This probably is not the place for linguistic haggles, but I do take issue 
with the idea that the ending d is pronounced as t as shown below.  It may 
be true of some accents, but I still think it is a d.  The tongue is behind 
the top gums (alveolar ridge) for an ending "d" and this is typical for an 
ending d.  For a t it's behind the teeth.

There is some linguistic theory that a "d" is voiced.  So if the sound made 
at the end of a word (say "washed") is not voiced, it must be a "t".  I 
don't agree with that either.  I believe a "d" is unvoiced followed quickly 
by voice, but the plosive part (which is the d) is not voiced.  Aslo, the 
"d" at the end of a word is said with tongue behind top gums and is not 
voiced.

Accents will vary, but if you say that plosive sound (at the end of 
"washed") with tongue behind top gums and without the aspiration that comes 
with a t (behind the teeth), then you're saying a d not a t.

I'll gladly take this up with linguists in another forum.  Where shall we 
go.

Tom Zurinskas, USA - CT20, TN3, NJ33, FL4+
See truespel.com and the 4 truespel books at authorhouse.com.






>From: Paul Rogers <pumarosa21 at yahoo.com>

>Reply-To: The Adult English Language Learners Discussion 

>List<englishlanguage at nifl.gov>

>To: The Adult English Language Learners Discussion 

>List<englishlanguage at nifl.gov>

>Subject: [EnglishLanguage 964]  a method of teaching pronunciation

>Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2007 09:08:46 -0800 (PST)

>

>      My method of teaching ESL focuses on pronunciation from the first 

>class. I have observed that when a student feels comfortable pronouncing 

>English, then she or he is able to advance with confidence. Also, if a 

>student cannot pronounce words with relative ease, that student cannot 

>understand spoken English very well either.

>    And my method is step-by-step as in building a house. Each lesson leads 

>to or reinforces the next.Pronunciation is the foundation.

>     For example, Beginning students:

>                             First Lesson

>1. The alphabet

>2. Demonstration of the pronunciation of g, j, and v using a lot of humor.

>   3. Repetition of the alphabet out loud by the class.

>4. Spelling out loud. Each student must spell her or his name out loud in 

>English, and, depending, the names of family members.

>                             Second Lesson

>1. The numbers up to one million.

>2. Pronunciation of short u ("numbers"), th (three, thirteen), short i 

>(six), silent e at end of word (five, nine), etc.

>3.  Simple practice. How much is ...1 and 1, 2 and 1, telling time, etc.

>4. All students take turns reading a dialogue out loud.

>                             Other Lessons

>Greetings

>Pronunciation of h (Hello), use of "you" etc.

>Note: I use “reminders” constantly in my classes, especially with g, j, 

>short I, and th.

>Class participation reading dialogues out loud.

>

>        I have also designed a series of exercises to help students learn 

>the differentiation between short i and ee, j and y, th and t, and v and b. 

>These exercises are done in a contest format.

>     Within a month, most of my students get a good grasp of pronunciation 

>and a working vocabulary.

>     All of my students receive a textbook I  have written plus an audio cd 

>that accompanies the text. Usually I work in a computer lab setting so that 

>half the class can use PUMAROSA.

>        Below is a lesson I use to teach the pronunciation of the past 

>tense which is contained in my grammar workbook.

>                       LA PRONUNCIACION DEL PASADO

>El tiempo pasado de los verbos tienen la terminaciòn de “D” o “ED”, y hay 

>tres pronunciaciones.

>1. Con el sonido de “T” A los verbos que terminan en su forma bàsica con 

>las letras “k,” “p,” “ss,” “..ace,” “sh” y “ff” (y las palabras que tienen 

>el sonido de “ff,” como “laugh” - reirse, y “cough” - toser), - la 

>pronunciaciòn de la “-ed” en su forma pasado es “T.”

>Ejemplos:

>“helped” se pronuncia “helpt”

>“talked” se pronuncia “takt”

>Las más comunes:

>ached = aekt

>asked = aeskt

>cooked = kukt

>jumped = jampt

>looked = lukt

>stopped = stapt

>walked = iualkt

>washed = iuasht

>watched. = iatcht

>worked = iuirkt

>2. “ED”

>A los verbos que terminan con los sonidos “d” o “t” en su forma bàsica, su 

>forma pasada se pronuncia “ED.”

>Ejemplos:

>“sounded” se pronuncia “saund-ed”

>"constructed" se pronuncia "construct - ed"

>otros: acted demanded demonstrated divided exploded voted NOTA: Este grupo 

>de palabras tambien contiene muchos cognados, o palabras que estàn 

>parecidas o iguales en inglès y español.

>3. “D”

>Con los demas verbos, su terminaciòn en el pasado se pronuncia “D,” asi: 

>“lived” se pronuncia “livd” “learned” se pronuncia “lernd”

>Otras: Copied Defined Described Employed Explained Played Remembered

>*Usa el diccionario para traducirlos; solamente quita la “d” o “ed.”

>

>

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