DOE O 151.1B Draft 151.1B Comprehensive Emergency Management System <AUTHOR> <AUTHOR_EMAIL> <ORG> SO <SUMMARY> The proposed revision is needed to update and clarify emergency management policy documents to remedy safety legacy issues identified in the July 1998, Office of Oversight report, "Independent Oversight Evaluation of Emergency Management Programs Across the DOE Complex" (Vol. 1 and 2), and subsequent follow-up reports to enhance effective emergency response. <DATE_ISSUE> 06/11/2001 <DATE_CLOSE> <TEXT> U.S. Department of Energy ORDER WASHINGTON, D.C. DOE O 151.1B Approved: XX-XX-01 Review: XX-XX-03 SUBJECT: COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1. OBJECTIVES. a. To ensure that the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System is ready to respond promptly, efficiently, and effectively to any emergency involving DOE or NNSA facilities, activities, or operations, or any emergency requiring DOE or NNSA assistance, by applying the necessary resources to mitigate consequences and protect workers, the public, the environment, and national security. b. To establish requirements for comprehensive planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response activities of emergency management programs for the Department of Energy (DOE), including the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), or for DOE or NNSA organizations providing Emergency Assistance. c. To coordinate development and integration of emergency management programs with the DOE's Integrated Safety Management (ISM) system, thereby providing a seamless approach to protection of the public, workers, and the environment. d. To respond in accordance with the provisions of Federal interagency plans [e.g., the Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP), the National Contingency Plan (NCP), and the Federal Response Plan (FRP)], Presidential direction, treaties and other international agreements, and Tribal, State, or local agreements of mutual aid. 2. CANCELLATIONS. The Orders listed below are canceled. Cancellation of an Order does not, by itself, modify or otherwise affect any contractual obligation to comply with such an Order. Canceled Orders incorporated by reference in a contract must remain in effect until the contract is modified to delete the reference to the requirements in the canceled Orders and to incorporate the new requirements of DOE O 151.1B. a. DOE O 151.1A COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, dated 11-1-00. b. DOE 5500.11, POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, dated 5-9-94 3. APPLICABILITY. a. DOE Elements. Except for the exclusions below, this Order applies to all DOE elements, including NNSA. b. Contractors. Except for the exclusions below, this Order must be included as a List B directive under the provisions of 48 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 970.5204-78. It must be applied to the universe of contractors awarded DOE or NNSA procurement contracts involving the management and operation of DOE or NNSA-owned and leased facilities and activities, contractors awarded performance-based management contracts, or contractors with responsibility for providing Emergency Assistance. Contractor requirements must be supplemented, as necessary, by DOE or NNSA field elements to implement the requirements of this Order. Contractors must continue to comply with the requirements of Orders canceled by this Order until their contracts are modified to delete the reference to the requirements of the canceled Order and to incorporate the new requirements of DOE O 151.1B. c. Exclusions. (1) The facilities and activities of the NNSA Office of Naval Reactors are excluded from the requirements of this Order. (2) Except where otherwise agreed, all DOE or NNSA facilities subject to Nuclear Regulatory Commission license requirements are specifically excluded from the requirements of this Order. d. Exemptions. (1) If a DOE or NNSA element or contractor can demonstrate that it is subject to emergency management program requirements under the authority of other Federal regulatory agencies and those requirements are at least as stringent as the requirements of this Order, an exemption may be requested. (2) Requests for exemptions from the requirements of this Order must document the basis for each exemption and must establish and justify alternatives equivalent to, or exceeding, this Order. A process conducted under the provisions of DOE M 450.3-1, DOE CLOSURE PROCESS FOR NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT SETS OF STANDARDS, (see paragraph 4.a.(3)(b), this Order) may be used to develop alternative requirements, with the resulting alternatives submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 3.d.(3) below. (3) Requests for exemptions are approved jointly by the Secretarial Officer and the Director of Emergency Operations, with conflicts resolved by the Deputy Secretary or designated Chief Operating Officer for DOE. Requests for exemptions must be submitted from the field element manager to the appropriate secretarial officer(s) and the Director of Emergency Operations. 4. REQUIREMENTS. a. Concept of Operations. The DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System provides an organizational framework for promptly, effectively, and efficiently responding to a wide variety of emergency events and conditions so that appropriate response measures are taken to protect workers, the public, the environment, and national security. The DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System provides for the direction, coordination, and requirements necessary to appropriately respond to Operational Emergencies, Energy Emergencies, and Emergency Assistance. (1) Emergency Management Activities. The DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System provides the requirements for accomplishing the following key emergency management activities essential for developing, implementing, and maintaining emergency management programs adequate to respond to a wide variety of emergency events and conditions: (a) emergency planning, which includes identification of hazards and threats, hazard mitigation, development and preparation of emergency plans and procedures, and identification of personnel and resources needed for an effective response; (b) emergency preparedness, which includes the acquisition and maintenance of resources, and the conduct of training, drills, and exercises; (c) readiness assurance, which includes evaluations (assessments) and documentation to ensure that stated emergency response capabilities are sufficient to implement emergency plans; and (d) emergency response, which includes the application of resources to mitigate consequences to workers, the public, the environment, and national security. (2) Commensurate with Hazards and Tailoring. The development and implementation of specific requirements for an emergency management program depends on the application of a "commensurate with hazards" analysis approach. This approach enables the tailoring of emergency management requirements for planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response to the specific potential hazards associated with DOE or NNSA facilities and activities (e.g., onsite transfer of hazardous materials). Tailoring can eliminate unproductive or unnecessary features or activities that add to the implementation costs of emergency management programs, without adding substantially to the level of protection of workers, the public, the environment, and national security. (a) The tailoring of requirements depends on both the magnitude and complexity of the hazards. The magnitude of the hazards is measured by the potential to exceed health, safety, and environmental protective action criteria, and the geographic extent of the consequences (i.e., those affecting either the local area only, collocated facilities, and/or offsite populations). The complexity of the hazards is measured by the difficulties encountered or level of sophistication required to recognize the severity of the potential release events, and to conduct a prompt, effective, and efficient emergency response. The difficulties encountered or level of sophistication required may be due to: the diversity of hazards; inherent characteristics of the hazards; conditions of storage, use, or containment; environmental conditions; potential synergistic effects among hazards; meteorological conditions; and/or availability of appropriate response resources. In some cases, the complexity of hazards associated with a facility or activity may have a greater impact on the emergency management program than the magnitude of hazards. (b) Facilities and activities with comparable hazards (in terms of both magnitude and complexity) affecting workers, the public, the environment, and national security must have similar levels of emergency management requirements. Emergency management programs for complex and higher-hazard facilities/activities are expected to use more resources in meeting the requirements than emergency management programs for simple and lower- hazard facilities and activities. A greater expenditure of resources for emergency management programs at complicated and higher-hazard facilities/activities, however, does not imply that a lower level of preparedness or attentiveness is acceptable for simpler, lower-hazard facilities/activities. (c) The "commensurate with hazards" approach does not relieve DOE, NNSA, or contractor management from the responsibility and obligation to develop, implement, and maintain effective and efficient emergency management plans and procedures or to adequately identify, support, and maintain appropriate emergency response resources. Regardless of the magnitude and complexity of facility/activity hazards, adequate Hazards Surveys/Assessments, emergency plans and procedures, and supporting documentation must be developed, maintained, and available for independent review. All emergency management programs across the DOE and NNSA complex must be maintained at the same level of readiness to provide an appropriate level of protection to people and the environment, regardless of specific hazards and associated complexity. The planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response activities and associated resources needed to develop and maintain an adequate emergency management program to achieve and sustain this equivalency may, however, vary significantly in scope, content, extent, and intensity, as a result of tailoring of requirements to be "commensurate with hazards." (3) Emergency Management Link to Integrated Safety Management. As the last line of defense in protecting the workers, the public, and the environment, the comprehensive emergency management program at each site/facility is a key element of work planning and execution in accordance with DOE P 450.4, SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY. Emergency management (like quality assurance, maintenance, personnel training, conduct of operations, fire protection, and, waste management) must be a specific function addressed by the safety management program necessary to ensure the safe operation of a facility. (a) The requirements contained in this Order set forth DOE's expectations for emergency management and provide mechanisms for effectively integrating emergency management objectives with ISM core safety management functions. For example, the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment, which is an integral part of the "commensurate with hazards" approach, is the ISM safety mechanism that provides the recognition tools (e.g., emergency action levels) and defines the appropriate response (e.g., protective actions) to potential releases of hazardous materials. Such hazard controls are essential components in the last line of defense in protecting workers, the public, and the environment. (b) Since 1991, the Department's emergency management Orders have incorporated the concept of tailoring requirements to specific hazards at a site or facility through the "commensurate with hazards" approach. Through the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment, which provides the technical planning basis, the "commensurate with hazards" approach provides flexibility for tailoring the generic elements of the emergency management program (e.g., plans, tools, training, response, resources) to the specific work and related hazards at the facility. Other tailoring approaches, such as the Work Smart Standards suggested in the ISM guidance, DOE G 450.3-3, TAILORING FOR INTEGRATED SAFETY MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS, can achieve equivalent results to the "commensurate with hazards" approach for emergency management programs, particularly when DOE O 151.1B is included in the agreed upon set of standards. If a process conducted under the provisions of DOE M 450.3-1, DOE CLOSURE PROCESS FOR NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT SETS OF STANDARDS, or any other tailoring approach is used to develop alternative requirements to those contained in this Order, the resulting alternatives must be submitted for approval in accordance with Section 3.d.