Quals

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ARCHEOLOGY

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Archeology is the study of past human lifeways through the systematic observation, analysis, and protection of the material remains of human activities.

Standard for Archeologist

(A) Prehistoric:

The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Prehistoric Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in Prehistoric Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field (see Academic Background for Archeology), PLUS a minimum of two and one-half (2 1/2) years of full-time professional experience in applying the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of prehistoric archeological properties in the United States and its Territories (at least six months of experience must have been acquired in the performance of field and analytical activities under the supervision of a professional prehistoric archeologist, and one year of experience in the study of the archeological resources of the prehistoric period must have been at a supervisory level); AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Archeologists).

(B) Historical:

The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Historical Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in Historical Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field (see Academic Background for Archeology), PLUS a minimum of two and one-half (2 1/2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic archeological properties in the United States and its Territories (at least six months of experience must have been acquired in the performance of field and analytical activities under the supervision of a professional Historical Archeologist, and one year of experience in the study of the archeological resources of the historic period must have been at a supervisory level); AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Archeologists).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR 61, a person meeting this Standard (either Prehistoric or Historic Archeology) is required as part of the core staff for each State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board. Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified Local Government Commissions.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR ARCHEOLOGIST

Closely related fields: Anthropology, with a specialization in Archeology, is the typical degree discipline for archeologists practicing in the United States. One of the usual requirements for receiving the degree is completion of an archeological field school in which the student learns about techniques of survey, excavation, and laboratory processing. However, degree programs have also been established in Archeology, Cultural Resources Management, Historical Archeology, and Public Archeology. Some Historical Archeology programs are housed in History, Public History, or American Studies Departments. For these degrees, a list of courses taken should be reviewed to determine if the program is equivalent to that typically provided for a degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Archeology, including course work in archeological methods and theory, archeology of a geographic region (e.g., North America), and the field school.

Discipline specializations: The most prevalent specializations in Archeology include Historical Archeology or Prehistoric Archeology, i.e., the specialization in resources of either the prehistoric period or the historic period. These specializations necessarily require expertise in different types of sites and different sources of information about past human activities. For example, a prehistoric archeologist usually requires a knowledge of environmental sciences, while a historical archeologist needs to understand the techniques of archival research. Additional specialized training and experience is also required for those specializing in, for example, underwater archeology, physical anthropology (human bones and burials), forensic archeology, or zooarcheology (non-human bones). In addition, archeologists typically specialize in the archeological resources of a particular time period, geographic region, resource type, or research subject.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR ARCHEOLOGIST

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional archeologist typically has experience in field survey, site testing, site excavation, artifact identification and analysis, documents research, and report preparation. Supervised field experience as a graduate student may be counted as part of the overall 2 1/2 year professional experience requirement.

A Prehistoric Archeologist meeting this Standard would document one year of supervisory experience in the study of prehistoric archeological sites; a Historical Archeologist would document one year of supervisory experience in the study of sites of the historic period.

The two archeologist specializations of Prehistoric Archeology and Historic Archeology are not interchangeable. Documentation to show that someone qualifies in both Prehistoric and Historic Archeology should include a minimum of one additional year of supervisory experience on resources of the other specialty, for a total of 3 1/2 years of experience, with products and activities in both specializations.

Products and activities: Professional experience and expertise must be documented through "products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation." Products and activities that meet the appropriate Secretary Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:

Survey and excavation reports of cultural resource management or Section 106 (or other compliance) projects. These reports are typically called "grey literature;" they often have multiple authors and are usually produced in limited quantities by consulting firms.
National Register documentation resulting in property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Materials such as presentations, booklets, brochures, lesson plans, or videos that interpret the results of archeological investigation for the general public
Publications including articles in professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the preservation of historic or archeological properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences related to the preservation of historic or archeological properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the preservation of historic or archeological properties.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that specialization.

ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Architectural History is the study of the development of building practices through written records and design and the examination of structures, sites, and objects in order to determine their relationship to preceding, contemporary, and subsequent architecture and events.

