The last sound in "wash" before the ed is added is a [sh] sound which is 
voiceless.  Following a voiceless final sound before the past ending, the 
[t] is produced.  This is not a question of accent, it is an actual rule 
that you can find in pronunciation books.

Nicole
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Tom Zurinskas" <truespel at hotmail.com>
To: <englishlanguage at nifl.gov>; <mikalojus at takas.lt>
Sent: Wednesday, January 10, 2007 9:57 PM
Subject: [EnglishLanguage 970] Re: a method of teaching pronunciation



> This probably is not the place for linguistic haggles, but I do take issue

> with the idea that the ending d is pronounced as t as shown below.  It may

> be true of some accents, but I still think it is a d.  The tongue is 

> behind

> the top gums (alveolar ridge) for an ending "d" and this is typical for an

> ending d.  For a t it's behind the teeth.

>

> There is some linguistic theory that a "d" is voiced.  So if the sound 

> made

> at the end of a word (say "washed") is not voiced, it must be a "t".  I

> don't agree with that either.  I believe a "d" is unvoiced followed 

> quickly

> by voice, but the plosive part (which is the d) is not voiced.  Aslo, the

> "d" at the end of a word is said with tongue behind top gums and is not

> voiced.

>

> Accents will vary, but if you say that plosive sound (at the end of

> "washed") with tongue behind top gums and without the aspiration that 

> comes

> with a t (behind the teeth), then you're saying a d not a t.

>

> I'll gladly take this up with linguists in another forum.  Where shall we

> go.

>

> Tom Zurinskas, USA - CT20, TN3, NJ33, FL4+

> See truespel.com and the 4 truespel books at authorhouse.com.

>

>

>

>

>

>>From: Paul Rogers <pumarosa21 at yahoo.com>

>>Reply-To: The Adult English Language Learners Discussion

>>List<englishlanguage at nifl.gov>

>>To: The Adult English Language Learners Discussion

>>List<englishlanguage at nifl.gov>

>>Subject: [EnglishLanguage 964]  a method of teaching pronunciation

>>Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2007 09:08:46 -0800 (PST)

>>

>>      My method of teaching ESL focuses on pronunciation from the first

>>class. I have observed that when a student feels comfortable pronouncing

>>English, then she or he is able to advance with confidence. Also, if a

>>student cannot pronounce words with relative ease, that student cannot

>>understand spoken English very well either.

>>    And my method is step-by-step as in building a house. Each lesson 

>> leads

>>to or reinforces the next.Pronunciation is the foundation.

>>     For example, Beginning students:

>>                             First Lesson

>>1. The alphabet

>>2. Demonstration of the pronunciation of g, j, and v using a lot of humor.

>>   3. Repetition of the alphabet out loud by the class.

>>4. Spelling out loud. Each student must spell her or his name out loud in

>>English, and, depending, the names of family members.

>>                             Second Lesson

>>1. The numbers up to one million.

>>2. Pronunciation of short u ("numbers"), th (three, thirteen), short i

>>(six), silent e at end of word (five, nine), etc.

>>3.  Simple practice. How much is ...1 and 1, 2 and 1, telling time, etc.

>>4. All students take turns reading a dialogue out loud.

>>                             Other Lessons

>>Greetings

>>Pronunciation of h (Hello), use of "you" etc.

>>Note: I use "reminders" constantly in my classes, especially with g, j,

>>short I, and th.

>>Class participation reading dialogues out loud.

>>

>>        I have also designed a series of exercises to help students learn

>>the differentiation between short i and ee, j and y, th and t, and v and 

>>b.

>>These exercises are done in a contest format.

>>     Within a month, most of my students get a good grasp of pronunciation

>>and a working vocabulary.

>>     All of my students receive a textbook I  have written plus an audio 

>> cd

>>that accompanies the text. Usually I work in a computer lab setting so 

>>that

>>half the class can use PUMAROSA.

>>        Below is a lesson I use to teach the pronunciation of the past

>>tense which is contained in my grammar workbook.

>>                       LA PRONUNCIACION DEL PASADO

>>El tiempo pasado de los verbos tienen la terminaciòn de "D" o "ED", y hay

>>tres pronunciaciones.

>>1. Con el sonido de "T" A los verbos que terminan en su forma bàsica con

>>las letras "k," "p," "ss," "..ace," "sh" y "ff" (y las palabras que tienen

>>el sonido de "ff," como "laugh" - reirse, y "cough" - toser), - la

>>pronunciaciòn de la "-ed" en su forma pasado es "T."

>>Ejemplos:

>>"helped" se pronuncia "helpt"

>>"talked" se pronuncia "takt"

>>Las más comunes:

>>ached = aekt

>>asked = aeskt

>>cooked = kukt

>>jumped = jampt

>>looked = lukt

>>stopped = stapt

>>walked = iualkt

>>washed = iuasht

>>watched. = iatcht

>>worked = iuirkt

>>2. "ED"

>>A los verbos que terminan con los sonidos "d" o "t" en su forma bàsica, su

>>forma pasada se pronuncia "ED."

>>Ejemplos:

>>"sounded" se pronuncia "saund-ed"

>>"constructed" se pronuncia "construct - ed"

>>otros: acted demanded demonstrated divided exploded voted NOTA: Este grupo

>>de palabras tambien contiene muchos cognados, o palabras que estàn

>>parecidas o iguales en inglès y español.

>>3. "D"

>>Con los demas verbos, su terminaciòn en el pasado se pronuncia "D," asi:

>>"lived" se pronuncia "livd" "learned" se pronuncia "lernd"

>>Otras: Copied Defined Described Employed Explained Played Remembered

>>*Usa el diccionario para traducirlos; solamente quita la "d" o "ed."

>>

>>

>>---------------------------------

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>

>

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>

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