DECEMBER 1934
Btation
Julianehaab, Greenland _______.
Reykjavik, Iceland _.__________
Lerwick, Shetland Islands ___._
Valencia, Ireland _____._.______
Lisbon, Portugal ______________ Madeira _______________________ Horta. Azores ._____________.___ Belle Isle, Nealoundland ______ Halifax, Nova Scotia ___._______
Nantucket ..................... Hatteras _______________________ Bermuda ...................... Turks Island ____--__._________ KeyWest _____----_.___
~
______ New Orleans .____..._..._______
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
tg$t Dgy- Highest Date Lowest Date
~----- Inches Inch Inches Inches 28.33 __________ 28.91 1 28.85 25 29.41 -0.08 29.98 4 28.57 11 28.55 -.17 30.24 25 29.10 15 28.35 -.59 28.92 1,31 28.48 15 30.10 -.01 30.52 31 29.78 9 30.16 +.07 30.32 30,31 30.01 12 29.90 -.24 30.31 19 28.45 24 29.48 -.2 30.18 4 28.64 21 29.87 -.06 30.34 19 28.04 20 30.00 -.05 30.48 3 29.16 20 30.11 -.02 30.48 27 29.52 19
30.07 -.05 30.38 24 28.60 11,12 30.06 +.03 30.13 3,16 29.91 11
30.10 +.OZ 30.32 12 28.91 11 30.19 +.08 30.49 11 28.85 18
467
ESTIMATED VALUE OF PROPERTY SAVED WARNINGS-Continued
EAST GULF OF MEXICO DRAINAGE
Apalachicola River in Florida- - - _ _ - - - _ _ - - - _ - - - _ - - - Etowah River in Georgia _________________________ Black Warrior River in Alabama __________________ Tombigbee River in Mississippi and Alabama- _ - - - - - Pasca oula River in Mississippi _________________-__ Pearl k v e r in Mississippi _____ - - - ___ - - - - - - - - __ - - - - ... .
MIBSISSIPPI SYSTEM-UPPER MISSIBBIPPI BASIN
Wisconsin River in Wisconsin- - __ _____ - - ______ __ - -
MISSISSIPPI SYSTEM-MISSOURI BASIN
Big Sioux River in Iowa ___________________-______ Floyd River in Iowa _____________________________
Grand River in Missouri __________________________
MISBISSIPPI SYSTEM-OHIO BASIN
Allegheny River in Pennsylvania- - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - Monongahela River in Pennsylvania- - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - -
Barren River in Kentucky ________________________ Green River in K e n t u c k y ___----------------------
BY
$4,000 1,000
7,500 25,250 21,200 2,075
2,850
36,800 210,000
800,000
50,000 200,000 10,000 10,000
ESTIMATED VALUE OF PROPERTY SAVED BY WARNINGS-Continued
MISSISSIPPI SYSTEM-OHIO BASIN-Continued
Cumberland River in Tennessee ___________________ $21, 100 Elk River in T e n n e s s e e __------_------------------ 2,000 Duck River in Tennessee _________________________ 2,000 Tennessee River in Tennessee _______._____________ 20,000 Ohio River in Indiana and Kentucky _______________ 80,156
MISSISSIPPI BYBTEM-WHITE BASIN
White River in Arkansas _________________________ 11,300
MISSISSIPPI SYSTEM-ARKANBAR BASIN
Petit Jean River in Arkansas _____________.________ 500
MISSISSIPPI SYSTEM-RED BASIN
Ouachita River in Arkansas _______________________
Sulphur River in Texas ___________________________
22, 500 55,500
WEST GULF OF MESIC0 DRAINAGE
Sabine River in Texas ____________________________
Trinity River in Texas ___________________________ 12,000 15,000
Total estimated savings for the United St.ates- 1, 962,331
WEATHER OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS
[The Marine Division, W. F. MCDONALD in charge]
Cyclones and gales.-Seldom has the North Atlantic Ocean known so stormy a month as December 1934.
The number of gale reports in hand a t this writing is 283, of which 15 state the highest wind force as 12, and
35 as 11; it is not feasible to present all of the latter group of reports in the accompanying tnble.