(3). (4) Operational Emergencies. Operational Emergencies include the spectrum of significant emergency events or conditions that involve or affect DOE or NNSA facilities and activities by causing or having the potential to cause serious health and safety impacts onsite or offsite to workers or the public, serious detrimental effects on the environment, direct harm to people or the environment as a result of degradation of security or safeguards conditions, or release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials. See Attachment 1 for further definitions of Operational Emergencies. (a) Facilities and sites comprise the primary capability for responding to an Operational Emergency, including directing appropriate emergency response actions within the area under their control and at the scene of the emergency. The facility/site emergency response capability is based on comprehensive and integrated plans and procedures that implement the planning, preparedness, and response requirements contained in paragraphs 4.b. through 4.f. of this Order, and in the corresponding Manuals. The performance of these requirements is validated through the readiness assurance program. (b) Operations/field offices (and, if appropriate, site/area offices) oversee and support emergency management activities at sites/facilities under their cognizance for responding to an Operational Emergency. These oversight and support activities may include: overseeing implementation of DOE and NNSA emergency management policy and requirements at the facility/site; overseeing the conduct of facility/site emergency planning and preparedness activities; conducting periodic evaluations of facility/site emergency management programs; monitoring emergency response at the facility/site; providing support as needed to the facility/site during an Operational Emergency; assisting with issue resolution; coordinating interagency and public information activities at the regional level; and coordinating with Headquarters response organizations. These activities are based on comprehensive and integrated plans and procedures that address the requirements contained in paragraphs 4.b. through 4.f. of this Order, and in the corresponding Manuals. (c) DOE and NNSA Headquarters organizations oversee and support the emergency management activities of the operations/field office and the facility/site through developing policy and requirements; managing programmatic activities (e.g., directing and funding implementation of policy and requirements); conducting periodic evaluations of emergency management programs and activities; and activities such as monitoring the response; providing support as needed; assisting with issue resolution; and coordinating interagency, congressional, and public information activities at the national level. Headquarters provides strategic direction to the DOE or NNSA response and evaluates the emergency's impact on DOE or NNSA operations, missions, and functions. Headquarters emergency response activities are conducted through the Operations Center under the direction of a senior official designated as the Headquarters Emergency Manager. (5) Energy Emergencies. Energy Emergencies encompass events or conditions representing, causing, or having the potential to cause a substantial impact on energy supply, distribution, or infrastructure in a limited local area, region of the country, or the nation as a whole. The DOE Energy Emergency Program ensures that DOE is capable of assisting in the prevention and mitigation of energy supply crises and their associated economic impacts. The program also provides for DOE assistance for Presidentially-declared emergencies invoking the Stafford Act (Public Law 93-288, as amended) and as implemented through the FRP. Response activities for Energy Emergencies are normally concentrated at DOE Headquarters, with assistance provided by the Power Marketing Administrations. The Energy Emergency Program may be implemented coincident with Emergency Assistance. (6) Emergency Assistance. The DOE's Emergency Assistance Program encompasses a DOE response to national security threats or other events or conditions requiring DOE assistance, expertise, resources, or assets, and includes Continuity of Government (COG) and Continuity of Operations (COOP) Programs. Accordingly, the Emergency Assistance Program includes all activities that use DOE or NNSA resources, emergency response assets, personnel, and/or facilities to support Federal interagency plans, Presidential Directives, and State, local, or Tribal agreements of mutual aid. Emergency Assistance may be implemented coincident with an Energy Emergency response. b. General Duties. (1) DOE, NNSA, and their contractors, must implement a Comprehensive Emergency Management System designed to: (a) minimize the consequences of all emergencies involving or affecting Departmental facilities, operations, and activities; (b) protect the health and safety of all workers and the public from hazards associated with DOE or NNSA operations and those associated with decontamination, decommissioning, and environmental restoration; (c) prevent damage to the environment; and, (d) promote effective and efficient integration of all applicable requirements, including those promulgated by other agencies and Federal interagency emergency plans. (2) Operational Emergency Base Program. (a) Within the context of the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System, DOE, NNSA, and their contractors, must implement and document an integrated Operational Emergency Base Program for each facility that provides the framework for response to serious events involving health and safety, the environment, safeguards, and security, in accordance with regulations developed by other DOE organizations, other Federal agencies, and, if applicable, State and local requirements for fundamental worker safety programs (e.g., fire, safety, and security). These requirements are not necessarily unique to DOE or NNSA operations. (b) Any event involving oil spills (including the subsequent release of associated airborne hazardous byproducts) is within the scope of the Operational Emergency Base Program through compliance with 40 CFR Subchapter D, Water Programs, Parts 100 through 129. An assessment of hazards to human health and the environment due to the spill is included as part of the mandated Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. This assessment, which must consider the direct and indirect effects of the spill (i.e., the effects of any gases that may be generated, or the effects of any water runoffs), must be referenced in the Hazards Survey (see Attachment 2, paragraph 3.a.(3) and paragraph 4.a.) (3) In accordance with 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 7412(r), DOE, NNSA, and their contractors must: (a) identify the hazards that may result from an unplanned release of radioactive or nonradioactive hazardous materials; (b) strive to prevent unplanned releases of radioactive or nonradioactive hazardous materials from a DOE or NNSA facility; and, (c) design and maintain a safe facility, taking any steps necessary to prevent releases. (4) DOE, NNSA, and their contractors, involved in producing, processing, handling, storing, or transporting hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological, etc.) must use the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System specifically to minimize the consequences of any unplanned release of hazardous materials to workers, the public, and the environment through: (a) identification of hazards and the potential consequences from unplanned releases, using accepted quantitative assessment techniques; the resulting assessment to be used as the technical basis for determining the extent and scope of the emergency management program; and, (b) development, implementation, documentation, and maintenance of effective, integrated emergency management programs that are commensurate with the hazards, and that address the following elements: program administration; training and drills; exercises; readiness assurance; emergency response organization; offsite response interfaces; emergency facilities and equipment; emergency categorization and classification; notifications and communications; consequence assessment; protective actions (including reentry); emergency medical support; emergency public information; and, termination and recovery. (5) DOE, NNSA, and their contractors, must develop, implement, and document readiness assurance programs designed to ensure that stated emergency capabilities are sufficient to address potential hazards/threats and to implement emergency plans and procedures. (6) DOE, NNSA, and their contractors, must use the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System as the framework to provide expertise and resources (e.g., assets, equipment, personnel, and/or facilities) in accordance with Executive Orders, Presidential Decision Directives, Federal emergency plans (e.g., FRERP, NCP, FRP), treaties and other international agreements, and Tribal, State, or local agreements of mutual aid to respond to: national security threats; regional or national events or conditions affecting or potentially affecting energy supply or infrastructure; events affecting continuity of DOE's minimum essential functions; and events involving nuclear and radiological materials and devices. (7) In accordance with Presidential Decision Directive 67, DOE must develop a COOP plan to provide the capability to maintain essential Government services and emergency functions without significant disruption in the most serious events affecting national security. (8) To ensure protection of worker health and safety in the event of an emergency involving or affecting a leased facility, arrangements with lessees must effectively integrate the activities of a leased facility into the DOE sitewide emergency management program by establishing and sustaining a working partnership for emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response activities. At a minimum, the lease must stipulate that hazardous material inventories must be reported to the site emergency planning organization annually, or when inventories change, and must stipulate how the lessee's emergency management program elements are integrated into the site emergency plan. c. Facility/Site Emergency Management Programs. (1) Each DOE or NNSA facility must implement and document an integrated Operational Emergency Base Program (see Attachment 2) that provides the fundamental framework for response to natural phenomena and other serious events involving or affecting the facility by causing or having the potential to cause serious impacts to health and safety, the environment, safeguards, and security. A qualitative Hazards Survey must be conducted to summarize the scope of the Base Program and applicable emergency management requirements for each facility. (2) In addition to the Operational Emergency Base Program, each DOE or NNSA facility with significant quantities of hazardous materials that have