Standard for Architectural Historian

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Architectural History or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for Architectural History), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Architectural History that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Applying the Standard for Architectural Historians); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Architectural History or a closely related field of study (seeAcademic Background for Architectural History), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Architectural History that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Applying the Standard for Architectural Historians).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61, a person meeting this Standard is required as part of the core staff for each State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board. Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified Local Government Commissions.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN

Closely related fields: Professional Architectural Historians typically receive their formal training through Architectural History, Art History, or Historic Preservation programs, which include course work in American Architectural History. Other fields of study may offer relevant training, provided that course work in American Architectural History is taken. These other fields may include American Studies, American Civilization, Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning, American History, Historic Preservation, and Public History.

Discipline specializations: Architectural Historians tend to be generalists, although specializations within Architectural History are typically based on time periods (such as 18th century), on a particular architectural style (such as Georgian or vernacular), or a combination of these (such as plantation architecture in the antebellum South).

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN

Documenting Professional Experience

Products and activities: Professional experience and expertise must be documented through �products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation.� A professional Architectural Historian typically has expertise in research, survey, documentation, and evaluation of architectural resources, including buildings, structures, objects, and districts. Documentation of such experience is desirable. Products and activities that meet the appropriate Secretary�s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:

Survey reports assessing the significance of historic properties.
Historic structure reports.
National Register documentation resulting in property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the preservation of historic structures.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences related to the preservation of historic structures.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the preservation of historic structures.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

CONSERVATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Conservation is the practice of prolonging the physical and aesthetic life of prehistoric and historic material culture through documentation, preventive care, treatment, and research.

Standard for Conservator

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Conservation or a graduate degree in a closely related field of study with a certificate in Conservation (see Academic Background for Conservation), PLUS a minimum of three (3) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Conservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, or treatment of objects associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Conservators); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Art History, or Natural or Physical Science, or another closely related field to Conservation (see Academic Background for Conservation), with an additional (3) years of full-time enrollment in an apprenticeship program equivalent to graduate studies in Conservation and supervised by a professional Conservator, PLUS a minimum of three (3) years full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Conservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation or treatment of objects associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Conservators).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR CONSERVATOR

Closely related fields: Since Conservators tend to specialize in a particular class of objects, closely related fields will be diverse, and could include Art, Art Conservation, Art History, Architecture, Historic Preservation, Museum Studies, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering (or a related scientific field), Archeology, Anthropology, or other fields related to the conservation specialization. If a closely related field is being claimed, the degree in the closely related field should be accompanied by a certificate in Conservation, or the completion of course work equivalent to that typically offered in graduate Conservation programs. This course work should include examination, documentation, and treatment of objects; history and technology of objects; and conservation science. In addition, such a program should include the completion of a two-semester internship.

Discipline specializations: Professional conservators specialize in the treatment and maintenance of a specific class of objects or materials, such as archeological artifacts, architectural elements or fragments, or collections, books, ceramics, glass, decorative arts, ethnographic objects, furniture, metals, paintings, paper, photographs, sculpture, and textiles. Some conservators have studied more than one specialty, and have accumulated experience which allows them to practice in several of these specialties (although they are often closely related, such as books, drawings, prints or paper; decorative arts and furniture; sculpture and archeological artifacts). In these cases, the time period that distinguishes the materials is often the specialty. Each of these specialties requires focused training and experience, since each represents unique problems which are not always necessarily shared with other materials or time periods. Hence, a professional conservator should be able to perform according to professional standards of practice within the claimed area of specialty and should be both capable and willing to recognize his or her limitations. The professional conservator, moreover, should be generally knowledgeable about the issues of other specialties and the benefit of effective communication among the specialties. A broad understanding of the general principles of the conservation discipline is paramount as well, particularly in the area of technological and philosophical concerns that govern the ethics of the profession.

A note on Conservation education: Many professional Conservators received their training by serving apprenticeships with professional Conservators. For some time, however, graduate conservation programs have been established in academic institutions; these require an internship in recognition of the critical importance of hands-on training and experience in preparing students for professional practice.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR CONSERVATOR

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional Conservator typically possesses specialized technical skills and has experience in the examination, analysis, documentation, treatment, and preventive care of a specific class, or classes, of objects.