East of Newfoundland the storm centers were usually located north of the chief steamship lanes, so that the
strong winds were nearly all from x westerly direction. A characteristic report was t,liat of the American steam-
ship West Kyska, bound from Breinen to Pananin City,
Fla., which left the English Channel late on the 14th,
and thereafter, till near 41' N., 25' W., late on the Slst had wind always from a westerly point and a t no time
of force less than 6 .
For the first few days of December the storm activit,y
was not unusually great for the time of the year. But
by the 4th a vigorous LOW was central near Nova Scotia,
from whence it advanced to east-northeast and lnter northeast, till on the 10th it was south of Iceland. Chart VIII, for the 8th, shows this storm aflecting a large
area near and to eastward of midocean; such fully
developed storminess was typical of the period from the 5th to the 20th. A lesser disturbance also is indicated
on chnrt VI11 near Cape Hatteras; it had already gained considerable intensity in its progress northward from
the region of the Bahamas during the preceding 2 days,
and continued to intensify with further progress north-
eastward. Chart IX, for December 11, shows this storm center
near midocean and of great intensity. Gales were pre-
vailing on the 11th and 12th from the Bahamas to the
Irish coast. Another LOW waa again developing near the
American coast, somewhat to eastward of Delaware Bay, traveling northeastward, and behind it the eastern part
of the United States was csperiencing a marked cold wave.
The storm just mentioned as near Delaware Bay was of great energy by the 13th, centered not far from the
Grand Banks, and the situation of that date is shown on
chart X. In this storm near 50' N., 35' W., the British steamship Usworth, from Montreal for Great Britain, was
in distress, and on December 14th she was abandoned; 15 of her crew and 2 officers engaged in the work of rescue
468 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW DECEMBER 1934
Direction Direc- and force tion of Direction
of wind wind and high- a t time of when est force of lowest g ~l e wind barometer ended
from the Belgian steamship Jean Jadot, lost their lives by a
boat capsizing. \The other 11 men of the Usworth were res-
cued by the Jean Jadof and the British steamship Ascnnia. On the 15th another energetic LOW was near Newfound- land, and advanced eastward till the situation of the lSth
appearing on chart XI, had developed. That day the
Norwegian steamship Sisto mas abandoned, about 500
miles west of Ireland, the German liner New York
rescuing all hands. From the 20th onward, the storms traversing the North Atlantic, though important, were usually less
intense, especially near the route from northern United
States ports to the English Channel. The chief LOW of this period was, however, well developed on the 24th
and 25th, when central about midway between northern
Newfoundland and northern Ireland.
While only two major casualties due to stress of weather in December have come to notice, as reported above,
Shifts of wind near time of lowest barometer
the widespread and severe storminess caused much minor damage to shipping, in boats and gear lost or smnshed, and in strained plates and damage to superstructures.
Fog.-Scarcely nny fog was reported during December from the Grand Banks regon. Over the eastern part
of the ocean, however, there was somewhat more than
during November, chiefly near the fiftieth parallel,
between 30' W. and the British and French coasts, the first 4 dnys of the month being the notable time of occur-
rence. In the vicinity of the American coast, from Novn Scotia to South Carolina, some fog occurred onvarious
dates, the principal period being about the 11th to south- ward of the fortieth parallel. The square from 35' to
40' N., 70' to 75' W., furnished reports of fog on 6
different days altogether. In the northwestern part of
the Gulf of Mesico some fog wns encountered about the 18th, and again during the final 5 days of December.
3p, 2 --..
9p, z.... 2s. 3.....
20. 5 ...~.
4% 5.. ..
11:1. 5~ ..
..dt>.. .
Ip. 5.. .
41). li..
lllp. I). .
Num, 7.
?a. s..... 5r. s..... Oa. S.... 1p. s....
3p, 8....
lop. u... la, O.....
lp, 9.... 5a. 10 ....
lp, 10. ..
3a, 12 ....
6p, E... 5p. L .. Mdt. 13. 3a, 14 ....
4a. 14 .... ..do .....
6a. 1L..
..do.. ... ..do ..... Koon, 14
-.do.. ...
3p, 14 ...
6p. 14 ...
Sa, 15L.. Sa, 16 ....
3p, 16. .. clp, 16 ...
10s. l i ~.. 118, N..
Os, 1 L .-
43. 20.. .. 2g. 20 ...
2a, 21 ....
2p, 22. .
1p, 33 ...
sp. 23. ..
