@string{PPCNF74 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1974"}
@string{PPCNF78 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1978"}
@string{PPCNF80 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1980"}
@string{PPCNF82 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1982"}
@string{PPCNF84 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1984"}
@string{PPCNF86 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986"}
@string{PPCNF88 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1988"}
@string{PPCNF90 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1990"}
@string{PPCNF92 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1992"}
@string{PPCNF94 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1994"}
@string{PPCNF96 = "Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1996"}
@string{CFPP = "Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics"}
@string{LANL = "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}
@string{LLNL = "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}
@string{PPPL = "Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory"}
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@Article{Goldenbaum83,
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@Article{Goldenbaum86,
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@Article{Granatstein84,
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@Article{Guzdar85,
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@Article{Hagenson85,
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@Article{Hameiri87,
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@Article{Hammer82,
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        author="Takaya Hayashi and Tetsuya Sato",
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@Article{Heidbrink82,
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@Article{Horiuchi86,
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@Article{Horiuchi86a,
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@Article{Horiuchi92,
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@article{Jacobson84,
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@Article{Janos85b,
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@Article{Janos86,
        author="Alan C. Janos and Masaaki Yamada",
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@Article{Janos86b,
        author="A. Janos",
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@Article{Jarboe83,
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@Article{Jarboe84a,
        author="T. R. Jarboe and Cris W. Barnes and I. Henins and H. W. Hoida
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@Article{Jarboe85,
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@Article{Jarboe87,
	author="T. R. Jarboe and B. Alper",
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@Article{Jarboe90,
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		 I. Henins and G. J. Marklin",
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@Article{Jarboe94,
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}

@Article{Jarboe97,
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@Article{Jardin81c,
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@Article{Jardin82,
        author="S. C. Jardin",
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@Article{Jardin86,
        author="S. C. Jardin and A. Janos and M. Yamada",
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@Article{Jensen81,
        author="Torkil H. Jensen and Ming Sheng Chu",
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@Article{Jensen84,
        author="Torkil H. Jensen and Ming S. Chu",
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@Article{Jensen87,
	author="Torkil H. Jensen and Ming-Sheng Chu and John M. Greene",
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@Article{Johnson73,
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@Article{Kamitani87,
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		 by Boundary-Fitted Curvilinear Coordinate System ---
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@Article{Kaneko84,
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@Article{Kaneko85a,
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@Article{Kaneko85b,
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@Article{Kaneko85c,
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@Article{Kaneko86,
  author = 	"Shobu Kaneko and Atsushi Kamitani",
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@Article{Kaneko87,
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@Article{Kaneko88,
  author = 	"Shobu Kaneko and Hiroaki Tsutsui",
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@Article{Katayama86,
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@Article{Kato90,
  author = 	"Yushi Kato and Norio Satomi and Masahiro Nishikawa and
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@Article{Kato93,
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@Article{Katsurai82,
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@Article{Katsurai95,
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@Article{Kawai87,
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@Article{Kenny95,
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@Article{Knox86,
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                Minimum Energy State and Have Internal Kink Distortions",
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@Article{Koloc89,
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@Article{Kukushkin95,
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@Article{Levinton90,
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  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
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  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
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@InCollection{Browning91c,
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  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
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  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
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  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
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  pages = 	527,
  address = 	"Bologna, Italy",
  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
}

@InCollection{Hammer86,
  author = 	"J. H. Hammer",
  title = 	"Theoretical Aspects of Magnetic Helicity",
  booktitle = 	"Advances in Compact Torus Research",
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1986,
  pages = 	75,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"IAEA-TECDOC-369 (Proceedings of a Technical Committee
		 Meeting held in Sydney, Australia, 4--7 March 1985)"
}

@InCollection{Hartman89,
  author = 	"C. W. Hartman and W. L. Barr and J. L. Eddleman and M. Gee
		 and J. H. Hammer and S. K. Ho and B. G. Logan and D. J.
		 Meeker and A. A. Mirin and W. M. Nevins and L. J. Perkins
		 and D. E. Shumaker and A. W. Leonard and P. B. Parks and
		 H. {McL}ean and E. Morse and D. R. Solvin",
  title = 	"Acceleration of Compact Toroid Plasma Rings for Fusion
		 Applications",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF88,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1989,
  pages = 	547,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"Nice Conference", volume=3
}

@InCollection{Hartman91,
  author = 	"C. W. Hartman and J. L. Eddleman and J. H. Hammer and
		 B. G. Logan and H. S. {McL}ean and A. W. Molvik",
  title = 	"Acceleration of Compact Toruses and Fusion Applications",
  booktitle = 	"Physics of Alternative Magnetic Confinement Schemes",
  publisher = 	"Societ\`a Italiana de Fisica",
  year = 	1991,
  editor = 	"S. Ortolani and E. Sindoni",
  pages = 	545,
  address = 	"Bologna, Italy",
  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
}

