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publications > report > resource and land information for south dade county, florida > fish and wildlife > exotic animals and plants


FISH AND WILDLIFE

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Everglades N.P.
Coastal Zone
Fish & Wildlife
- Estuaries
- Endangered Species
- Recreation
> Exotic Species
Miccosukee Indians
Conclusion
References

Exotic Animals and Plants

In 1971 a total of 31,122,579 animals were imported through Miami. This represented 30 percent of all wildlife imported into the United States that year. Included were 62,805 mammals-mostly primates; 29,299,397 live fish; 2,413 mollusks and crustaceans; 47,297 amphibians; and 1,249,232 reptiles-varying in species from large snakes such as boa constrictors, pythons, and deadly cobras to small caymans and chameleons.

Such imports are increasing at a rapid rate. For example, in 1969 more than 640,000 wild birds, representing more than 800 species, were imported into the United States. About half of these came through the Customs Office in Miami. By 1971 the number of birds had increased to almost one million (995,260) with 51 percent (511,435) coming through Miami.

photo of water hyacinths
Water Hyacinth
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photo of walking catfish
Walking Catfish
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photo of Giant Marine Toad

Giant Marine Toad
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photo of Giant Snail
Giant Snail
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photo of Monk Parakeet
Monk Parakeet
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photo of melaleuca tree
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aerial photo of melaleuca trees
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Melaleuca Tree
Exotics introduced to the area, either intentionally or by accident, frequently spread rapidly and compete dangerously with native species


photo of person inspecting crates
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Because of the semi-tropical climate of southern Florida and because most of the imported plants and animals come from the tropical or semi-tropical countries of South America and Africa, these exotics flourish here, and the chances of establishment of accidentally released animals and plants is greater. However, many are capable of surviving in more temperate climates. A good example is the monk parakeet. Now well established in Miami as several nesting flocks, individuals or small flocks are also surviving in other States such as New York, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Virginia, and Georgia.

photo of man fishing out of boat
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Millions of dollars are spent each year to rid waterways of exotic plants such as water hyacinth. The melaleuca tree, although serving as a fine wind break in certain areas, is already competing dangerously with native species in the Everglades. The most significant group, however, is the fish species that have become so well established in some bodies of water in Florida. Since Florida is potentially in the most vulnerable position for damage from these unwanted exotics, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission has established a list of species of fish which may not be transported into or possessed in the State without a permit from the Commission.

The Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission is actively pursuing a new monitoring program to restrict the importation of exotics that may prove harmful to the environment. They are especially concerned about those species that may become agricultural pests, vectors of human or domestic and wild animal diseases, or overly competitive with native species for space, food, or nesting habitat.


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Last updated: 04 May, 2004 @ 11:30 AM(TJE)