A portfolio of current and past conservation work, including written and photographic documentation.
Reports of examination, condition, or treatment of objects.
Publications, which might include articles in professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the care and treatment of objects.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, workshops or other educational venues related to the care and treatment of objects.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the conservation of objects.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Cultural anthropology is the description and analysis of cultural systems, which include systems of behaviors (economic, religious, social), values, ideologies, and social arrangements.

Standard for Cultural Anthropologist

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology, or a closely related field (see Academic Background for Cultural Anthropology), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience (including at least six months of field work supervised by a professional Cultural Anthropologist) applying the theories, methods, and practices of Cultural Anthropology that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related field (see Academic Background for Cultural Anthropology), with a specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology, PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience (including at least twelve months of field work supervised by a professional Cultural Anthropologist) applying the theories, methods, and practices of Cultural Anthropology that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (See Documenting Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGIST

Closely related fields: A degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology is the typical degree discipline for Cultural Anthropologists practicing in the United States. Closely related fields of study may include Sociology, Cultural Geography, Folklife, History, and American Studies.

Discipline specializations: Specializations in this discipline include Applied Cultural Anthropology, and Social Anthropology (which may be considered the most closely related to Cultural Anthropology; some academic programs even combine them, referring to Sociocultural Anthropology). Departments of Anthropology typically provide training in Archeology, Physical Anthropology, Ethnography, and Sociocultural Anthropology, and they may offer Applied Anthropology concentrations in one or more of these fields. Professional Cultural Anthropologists tend to specialize geographically (such as in the Southwest United States, Micronesia or New England) or topically (such as Medical Anthropology or Urban Anthropology), or in working with particular cultural or linguistic groups (such as fishermen, Irish immigrants, or Northwest Coast Indians).

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGIST

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional Cultural Anthropologist typically has experience in the use of ethnohistoric and ethnographic techniques, including participant observation field work among one or more contemporary ethnic groups. The typical Cultural Anthropologist would also have performed field survey to identify and assess ethnographic resources, which can include, in addition to historic and cultural places of value, environmental features and places that have symbolic and other cultural value for Native American and/or other ethnic communities. A Cultural Anthropologist engaged in substantial ethnographic field work should demonstrate professional experience in the relevant geographic area and/or among the New World peoples, immigrant, ethnic, or minority communities with whom they will work.

Ethnographic field studies and survey reports, oral histories, or social impact assessments.
National Register documentation of ethnographic resources or traditional cultural properties resulting in property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological resources, and/or traditional cultural properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops or exhibits related to the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological resources, and/or traditional cultural properties.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological resources.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

CURATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Curation is the practice of documenting, managing, preserving, and interpreting museum collections according to professional museum and archival practices.

Standard for Curator

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for Curation), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Curation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, preventive care, or interpretation of collections associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Curators); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for Curation), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Curation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, preventive care, or interpretation of collections associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Curator).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR CURATOR

Closely related fields: A degree program called Museum Studies in one academic institution might be called Museum Science or Museology in another institution. Since Curators often specialize in particular disciplines, those fields of study would be relevant provided that theoretical as well as hands-on training was also obtained in museum methods and techniques, including collections care and management. Examples of relevant fields could include American Studies, Anthropology, Archeology, Art History, Archival or Library Science, History, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, Geology, Zoology, and other similar fields of study, depending upon the nature of the collections to be curated.

Discipline specializations: Professional Curators tend to be specialists in a particular academic discipline relevant to the collections held by their institution or museum, which could include, for example, 19th-century Hudson Valley School paintings, Southwest Pueblo pottery, Civil War military uniforms, site-specific archeological materials, or natural history specimens.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR CURATOR

Documenting professional experience: A professional Curator typically has experience in managing and preserving a collection according to professional museum and archival practices. Cultural training should involve experience with the chemical and physical properties of material culture, as well as practical and legal aspects of health and safety, an understanding of climate control systems, security, and conservation methods. The Curator is directly responsible for the care and academic interpretation of all objects, materials, and specimens belonging to or lent to the museum; recommendations for acquisition, de-accession, attribution and authentication; and research on the collections and the publication of the results of that research. The Curator also may have administrative and/or exhibition responsibilities.