@InCollection{Janos86c,
  author = 	"A. Janos and Ellis, Jr., R. and G. Hart and F. Levinton
		 and D. Meyerhofer and M. Mimura and S. Paul and von
		 Goeler, S. and M. Yamada and P. Young",
  title = 	"Recent Progress of {S-1} Experiments",
  booktitle = 	"Advances in Compact Torus Research",
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1986,
  pages = 	189,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"IAEA-TECDOC-369 (Proceedings of a Technical Committee
		 Meeting held in Sydney, Australia, 4--7 March 1985)"
}

@InCollection{Jarboe84b,
        author="T. R. Jarboe and C. W. Barnes and I. Henins and H. W. Hoida
                and S. O. Knox and R. K. Linford and G. J. Marklin and
                D. A. Platts and A. G. Sgro and A. R. Sherwood and
                B. L. Wright and A. A. Mirin and D. E. Shumaker",
        title="Spheromak Studies on {CTX}",
        booktitle=PPCNF84, publisher="IAEA", address="Vienna", year=1985,
        pages=501, note="London Conference", volume=2}

@InCollection{Jarboe87b,
	author="Thomas R. Jarboe and Cris W. Barnes and J. C. Fern\'andez
		and I. Henins and H. W. Hoida and S. O. Knox and 
		G. J. Marklin and B. L. Wright",
	title="Introduction to the Spheromak and the {CTX} Experiment",
	booktitle="Physics of Mirrors, Reversed Field Pinches and Compact
		Tori",
	publisher="International School of Plasma Physics", 
	address="Varenna, Italy",
	month=Sep, year=1987}

@InCollection{Kato89,
  author = 	"Y. Kato and M. Nishikawa and Y. Honda and N. Satomi and K.
		 Watanabe and S. Kaneko and A. Kamitani and Y. P. Wang",
  title = 	"Spheromak Confinement in Perfectly Closed Magnetic
		 Surfaces near the Entrance Hole of the Flux Conserver",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF88,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1989,
  pages = 	727,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"Nice Conference", volume=2
}

@InCollection{Morse91,
  author = 	"E. Morse",
  title = 	"First Results of {RF} Heating on the {B}erkeley {C}ompact
		 {T}orus {E}xperiment",
  booktitle = 	"Physics of Alternative Magnetic Confinement Schemes",
  publisher = 	"Societ\`a Italiana de Fisica",
  year = 	1991,
  editor = 	"S. Ortolani and E. Sindoni",
  pages = 	853,
  address = 	"Bologna, Italy",
  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
}

@InCollection{Nagata85,
        author="M. Nagata and Y. Honda and K. Ikegami and M. Nishikawa
                and A. Ozaki and N. Satomi and T. Uyama and K. Watanabe",
        title="Shear Stabilizing Experiment of Gun-Spheromak Plasma
                ({CTCC-I})",
        booktitle=PPCNF84, publisher="IAEA", address="Vienna", year=1985,
        pages=655, note="London Conference", volume=2}

@InCollection(Ono93b,
  author = 	"Y. Ono and others",
  title = 	"Merging of Two Spheromak and Its Application to Slow
		 Formation of a Field Reversed Configuration",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF92,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1993,
  pages = 	619, volume=2,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	{W\"urzburg Conference}
)

@InCollection{Satomi86,
  title = 	"Gun-Spheromak Experiment in the {CTCC-I}",
  author = 	"N. Satomi and Y. Honda and M. Nagata and M. Nishikawa and
		 A. Ozaki and T. Uyama and K. Watanabe",
  booktitle = 	"Advances in Compact Torus Research",
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1986,
  pages = 	203,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"IAEA-TECDOC-369 (Proceedings of a Technical Committee
		 Meeting held in Sydney, Australia, 4--7 March 1985)"
}

@InCollection{Satomi87,
	author="N. Satomi and S. Goto and Y. Honda and Y. Kato and
		M. Nagata and M. Nishikawa and A. Azaki and T. Takaishi
		and T. Uyama and K. Watanabe and T. Sato and T. Hayashi",
	title="Confinement Experiments and Simulation on the {CTCC-I}
		Spheromak",
	publisher="IAEA", year=1987, booktitle=PPCNF86, volume="II",
	pages=529, address="Vienna", note="Kyoto Conference"}

