka [AvasthSh1991], Tamil Nadu [AvasthSh1991]); Indonesia (Sumatra [Ali1971]); Philippines [Cocker1905f, Mamet1943a, Ali1971]; Sri Lanka [Green1896, Green1904d, Green1937, Mamet1943a, Ali1971]; Taiwan [Ferris1921a, Mamet1943a, Ali1971, WongChCh1999]; Thailand [Ali1971]. Palaearctic: Canary Islands; China [Mamet1943a]; Cyprus; Egypt [Hall1922, Hall1923, Mamet1943a, EzzatHu1969, EzzatNa1987]; France [Mamet1943a, Ali1971]; Germany; Israel [BenDov1977, KfirRo1980, BenDov1993]; Japan [Sassce1911, Kuwana1917, Mamet1943a]; Lebanon; Netherlands [Jansen1995]; Saudi Arabia; United Kingdom (England [Mamet1943a]).
BIOLOGY: El-Minshawy & Moursi (1976) studied the duration of development and fecundity on guava, in Egypt. Buckley & Gullan (1991) showed, in Papua New Guinea, that attendance by the aggressive ant, Iridomyrmex nitidus (Mayr), reduces the rate of parasitization.
GENERAL REMARKS: Most records of Coccus elongatus (Signoret) - of authors - until 1977, were misidentifications of Coccus longulus. Description and illustration of the adult female given by Ben-Dov (1977), Gill et al. (1977), Tao et al. (1980), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).
STRUCTURE: Adult female elongate oval; up to 7 mm long; dorsum of young female yellow with dark brown mottling, while in fully grown female it is uniformly brown. Colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.10), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Wong et al. (1999), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Germain et al., (2003).
SYSTEMATICS: Ben-Dov (1977) showed that the earliest available binomen for this species was Lecanium longulum Douglas and not Lecanium elongatum Signoret. The erroneous synonymy of L. elongatum over L. longulum and the erroneous usage of the former were introduced by Sanders (1909). Lecanium elongatum Signoret is a junior synonym of Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius).
KEYS: Hodgson & Henderson 2000: 195 (female) [New Zealand]; Tang 1991: 76 (female) [China]; Williams & Watson 1990: 82 (female) [Tropical South Pacific]; Hamon & Williams 1984: 38 (female) [USA, Florida]; Tao et al. 1983: 63 (female) [Taiwan]; Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 372 (female) [Egypt]; Beardsley 1966: 483 (female) [Micronesia]; Zimmerman 1948: 293 (female) [Hawaii].
CITATIONS: AbouEl2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 185-195]; Ali1971 [host, distribution: 23-24]; Almeid1973b [host, distribution: 3]; AvasthSh1991 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 343]; Ballou1926 [host, distribution: 19]; Beards1966 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 483-484]; BenDov1977 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 89-95]; BenDov1993 [catalogue: 80-83]; Brain1920a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5-6,8]; BrainKe1917 [host, distribution: 183]; Brimbl1962 [host, distribution, economic importance: 225-226]; BuckleGu1991 [biological control: 282-286]; CharleCoMu2005 [host, distribution: 1-4]; Cocker1893g [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 50-51]; Cocker1893j [distribution: 254]; Cocker1894d [taxonomy: 311]; Cocker1894i [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, biological control: 18-19]; Cocker1896b [distribution: 331]; Cocker1898r [host, distribution: 240]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 394]; Cocker1899n [host, distribution: 11]; Cocker1905f [host, distribution: 130]; CockerRo1915a [host, distribution: 428]; CulikMaVe2007 [host, distribution: 1-5]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 28]; DeLott1957c [host, distribution: 301-303]; DeLott1959 [taxonomy: 160]; DeLott1965a [taxonomy: 192]; DietzMo1916a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 246-247]; DoaneFe1916 [host, distribution: 399]; DoaneHa1909 [host, distribution: 297]; Dougla1887b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 97-98]; ElMinsMo1976 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 363-371]; Essig1909 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 31-33]; EtiennMa1993 [host, distribution: 255]; EzzatHu1969 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 391-393]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 86]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 168,171-172]; Ferris1921a [host, distribution: 212]; Flande1932 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 1240-1241]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 609]; Georgh1977 [host, distribution: 148]; GermaiMaPi2002 [host, distribution: 255]; GermaiMaPi2003 [host, distribution, structure: 22,23]; Gill1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance, life history: 