Products and activities.

Professional experience and expertise must be documented through �products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation.� Products and activities that meet the appropriate Secretary�s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:

Exhibit catalogs and other scholarly reports.
Field or laboratory work that demonstrates ability to conserve, document, or interpret archeological, archival, or material culture objects or collections.
Plans or finding aids for the preservation or documentation of museum collections.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material culture objects or collections.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material cultural objects or collections.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material culture objects or collections.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

ENGINEERING

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Engineering is the practice of applying scientific principles to the research, planning, design, and management of structures and machines such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, docks, locomotives, and buildings, including their structural, electrical, or mechanical systems. Historic Engineering involves specialized training in engineering principles, theories, concepts, methods, and technologies of the past, and appropriate methods of interpreting and preserving historic engineered structures or machinery.

Standard for Engineering

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a State Government-recognized license to practice civil or structural engineering, PLUS, a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of engineering that enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Engineers); OR...

(b) A Masters of Civil Engineering degree with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation, for historic structures rehabilitation, PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Engineering that enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Engineers); OR...

(c) A Bachelors of Civil Engineering degree with at least one year of graduate study in History of Technology, Historic Preservation, Engineering History, or a closely related field (see Academic Background for Engineers), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods and practices of Engineering that enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Engineers).

(Note: only persons who are licensed to practice Engineering in that State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and certify that the work is complete. However, State staff, State Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Engineer under (b) or (c) above, can review proposed and completed work for compliance with the applicable Secretary�s Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, or other related programs.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR ENGINEERING

Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree is a five-year degree that is unlikely to include historic preservation course work. The same is true of a Masters of Civil Engineering degree. An Engineer with an Engineering degree is well grounded in all aspects of engineering practice, including design, planning, construction specifications, and contract administration. Although this background is essential, additional training is needed in order to understand and work with historic structures, sites, and machines, with their complex material evolution and treatment problems. Specialized training, to supplement that provided by the professional Engineering program, should be acquired in such areas as American Architectural and Engineering History, History of Technology, Architectural Preservation, Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building Materials, Historical Archeology, and Historic Preservation.

Discipline specialization: Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Structural Engineering are typical specializations within the broader discipline of Engineering. The two specializations most often used in historic preservation projects are Civil and Structural Engineering. Occasionally, there may be the need for a Mechanical Engineer to address issues concerning historic machinery such as locomotives, steam engines, water turbines, electric generators, and similar machines and equipment, or particularly complex mechanical systems in a historic structure.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR ENGINEERING

Documenting Professional Experience: To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Engineer, an individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill education, training, and experience requirements. In addition, a professional Historical Engineer has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill associated with preserving historic structures and machines, and with the application of Engineering theories, methods, and practices that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Engineer typically has gained experience on structural preservation projects, which have included research and detailed investigations of historic structures or mechanical artifacts and preparation of recommendations for the treatment of such properties in order to preserve them in accordance with the appropriate Secretary�s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation (particularly the Secretary�s St dards for the Treatment of Historic Properties).

Plans and Specifications for the preservation, rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures, such as bridges, dams, canal locks, and for the structural rehabilitation or seismic stabilization of buildings.
Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make recommendations for preserving or structurally stabilizing historic structures, including bridges.
Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of historic structures or machines.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording historic structures or machines.
Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior�s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of work on historic structures, sites or machines
Awards for historic structure preservation, rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national, or international professional organizations.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures or machines.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the preservation of historic structures or machines.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the preservation of historic structures or machines.

FOLKLORE

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Folklore is the study and documentation of traditional, expressive culture shared within various ethnic, familial, occupational, religious, and regional groups.