SR. 24 .... 21). 24. ..
lop. ?4. 3p. ?fi. ..
'PI, 27 ....
Noon. 28
yp. "Y ~ ..
itldt. 28.
lop, Z'. -
13. W....
OCEAN GALES AND STORMS, DECEMBER 1934
City of Joliet, Am. S. S--.
Nishmaha. Am. S. S ...... Lucia C .. Ital. S. S ....... Rotterdam. Du. hf. S .-..
Bennskom. nu. S. S ...... Svanhild. Dan. S. S.. ....
Blankaholm. S w l . M. 9. Boston City. Br. S. S .._.. Lord Kelvin. Br. S. S ....
City of Baltimore. Am.
Nerissa. Br. S. S Indiana. Fr. 8. S. Cheyenne, Br. AT. S.- .... 5. A. Modett. Jr.. Am.
..........
9. 8.
........
-~
~ ~
Position a t time of
lowest barometer Vojrtge
.... ....
....... ....
New Pork. St. Thomas 39 00 N. Antwerp Gusdeloupe 40 05 N. Philadelphia ... London ........ 43 15 N. Hsvre .......... hruba .......... 42 25 N.
Vessel
..
M. s.
s. s.
Birmingham City, Am.
Sagaporack, Am. S. 9 .....
Paris. Fr. 5. S ............
Brasilien, Dan. 8. S ......
Bremen. Ger. S. S ........ West Camak, Am. S. S...
New Brunswick, Br. S. S.
Kentucky. Dan. 8. S ..... Black Gull Am. S. S. ...
Mobile Cit,f, Am. S. S.-. hfotocsrline. Bely. M. S.. Pipestone County, Am.
Ajax, Du. 5. S ............
1
From- 1 To- /Latitude
Bristol ......... Baltimore ...... 35 15 N.
Amsterdam .... San Jusn ....... 41 23 N. Copsnliagen .... New York. .... 44 00 N. Havre ............... do .......... 4; 01 N. Buenos Aires ... Copenhagen .... 146 51 N. C.herbourg ..... NEN York. .... 49 00 N.
New Orleans ... Huelva ......... 35 08 N. Freet.oNn ...... Boston ......... 33 21 N. Norfolk ........ Rotterdam ..... 48 50 N. Rotterdam ..... New York. .... I50 34 N.
Swansea. __._.. Portland,Maine 49 45 N.
Antwerp ....... Baytown ....... 43 52 N. New York. .... Rarre .......... 4S 48 N.
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN I
WSR..
\v ......
\vsw.. wsw.. U'.-.--. S W ....
\I' ...... WNW'. NR' .... NIT'.... WNW. NW ....
I O '
Srn, 12 ....
SW. 12 ....
wsw. 10.
saw. 12 ...
w, 11 .....
SW. g..... SSR, 10 ... W, 12 ..-..
wsw. 11. NW. lo-..
W. lo--.-.
W, 11 .....
Silverteak, Br. hf. S... . ..I Gibraltar .......I Halifax ....... ..I1 3Y 02 N.
W, 9.. ...
WSW. 9..
wsw. l?.
sw, 10 ....
WSW. 10.
Malmo .........
Hzmhiirg.. ....
Galveston.. ....
Rotterdam..-.. Curscao. ....... Bremen .. ___.
WNW. W. IO.. ..
\VNW. WNIV. 10. WSW-W. NW .... WSW, 12. wsw-W. w ...... SW, 10 .... WRW-SW-
WNW. W, 12 ..... BW-WNW.
WSW.
Cristobal .......
Antwerp ....... Southampton.. Bremen ........
New Orleans ...
alasgow ....... Gibraltar ....... Bordeaux. .....
Philadelphia ...
Tampico.. - - -. .
New Orleans.. .
Alxiers~. .......
Baton Rouge ...
Liverpool. .....
Norfolk.. ......
ltot.henburg ..... Nex Y o r k ....
Fowey. ........ Portland.Mailie London.. ...... Halifa~ .........
IIavre .......... Norfdk. .......
Liverpool ...... Boston ......... New York ..... Norfolk ........ London. ....... New York. ....
Halifax .........
h-ew Tork. ....
Liverpool ......
36 55 N. 39 45 N.
3b 22 N. 41 56 N.