@InCollection{Siemon85,
        author="R. E. Siemon and W. T. Armstrong and R. E. Chrien and
        P. L. Klingner and R. K. Linford and K. F. McKenna and D. J. Rej
        and J. L. Schwarzmeier and A. Sgro and E. G. Sherwood and R. L. Spencer
        and M. Tuszewski and N. T. Gladd and D. S. Harned and D. Shumaker
        and C. E. Seyler",
        title="Theoretical Studies of Field-Reversed Configurations ({FRC}) 
                and Experimental Study of the {FRC} During Translation",
        publisher="IAEA", year=1985, booktitle=PPCNF84, address="Vienna",
        pages=511, note="London Conference", volume=2}

@InCollection{Sovinec91,
  author = 	"C. R. Sovinec and Peterkin, Jr., R. E. and N. F. Roderick",
  title = 	"An Overview of the Computer Simulations for the Compact
		 Toroid Program at the {W}eapons {L}aboratory",
  booktitle = 	"Physics of Alternative Magnetic Confinement Schemes",
  publisher = 	"Societ\`a Italiana de Fisica",
  year = 	1991,
  editor = 	"S. Ortolani and E. Sindoni",
  pages = 	975,
  address = 	"Bologna, Italy",
  note = 	"Proceedings of the Workshop held at Varenna, Italy,
		 October 1990"
}

@InCollection{Taylor76,
        author="J. B. Taylor",
        title="Relaxation of Toroidal Discharges",
        booktitle="Pulsed High Beta Plasmas",
        editor="D. E. Evans",
        pages=59, year=1976,
        publisher="Pergamon Press", address="New York"}

@InProceedings{Tuszewski83,
  author = 	"M. Tuszewski and W. T. Armstrong and Cris W. Barnes and
                D. C. Barnes and R. R. Bartsch and others",
  title = 	"Recent Results in the {L}os {A}lamos Compact Torus Program",
  booktitle = 	"Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Controlled
		 Fusion and Plasma Physics",
  year = 	1983,volume="7",series="Europhysics Conference Abstracts",
  pages = 	139,
  publisher = 	"EPS",
  address = 	"Petit-Lancy",
  note = 	"Part~I"
}

@InCollection{Uyama91,
  author = 	"T. Uyama and M. Nagato and Y Kato and M. Nishikawa and N.
		 Satomi and K. Watanabe and N. Amemiya and A. Hayakawa and
		 M. Katsurai and S. Kanedo and Y. P. Wang",
  title = 	"{I.} {E}quilibrium Properties and Approach to High
		 Magnetic Field in a Spheromak",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF90,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1991,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"(Washington Conference)"
}

@InCollection{Wright87,
	author="B. L. Wright and C. W. Barnes and J. C. Fernandez and
		I. Henins and H. W. Hoida and T. R. Jarboe and S. O. Knox
		and G. J. Marklin and R. M. Mayo and D. A. Platts",
	title="Helicity Conservation and Energy Confinement in {CTX}
		Spheromaks",
	publisher="IAEA", year=1987, booktitle=PPCNF86,
	volume="II", pages=519,
	address="Vienna", note="Kyoto Conference"}

@InCollection{Yamada82,
        author="M. Yamada and Ellis, Jr., R. and H. P. Furth and R. Hulse
                and A. Janos and S. C. Jardin and D. McNeill and C. Munson
                and M. Okabayashi and S. Paul and D. Post and J. Sinnis and
                C. Skinner and Y. C. Sun and F. Wysocki and C. Chin-Fatt
                and A. W. DeSilva and G. C. Goldenbaum and G. W. Hart and
                R. Hess and R. S. Shaw and C. W. Barnes and I. Henins and
                H. W. Hoida and T. R. Jarboe and S. O. Knox and R. K. Linford
                and J. Lipson and J. Marshall and D. A. Platts and A. R.
                Sherwood and B. L. Wright",
        title="Experimental Investigation of the Spheromak Configuration",
        booktitle=PPCNF82,
        publisher="IAEA", address="Vienna", year=1983, pages=265,
        note="Baltimore Conference", volume=2}

@InCollection{Yamada85a,
        author="M. Yamada and Ellis, Jr., R. and H. P. Furth and G. Hart
                and A. Janos and S. Jardin and F. Levinton and D. Meyerhofer
                and M. Mimura and C. H. Nam and S. Paul and A. Sperduti
                and S. von Goeler and F. Wysocki and P. Young",
        title="Initial Results from {S}-1 Spheromak",
        publisher="IAEA", year=1985, booktitle=PPCNF84, address="Vienna",
        pages=535, note="London Conference", volume=2}