Standard for Folklorist

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Folklore, Folklife Studies, Anthropology or a closely related field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore), with a specialization in Folklore or Folklife Studies, PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Folklorists); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation. (see Documenting Professional Experience for Folklorists).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR FOLKLORIST

Closely related fields: Typically, a professional Folklorist has a graduate degree in Folklore or Folklife Studies, or from highly specialized study within other disciplines such as Anthropology, English, Linguistics, or Sociology, provided that such study included training in theory, research and fieldwork techniques, and in the diverse categories of expressive culture .

Discipline specializations: A graduate degree in Anthropology may be combined with a specialization in Folklore and Folklife Studies. Other specializations may include: English, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnohistory, Ethnobotany, Ethnozoology, Ethnoarcheology, Cultural Geography, Sociology, and Oral History.

A professional Folklore specialist, or Folklorist, may specialize in any of the categories of traditional expressive culture, such as music (ethnomusicology), spoken word traditions, material culture, customs, or religious and belief systems; or specialization may focus on the study of a particular contemporary group (such as the Pennsylvania Amish) or region of the United States (such as Appalachia).

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR FOLKLORIST

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional Folklorist typically demonstrates professional knowledge and skills in established methods and techniques of folklore and folklife research in the collection, evaluation, documentation, analysis, and/or presentation of grassroots and traditional cultural expression, including folk music, spoken word, dance, craftsmanship and artistic traditions, folkways, customs, belief systems, traditional foodways, and regional and/or occupational groups and communities. Experience would typically include fieldwork, with on-site interviews, observation, and documentation of contemporary human cultural activities.

Field studies and survey reports, oral histories, or assessments of the significance of historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals; monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to assessing the significance of historic or traditional cultural properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, exhibitions, or other educational venues related to analyzing cultural traditions in evaluating the significance of historic or traditional cultural properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with documenting and analyzing cultural traditions.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Historic Architecture is the practice of applying artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design, and management of the built environment with specialized training in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving historic buildings and structures.

Standard for Historical Architect

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a State Government-recognized license to practice Architecture, PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historical Architects); OR...

(b) A Masters of Architecture degree with demonstrable course work in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History, Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely related field (see Academic Background for Historic Architecture), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historical Architects); OR...

(c) A Bachelors of Architecture degree with at least one year of graduate study in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History, Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely related field (see Academic Experience for Historic Architecture), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods and practices of Historic Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historical Architects).

(Note: only persons who are licensed to practice Architecture in that State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and certify that the work is completed. However, State staff, State Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Historical Architect under (b) or (c) above, can review proposed and completed work for compliance with the applicable Secretary�s Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, or other related programs.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR HISTORIC ARCHITECT

Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Architecture degree is a five-year degree that does not always include historic preservation course work. The same may be true of a Masters of Architecture degree. An Historical Architect is first an Architect and, as such, is well grounded in all aspects of architectural practice, including architectural design, planning, construction specifications, and contract administration. Although this background is essential, additional training is needed in order to understand and work with historic structures, with their complex material evolution and treatment problems. Specialized training, to supplement that provided by the professional Architecture program, should be acquired in such areas as American Architectural History, Architectural Preservation, Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building Materials, and Historic Preservation.

Discipline specialization: Historic Architecture is a specialization within the broader discipline of Architecture

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR HISTORIC ARCHITECT

Documenting Professional Experience: To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Architect, an individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill education, training, and experience requirements. In addition, a professional Historical Architect has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill associated with preserving historic structures, and with the application of Architecture theories, methods, and practices that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Architect typically has gained experience on structural preservation projects, which have included research and detailed investigations of historic structures and preparation of recommendations for the treatment of properties in order to preserve them in accordance with the appropriate Secretary�s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation (particularly the Secretary�s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties).

Plans and Specifications for the preservation, rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures.
Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make recommendations for preserving historic structures.
Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of historic structures.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording historic structures.
Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior�s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of work on historic structures.
Awards for historic structure preservation, rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national, or international professional organizations.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the preservation of historic structures.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with the preservation of historic structures.

HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Historic Landscape Architecture is the practice of applying artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design, and management of both natural and built environments with specialized training in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving cultural landscapes.

Standard for Historical Landscape Architect

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a State Government-recognized license to practice Landscape Architecture, PLUS a minimum of two (2) years full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Landscape Architects); OR...