43 10 N. 45 5 i hT.
45 35 N.
46 l 6 N . 46 24 N.
4 i 22 N.
I
Exarch, Am. S. S ......... Casablanca .....
Boston ......... IInvre ...........
Bremen ........
Antwerp .......
C'openhagen .... Beaumont ..... Rarre .......... YaEa. Am. S. S ........... Mnhile .........
Emsnuel Nobel, Belg. I Antwerp .......
Y. 8.
NeN Tork.. ... 36 15 N.
Loudon. ...... .I6 00 N. New York. .... 44 SO N.
Norfolk ........ 50 33 N. Bostnn ......... 51 00 N. New York. .... 51; 27 N. Baston ......... 35 50 N. Norfolk ........ 4!) 40 N. rilasgow ....... 43 46 N. New York. ... 43 .I? N.
........ ..... ...
I i l
s. s.
.... ..... Sarcoxie. Am. 8. S Bordenux. New l'ork 143 36 N.
Black Falcon, Am. 9. S... New Pork Rotterdam 48 59 N.
Tymeric, Br. S. 8. ....... Port Royal ..... Liverpool ..... 45 13 N.
Jamajca Producer, Br. Kinzston ...... Rotterdam ..... 49 24 N.
s. Y.
General Gassouin. Fr. 1 New York. .... 1 -4ntwerp ....... 1 48 55 N.
...... ......... M. 5.
..... ...... .....
New Rrunswick, Br. S. S. Boston 35 53 N.
Waban. Am. 9. S ......... New Orleans ... London ........ 35 05 K.
Yuri Maru, Jap. 9. S Schiedam New York 49 50 N.
Tabinta. Du. M. S ....... Gibraltar ....... Halifax ......... 3.5 48 N.
Lochkatrine. Br. M. S .--.
West Rldara Am. 8. S. -.
Pres. Hardin'g, Am. 8. S..
Tennessee. Dan. S. S .....
Waban. .4m. S. S ......... Caledonia. Br. S. Y ....... Tabinta, Du. M. S ....... Sarcoxie. Am. S. S ........ Ltnd-on Corporation, Br.
44 13 N. 49 li h'. 49 ?4 N. 50 21 N.
39 05 N.
41 12N.
42 19 N.
43 00 N. 40 04 N.
Mahrondn. Br. S. S ._._.. McKeesport. Am. S. 6 .. Tennesseo, Dan. S. S ..-..
Black Heron. Am. S. S... Minneriun. Am. 8. S --...
China Arrow. Am. S. S...
Citv of Norfolk. Am. 9. S.
I
Gateway City. Am. 9. S.. ..... do .......... Mobilo.. ..... 37 3 i N.
Ezerch. Am. S. S--- ...... Casablanca ..... New Tork. .... 36 00 h'
s. s.
,onqitudi
0 ,
33 51 Tv.
2s 13 m. 25 4s 1%'.
24 41 W. 23 40 w. 54 18 w .
56 36 w.
3s 15 w. 33 4.5 w.
70 3; U', ?'3 15 W. 43 3; m. 23 3s w.
59 40 W.
14 35 \V.
51 00 w.
4 50 W.
2 i 24 W. 61 09 W. M 18 w. 34 411 w. 30 13 W 25 10 W. 24 00 w 25 32 W
22 24 w 23 Oi W 23 50 W 14 36 \V
19 00 w
59 40 R 7 19 IV
62 03 W 39 20 n' 40 16 W 36 52 \V
13 47 W 45 l o w
65 40 W 55 02 \\'
45 30 W fi4 20 w
44 25 'VV
Xi 43 \v 26 53 W 30 30 W 23 00 \v 27 40 W i 4 00 W 10 2s w 47 56 JV 35 24 \v
39 30 w ti3 00 w
?n 43 w.
43 4n w.
45 3a w.
23 on w
Cinle )ewn
De- cem-
m -
2
3
3 5 4
3
5 5
I;
Y
ti
I
h
S
9 9 9 10 11 12
13 13 13 13 13
14 14
13
13
13
13
14
15 16 16 16 17
li
19
20
30
20
23
23
22
23 24 24
2t 26 ?6
3h
2b
.?.s 29
2
3
5 5
r
5
t i
6 S
s s
s 9 s
0
S
9
'J
9 10 11
12
13 14 14 14 15 15
14
15 15 15
15
16 15
16 16
17 li
1s 19 19
20
21
21 '74
24
24 26 35 24 3;
2 i
2 i
.i 1
?Y
?!I
31
Low- est ba- rom-
eter
'nchr.8
3 .5 4
3.55
2Y. 43
29. 61)
3.30 29. 19
2s. 82
?b. !4*
2s. I;.?