@InCollection{Yamada86b,
  author = 	"M. Yamada",
  title = 	"Present Status of Spheromak Research and Future Reactor
		 Considerations",
  booktitle = 	"Advances in Compact Torus Research",
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1986,
  pages = 	175,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"IAEA-TECDOC-369 (Proceedings of a Technical Committee
		 Meeting held in Sydney, Australia, 4--7 March 1985)"
}

@InCollection{Yamada89,
  author = 	"M. Yamada and Ellis, Jr., R. A. and A. C. Janos and F. M.
		 Levinton and R. M. Mayo and R. W. Motley and M. Nagata and
		 Y. Ono and N. Satomi and Y. Ueda and T. R. Jarboe and Cris
		 W. Barnes and J. C. Fernandez and I. Henins and G. J.
		 Marklin and F. J. Wysocki",
  title = 	"Investigation of Confinement Properties of Spheromaks",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF88,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1989,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"Nice Conference",
  volume =      2,pages=539
}

@InCollection{Yamada91a,
  author = 	"M. Yamada and F. W. Perkins and Y. Ono and M. Katsurai",
  title = 	"Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Helicity on
		 Magnetic Reconnection",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF90,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1991,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"(Washington Conference)"
}

@InCollection{Yamada97a,
  author = 	"M. Yamada and others",
  title = 	"Comparative Study of Compact Toroid Plasmas Formed by
		 Induction and Reconnection",
  booktitle = 	PPCNF96,
  publisher = 	"IAEA",
  year = 	1997,
  address = 	"Vienna",
  note = 	"Montreal Conference"
}

@InProceedings{Browning91a,
  author = 	"P. K. Browning and R. Duck and R. Martin and M. G.
		 Rusbridge",
  title = 	"Magnetic Equilibria in Spheromaks and Low Aspect Ratio
		 Tokamaks",
  booktitle = 	CFPP,
  year = 	1991,
  pages = 	257,
  publisher = 	"European Physical Society",
  address = 	"Berlin",
  note = 	"Volume II (Berlin Conference)"
}

@InProceedings{Gibson91,
  author = 	"K. J. Gibson and S. J. Gee and G. Cunningham and M. G.
		 Rusbridge and P. G. Carolan",
  title = 	"Ion Energy Measurements in the {SPHEX} Spheromak",
  booktitle = 	CFPP,
  year = 	1991,
  pages = 	253,
  publisher = 	"European Physical Society",
  address = 	"Berlin",
  note = 	"Volume II (Berlin Conference)"
}

@InProceedings{Hammer84,
        author="J. H. Hammer",
        title="Reconnection in Spheromak Formation and Sustainment",
        booktitle="Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas",
        year=1984,
        editor="Hones, Jr., Edward W.",
        pages=319,
        publisher="American Geophysical Union",
        address="Washington, D.C.",
        note="Geophysical Monograph 30"}

@InProceedings{Hoida85,
        author="H. W. Hoida and Cris W. Barnes and I. Henins and T. R.
                Jarboe and G. Marklin and C. J. Buchenauer and
                S. O. Knox",
        title="Local Drift Parameter, $j/n_e$ and Resistivity Anomaly
                Measurements in {CTX} Spheromaks",
        booktitle=CFPP, year=1985, pages=643, 
        publisher="European Physical Society", address="Budapest",
        note="Volume 9F, Part 1 (Budapest Conference)"}

@InProceedings{Knox84,
        author="S. O. Knox and R. L. Spencer and J. A. Tataronis and M.
                Cray",
        title="Calculations for Shear {A}lfv\'en Wave Heating of Spheromak",
        booktitle="Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on
                Heating in Toroidal Plasmas",
        address="Rome", year=1984, month=Mar, pages=187, volume=1}

@InProceedings{Sykes91,
  author = 	"A. Sykes and Del Bosco, E. and R. Duck and M. Gryaznavich
		 and Smith, R. T. C. and B. J. Ward and Al-Karkhy, A. and
		 P. K. Browning and G. Cunningham and S. J. Gee and M. G.
		 Rusbridge",
  title = 	"Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamaks",
  booktitle = 	CFPP,
  year = 	1991,
  pages = 	89,
  publisher = 	"European Physical Society",
  address = 	"Berlin",
  note = 	"Volume I (Berlin Conference)"
}

@MastersThesis{Saoutic83,
  author = 	"Bernard Saoutic",
  title = 	"Gyroscopic Stabilization of a Spheromak Plasma Configuration",
  school = 	"University of Illinois",
  year = 	1983,
  address = 	"Champaign/Urbana, IL",
  note = 	"DOE/ET 52040-T14"}