the potential to pose a serious threat to workers, the public, or the environment must develop and maintain a quantitative EPHA (see Attachment 3). Facilities with significant quantities of hazardous materials, as determined by the EPHA results, must have emergency management programs that meet the specific requirements contained in draft DOE M 151.1B-1, OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FIXED-FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ONSITE ACTIVITIES, using the "commensurate with hazards" approach. The Manual specifies requirements for the Operational Emergency Hazardous Materials Program for individual facility or onsite activity. Sites that contain multiple facilities and/or activities may establish sitewide capabilities in selected functional areas. (3) Each DOE or NNSA facility for which an EPHA is not required, or for which the results of an EPHA indicates that all scenarios result in less than an ALERT, must be designated as an Operational Emergency Base Program facility and must meet the requirements contained in Attachment 2. (4) Implementation of DOE emergency management requirements for establishing and maintaining emergency management programs, which reflect the appropriate scope of planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response activities, must be commensurate with the magnitude of facility hazards and the complexities of the emergency management programs necessary to mitigate consequences to protect workers, the public, the environment, and national security. (5) To develop an effective and efficient emergency management organization that best meets local conditions, the senior management and operating/integrating contractor official can replace certain facility-specific requirements with site or contractor- specific requirements with the approval of the DOE or NNSA operations/field office manager without requesting an exemption to this Order. The cognizant secretarial officer (CSO) or program secretarial officer (PSO), the lead program secretarial officer (LPSO), the appropriate NNSA Deputy Administrator, and the Director of Emergency Operations must be informed in writing of any such variations, which must also be noted in the emergency plan at both the facility and site/contractor-levels, as well as in the program description in the annual Emergency Readiness Assurance Plan (ERAP). (6) If elements of an Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Program are placed in common site- or contractor-level organizations, as indicated in paragraph 4.c.(4), the associated program requirements must assume those of the facility on the site with the most severe potential Operational Emergencies. d. Emergency Management Programs for Transportation Activities. (1) Transportation of hazardous materials onsite must be incorporated into site/facility emergency management programs that meet the requirements of draft DOE M 151.1-1, OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR FIXED-FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ONSITE ACTIVITIES. (2) Transportation Safeguards System activities must meet the emergency management program requirements contained in draft DOE M 151.1-2, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR TRANSPORTATION SAFEGUARDS SYSTEM ACTIVITIES. (3) Offsite transportation activities involving nonweapons-related hazardous materials must meet the emergency management requirements contained in draft DOE M 151.1-3, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR NON-WEAPONS OFFSITE TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES. e. Power Marketing Administration (PMA) Facilities. Power Marketing Administration facilities must have an emergency management program that meets the requirements contained in draft DOE M 151.1-4, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (PMA) FACILITIES. f. Annual Reports. (1) Emergency Readiness Assurance Plan. Facilities/sites and operations/field offices must submit an ERAP each year covering 4 fiscal years (previous, current, plus the next 2). By September 30 of each year, facilities/sites must submit an ERAP to the cognizant operations/field office, which must submit an ERAP summarizing its programs and its facility/site submissions to the appropriate LPSO/CSO/PSO and the Director of Emergency Operations by November 30 of each year. See also Attachment 2, paragraph 4.b.(14)(a). (2) Annual Status Report on the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System. Based on ERAPs and other sources of information, the Director of Emergency Operations must prepare an annual status report on emergency management and submit it to the DOE Deputy Secretary/Chief Operating Officer by April 30 of each year. g. Implementation. (1) Sites/facilities/activities must develop implementation schedules for full compliance with this Order and any applicable Manual. These schedules must be submitted to the operations/field office manager for approval with the next ERAP. The approved implementation schedule must accompany the operations/field office ERAP submission to the LPSO, CSO, and PSO, as well as to the Director of Emergency Operations. (2) Operations/field managers must ensure that contracts are modified to incorporate the changes made in this Order and accompanying Manuals by 9-30-02. If contracts are not modified by this date, the operations/field office manager must submit a separate report to the Secretary, through the LPSO and the Director of Emergency Operations, detailing the status of negotiations regarding contract modification. This separate report must accompany the ERAP. (3) Changes to Hazards Surveys and EPHAs, or new Hazards Surveys and EPHAs, which result from: (a) changes in requirements from DOE O 151.1A, except for changes in the hazardous material screening process, must be completed by 9-30-02. (b) changes resulting from changes in the hazardous material screening process (see Attachment 2, paragraph 3.b.), must be completed by 9-30-04. (4) Facility emergency management programs must be changed to fully comply with this Order and associated Manuals by 9-30-04. (5) Non-mandatory implementation guidance for this Order is published separately in the EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT GUIDES (DOE G 151.1-1 series). 5. RESPONSIBILITIES. See Attachment 4. 6. CONTACT. For assistance regarding this directive, contact the Director of Emergency Operations at 202-586-9892. BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY: OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY EVENTS AND CONDITIONS 1. GENERAL. Operational Emergencies include the spectrum of events or conditions that involve or affect DOE facilities and activities by causing or having the potential to cause serious health and safety impacts onsite or offsite to workers or the public, serious detrimental effects on the environment, direct harm to people or the environment as a result of degradation of security or safeguards conditions, or release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials (radioactive, chemical, biological, etc.). Serious health impacts for accidental releases of hazardous materials (radioactive and non-radioactive) are determined by comparisons of projected radiation doses or air concentrations with established protective action criteria. The protective action criteria for releases of radioactive material are contained in the Protective Action Guides (PAG) promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency. For non-radioactive materials, the following protective action criteria are listed in order of preference: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency; Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association; and, Temporary Emergency Exposure Levels (TEEL) developed by DOE for use until AEGLs or ERPGs are available. Operational Emergencies are significant unplanned or nonroutine abnormal events or conditions caused by, involving, or affecting DOE or NNSA facilities or activities and that require resources from outside the immediate/affected area or local event scene to augment/reinforce/supplement the initial response and that also require initiation of response activities beyond the local event scene. Operational Emergencies result in more serious consequences and require more response resources than events reported as Unusual Occurrences under DOE O 232.1A, OCCURRENCE REPORTING AND PROCESSING OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION, in the same occurrence groups. 2. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY DEFINITIONS. Serious events or conditions with direct or indirect health and safety concerns that must be categorized as Operational Emergencies are included in the list given below. This list is not all-inclusive and other serious events or conditions that warrant categorization as Operational Emergencies must also be considered in facility and site-specific procedures. Only onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, including onsite transportation (i.e., transfer of hazardous materials) accidents, are classified according to actual or potential level of severity (see paragraph 3.e. below). For serious events or conditions not involving hazardous materials, the lack of distinction of the severity through classification implies neither the lack of importance or recognition of seriousness nor the lack of need for prompt and efficient response and timely notification and communication concerning the event. Neither the efficiency nor the effectiveness of the local response to these serious events or conditions would be enhanced by classification. Serious events or conditions that must be categorized as Operational Emergencies include the following. a. The following events or conditions represent, cause, or have the potential to cause serious health and safety impacts to workers or members of the public: (1) a discovery of radioactive or other hazardous material contamination from past DOE or NNSA operations that may have caused, is causing, or may reasonably be expected to cause uncontrolled personnel exposures exceeding protective action criteria; (2) an offsite hazardous material event not associated with DOE or NNSA operations that is observed to have or is predicted to affect a DOE or NNSA site or activity(ies) such that protective actions are required onsite; (3) an occurrence (e.g., earthquake, tornado, wildland fire, aircraft crash, fire, explosion) that causes or can reasonably be expected to cause significant structural damage to DOE or NNSA facilities, with confirmed or suspected personnel injury or death or substantial degradation of health and safety; (4) any facility evacuation in response to an actual occurrence that requires time-urgent response by specialist personnel, such as hazardous material responders or mutual aid groups, not normally assigned to the affected facility; (5) an unplanned nuclear criticality; (6) any non-transportation-related mass casualty event. b. The following events or conditions represent, cause, or have the potential to cause serious detrimental effects on the environment: (1) any release to the environment of hazardous material or regulated pollutant, determined or estimated to be in a quantity greater than five times the Reportable Quantity (RQ) specified for such material in 40 CFR 302, and that could result in significant offsite consequences, such as major wildlife kills, wetland degradation, aquifer contamination, or the need to secure downstream water supply intakes; (2) any spill of more than 1,000 gallons (24 barrels) of oil to inland waters; more than 10,000 gallons (238 barrels) of oil to coastal waters; or a quantity of oil that could result in significant off-site consequences (e.g., need to relocate people, major wildlife kills, wetland degradation, aquifer contamination, need to secure downstream water supply intakes, etc.). [Oil as defined by the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1321) means any kind of oil and includes petroleum.] c. The following events or conditions represent, cause, or have the potential to cause degradation of security or safeguards conditions with actual or potential direct harm to people or the environment: (1) an actual unplanned detonation of an explosive device or a credible threatened detonation resulting from the location of a confirmed or suspicious explosive device; (2) an actual terrorist attack or sabotage event involving a DOE or NNSA site/facility or operation; (3) a kidnaping or the taking of hostage(s) involving a DOE or NNSA site/facility or operation; (4) an actual theft or loss of a Category I or II quantity of special nuclear materials or other hazardous material that, if released, could endanger workers, the public, or the environment; (5) any damage or destruction of a site or facility by natural or malevolent means sufficient to expose classified information to unauthorized disclosure. d. Emergencies involving DOE or NNSA offsite transportation activities are categorized as Operational Emergencies without additional distinction of severity of the incident/accident (i.e., Alert, Site Area Emergency, and General Emergency) because each non-DOE or NNSA jurisdiction involved will likely have different event classification schemes and criteria. The following events or conditions represent an actual or potential release of hazardous materials from an offsite DOE or NNSA shipment: (1) the radiation dose from any release of a radioactive material or a concentration in air from the release of any other hazardous material is expected to require establishment of a protective action zone. ("Protective action zone" is defined in the U.S. Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guidebook.) (2) any failures in safety systems threaten the integrity of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device. (3) any damage to a nuclear explosive, nuclear explosive-like assembly, or Category I/II quantity of special nuclear materials as a result of a transportation accident. e. An event or condition representing an actual or potential onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials is classified as a General Emergency, Site Area Emergency, or Alert as follows. (1) GENERAL EMERGENCY. A General Emergency must be declared when events are predicted, in progress, or have occurred that result in one or more of the following situations. (a) An actual or imminent catastrophic reduction of facility safety or security systems has the potential for releasing large quantities of hazardous materials to the environment. The radiation dose from any release of radioactive material or a concentration in air from any release of other hazardous material is expected to exceed the applicable protective action criteria at or beyond the site boundary. (b) An actual or likely catastrophic failures in safety or security systems threaten the integrity of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device and may adversely affect the health and safety of workers and the public. (2) SITE AREA EMERGENCY. A Site Area Emergency must be declared when events are predicted, in progress, or have occurred that result in one or more of the following situations. (a) An actual or potential major failure of functions necessary for the protection of workers or the public has occurred. The radiation dose from any release of radioactive material or concentration in air from any release of other hazardous material is expected to exceed the applicable protective action criteria beyond the facility boundary or exclusion zone boundary. The protective action criteria are not expected to be exceeded at or beyond the site boundary. (b) An actual or potential threat to the integrity of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device has occurred that may adversely affect the health and safety of workers and the public in the immediate area onsite, but would not adversely affect the public offsite. (c) An actual or potential major degradation in the level of safety or security of a facility or process could, with further degradation, produce a General Emergency. (3) ALERT. An Alert must be declared when events are predicted, are in progress, or have occurred that result in one or more of the following. (a) An actual or potential substantial degradation in the level of control over hazardous materials has occurred. The radiation dose from any release to the environment of radioactive material or a concentration in air of other hazardous material is expected to exceed a site-specific criterion corresponding to a small fraction (10 percent) of the applicable protective action criteria at or beyond the facility boundary or exclusion zone boundary. It is not expected that the applicable protective action criteria will be exceeded at or beyond the facility boundary or exclusion zone boundary. (b) An actual or potential substantial degradation in the level of safety or security of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device has occurred but would not pose an immediate threat onsite to workers or the public. (c) An actual or potential substantial degradation in the level of safety or security of a facility or process has occurred that could, with further degradation, produce a Site Area Emergency or General Emergency. HAZARDS SURVEY AND OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY BASE PROGRAM 1. PURPOSE. The purpose of this attachment is to describe the Hazards Survey and its role in defining and establishing the Operational Emergency Base Program for DOE or NNSA facilities and activities. The Hazards Survey identifies the generic emergency events and conditions (including natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tornadoes, wildland fires, and other serious events involving or affecting health and safety, the environment, safeguards, and security at the facility) and the potential impacts of such emergencies to be addressed by the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System. The Hazards Survey also identifies key components of the Operational Emergency Base Program that provide a foundation of basic emergency management requirements and an integrated framework for response to serious events involving health and safety, the environment, safeguards, and security (see Attachment 1). The Base Program specifically identifies and acknowledges the required implementation of applicable Federal (including other related DOE or NNSA Orders/regulations), State, and local laws/regulations/ordinances governing fundamental worker and public safety programs (e.g., fire, safety, security, environmental) that support emergency response to identified emergency events and conditions not necessarily unique to DOE or NNSA operations. The Base Program also includes a minimum set of DOE emergency management requirements that are intended to support the recognition that all DOE or NNSA facilities/sites are subject to some level of exposure to Operational Emergencies and are therefore part of the complex-wide DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System. Finally, the Hazards Survey indicates whether a more detailed quantitative analysis of facility hazardous materials (i.e., an EPHA) is necessary to identify the need for the additional requirements of an Operational Emergency Hazardous Materials Program. 2. BASE PROGRAM REGULATIONS. The Operational Emergency Base Program must identify and acknowledge the requirement for compliance with laws/regulations/ordinances and plans developed by other regulatory authorities, including those Federal, Tribal, State, and local emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response requirements that apply. Applicable Federal agency regulations and other DOE Orders/ regulations to be considered include the following. a. Title 18 CFR 12, Safety of Water Power Projects and Project Works, requires emergency plans to protect the health and safety of members of the public upstream and downstream of water projects [dams]. b. Title 29 CFR 1910.38, Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans, requires an emergency plan that covers actions employers and employees must take to ensure employee safety from fire and other emergencies. c. Title 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, requires the development and implementation of a plan to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals that may result in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards and provides a list of hazardous materials threshold quantities. d. Title 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, establishes safety requirements and requires training for workers involved in the treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste. e. Title 29 CFR 1910.165, Employee Alarm Systems, requires employee notification systems. f. Title 29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens, establishes safety standards to exposures to blood and other potentially infectious materials. g. Title 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazards Communication, ensures information concerning hazards is transmitted to employers and employees. h. Title 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, establishes safety requirement and requires training for workers involved in laboratory work with hazardous chemicals, specifically including emergencies in laboratories and allergens, embryotoxins and animal work with chemicals of high chronic toxicity. i. Title 30 CFR 49, Mine Rescue Teams, applies to DOE or NNSA facilities where underground mines exist, and ensures the availability of mine rescue capability for purposes of emergency rescue and recovery. j. Title 30 CFR 57, Safety and Health Standards Underground Metal and Nonmetal Mines, applies to DOE or NNSA facilities where underground mines exist and sets forth mandatory safety and health standards for each underground metal or nonmetal mine, including related surface operations. k. Title 40 CFR Subchapter C, Air Programs, Parts 50-95, implements the Clean Air Act. Of note, 40 CFR 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions, requires emergency planning for industries with hazardous materials and includes hazardous materials threshold quantities at 40 CFR 68.130. l. Title 40 CFR Subchapter D, Water Programs, Parts 100 through 129, implements the Clean Water Act. Contingency planning for oil spills are required by 40 CFR 109 through 112. Part of the mandated Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan is assessment of hazards to human health and the environment due to the release. The assessment must consider the direct and indirect effects of the release (i.e., the effects of any gases that may be generated, or the effects of any water runoffs). m. Title 40 CFR 116, Designation of Hazardous Substances, and 40 CFR 117, Determination of Reportable Quantities for Hazardous Substances, require limiting discharge of hazardous chemicals through the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits. n. Title 40 CFR 141, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, and 40 CFR 142, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation, implement provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act. o. The following regulations require emergency planning for hazardous material waste sites and are generally implemented at DOE and NNSA sites as part of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B permit process, with an emergency plan being part of the permit submission: (1) Title 40 CFR 260, Hazardous Waste Management System; (2) Title 40 CFR 264, Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities; and (3) Title 40 CFR 265, Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities. p. Title 40 CFR 300, National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, establishes emergency response procedures for oil and hazardous substances, including notifying the National Response Center of chemical spills. q. Title 40 CFR 355, Emergency Planning and Notification, implements requirements of Emergency Planning and the Community Right-to-Know Act and designates hazardous materials threshold planning quantities. r. Title 41 CFR 101-20.103-4, Occupant Emergency Program, and 41 CFR 101-20.103-5, Initiating Action under Occupant