(b) A Masters degree in Landscape Architecture with demonstrable course work in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving cultural landscapes, PLUS a minimum or two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Landscape Architects); OR...

(c) A four-year or five-year Bachelors degree in Landscape Architecture, PLUS a minimum of three (3) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Landscape Architects).

(Note: only persons who are licensed to practice Landscape Architecture in that State may prepare and seal plans and specifications for construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and certify that the work is completed. However, State staff, State Review Board members, and CLG staff or commission members who are not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Historical Landscape Architect under (b) or (c) above, can review proposed and completed work for compliance with the applicable Secretary�s Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, or other related programs.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

Closely related fields: Landscape Architecture is the typical professional Bachelors degree, which is awarded after successful completion of a four-year or five-year undergraduate program. However, the Bachelors or Masters in Landscape Architecture may not always include historic preservation course work. While the standard Landscape Architecture degree program addresses all general aspects of landscape architectural practice (including design, planning, construction specifications, and professional practice), additional training is needed for Historical Landscape Architects. They may need training in landscape research, documentation, analysis, evaluation, and treatment techniques. This additional training is achieved through additional course work and/or professional experience.

Graduate study: The Masters in Landscape Architecture degree is the typical graduate degree, which is awarded after successful completion of a two-year or three-year graduate program. This degree should include studies in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving cultural landscapes. Course work may include cultural geography; landscape history; archival research techniques; historic preservation theory, principles, and practice; and preservation technologies.

Discipline specialization: Historic Landscape Architecture is a specialization within the broader field of Landscape Architecture. Historical Landscape Architects should have completed training in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving cultural landscapes. Cultural landscape preservation focuses on preserving a landscape�s physical attributes, biotic systems, and use (especially when that use contributes to its historical significance). Graduate study and/or professional experience provides the specialized training needed by the Historical Landscape Architect.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

Documenting Professional Experience: To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Landscape Architect, an individual typically must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill education, training, and experience requirements. In addition, an Historical Landscape Architect must have two years of experience in the application of Landscape Architecture theories, methods, and practices to the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Landscape Architect has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill associated with the preservation of cultural landscapes in accordance with the Secretary�s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation. Cultural landscapes include historic sites, historic designed landscapes, historic vernacular landscapes, and ethnographic landscapes.

Surveys and inventories of cultural landscapes.
Documentation of cultural landscapes that meets the Secretary�s Standards for Documentation.
National Register nominations or Determinations of Eligibility for cultural landscapes.
Cultural Landscape treatment and maintenance plans.
Cultural Landscape Reports.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books about cultural landscape preservation.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about cultural landscape preservation.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with cultural landscape preservation.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts associated with cultural landscape preservation.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLANNING

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Historic Preservation Planning, a specialization within Planning, is the practice of identifying and carrying out particular goals and strategies to protect historic and archeological resources at the local, regional, State, or national level.

Standard for Historic Preservation Planner

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a State Government-recognized certification or license in Land-use Planning, PLUS , minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); OR...

(b) A graduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation, or a graduate degree in a closely related field of study with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation (see Academic Background for Historic Preservation Planning), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); OR...

(c) An undergraduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation or an undergraduate degree in a closely related field of study with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation (see Academic Background for Historic Preservation Planning), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLANNER

Closely related fields: Professional Historic Preservation Planners typically receive their education through academic Planning programs, although increasingly Historic Preservation programs are offering Historic Preservation Planning as a concentration in which degrees are awarded. Other fields that may be closely related, provided that training relevant to Historic Preservation Planning is obtained, include Historical or Cultural Geography, Architecture, Urban Design, and Historic Preservation.

Discipline specializations: Historic Preservation Planning is a specialization within the broader discipline of Planning. Other specializations include Urban, City, Town, or Community Planning; Regional Planning; Land Use Planning; Environmental Planning; Recreation Planning; Transportation Planning; and Housing Planning.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLANNER

Documenting Professional Experience: In order to receive a license or be registered or certified as a professional Planner, an individual typically must pass a written exam and have completed a specified number of years of experience. A professional Historic Preservation Planner typically has gained experience in data collection and analysis; survey and evaluation of existing conditions; consultation with elected and appointed officials and the general public; identification of alternative strategies; enforcement or administration of relevant statutes and regulations; and the preparation of planning documents.