@PhdThesis{Marklin82,
        author="George J. Marklin",
        title="{MHD} Stability of the Spheromak",
        school="University of Maryland", year=1982, month=Dec,
        note="Physics Publication Number 83-104"}

@PhdThesis{Mayo89,
  author = 	"Robert Michael Mayo",
  title = 	"Spactroscopic Investigation on Confinement Properties of
		 Spheromak",
  school = 	"Purdue University",
  year = 	1989,
  month = 	May
}

@PhdThesis{Meyerhofer87,
	author="David Dietrich Meyerhofer",
	title="Relaxation and Particle Diffusion in the {P}roto {S-1C}
		Spheromak",
	school="Princeton University", year=1987, month=Jan}

@PhdThesis{Munson83,
        author="Carter P. Munson",
        title="Experimental Identification and Control of Spheromak Tilting
                Instabilities",
        school="Princeton University", year=1983, month=Oct}

@PhdThesis{Olson83b,
        author="Richard Edward Olson",
        title="Computational Studies of Ohmic Heating in the Spheromak",
        school="University of Illinois",
        year=1983, note="C00-2218-267"}

@PhdThesis{Shumlak92,
  author = 	"Uri Shumlak",
  title = 	"{MHD} Tilt Instability of Dynamic Spheromaks",
  school = 	"University of California, Berkeley",
  year = 	1992,
  note = 	"GAX93-30730"
}

@PhdThesis{Thomas94,
  author = 	"John C. Thomas",
  title = 	"Interaction of an Accelerated Spheromak-like Compact
		 Toroid Plasma with an Uniform Sharp Boundary, Vacuum
		 Magnetic Field",
  school = 	"University of California, Davis",
  address= "Shields Library, Special Collection",
 year = 	1994,
  month = 	Jun
}

@PhdThesis{Wysocki86,
        author="Frederick Joseph Wysocki",
        title="Experimental Investigation of Line Tying Effects on the
                Spheromak Tilt Mode",
        school="Princeton University", year=1986, month=Jan}

@TechReport{Cohen97,
  author = 	"R. H. Cohen and E. B. Hooper and L. L. {LoD}estro and
		 N. Mattor and L. D. Pearlstein and D. D. Ryutov",
  title = 	"Theoretical Issues in Spheromak Research",
  institution = 	LLNL,
  year = 	1997,
  number = 	"UCRL-ID-127002",
  month = 	Apr
}

@TechReport{Gribble85,
  author = 	"Rita Gribble and T. R. Jarboe and H. W. Hoida and J.
		 Lipson and E. W. Newman",
  title = 	"Multipoint {T}homson Scattering System and Measurements on
		 the {L}os {A}lamos Spheromak Compact Toroid Experiment",
  institution = 	LANL,
  year = 	1985,
  number = 	"LA-10528-MS",
  month = 	Sep}

@TechReport{Horiuchi91,
  author = 	"R. Horiuchi and M. Uchida and T. Sato",
  title = 	"Simulation Study of Stepwise Relaxation in a Spheromak
		 Plasma",
  institution = 	"National Institute for Fusion Science",
  year = 	1991,
  number = 	"NIFS-111",
  address = 	"Nagoya, Japan",
  month = 	Oct
}

@TechReport{Krakowski85,
        author="R. A. Krakowski and R. L. Hagenson",
        title="Steady-State Spheromak Reactor Studies",
        institution=LANL, year=1985, number="LA-UR-85-513(Rev.)"}

@TechReport{Mattor95,
  author = 	"Nathan Mattor",
  title = 	"Scaling of Magnetic Turbulence with {L}undquist Number in
		 Relaxed State Devices",
  institution = 	LLNL,
  year = 	1995,
  number = 	"UCRL-JC-122153",
  month = 	Sep,
  note = 	"(submitted to Physics of Plasmas)"
}

@TechReport{Tuszewski81,
        author="Michel Tuszewski",
        title="Preliminary Langmuir Probe Results on the {CTX}
                Gun Experiment",
        institution=LANL, address="Los Alamos, NM  87545",
        month=Dec, year=1981, number="LA-9120-MS"}

@TechReport{Yamada88b,
  author = 	"M. Yamada and A. C. Janos and Ellis, Jr., R. A. and G. W.
		 Hart and F. M. Levinton and R. M. Mayo and D. D.
		 Meyerhofer and M. Mimura and R. W. Motley and Y. Ono and
		 S. Paul and Y. Ueda",
  title = 	"Investigation of spheromak configuration generated by
		 inductive methods in the {S-1} device",
  institution = 	PPPL,
  year = 	1988,
  number = 	"PPPL-2537",
  month = 	Aug
}