28,32]; GillKo1997 [economic importance, host, distribution: 161-163]; GillNaWi1977 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance, life history: 24-28]; GomezM1957 [host, distribution: 62]; Green1896 [host, distribution: 8]; Green1904d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 192,221-222]; Green1907 [host, distribution: 201]; Green1908a [host, distribution: 30]; Green1930c [host, distribution: 280]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 299]; Hall1922 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 19]; Hall1923 [host, distribution: 39]; Hall1935 [host, distribution: 148]; HamonWi1984 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 43-47]; Hodgso1967 [host, distribution: 2]; HodgsoHe2000 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 195,197-199]; HodgsoHi1990 [host, distribution: 3,5,7,10,12-13,19-20]; HodgsoHi1991 [host, distribution: 136]; Jansen1995 [host, distribution: 141]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 143-144]; Kawai1987 [host, distribution: 77]; KawaiMaUm1971 [host, distribution: 16]; KfirRo1980 [biological control, host, distribution: 115]; Kirkal1902 [host, distribution: 106]; Kirkal1904 [taxonomy, biological control, host, distribution: 228]; Kondo2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 41]; KozarWa1985 [distribution: 76]; Kuwana1907 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 193]; Kuwana1909a [host, distribution: 159]; Kuwana1917 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 16-18]; Laing1933 [host, distribution: 676]; Lawson1917 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 197-200]; Mamet1943a [host, distribution: 151]; Mamet1951 [host, distribution: 224]; Mamet1954 [host, distribution: 12]; Mamet1959a [host, distribution: 376]; Mamet1962 [host, distribution: 160]; Mamet1978 [host, distribution: 105]; Maskel1890 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 137-138]; Maskel1891 [taxonomy: 16]; Maskel1895a [distribution: 15]; Maskel1898 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 237]; Matile1976 [host, distribution: 294-295]; Matile1988 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 24]; MatileEt2006 [host, distribution: 165]; MetcalMe1993 [economic importance, host, distribution, control]; Miller1996 [distribution: 70]; Mohara1990 [taxonomy: 48]; Morris1920 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 192]; Morris1929 [host, distribution: 39]; MumaSeDe1961 [biological control: 1-39]; Nakaha1981a [host, distribution: 390]; Nakaha1983 [host, distribution: 4]; NakahaMi1981 [host, distribution: 30]; Newste1911 [host, distribution: 92]; ParidaMo1982 [taxonomy: 19]; PettitMc1920 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 17]; Ramakr1919a [host, distribution: 34]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 348,349]; Ramakr1930 [host, distribution: 46]; Reboul1976 [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; Reh1903 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 458]; Robins1917 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 15]; Sander1906 [host, distribution: 8]; Sander1909 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 438-439]; Sassce1911 [host, distribution: 66]; Schmut1952 [host, distribution: 18]; Schmut1957a [host, distribution: 136]; Seabra1925 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 37-38]; ShafeeYoKh1989 [host, distribution: 51]; Simmon1957 [host, distribution: 8]; SmithBeBr1997 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance, biological control: 46-47]; Srivas1964 [host, distribution: 83-91]; Strick1947a [host, distribution: 499]; SwirskWyIz2002 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance, biological control: 80]; Takaha1955a [host, distribution: 69]; Tang1991 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 89-90]; Tao1989 [host, distribution: 59]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 54]; TaoWoCh1983 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 65-67]; Thro1903 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 214-215]; UsmanPu1955 [host, distribution: 49]; VanHarCoWi1990 [host, distribution: 134]; VarshnMo1987 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 174]; Willia2001 [distribution: 225-227]; WilliaBu1987 [host, distribution: 93]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 92-94]; WilliaWi1988 [host, distribution: 56]; Wise1977 [host, distribution: 104]; WongChCh1999 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 12-13,50]; Yang1982 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 169,170,191]; Zimmer1948 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 300-301].
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