Record 159 of 382 - CRIS/ICAR 9/96
TI: ELUCIDATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF NATURAL INTERNAL MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE
TO POSTHARVEST DECAY
IN: CONWAY-W-S; MOLINE-H-E
PO: BELTSVILLE AGR RES CENTER
LO: BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20705.
FY: 1995
CL:
PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION GENERAL CLASSIF.
RPA ACTVTY CMMDTY SCNCE PRCNT PRGM JTC
R404 A4870 C1000 F1112 50% P3.13 J3A
R404 A4870 C1000 F1312 50% P3.13 J3A
PH: R404 (Quality-Maintenance-Fruit,-Vegetables);
A4870 (Protection-Against-Molds,-Spoilage);
C1000 (Deciduous-and-Small-Fruits-and-Nuts);
F1112 (Pathology-Plant);
F1312 (Physiology-Plant)
GH: P3.13 (Fruit);
J3A (Food-Systems)
SC: S1011 (Apples) 25%;
S1015 (Peaches) 25%;
S1033 (Strawberries) 50%;
PST1 (Target-I-Biology) 50%;
PST2 (Target-II-Nonpesticidal-Control) 50%
DE: HOST-PATHOGEN-RELATIONS; POST-HARVEST-LOSSES; MECHANISM-OF-ACTION;
NATURE-OF-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; APPLES; STRAWBERRIES; CALCIUM; CELL-WALL;
ETHYLENE; PLANT-BIOCHEMISTRY; FOOD-QUALITY; QUALITY-MAINTENANCE;
FUNGUS-DISEASES-(PLANTS); PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM;
WOUNDS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA
CT: Basic 80%; Applied 20%; Developmental 0%
OB: Identify internal biochemical mechanisms of resistance to postharvest
decay fungi of fruit and determine methods by which these resistance factors
can be maintained or enhanced.
AP: Postharvest treatment of apples with calcium has been shown to reduce
decay caused by Penicillium expansum, a wound pathogen. To be of practical
use, the effect of calcium must be broad spectrum in that it must reduce decay
caused by other postharvest pathogens as well. The effect of calcium on other
important postharvest wound pathogens of apple will be studied to include the
mechanism by which this effect occurs. Latent or quiescent infection will be
studied using strawberries as the host and Botrytis cinerea as the pathogen.
The effects that changes in host cell wall components have on fungal
sporulation, growth, and macerating enzyme activity will be determined.
PR: 9401 TO 9412
Protein(s) present in apple fruit differentially inhibit
polygalacturonase from different pathogens as well as isozymes from the same
pathogen. It appears to be more effective against polygalacturonase isozymes
produced by Botrytis cinerea than those produced by Penicillium expansum. The
calcium concentration of nonheated apple fruit can be increased to a greater
extent through postharvest treatment than heated fruit because the heat
treatment apparently blocks pathways through which calcium solutions enter the
apples. 'Golden Delicious' apple membrane proteins of fruit treated with heat
and calcium at harvest were found to have enhanced antifungal activity against
Botrytis cinerea. This antifungal activity was associated with 40-50 kDa
membrane proteins and increased during storage. These membrane proteins may
play a role in the cell's defense against pathogens. If fruit calcium
concentration can be increased and the inhibitors and membrane proteins can be
identified and enhanced, the combination may help reduce the amount of
fungicides needed to reduce postharvest decay. This will benefit the grower
and consumer because fewer fungicides will be needed and chemical residues on
the fruit surface will be reduced.
PB: 9401 TO 9412
CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E., WANG, C.Y. and ABBOTT, J.A. 1994. Additive
effects of postharvest calcium and heat treatment on ... maintaining quality
in apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:49-53. MOLINE, H.E. 1994. Preharvest
Management ... Postharvest Biocontrol, Chapter V, pp. 57-62. IN: C.L. Wilson
and M.E. Wisniewski (eds.) Biocontrol ... Theory and Practice. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL. ROY, S., CONWAY, W.S., WATADA, A.E., SAMS, C.E., POOLEY, C.D. and
WERGIN, W.P. 1994. Distribution of the anionic sites in the cell wall ...
after calcium treatment. Protoplasma 178:156-167. KUTI, J.O. and MOLINE, H.E.
1994. Effect of postharvest calcium and fungicide treatments on Rhizopus rot
and storage life of 'Early Grande' peaches. J. Subtropical Plant Sci.
46:161-164. ROY, S., CONWAY, W.S., WATADA, A.E., SAMS, C.E., ERBE, E.F. and
WERGIN, W.P. 1994. Heat treatment affects ... wax structure and calcium uptake
in ... apples.HortScience 29:1056-1058. BEAVERS, W.B., SAMS, C.E., CONWAY,
W.S. and BROWN, G.A. 1994. Calcium source affects calcium content, firmness,
and degree of injury of apples during storage. HortScience 29:1520-1523. ROY,
S., CONWAY, W.S., WATADA, A.E., SAMS, C.E. and WERGIN, W.P. 1994. Epicuticular
wax structure and ... calcium uptake in ... apples at various inte.
