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Introduction 1 1. Theatrical Censorship and Its Early Settings: The Greek Ideal and the Problems with Drama 11 1.1 Plato's Background 12 1.2 The Ideal Form 14 1.3 Formalism and The Republic 15 1.4 Mimesis, the Fallibility of Imitation 19 1.5 Platonic Subject Matter 22 1.6 Education and Morality 23 1.7 Educational Catharsis 28 1.8 Educational Censorship 29 1.9 Economic Immorality 32 1.10 Corruptive Fallaciousness 33 1.11 Inspiration 37 1.12 Innovation 42 1.13 Orality versus the Written Text 42 1.14 Authorial Control 44 2. The Continuation of Classical Ideals and Anti-theatrical Sentiments in New Spain 47 2.1 The Control of Theater/Drama as Mandated through New Spain's Official Ecclesiastical Writings, 1524-1585 51 2.1.1 The juntas eclesidsticas from 1524 to 1546 and the Tenure of Archbishop Juan de Zumirraga 56 2.1.1.1 Spaniard Against Spaniard 57 2.1.1.2 Spanish and Indigenous Interactions 62 2.1.1.3 The Natives and the Christian God 69 2.1.2 The Three Provincial Councils: The Dictates of Archbishops Alonso de Montufar and Pedro Moya de Contreras 75 2.1.2.1 The First Mexican Provincial Council of 1555 76 2.1.2.2 The Second Mexican Provincial Council (1565) and the Influence of the Council of Trent 77 2.1.2.3 The Third Mexican Provincial Council (1585) and the Inquisition 80 2.2 The Personal Writings of Juan de ZumArraga 89 3. Indigenous Influence, Catechistical Purpose, and Hybridization in Didactic Representations and the Early ginero chico Dramas of New Spain 99 3.1 An Historical, Social and Political Framework 101 3.1.1 The Nahuatl Language and the Pre- and Post- Columbian World 102 3.1.2 The Purpose and Character of Pre-Columbian Nahuatl Theatrical Representations 107 3.1.3 Pre-Columbian Theater 111 3.1.4 Indigenous Representational Spaces 115 3.2 Occidental Conversional Theater and Drama in New Spain and its Relationship to Pre-Conquest Representations 124 3.2.1 Spiritual Conquest through Theater 125 3.3 The Old and the New World Meet: Hybrid Representation in New Spain 131 4. The First Extant American Drama: Nexcuitilmachiotl motenhuajuiciofinal by Fray Andres de Olmos 151 4.1 Fray Andres de Olmos, the Man 152 4.2 The Nexcuitilmachiotl motenhuajuiciofinal 155 4.2.1 The Early Performances and Texts 156 4.2.2 A synopsis of Eljuiciofinal 158 4.3 The Hybridized Eljuicio final: Mis(Re)interpretation 160 4.3.1 Language 164 4.3.2 Dramatic personae 167 4.3.3 Staging Techniques 171 4.3.4 Performance Sites 178 5. Theater and Drama in New Spain: Censorship and Governmental Controls in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century 185 5.1 Hernin GonzAlez de Eslava 186 5.2 Juan Prez Ramirez 199 5.3 The 1574 performance of"Coloquio espiritual y sacramental III" and Desposorio espiritual entre el pastor Pedro y la Iglesia Mexicana 203 5.4 Crist6bal de Llerena and his Entremes (1588) 210 Conclusion 217 Appendices: 1. The addenda of Archbishop Juan de Zumb aga to the first and second editions of the Compendio breve que tracta de la manera de como se han de hazer las processiones (1544) by Dionisio Rickel, el cartujano 223 2. The Nexcuitilmachiotl motenhuajuiciofinal (1531-33) by Fray Andres de Olmos 233 3. Entremds (1588) by Crist6bal de Llerena 245