Emergency Programs, require occupant emergency programs for Federal property. s. Title 42 CFR 72, Interstate Shipment of Etiological Agents, establishes requirements for shipment and receipt of a viable microorganism or its toxin which causes, or may cause, human disease. t. Title 44 CFR 302, Civil Defense-State and Local Emergency Management Assistance Program (EMA), requires State and local governments to prepare emergency operations plans that address similar hazards. u. Title 49 CFR 172, Subpart G, Emergency Response Information, describes the requirements for providing and maintaining emergency response information during transportation and at facilities where hazardous materials are loaded for transportation, stored incidental to transportation, or otherwise handled during any phase of transportation. v. DOE 5480.20A, PERSONNEL SELECTION, QUALIFICATION, AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR DOE NUCLEAR FACILITIES, dated 11-15-94, establishes selection, qualification, and training requirements for management and operating (M&O) contractor personnel involved in the operation, maintenance, and technical support of nuclear facilities. w. DOE O 232.1A, OCCURRENCE REPORTING AND PROCESSING OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION, dated 7-21-97, ensures that the Office of the Secretary and both DOE and DOE contractor line management are kept fully informed on a timely basis of events that could adversely affect national security or the safeguards and security interests of DOE; the health and safety of the public or the workers; the environment; the intended purpose of DOE facilities; or the credibility of the Department. x. DOE O 252.1, TECHNICAL STANDARDS PROGRAM, dated 11-19-99, promotes the use of voluntary consensus standards by the Department of Energy (DOE), provides DOE with the means to develop needed technical standards, and manages overall technical standards information, activities, issues, and interactions. y. DOE O 420.1, FACILITY SAFETY, dated 10-13-95, with Change 1 dated 11-16-95, Change 2 dated 10-24-96, and Change 3 dated 11-22-00, establishes facility safety requirements related to nuclear safety design, criticality safety, fire protection, and natural phenomena hazards mitigation. z. DOE O 440.1A, WORKER PROTECTION MANAGEMENT FOR DOE FEDERAL AND CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES, dated 3-27-98, establishes the framework for an effective worker protection program that will reduce or prevent injuries, illnesses, and accidental losses by providing DOE and NNSA Federal and contractor workers with a safe and healthful workplace. aa. DOE O 470.1, SAFEGUARDS AND SECURITY PROGRAM, dated 9-28-95, with Change 1 dated 6-21-96, ensures appropriate levels of protection against unauthorized access; theft, diversion, loss of custody, or destruction of nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons components; espionage; loss or theft of classified matter or Government property; and other hostile acts that may cause unacceptable adverse effects on national security or on the health and safety of DOE, NNSA, and contractor employees, the public, or the environment. ab. The Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control has established guidelines for work with biological agents. (1) Biosafety in Microbiology and Biomedical Laboratories, 1988, establishes five biosafety hazard levels for biohazardous agents based upon degree of hazard. (2) Classification of Etiologic Agents on the Basis of Hazards, 1969, assigns degree of hazard (corresponding to biosafety levels 1-5) for individual etiologic agents. (3) "Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, with Special Focus on HIV-Related Issues," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Vol. 39, No. RR-17, December 7, 1990, establishes guideline criteria for the removal efficiency of suspended microbial contaminants as a function of the number of room changes of air per hour and the desired percent microbial contaminant removal efficiency, also guidance for HEPA filtration and germicidal UV irradiation for microbial decontamination. (4) "Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Vol. 36, No. 2S, August 21, 1987, establishes universal precautions (for prevention of transmission of contaminated sera between health care workers and patients) and general precautions for whenever blood or other biological body fluids may be present. 3. HAZARDS SURVEY. A Hazards Survey must be conducted for each DOE or NNSA facility or onsite activity. The Hazards Survey is based on a qualitative examination of the features and characteristics of the facility/activity which results in the identification of: the events and conditions to be addressed by the comprehensive emergency management program and their potential impacts; and, associated external emergency management requirements. Much of the information to be used in the Hazards Survey and included in its documentation should have already been collected in the course of meeting other DOE, NNSA, and Federal, State, Tribal, and local authority requirements. a. Each Hazards Survey is a summary of information (e.g., in matrix or tabular format) that must address: (1) types of serious emergency conditions to which the facility/activity may be exposed (e.g., fires, workplace accidents, natural phenomena, wildland fires, hazardous material releases, offsite hazards causing onsite emergency conditions, malevolent acts, etc.); (2) potential health, safety, environmental, or national security impacts of such emergencies; (3) external and other DOE or NNSA emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response requirements that apply (see paragraph 2 for examples to be considered); and, (4) need for a quantitative Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment (EPHA) based on the hazardous material screening process described in paragraph 3.b., below. b. A hazardous material screening process must be developed to identify candidate hazardous material(s) (radioactive, non-radioactive, and biological) whose potential release to the environment requires further analysis in a quantitative EPHA. (1) The process must identify hazardous material(s) that: immediately threaten those who are in close proximity; have the potential for dispersal beyond the immediate vicinity in quantities that threaten the health and safety of onsite personnel or the public in collocated facilities and/or offsite; and, have a potential rate of dispersal sufficient to require a time-urgent response to implement protective actions for workers and the public. Of particular concern are hazardous materials that are highly dispersible (e.g., particles, powders, and gases) and have high acute toxicity (such as chlorine, for chemicals) or high radio-toxicity (such as plutonium, for radionuclides). (2) The process must address, but is not limited to, chemicals listed in any of the following regulations: 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals; 40 CFR 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions; 40 CFR 355, Emergency Planning and Notification; 40 CFR 302.4, Designation of Hazardous Substances. (3) The process must address, but is not limited to, chemicals that have an assigned Health Hazard rating of 3 or 4 based on NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of Hazardous Materials for Emergency Response. (4) The process may screen from further analysis hazardous materials used in the same form, quantity, and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public (e.g., bleach, paints, cleaning solvents, office supplies, motor oil, gasoline). A brief statement of the rationale must be provided, and the possible effect of the material as an initiator of releases of other hazardous materials must be considered (e.g., fires or explosions). (5) The process may screen from further analysis small quantities of hazardous materials that do not meet the criteria in paragraph 3.b(1), above, and are involved in one- person or small-group laboratory activities (e.g., in reactions and transfers). A brief statement of the rationale must be provided, and the possible effect of the material as an initiator of releases of other hazardous materials must be considered (e.g., fires or explosions). (6) The process may include development of material-specific threshold screening quantities based on conservative source terms and modeling assumptions, and the consequence criteria that defines the lower limit of the Alert Operational Emergency definition (see Attachment 1). (7) If the screening process identifies at least one hazardous material for further analyses, the Hazards Survey must indicate that a quantitative EPHA is needed for that facility/activity. (8) A description of the screening process and the results of its application to the hazardous material(s) in the facility/activity must be provided in the Hazards Survey supporting documentation. For facilities/activities requiring an EPHA, this documentation must be included in the documented EPHA. c. Each Hazards Survey must combine as many facilities as possible that are subject to the same types of hazards. For sites having facilities that require development of an EPHA, the remaining facilities may be covered by one Hazards Survey. 4. OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY BASE PROGRAM. The Operational Emergency Base Program for DOE or NNSA facility emergency management programs incorporates both external requirements for planning, preparing, and responding to the events and conditions identified in the Hazards Survey and specific internal DOE requirements. The Base Program ensures that all of these requirements are seamlessly integrated without duplication of emergency management effort. a. Existing plans (e.g., catastrophic earthquake plans or mass casualty plans), detailing compliance with Federal, State, Tribal, or local requirements, must be incorporated in facility/site emergency plans either directly or by reference. b. The Operational Emergency Base Program requirements may be facility-dependent and could vary significantly across the DOE or NNSA complex. To ensure that an equivalent level of basic emergency management program requirements is implemented in all facilities, a minimum set of selected requirements from external Base Program regulations has been identified. In addition, internal DOE-specific requirements are included to support the recognition that all DOE or NNSA facilities/sites are part of the complex-wide DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System. The Operational Emergency Base Program must, at a minimum, address the following combined external and internal requirements for all DOE or NNSA facilities: (1) Hazards Survey. (a) Hazards Surveys for all facilities were to have been completed by 9-30-97, under the requirements of DOE O 151.1A. If a Hazards Survey does not exist, or if a new facility is constructed, a new Hazards Survey must be prepared in accordance with paragraph 3 of this attachment. (b) Existing Hazards Surveys must be reviewed and updated every 3 years, or prior to a significant change in hazardous material inventory or facility function/operations. If such changes result in an increase in hazards, the Hazards Survey must be updated immediately. If, however, the changes reduce hazards with no adverse effect on safety or emergency preparedness and response, the modifications may be performed at the next scheduled review and update. (c) Modifications to Hazards Surveys must be prepared in accordance with paragraph 3 of this attachment. (2) Program Administration. (a) An individual must be designated to ensure the development and maintenance of the emergency plan and procedures, development of the annual ERAP, development and conduct of training and exercise programs, coordination of evaluation (assessment) activities, development of related documentation, and coordination of emergency resources. (b) An emergency plan must document the emergency management program and describe the provisions for response to an Operational Emergency. (c) Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures must describe how the emergency plan will be implemented. (d) An Emergency Operating Records Protection Program must be established to ensure availability of vital records, regardless of media, essential to the continued functioning or reconstitution of an organization during and after an emergency. (3) Training and Drills. (a) Initial training must be provided to all onsite workers who may be required to take protective actions (e.g., assembly, evacuation). This training is required upon initial employment. Refresher training and periodic drills must be provided when plans, procedures, systems/equipment, or their expected protective actions change. (b) Emergency-related information and training on facility and site-specific conditions and hazards must be made available to offsite emergency response personnel and organizations, including hospitals, that are expected to support onsite response efforts. (c) The training of all decision-makers authorized to promptly and accurately categorize and classify Operational Emergencies must be validated annually, employing hypothetical scenarios and available facility/site aids. (4) Exercises. (a) Each facility must conduct building evacuations consistent with Federal regulations, local ordinances, or National Fire Protection Association Standards. Evacuations must be conducted as often as needed, but not less than once per year, to ensure that employees are able to safely evacuate their work areas. (b) For each facility, the organization responsible for communications with DOE or NNSA Headquarters, operations/field offices, and/or offsite agencies must test communications systems annually (e.g., as part of the facility or site-level exercise) or as often as needed to ensure operability. (5) Readiness Assurance. (a) Emergency Readiness Assurance Plans. Each facility must submit an annual ERAP in accordance with paragraph 4.f. of the base Order. The ERAP must: summarize readiness assurance activities such as assessments and evaluations; compare actual achievements to goals; provide annual results of performance measure/metric programs; and highlight any significant changes in emergency management programs (e.g., planning bases, organizations, exemptions) from previous reports. (b) Self-Assessment. Facilities must conduct readiness assurance evaluations (i.e., program self-assessments) of emergency management programs annually, identify and track lessons-learned from training, drills, exercises, and actual responses, and develop and implement specific corrective actions in a timely manner. (c) Metrics. Each facility must capture, track, and report data regarding the status of emergency management programs and performance in key functional areas according to criteria promulgated by the Director of Emergency Operations. (d) Evaluations. 1 Each DOE or NNSA operations/field office and LPSO must periodically evaluate emergency management programs at each facility under its supervision. 2 A corrective action plan must be developed to address evaluation findings from external organizations, with closure validated by the evaluating organization. (6) Emergency Response Organization. (a) An individual must be assigned (e.g., building or facility/site manager or similar position) and trained to manage and control all aspects of the facility/site response. (b) A trained and qualified individual must be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to categorize an emergency event in accordance with paragraph 4.b(9) below. The authority of this individual must be unambiguous and clearly communicated throughout the organization. (7) Offsite Response Interfaces. Coordination must be maintained with State, Tribal, and local agencies and organizations responsible for offsite emergency response (e.g., "911" emergencies) and for protection of the health and safety of the public. (8) Emergency Facilities and Equipment. (a) Facilities and equipment must be adequate to support emergency response, including the capability to notify employees of an emergency and to facilitate their safe evacuation from work areas. (b) Requirements for emergency power systems that protect worker health and safety are specified in building design codes and Life Safety codes (e.g., NFPA 101). Other codes specify requirements for standby power systems, which allow facilities to continue operation during the loss of the normal power source(s). See also IEEE Standard 446-1995. (9) Emergency Categorization. (a) Facility- and site-specific criteria/means/indicators to recognize events or conditions as Operational Emergencies not involving onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials must be developed for the spectrum of emergency conditions identified in the Hazards Survey. (b) An event must be categorized as an Operational Emergency as promptly as possible, but no later than 15 minutes after event recognition. (10) Notification and Communications. (a) Each facility/site must establish procedures for prompt initial notification of workers, emergency response personnel, and response organizations, including DOE or NNSA elements and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations. Provisions must also be established for continuing effective communication among response organizations throughout an emergency. (b) The manager/administrator, or designee, of each DOE or NNSA contractor- operated facility/site must ensure that: 1 the DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters Operations Centers are notified as promptly as possible, but no more than 30 minutes after an event has been categorized as an Operational Emergency not involving the significant onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, and 2 other Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations are notified as promptly as possible, but no more than 30 minutes after an event has been categorized as an Operational Emergency not involving the significant onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, or at an interval established in mutual agreements. (11) Protective Actions and Reentry (a) Plans must be developed for the timely evacuation and/or sheltering of onsite personnel, along with provisions to account for employees after emergency evacuation has been completed; provisions must be in place to protect workers involved in response and cleanup. (b) In the event of a facility emergency evacuation, accountability actions must be continued to support ongoing search and rescue activities. (c) Reentry planning must include contingency planning to ensure the safety of reentry personnel, such as planning for the rescue of reentry teams. All individuals involved in reentry must receive a hazards/safety briefing prior to emergency response activities consistent with Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations. (12) Emergency Medical Support. Provision of medical treatment and planning for mass casualty situations must be in accordance with DOE O 440.1A, WORKER PROTECTION MANAGEMENT FOR DOE FEDERAL AND CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES. (13) Emergency Public Information. (a) The facility/site must provide accurate, candid, and timely information, consistent with requirements of the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act, to ensure the health and safety of workers and the public during all emergencies, so as to establish facts, avoid rumors and speculation, and be responsive to public concern and information needs. (b) Provisions must be in place for a facility/site information center to be established and to operate as the single source of information during an emergency. (14) Termination and Recovery. The termination of an Operational Emergency must be accomplished by meeting a predetermined set of criteria and coordinating the termination with offsite agencies. Recovery must include notifications associated with termination of an emergency and establishment of criteria for resumption of normal operations. EMERGENCY PLANNING HAZARDS ASSESSMENTS 1. PURPOSE. The purpose of this attachment is to describe the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment (EPHA) and its role in providing a technical planning basis for the emergency management program, specifically, the Operational Emergency Hazardous Material Program. The Hazards Survey, required for each facility or onsite activity (see Attachment 2), will indicate which DOE or NNSA facilities have sufficient quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive and other hazardous materials) to require that a quantitative EPHA be performed. The EPHA will determine the potential for producing an Operational Emergency due to the onsite release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials (i.e., those Operational Emergencies classified as an Alert, a Site Area Emergency, or a General Emergency, according to Attachment 1). If such a potential exists, the facility must develop and maintain an Operational Emergency Hazardous Materials Program that establishes additional, more detailed emergency management program requirements than those imposed by the Operational Emergency Base Program. If the Hazards Survey indicates that an EPHA is not required, the facility will be referred to as a Base Program facility and will be responsible for satisfying at least the minimum requirements of the Operational Emergency Base Program (see Attachment 2). Additional requirements may be imposed on Base Programs if the facility is part of a sitewide Hazardous Materials Program. 2. EMERGENCY PLANNING HAZARDS ASSESSMENT (EPHA). An EPHA must be performed for each facility or onsite activity involving at least one candidate hazardous material, as identified through the hazardous material screening process and indicated in the Hazards Survey. a. Hazardous Material Identification. (1) Inventories of candidate hazardous materials (radioactive and chemical) at a facility/activity are identified through a Hazards Survey hazardous material screening process (see Attachment 2, paragraph 3.b) (2) A quantitative analysis must be performed for each candidate hazardous material. If the analysis described below (paragraph 2.b) indicates that a hazardous material does not have the potential for producing at least an Alert Operational Emergency, it is also screened from further analysis in the EPHA. (3) Upon completion of the Hazards Survey hazardous materials screening process and based on the results of calculations performed for all the candidate hazardous materials as part of the EPHA process, it is expected that some facilities will have no identified hazards requiring further characterization and analysis. In this case, the screening methodology and results of the screening processes must be documented and included with the Hazards Survey documentation. At a minimum, the Operational Emergency Base Program for such a facility/activity must encompass the requirements for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response found in 29 CFR 1910.120 and the requirements specified in Attachment 2 of this Order. b. Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment Process. (1) The EPHA is a quantitative analysis of the potential release of (or loss of control over) candidate hazardous materials identified through the facility/activity Hazards Survey hazardous materials screening process. (2) The EPHA must consider a broad range of potential emergency events and conditions involving hazardous materials that could affect workers, the public, or the environment, including: accidents; natural phenomena (e.g., earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods); wildland fires; external events (e.g., airplane crashes; offsite accidents, such as hazardous material releases from transportation accidents; pipeline explosions; etc., that have the potential to cause onsite disruption of operations); and terrorism, sabotage, or other malevolent acts. A spectrum of potential events ranging from low-consequence, high-probability events to high-consequence, low-probability events, including those considered to be Beyond-Design-Basis, must be postulated and realistically analyzed. The spectrum of events and conditions analyzed must include those exclusively affecting onsite personnel, as well as those also affecting the offsite public. (3) Emergency events or conditions must not be excluded based solely on calculated occurrence probabilities or arbitrarily defined delimiters (e.g., credible or incredible, likely or unlikely). Catastrophic events may be candidates for exclusion based on other considerations such as a realistic expectation that the consequences of the event may effectively negate the planned initial phase of the response to the release of hazardous materials it causes; or that the event itself becomes the priority and total focus of initial response activities. (4) If the quantity of hazardous materials at risk from a potential emergency event or condition [the Material-at-Risk (MAR)] is limited by a physical or regulatory (maximum) capacity, that (maximum) capacity must be used for EPHA consequence calculations for planning associated with potential releases of hazardous materials. However, if the actual operational inventory is routinely known (within measurement accuracy) and is readily available (or can be made readily available) to operations personnel, administrative or procedural measures, such as tracking and control, may be used to define or limit the MAR. The maximum capacity allowable under those measures must be used to determine the consequences of potential releases. (5) The EPHA must address factors such as initiating events, contributing events, accident mechanisms, equipment or system failures, engineered safety system failures, emergency event or condition indicators, source terms, material release chemistry and characteristics, environmental transport and diffusion, exposure considerations, and health effects. Conservative consequence calculations must be performed for the purposes of event classification, protective action determinations, response decision- making, and special planning (e.g., collocated facilities, special offsite populations). (6) The calculated radiation dose from a release of radioactive material or the concentration in air from the release of other hazardous materials must be compared with Protective Action Criteria (see Attachment 1, paragraph 3) to determine the level of adverse health effects, emergency classifications, appropriate protective actions, and consequences associated with the spectrum of emergencies used to determine the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). (7) Information available from sources such as safety analysis reports, probabilistic risk assessments, vulnerability assessments, and other documents that address facility hazards or potential consequences may be used with caution because the assumptions and methodology applicable to their intended purposes may not be fully compatible with emergency management planning needs. (8) Activities involving the onsite movement of hazardous materials must be analyzed in the EPHA for the fixed facility(ies) with which the materials are associated or in a special EPHA covering all transportation of hazardous materials on the site. c. Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). (1) The facility EPHA must include a determination of the facility-specific Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) based on an objective analysis of the spectrum of emergencies reflected in the technical planning basis. No EPZ is required if an Alert is the most severe Operational Emergency identified in the facility EPHA. (2) The EPZ is the geographic area surrounding the facility/site for which special planning and preparedness activities must be undertaken to ensure that prompt and effective protective actions can be implemented to reduce/minimize the impact on onsite personnel and the general public in the event of an Operational Emergency involving the release of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials. (3) The EPZ must be of sufficient size that: (a) It would be unlikely that protective actions would be required beyond the EPZ for most analyzed events (i.e., consequences from most analyzed events, excluding the most extreme Beyond-Design-Basis event analyzed, are not likely to exceed protective action criteria outside the EPZ); (b) Measures taken within the EPZ would provide for substantial reduction in early lethality for all analyzed events (i.e., consequences from all analyzed events, including even the most extreme Beyond-Design-Basis event analyzed, would not exceed thresholds for early lethality outside the EPZ); and (c) Planning efforts within the EPZ provide a substantial base for expansion of response efforts beyond the EPZ, if necessary. (4) The maximum EPZ for any DOE or NNSA facility/site must not exceed 10 miles (16 kilometers). (5) If a number of facilities or onsite activities are close to one another, a composite EPZ for the group of facilities or the entire site may be defined to simplify communications and offsite interactions. d. Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment Documentation. The results of the EPHA process must be clearly and accurately documented as the technical planning basis for the facility emergency management program. (1) The EPHA document must include facility and site information, hazardous material inventory data sources and methods, hazardous materials screening process description and results, hazardous material properties and utilization characteristics, basic modeling and methodology assumptions, evaluation techniques, and the results of the analyses performed, to include the methods and quantitative results described in paragraphs 2.a., 2.b., and 2.c., above. (2) The EPHA document must either stand alone as the planning basis or incorporate by reference other documented analyses, descriptions, explanations, or justifications. If the latter format is used, the EPHA document must contain all final results necessary for directly meeting the emergency management program planning requirements, as would be presented in the stand-alone version. (3) If the results of a facility EPHA are included in a sitewide EPHA document, the same documentation of the facility EPHA must be either totally included (i.e., stand-alone) in the sitewide version or fully referenced; the options are similar to those described above. e. Maintenance of the Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment. The facility must establish and maintain a reliable, efficient, and timely method for tracking changes in facility operations or processes that involve hazardous materials (e.g., introduction of new materials, new uses, changes in inventories, modification of material environments). Methods for tracking changes in facility operations may include regular access to current sitewide inventory records, special notification procedures for operation or process changes, and/or active involvement of emergency management personnel in the facility/site Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS). The method must allow sufficient transition time for emergency management personnel to review EPHAs and modify plans or procedures, as necessary, to account for changes in the hazardous material situation. The method can be linked to the Unreviewed Safety Question process, which identifies changes in the safety basis of the facility. f. Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment Methodologies. DOE G 151.1-1, Volume 2, HAZARDS SURVEYS AND HAZARDS ASSESSMENTS, provides an acceptable methodology for performing an EPHA. With appropriate documentation and approval, equivalent approaches for meeting the Order requirements may be acceptable. RESPONSIBILITIES 1. DEPUTY SECRETARY. Serves as the joint DOE and NNSA senior emergency management policy official. 2. ADMINISTRATOR, NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION (NA-1). Provides administrative and logistical support to the Director, Office of Emergency Operations, for implementation of the DOE and NNSA Comprehensive Emergency Management System, maintenance of the Headquarters Operations Center (OC) and associated facilities, and sustainment and joint utilization by NNSA and DOE of radiological emergency response assets. 3. DIRECTOR OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS. a. Ensures the integrated DOE and NNSA Comprehensive Emergency Management System provides a comprehensive approach to emergency management, including planning, preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery. b. Issues all policy, requirements, and guidance for an integrated DOE and NNSA Comprehensive Emergency Management System. c. Serves as budget and staffing advocate for DOE and NNSA emergency management programs. d. Serves as Headquarters Emergency Manager for a Headquarters response to an emergency involving NNSA and/or DOE facilities, sites, programs, activities, and/or areas of interest, except those emergencies involving offsite transportation of radioactive materials under the cognizance of the Office of Environmental Management. e. Jointly coordinates and concurs on all emergency management activities, including international activities, NNSA and DOE commitments, and exercise and response activities. f. Ensures the coordinated development and maintenance of NNSA and DOE portions of Federal interagency and international emergency management plans and agreements. g. Establishes, charters, administers, and convenes the Standing Emergency Management Coordinating Committee (EMCC) and serves as Committee chair. h. Establishes, charters, administers, and convenes the Emergency Management Advisory Committee (EMAC) and serves as Committee chair. i. Manages, maintains, administers, and operates the 24-hour Headquarters OC. j. Develops and conducts Headquarters emergency response training and maintains a cadre of experts and capabilities to support a Headquarters-level response to an emergency involving NNSA and DOE facilities, sites, programs, activities, and/or areas of interest. k. Serves as the point of contact for NNSA's technical, analytical, and research expertise, which may assist the law enforcement community. l. Develops and publishes specific metrics/measures and specifies the frequency of data reports, in coordination with operations/field office managers and the LPSO, CSO, and PSO. m. Develop, establish, and maintained the System Check program. Facility/site involvement will be limited to responding when the system check is conducted. n. Develop, establish, and maintained the No-Notice Exercise program . Facility/site involvement will be limited to providing trusted agents and responding when the exercise is conducted. Criteria for this program will be developed and published by the Director of Emergency Operations, in coordination with operations/field office managers and the LPSO, CSO, and PSO. o. Establishes and maintains an integrated ERAP, coordinates readiness assurance activities, and provides an annual status report, by April 30, to the Secretary on DOE emergency readiness assurance. 4. ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. Serves as Headquarters Emergency Manager for a Headquarters response to an emergency involving offsite transportation of radioactive materials under the cognizance of the Office of Environmental Management. This responsibility may be delegated to an appropriate Deputy Assistant Secretary. 5. STANDING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (EMCC). a. Members include Deputy or Associate Deputy Assistant Secretaries, or equivalent level, from the following offices: NNSA Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; NNSA Defense Programs; Environmental Management; Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology; Fossil Energy; Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Science; and Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Deputy or Associate Deputy Assistant Secretaries or equivalent level from the following offices serve as ex officio members: Policy; Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance; Environment, Safety and Health; and Power Marketing Administrations. b. Identifies and resolves emergency management issues, or as necessary, refers issues to the Field Management Council for resolution. 6. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE (EMAC). a. Members include representatives appointed by Headquarters elements, LPSOs, CSOs, PSOs, and operations/field offices managers. b. Provides support to the Director, Office of Emergency Operations, in identifying and resolving Department-wide emergency management issues. 7. HEADQUARTERS EMERGENCY MANAGER. a. Leads the Headquarters Emergency Management Team (EMT). b. In coordination with the affected LPSO and/or CSO, activates the Headquarters EMT and implements the integrated concept of operations for the Headquarters response to an emergency. c. In coordination with the affected LPSO and/or CSO, determines when the Headquarters EMT should be deactivated and if a recovery team is needed. 8. LEAD PROGRAM SECRETARIAL OFFICER AND COGNIZANT SECRETARIAL OFFICERS. a. Ensure implementation of emergency management policy and requirements at sites/facilities/activities (including transportation activities) and operations/field offices under their programmatic control or operational cognizance; maintain programs and systems consistent with this policy and requirements. b. Ensure funding and resources are adequate for facilities and activities (including transportation emergency management activities) under their control or operational cognizance for the continuing and effective implementation of emergency management programs; ensure that emergency response assets and capabilities are appropriately maintained. c. For sites/facilities/activities under their control or operational cognizance, ensure the following. (1) Readiness assurance activities are performed and emergency preparedness activities, including emergency response exercises, are fully coordinated with the Director of Emergency Operations. (2) In coordination with the PSO, review and comment on ERAPs are submitted by the field using criteria developed by the Office of Emergency Operations. At a minimum, the LPSO/CSO/PSO must provide feedback on adequacy and completeness. (3) A system/program is established and maintained for 24-hour initial receipt and further dissemination of emergency notifications; a current listing of personnel designated to receive and disseminate notifications is maintained and routinely provided to the Headquarters OC. (4) Specialized technical representatives and subject matter experts are available when requested to serve on a Headquarters EMT. (5) Training and response proficiency is adequate in emergency management programs. (Note: LPSOs and CSOs are also responsible for satisfying requirements in paragraph 9, below, as appropriate). 9. PROGRAM SECRETARIAL OFFICERS a. Ensure emergency management policies and requirements are fully integrated into program activities under their control and fully coordinated with the LPSO and/or CSO, if appropriate; maintain programs and systems consistent with this policy and requirements. b. Coordinate with the LPSO and/or CSO, if appropriate, to ensure funding and resources are adequate for DOE or NNSA facilities and activities under their control for the continuing and effective implementation of emergency management programs, and that emergency response assets and capabilities are appropriately maintained. c. In coordination with the LPSO/CSO, review and comment on ERAPs submitted by the field using criteria developed by the Office of Emergency Operations. At a minimum, the LPSO/CSO/PSO must provide feedback on adequacy and completeness. d. Develop contractor performance measures and criteria in coordination with the LPSO and/or CSO; operations/field office; the Director, Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance; the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health; and the Director of Emergency Operations. e. Conduct line management reviews of program-specific emergency management activities in coordination with the Director of Emergency Operations. f. Assign: (1) Deputy Assistant Secretary or Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent- level individuals to serve on the Standing EMCC; (2) as needed, Deputy Assistant Secretary or Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary, or equivalent, to serve on the Headquarters EMT when the emergency involves their site/facility/activity; and (3) senior representatives for the EMAC. 10. POWER MARKETING SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS. a. Ensure implementation of emergency management policy and requirements at sites/facilities/activities under their programmatic control or operational cognizance; maintain programs and systems consistent with this policy and requirements. b. Ensure funding and resources are adequate for facilities and activities (including transportation emergency management activities) under their control or operational cognizance for the continuing and effective implementation of emergency management programs; ensure that emergency response assets and capabilities are appropriately maintained. c. For sites/facilities/activities under their control or operational cognizance, ensure the following. (1) Readiness assurance activities are performed and emergency preparedness activities, including emergency response exercises, are fully coordinated with the Director of Emergency Operations. (2) Review and comment on ERAPs are submitted by the field using criteria developed by the Office of Emergency Operations. At a minimum, provide feedback on adequacy and completeness. (3) A system/program is established and maintained for 24-hour initial receipt and further dissemination of emergency notifications; a current listing of personnel designated to receive and disseminate notifications is maintained and routinely provided to the Headquarters OC. (4) Specialized technical representatives and subject matter experts are available when requested to serve on a Headquarters EMT. (5) Training and response proficiency is adequate in emergency management programs. d. Develop contractor performance measures and criteria in coordination with the Director, Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance; the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health; and the Director of Emergency Operations. e. Conduct line management reviews of program-specific emergency management activities in coordination with the Director of Emergency Operations. f. Assign senior representatives to serve on the Standing EMCC and the EMAC. 11. OPERATIONS/FIELD OFFICE MANAGERS a. Establish and maintain an effective, integrated emergency management program. b. Implement emergency management policy and requirements, and ensure site/area offices and sites/facilities that report to the operations/field office maintain programs and systems consistent with this policy and requirements. c. Partner with the PSO; the Director, Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance; the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health; and Director of Emergency Operations to establish and maintain metrics, performance measures, and evaluation criteria to implement this Order for sites/facilities/activities under their cognizance, and to ensure that these metrics, performance measures, and criteria are incorporated into contractual arrangements. d. Coordinate with the LPSO, CSO, and/or PSO, as appropriate, to ensure resources are available to implement this Order for facilities and activities under their cognizance. e. Ensure that Hazards Surveys and Hazards Assessments for emergency planning purposes are adequately performed and documented. Approve and forward approved Hazards Surveys and Hazards Assessments to the LPSO, CSO, PSO, and Director of Emergency Operations, as appropriate. f. Approve and submit approved EPZ to the LPSO, CSO, PSO, the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health, and Director of Emergency Operations, as appropriate. g. Approve and submit approved facility/site/activity emergency plans to the LPSO, CSO, PSO, and Director of Emergency Operations, as appropriate. h. Ensure development of appropriate emergency plan implementing procedures for timely and accurate emergency categorization and classification; timely assessment of the consequences of releases of hazardous materials, including connectivity to the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (NARAC), if necessary; formulation of protective actions; and notification and reporting of emergency events for facilities under their cognizance. Establish pre-authorization criteria when possible. i. Ensure effective communication systems and protocols are established, coordinated, and maintained with the Headquarters OC, Watch Office, regarding emergencies or other significant incidents actually or potentially involving or affecting facilities, sites, programs, activities, areas of interest, or materials under DOE jurisdiction or requiring DOE assistance. j. Review and approve ERAPs that cover facilities under their supervision, prepare the operations/field office annual ERAP and submit it to the LPSO, CSO, and/or PSO; the Director, Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance; the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health); and Director of Emergency Operations, by November 30, for inclusion in the annual report to the Secretary on the status of the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System. k. Where applicable, pre-designate a DOE employee to serve as: (1) the On-Scene Coordinator when DOE is the lead agency for Federal responses under the NCP (40 CFR 300); (2) the On-Scene Commander when DOE is the Lead Federal Agency under the FRERP; and/or (3) the Senior Energy Official (SEO) in accordance with the FRERP. l. Conduct periodic assessments of site/facility emergency management programs and/or periodically review contractor self-assessment programs to ensure compliance with DOE directives and policy; provide the results/conclusions to the LPSO and/or CSO and Director of Emergency Operations. m. Establish and maintain an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) from which to respond to emergency events involving facilities and/or sites that report to the operations/field office. Every operations/field office EOC must be equipped with voice and digital communications, still and full-motion video, and e-mail capabilities and support compatible with that available in the Headquarters OC and/or as jointly specified by Director of Emergency Operations. n. Assign senior representatives to the EMAC. 12. MANAGERS OF GOVERNMENT OWNED, GOVERNMENT OPERATED FACILITIES a. Develop, implement, maintain, and update, as necessary, an emergency management program, commensurate with the facility-specific hazards and consistent with DOE directives and standards of performance. b. Prepare and maintain emergency plans, procedures, and technical resource capabilities that address emergency categorization and classification, notification, reporting, protective actions, response actions, training and drills, exercises, emergency public information, outreach and coordination, accident investigation, and applicable Federal statutes, State and local laws, DOE Orders, and implementing regulations and guidance. c. Prepare and submit to the cognizant operations/field office manager (through site/area office if appropriate) for approval, documentation to establish EPZs and emergency plans. d. Prepare and submit an ERAP to the cognizant operations/field office manager (through site/area office if appropriate) by September 30 each year. If a site ERAP is prepared, it is due to the operations/field office by September 30. The site may require facility ERAPs to be submitted prior to September 30 to ensure timely preparation of the site ERAP. e. Direct appropriate emergency response actions within the area under their control and at the scene of the emergency. f. Establish and maintain an internal assessment program to ensure the readiness of emergency response capabilities, including developing and conducting a self-assessment program, as well as establishing systems and measures to monitor and evaluate line performance.