PB: 9301 TO 9312
TOBIAS, R.B., CONWAY, W.S. and SAMS, C.E. 1993. Polygalacturonase
isozymes from Botrytis cinerea grown on apple pectin. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.
30:829-837. ROY, S., CONWAY, W.S., WATADA, A.E., POOLEY, C.D. and WERGIN, W.P.
1993. Visualization of the anionic sites ... using a cationic colloidal gold
probe. Proc. 51st Microscopy Society of America Meeting p. 320-321. SAMS,
C.E., CONWAY, W.S., ABBOTT, J.A., LEWIS, R.J. and BEN-SHALOM, N. 1993.
Firmness and decay of apples following ... pressure infiltration of calcium
and heat treatment. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118:623-627. MOLINE, H.E. 1993.
Comparison of microsomal membrane proteins from heat-teated and
calcium-infiltrated Golden Delicious apples using polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis. Phytopathology 83:1416. TOBIAS, R.B. and CONWAY, W.S. 1993.
In vivo and In vitro isozymes of polygalacturonase in fungal-infected apple
fruit. Plant Physiol. 102(S):113. CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E., WANG, C.Y. and
ABBOTT, J.A. 1993. Effects of combiningpostharvest calcium and heat treatment
on reducing decay and maintaining qualityin apples. HortScience 28:227.
FORCHERIO, J.L., SAMS, C.E. and CONWAY, W.S. 1993. Reduction in ethylene
production induced by ... heat treatment occurs without an apparent decrease
in ethylene-forming enzyme activity. HortScience 28:227.
PB: 9201 TO 9212
CONWAY, W., SAMS, C., and TOBIAS, R. 1992. Reduction of storage decay in
apples by postharvest calcium infiltration. Acta Hort. 326: Accepted May 15,
1992. SAMS, C. and CONWAY, W. 1992. Postharvest calcium infiltration improves
fresh and processing quality of apples. Acta Hort. 326: Accepted June 9, 1992.
TOBIAS, R., CONWAY, W. et al. 1992. Composition of calcium-treated apples
inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Phytochemistry 32: Accepted June 24, 1992.
MOLINE, H.E. and LOCKE, J.C. 1992. Comparison of neem seed oil with calcium
and three fungicides to control postharvest decays of apples. HortScience 28:
Accepted August 3, 1992. CONWAY, W.S. et al. 1992. Factors affecting ...
fruits. IN R. Macrae, R. Robinson and M. Sadler (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food
Science. Academic Press Ltd. London, England. Accepted December 11, 1992.
TOBIAS, R., CONWAY, W., GROSS, K. and WHITAKER, B. 1992. Alterations in cell
wall ... in calcium ... apple inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Plant Physiol.
Abstr. 99(S):108. CONWAY, W., SAMS, C., ABBOTT, J. and BEN-SHALOM, N. 1992.
The effects of postharvest calcium and heat treatment on firmness and decay of
apples. Phytopathology Abstr. 82:1138.
PB: 9101 TO 9112
BEAVERS, W.B., SAMS, C.E. and CONWAY, W.S. 1991. Potential of three
calcium sources for increasing calcium content and maintaining firmness of
apples duringcold storage. HortScience Abstr. 26:690. CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E.
and KELMAN, A. 1991. Enhancing natural internal mechanisms of resistance to
latent infections through mineral nutrition. HortScience Abstr. 26:801.
MOLINE, H.E. 1991. Effect of Neem Oil on wound ethylene and decay in apple
fruitinoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Phytopath. Abstr. 81:1231. MOLINE, H.E.
1991. Biocontrol of postharvest ... of fruits and vegetables. pp.114-124. IN
C.L. Wilson and E. Chalutz (eds.) Workshop on Biological ... Diseases of
Fruits and Vegetables. USDA:ARS-92. CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E., McGUIRE, R.G.
and KELMAN, A. 1991. Calcium treatment of apples and potatoes to reduce
postharvest decay. Plant Dis. 75: Accepted Oct.31, 1991.
PB: 9010 TO 9012
MOLINE, H.E. 1990. The effects of postharvest calcium-fungicide
combinations on control of apple storage diseases. Phytopathology 80:974.
(Abstract). CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E. and ABBOTT, J.A. 1990. Effect of
supplemental calcium on decay of apple caused by Glomerella cingulata.
Phytopathology 80:1044. (Abstract). WELLS, J.M. and MOLINE, H.E. 1990.
Differentiation of soft rotting Erwinias (thecarotovora group) by fatty acid
composition. J. Phytopathology 130: Accepted April 21, 1990. BRUTON, B.D.,
TABER, R.A., GROSS, K.C. and CONWAY, W.S. 1990. Botryosphaeria dothidea from
muskmelon: in vitro growth. J. Rio Grande Valley Hort. Soc. 43: Accepted
October 15, 1990. CONWAY, W.S., SAMS, C.E., ABBOTT, J.A. and BRUTON, B.D.
1991. Postharvest calcium treatment . broad-spectrum protection against
postharvest pathogens. Plant Dis. 75: Accepted December 10, 1990.
IC: 006521
SU: Region 1 (Northeastern).
PS: NEW
UD: 9010
UP: 9503
PP: 9412
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