8. fiS
2s. 62
29. 3 1
29, :37
21. 53
?J. :O
29, 15
29.37
2Y. 02
29.02
28.99 29.11
29.35 29.72 28.66
2s. 08 29.26 28.91
29.41
33. 40
5 .4 2
29.45
28.40
29. fifi
3 .3 5 29.79 29.59 28.4R 28.12 28.67
2s. 95
29.93 39.24
29.32 2B. 64
2Y. 83
29.30
?% 50 23.43 28.32
2s. 54 27. SI
aa. lil
2s. 75
2s. i 4 L'y. k5
29.59 2 9 31
n. 93
Direc- tion of wind when
gale began
SI\'. . -.
3w. ...
w s\v.. 3S:w..
3\\-. . ~. \L- h' \v .
q... ...
3\V ...
i... ..
3 .....
\Y S N. .
n. ~.
IV N \v .
N N 1%. .
ESE ...
31v ....
n.. ...
w---.. SW ... W..-.. SW--. 3....-.
3n.-. SW ... s ..... WSW.
W S W .
w .....
wsw. \vsm. wsw.
w.....
S W ...
SSW.. NW ...
S8-W. SE .... E..... S W .. SW.. .
\v ..... 8SE ... S...~..
Ssn'.. ENE.
SSV..
NM.. IT.. ..
E S E .~ S......
BE ....
N W -. S~.....
w .....
s......
s.-.... sw--.
.....
sm, IO..^.
sw. 10 ....
YSW.7 .. YSW. 1 0 ~ . \VS\V. !I.
\\'S\V. !I .
S\V. 10 ....
w, in.. ...
it', IO .....
w. s ......
II,S\V, 1.-
\VNW-SW-
WNW. SW-w. 8-W.
None.
Nono. 8-RW-WNW. SW-W-NNW.
wsw-w. Steady. None.
..... ...
sw, 11 .... S .6 ...... WSW. 10. SSW. 11 ...
w, 11 ..... 6 .7 .......
SSW. IO ...
w. 12 .....
WSW. 11. WSW, 10.
wsw, 9.- w , 11 ....
SW-NW. SE-6-W. RE-WSW.
SSW-wsw. None. SW-8-spi.
5-ssw-w'. WSW-WNW. SW-WSW-N. SW-NW. WSW'-W.
W S W-WNM' .
W. i ......
NW,
,L ..
8.10 ......
wsw. 10 NNK. 11.-
sw. IO ....
w. 10 ..... NW, 10. ..
9.9 ....... SW, 11.. ..
s w , 11 ....
ENE, S-..
SSW.>O ...
NNW.. IV.. ....
\v.-.. ..
WNW'. WNW.
w....-. SW ....
117.. ....
NW .... WNW. WN\V.
WNW. N......
NW. 12 ... WSW, 12. NW, 10. -. m. I1 .....
W S W , 12. N. 11 ..... WNW. 11. NW, 11 ...
NW. 10 ...
n'. IO.--. 8. 13. ....
SW. 11 ....
NNW, 10.
W-NW.
ESW-SW.
e-WSW. SSW-WSW. E-NNE-N.
\V-NW.
S-SW.
s-sw-W. R W-RN W. ENE-NE.
h-, i... ....
SSW. 11 ... h'E. l?X-.
s, in.-..-. R R . i n .....
WNK, 6.. ESW, 10 ...
w, 5.. ....
w, 11 ....
NE, 11 .... SSW. 12. - NE, 12 .... s. 12 .....
SE. 10 .....
NW, 9..
ssw. IO w. 10 .....
IVNW, 11.
s-ssw-wsw. E-NE-NNW.
Steady. SE-S. SW-WNW-NW SSW-W. None. . W-WNW.
SSW 11.. 1% ...... SSW. 11.. SSW-WSW. SS\\-:!I .... I NkN' -1 NW, ll--.l SSW-W.