Preservation plans adopted by government officials; and/or results of preservation planning studies incorporated into the local comprehensive or master plan.
Ordinances for the protection of historic and/or archeological resources.
Economic Feasibility Studies that make recommendations for preserving historic or archeological properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to preservation planning.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to preservation planning.
Professional service on boards of committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with preservation planning.
Planning awards received from local, regional, national, or international professional organizations.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

Historic Preservation is the application of strategies that promote the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, treatment, continued use, and interpretation of prehistoric and historic resources.

Standard for Historic Preservationist

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for the Historic Preservation discipline), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Preservationists); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for the Historic Preservation discipline), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic Preservationists).

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATIONIST

Closely related fields: Various fields of study may be considered closely related to Historic Preservation, such as American Studies, Architecture, Architectural History, Archeology, History, and Historical or Cultural Geography, provided that such programs of study include course work in the history of the designed environment, history and theory of preservation, historic preservation methods, techniques, and legislation (Federal, State and local), plus a formal supervised practicum or internship for hands-on application of knowledge and technical skills in the field.

Discipline specializations: While most Historic Preservationists tend to be generalists, many specialize in such areas as Architectural, Landscape, and Community Design, Historic Building Technology, Preservation Economics, Preservation Law, Historic Preservation Planning, and Site Interpretation and Management.

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATIONIST

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional Historic Preservationist typically has experience that demonstrates a well-grounded understanding of the principles, practices, laws and regulations, and diverse resources of historic preservation.

National Register documentation that has resulted in property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Survey reports assessing the significance of historic properties.
Historic Structure Reports.
Adaptive reuse plans or feasibility studies that make recommendations for preserving historic properties.
Written opinions that have been accepted that assess the impact that an undertaking will have on historic or archeological properties.
Historic District Ordinances that have been adopted by a local government.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to historic preservation.
Presentations at regional, national, or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to historic preservation.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with historic preservation.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.

HISTORY

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS

History is the study of the past through written records, oral history, and material culture and the examination of that evidence within a chronological or topical sequence in order to interpret its relationship to preceding, contemporary and subsequent events.

Standard for Historian

(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a graduate degree in History or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for History), PLUS a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of History that enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historians); OR...

(b) An undergraduate degree in History or a closely related field of study (see Academic Background for History), PLUS a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of History that enables professional judgements to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; AND products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historians).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61 a person meeting this Standard is required as part of the core staff for each State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board. Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified Local Government Commissions.)

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND FOR HISTORIAN

Closely related fields: For this Standard, the professional degree is typically awarded in History, American History, or Public History. Relevant training can be obtained in programs of American Studies, American Civilization, Historical or Cultural Geography, Anthropology, Ethnohistory, and Historic Preservation, providing that course work is offered in historical research methods and techniques. Education in the social and cultural history of countries other than North America may be relevant when dealing with the histories of immigrant, ethnic or minority groups in the United States.

Discipline specializations: Professional Historians tend to concentrate their education and experience in one of the many chronological, regional, and topical specializations within American History (such as colonial history, southern history, community history, women�s history, military history, history of technology, or industrial history).

APPLYING THE STANDARD FOR HISTORIAN

Documenting Professional Experience: A professional Historian has experience in archival and primary documents research, evaluating and synthesizing this information, and preparation of scholarly narrative histories. Historic research experience in countries other than North America may be relevant when researching the histories of immigrant, ethnic or minority groups in the United States of America.

National Register documentation that has resulted in property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording historic properties.
Survey reports assessing the significance of historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional, national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to documenting and evaluating the significance of historic properties.
Presentations at regional, national or international professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to documenting and evaluating historic properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional, national, or international professional organizations concerned with documenting and evaluating the significance of historic properties.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or invitations to teaching posts.