Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Publication_Date: 1998 Title: New Hanover County, North Carolina, Wetlands, late 1990s Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Raleigh, North Carolina Publisher: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: none Online_Linkage: none Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coastal Services Center Publication_Date: 19990801 Title: New Hanover County Community Vulnerability Assessment Tool Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/products/nchaz/startup.htm Description: Abstract: The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) is developing a coastal area wetlands conservation plan which relies on adequate knowledge of the location and extent of wetlands by watershed in coastal NC. After reviewing existing data, DCM determined that none of the data could be used exclusively as an inventory for the conservation plan. Therefore, DCM has developed methods using geographic information systems (GIS) and existing spatial data to accommodate a limited time schedule and large land area. Three primary spatial data layers provide information that are assembled into the DCM wetlands data. These layers are the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), county soils (DSL), and classified land use/land cover from TM satellite imagery. In addition, an update was performed using a more recent version of land use/land cover data. The NWI and DSL data are 1:24,000 scale, vector data. The imagery is 30 meter resolution, filtered and unfiltered, raster data. Extracting the most relevant information from each of these layers allows DCM to produce the best information about the location and extent of coastal area wetlands available today. DCM's classification scheme is based on both vegetative cover and hydrogeomorphic character. Wetland classes currently recognized by DCM are: Salt/Brackish Marsh, Estuarine Shrub-Shrub, Estuarine Forest, Maritime Forest, Freshwater Marsh, Pocosin, Bottomland Hardwood, Swamp Forest, Headwater Swamp, Hardwood Flat, Pine Flat, Managed Pineland, Human Impacted In addition, modifiers may be applied to any of these categories indicating that they have been drained, cleared of vegetation, or recently cutover. An automated Arc/Info model considers the NWI classification and the imagery classification in assigning a wetland type to each polygon. Soil types are used to determine whether or not marginal areas are considered to be wetlands, including managed pine areas. Once the automation is complete, an interactive session allows the user to assign wetlands to classes specific to their position in the landscape. A hydrographic data layer is used in addition to the layers mentioned previously to more easily interpret the landscape position and hydrogeomorphology (HGM) of the wetlands. For example, a temporarily flooded, hardwood area may be classified as bottomland hardwood or hardwood flat, depending on its location: adjacent to a stream or within an interfluvial divide, respectively. Finally, each wetland is assigned to an HGM class of riverine, flat/depressional or headwater. In addition to automated and manual processing, a limited amount of filed verification is performed as well. Purpose: These data were created to assist local, state, and federal government agencies and others in making resource management decisions and in land use planning. Supplemental_Information: The New Hanover County Community Vulnerability Assessment Tool is an informational aid designed to assist communities in their efforts to reduce hazard vulnerability. Before communities can develop effective hazard mitigation strategies, they must first identify their hazard risks and assess their vulnerability to the impacts of those hazards. This CD-ROM product includes a newly developed methodology for conducting a community-wide vulnerability assessment. The general methodology is included as a tutorial that steps the user through a process of analyzing physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerability at the community level. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19980601 Ending_Date: 19980601 Currentness_Reference: Publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.0326 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.7188 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.3896 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.9326 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Wetlands Theme_Keyword: Wetland Mapping Theme_Keyword: NWI Theme_Keyword: Hydric Soils Theme_Keyword: Land Cover Theme_Keyword: Coastal Management Theme_Keyword: ADID Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North Carolina Coast Place_Keyword: Eastern North Carolina Place_Keyword: CAMA Place_Keyword: New Hanover County Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These data are advisory in nature. They are not a substitute for an on-site determination of jurisdictional wetlands. Although every effort was taken to ensure the accuracy and validity of wetland location and extent, these data contain inherent errors and limits. Surfaces mapped from remotely sensed data have certain degrees of error and accuracy limits. The actual boundaries may differ from those shown in these data. Wetlands smaller than one acre often are overlooked at this scale and may not be included in these data. There also may be cases in which regulatory agencies' determinations of the existence or lack of wetlands differ from these data. While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within limits of the current state of the art, DCM cannot assume liability for any damages caused by inaccuracies in the map of supporting data. DCM makes no warranty, express or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NC DENR- Division of Coastal Management Contact_Person: Contact_Position: GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: P.O. Box 27687 City: Raleigh State_or_Province: North Carolina Postal_Code: 27687 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2293 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 733-1495 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: None Hours_of_Service: 8AM - 5PM EST/EDT Native_Data_Set_Environment: ArcView version 3.0 shapefile format wetlands.shp Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: A comprehensive accuracy assessment of these data was performed by DCM using funds provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. Random field points were collected by DCM staff and compared to this data set. For more information see the DCM publication "An Accuracy Assessment of GIS Wetland Mapping in the Coastal Counties of North Carolina". Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were originally processed by USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle and by county. Upon completion of all quadrangles and all counties, each quadrangle was dissolved by the attributes included here and all quadrangles were joined together using the Arc/Info "mapjoin" command. Digital data and hard copy maps were checked extensively for consistency and completeness by GIS analysts and wetland specialists on DCM's staff. There may be inconsistencies in these data along county boundaries. This is due mainly to the fact that the soils data used for development of this data set was mapped by county and was not edge-matched or otherwise made consistent at county boundaries. Completeness_Report: These data represent areas within the 20 coastal counties which fall under the jurisdiction of the Division of Coastal Management. These data are not a substitute for an on-site determination of jurisdictional wetlands. Wetlands smaller than one acre are often overlooked at this scale and may not be included in these data. Linear wetlands less than 40 feet wide are also often overlooked at this scale and may not be included in these data. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy varies depending on source scale and/or resolution of the data layer from which each wetland polygon is derived. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory Publication_Date: Unknown Title: National Wetland Inventory Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory Other_Citation_Details: NC CGIA distributes these data Online_Linkage: Metadata - http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cgdb/datalist.html Type_of_Source_Media: Digital tape Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199102 Ending_Date: 199212 Source_Currentness_Reference: Source photography dates Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USFWS, NWI Source_Contribution: Wetland location, hydrology, other special modifiers. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Dept. of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service Publication_Date: Title: Detailed County Soils, North Carolina (various counties) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC Publisher: US Dept. of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service Other_Citation_Details: NC CGIA distributes these datasets. Online_Linkage: Metadata - http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/corpmeta.dir/corplayer.html Type_of_Source_Media: 8mm digital tape, FTP Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Ending_Date: Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date of soil survey for each county Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USDA, NRCS Source_Contribution: Soil type and hydric nature of site Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: EOSAT/LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM) Publication_Date: 199405 Title: Land Use/Land Cover - TM (APES 1987) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC Publisher: EOSAT/LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM) Other_Citation_Details: NC CGIA distributes this dataset. Online_Linkage: Metadata - http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cgdb/datalist.html Type_of_Source_Media: 8mm digital tape Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1991 Ending_Date: 199405 Source_Currentness_Reference: Data creation and revision dates Source_Citation_Abbreviation: EOSAT Source_Contribution: Land use change, pine monocultures Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat) Publication_Date: 19980305 Title: Statewide Land Cover - 1996 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC Publisher: EarthSat Other_Citation_Details: NC CGIA distributes these data Online_Linkage: Metadata -http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cgdb/datalist.html Type_of_Source_Media: Digital tape Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930516 Ending_Date: 19960630 Source_Currentness_Reference: Land cover database reflects conditions at imagery dates and field data collection activities through 31 June 1996. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: EarthSat Source_Contribution: Land use change Process_Step: Process_Description: Three primary spatial data layers provide information that are assembled into the DCM wetlands data. These layers are the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), county soils (DSL), and classified land use/land cover from TM satellite imagery. In addition, an update was performed using a more recent version of land use/land cover data. The NWI and DSL data are 1:24,000 scale, vector data. The imagery is 30 meter resolution, filtered and unfiltered, raster data. An automated Arc/Info model considers the NWI classification and the imagery classification in assigning a wetland type to each polygon. Soil types are used to determine whether or not marginal areas are considered to be wetlands, including managed pine areas. Imagery is used primarily to determine the extent of managed pine areas, as well as areas where vegetation has been removed and recently cutover areas. Once the automation is complete, an interactive session allows the user to assign wetlands to classes specific to their position in the landscape. A hydrographic data layer is used in addition to the layers mentioned previously to more easily interpret the landscape position and hydrogeomorphology (HGM) of the wetlands. For example, a temporarily flooded, hardwood area may be classified as bottomland hardwood or hardwood flat, depending on its location: adjacent to a stream or within an interfluvial divide, respectively. Finally, each wetland is assigned to an HGM class of riverine, flat/depressional or headwater. Note that salt/brackish marshes are not assigned an HGM class. In addition to automated and manual processing, a limited amount of filed verification is performed as well. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: none Process_Date: 1994-1998 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: none Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Organization: NC DENR - Division of Coastal Management Contact_Person: Contact_Position: GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: P.O. Box 27687 City: Raleigh State_or_Province: North Carolina Postal_Code: 27611-7687 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2293 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 733-1495 Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM - 5:30PM EDT/EST Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were copied from the Wide Area Network via remote login to NCCGIA. Using ArcINFO's CLIP command, the data were reduced in extent to the boundary of the larger work (New Hanover County) The data were converted to NAD83, NC state plane Units of feet using the PROJECT command in ArcINFO. The coverages were built for topology. The coverage was converted to a shapefile in ArcView. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: none Process_Date: 199811 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: none Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coastal Services Center Contact_Person: Contact_Position: Spatial Data Analyst - Hazards Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: SC Postal_Code: 29505 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1200 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 843-740-1315 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: clearinghouse@csc.noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday - Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm EST Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 9190 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983 State_Plane_Coordinate_System: SPCS_Zone_Identifier: North Carolina Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 34.333333 Standard_Parallel: 36.166667 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -79.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 33.750000 False_Easting: 2000000.002413 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: Feet Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 20925604.4720406 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.26 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: wetlands.dbf Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None Attribute: Attribute_Label: Area Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon Attribute_Definition_Source: Software generated Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Software computed Attribute: Attribute_Label: W_type Attribute_Definition: Wetland type Attribute_Definition_Source: NC DCM Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Non wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Salt/Brackish Marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pine Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: V Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Managed Pineland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 17 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Headwater Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Fresh Water Marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 24 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 25 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 26 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Bottomland Hardwood Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 27 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 29 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Hardwood Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 30 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Drained Pine Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 40 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Human Impacted Wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 42 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Fresh water Marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 43 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 44 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 45 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 46 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Bottomland Hardwood Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 47 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 49 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Hardwood Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 50 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Pine Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 57 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cleared Headwater Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bottomland Hardwood Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 63 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 64 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 65 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Pocosin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 66 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Bottomland Hardwood Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 67 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 69 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Hardwood Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 70 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Pine Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 77 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cutover Headwater Swamp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardwood Flat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Attribute: Attribute_Label: HGM Attribute_Definition: Hydrogeomorphic position of wetland in the landscape Attribute_Definition_Source: NC Division of Coastal management Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: unknown HGM Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: f Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Flat/Depressional HGM classification. These wetlands are generally not in direct proximity to surface water. While they may be either isolated from or hydrologically connected to surface water, the hydrology of depressional wetlands is primarily determined by groundwater discharge, overland runoff, and precipitation. Flat/depressional hydrogeomorphic position. These wetlands are not in direct proximity to surface waters. Hydrology source is typically groundwater discharge, overland runoff and precipitation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: h Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Headwater hydrogeomorphic position. These wetlands exist in the uppermost reaches of local watersheds upstream of perennial channels. They may contain channels with intermittent flow, but primary water sources are precipitation, groundwater discharge and overland flow. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: r Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Riverine hydrogeomorphic position. Hydrology is determined primarily from proximity to a perennial stream. Overbank flow is common. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NC DCM Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Coastal North Carolina wetlands are presented by common type. A hydrogeomorphic classification is included as well. The wetlands presented here are broken down into the following categories. A brief explanation of each wetland type follows its name. Salt/Brackish Marsh (w-type 1) Any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses), as long as this flooding does not include hurricane or tropical storm waters. Coastal wetland plant species include: smooth cordgrass; black needlerush; glasswort; salt grass; sea lavender; salt marsh bullrush; saw grass; cattail; salt meadow cordgrass; and big cordgrass Estuarine Shrub Scrub (w-type 3) Any shrub/scrub dominated community subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses). Typical species include wax myrtle and eastern red cedar. Estuarine Forested (w-type 15) A forested wetland community subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses). Examples include pine-dominated communities with rushes in the understory or fringe swamp communities such as those that occur along the Albemarle and Pamlico sounds. Maritime Forest (w-type 16) A forested community characterized by its stunted growth due to the stresses imposed by its proximity to salt spray from the ocean. Typical vegetation includes live oak, red maple and swamp tupelo. Freshwater Marsh (w-type 2) Herbaceous areas that are flooded for extended periods during the growing season. Included are marshes within lacustrine systems, managed impoundments, some Carolina Bays, and other non- tidal marshes (i.e. marshes which do not fall into the Salt/Brackish Marsh category). Typical communities include species of sedges, millet, rushes and grasses that are not specified in the coastal wetland regulations. Also included are giant cane, arrowhead, pickeralweed, arrow arum, smartweed, and cattail Pocosin (w-type 4) Freshwater shrub/scrub communities (i.e. non-Estuarine shrub/scrub) dominated by evergreen shrubs, often mixed with pond or loblolly pines. Typically occur on saturated, acid, nutrient poor, sandy or peaty soils; usually removed from large streams; and subject to periodic burning. Bottomland Hardwood (w-type 6) Riverine forested or occasionally shrub/scrub communities usually occurring in floodplains, that are seasonally flooded. Typical species include oaks (overcup, water, laurel, swamp chestnut), sweet gum, green ash, cottonwoods, willows, river birch, and occasionally pines. Swamp Forest (w-type 7) Very poorly drained riverine or non-riverine forested or occasionally shrub/scrub communities which are semi-permanently flooded, including temporarily flooded depressional systems. Typical species include cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash and red maple. Headwater Swamp (w-type 17) Wooded, riverine systems along first order streams. These include hardwood dominated communities with soil that is moist most of the year. Channels receive their water from overland flow and rarely overflow their own banks. Hardwood Flat (w-type 9) Poorly drained interstream flats not associated with rivers or estuaries. Seasonally saturated by high water table or poor drainage. Species vary greatly but often include sweet gum and red maple. Pine Flat (w-type 10) Freshwater, seasonally saturated pine communities on hydric soils that may become quite dry for part of the year. Generally occur in flat or nearly flat areas that are not associated with a river or stream system. Usually dominated by loblolly pine. This category does not include managed pine systems. Managed Pineland (w-type 11) Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests (usually loblolly pine) occurring on hydric soils. Since this category is based primarily on soils data and 30 meter resolution satellite imagery, it is less accurate than the other wetland categories. Human Impacted (w-type 40) Areas of human impact have physically disturbed the wetland, but the area is still a wetland. Impoundments and some cutovers are included in this category, as well as other disturbed areas, such as power lines. Drained Wetland (w-type 21-37) Any wetland system described above that is, or has been, effectively drained (according to the National Wetlands Inventory). Cutover Wetland (w-type 63-77) Areas for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of vegetation in 1994. These areas are likely to still be wetlands, however, they have been recently cut over. Vegetation in these areas may be regenerating naturally, or the area may be in use for silvicultural activities. Note that marshes can not be considered cutover. Cleared Wetland (w-type 42-57) Areas of hydric soils for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of vegetation in both 1988 and 1994. These areas are likely to no longer be wetlands. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Sutter, L. A. 1999. DCM Wetland Mapping in Coastal North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Coastal Management. Raleigh, North Carolina. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Contact_Person: Contact_Position: Production Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 301 North Wilmington Street, Suite 700 City: Raleigh State_or_Province: North Carolina Postal_Code: 27601-2825 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2090 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 715-0725 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dataq@cgia.state.nc.us Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM - 5:30PM Resource_Description: DCM Wetland Types Distribution_Liability: NCCGIA is charged with the development and maintenance of the State's corporate geographic database and, in cooperation with other mapping organizations, is committed to offering its users accurate, useful, and current information about the state. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the corporate database may be reflected in the data supplied. The client must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data. NCCGIA does not support secondary distribution of this data. The use of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the NCCGIA or North Carolina State Government. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: FOR DIGITAL OR NON-DIGITAL DATA, Contact NC CGIA, Data Distribution to order data, Phone 919.733.2090 ... Email dataq@cgia.state.nc.us ... Web Page order form Fees: For current FORMAT/MEDIA INFORMATION, use a web browser Ordering_Instructions: Contact NC CGIA Custom_Order_Process: Data creation and large data analysis jobs contact Database Administration P:(919)733-2090. All data are available through standard ordering procedures on a cost recovery basis. formats supplied are created using ARC/INFO GIS software on Unix workstations. Other formats are available. Format compatibility is the user's responsibility. For more information on formats and media, use a web browser: FORMAT/MEDIA INFORMATION - http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cost.html Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 19980601 Metadata_Review_Date: 19990923 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Contact_Person: Contact_Position: GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: PO Box 27687 City: Raleigh State_or_Province: NC Postal_Code: 27611-7687 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2293 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 733-1495 Hours_of_Service: 8:00am - 5:00pm Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998