Gary J. Van Berkel
Distinguished Research Scientist and Group Leader

On-Line Electrochemistry /
Mass Spectrometry Bibliography

On-Line Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry
          Literature (non-volatiles)
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI)
          / Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI)
Electrospray
Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB)
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Particle Beam
Thermospray

On-Line Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry Literature (non-volatiles)

» Patents
Granger, M. C.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Porous Electrospray Emitter." U.S. 2004/0245457 A1; Dec. 9, 2004.

Van Berkel, G. J. "Planar Flow-By Electrode Capacitive Electrospray Ion Source." U.S. Patent 6,677,593; Jan. 13, 2004.

Van Berkel, G. J. "Thin-Channel Electrospray Emitter." U.S. Patent 6,784,439; Aug. 31, 2004.

Karst, U.; Diehl, G.; Hayen, H. "Coupling Electrochemistry to Mass Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography." U.S. Patent Application US2003/0062475 A1, Apr. 3, 2003.

Lev, O.; Gun, J.; Modestov, A. D. "Scanning Capillary Chemical Microscopy (SCM/MS)." PCT/WO01/94931 A1, Dec. 13, 2001.

Cole, R. B.; Xu, X. "Apparatus and Method for Rapid On-Line Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry." U.S. Patent 5,879,949; Mar. 9, 1999.

Phillips, L. R.; Bartmess, J. E. "Electrochemical Sample Probe for Use in Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry." U.S. Patent 4,719,349; Jan. 12, 1988.

» Ph.D. Dissertations and M.S. Theses
Li, Y. "Electrospray Fundamentals and Non-Covalent Peptide-Lipid Interactions as Studied by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." University of New Orleans 2004.

Nilsson, S. "Development of Sheathless Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Investigations of Associated Electrochemical Processes: A Fairy Tale." Uppsala University (Sweden) 2004.

Wetterhall, M. C. E. "Electrifying the Molecules of Live. Peptide and Protein Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Uppsala University (Sweden) 2004.

Hayen, H. "Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Nonpolar compounds." University of Twente (The Netherlands) 2003.

Bökman, C. F. "Analytical Aspects of Atmospheric Pressure Ionisation in Mass Spectrometry." Uppsala University (Sweden) 2002.

Diehl, J. G. R. "Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry of Ferrocene Derivatives." University of Twente (The Netherlands) 2002.

Fong, W. Y. K. "A Novel Tip Design for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry at Nanoliter Flowrate." Chinese University of Hong Kong 2001.

Zhang, Tianyi "Electrochemistry Coupled On-Line with Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications." University of Florida 2001.

Regino, M. C. S. "Design, Characterization and Applications of Electrochemical Cells for Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry (Conversion Efficiency)." University of Florida 1997.

Xu, X. "Electrochemical Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (Metallocenes, Nitrobenzene, Ferrocene, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)." University of New Orleans 1996.

Jones, J. A. "Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry: On-Line Electrochemistry and Improved Ion Detection Efficiency (Aromatic Amines)." University of Florida 1995.

Thompson, M. V. "Electrochemical and Mass Spectrometric Investigations of Biological Molecules (Mitomycin C, Purines, Amino Acids)." University of Florida 1994.

Volk, K. J. "Electrochemistry and Enzymes On-Line with Mass Spectrometry." University of Florida 1989.

Phillips, L. R. "Electrochemically Assisted Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry." Indiana University 1988.

Getek, T. A. "The Melding of Electrochemistry with Thermospray Mass Spectrometry." University of Houston 1987.

» Subject Reviews
Zhou, F. "Electrochemistry Combined On-line with Atomic Mass Spectrometry and Related Techniques for Trace Metal Analysis and Electrode Reaction Studies." Tr. Anal. Chem. 2005, 24, 218-227.

Karst, U. "Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry (EC/MS) - A New Tool to Study Drug Metabolism and Reaction Mechanisms." Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 2476-2478.

Diehl, G.; Karst, U. "On-Line Electrochemistry - MS and Related Techniques." Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 390-398.

Zhou, F. "Stripping Analysis Combined On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry and with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry." Electroanalysis 1996, 8, 855-861.

Volk, K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Brajter-Toth, A. "Electrochemistry On Line with Mass Spectrometry: Insight into Biological Redox Reactions." Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 21A- 33A

Bittins-Cattaneo, B; Cattaneo, E; Königshoven, P; Vielstich, W. "New Developments in Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy." In Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 17; Bard A. J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1991, pp. 181-220.

Chang, H.; Johnson, D.C.; Houk, R. S. "In Situ Coupling Between Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry - A Literature Review." Tr. Anal. Chem. 1989, 8, 328-333.

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) / Atmospheric PressurePhotoionization (APPI)

» 2004
Diehl, G.; Wasinski, F.A.H.; Roberz, B.; Luftmann, H.; Schmidt, T. C.; Andersson, J. T.; Karst, U. "Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry as Screening Technqiue fo Alcohols and Phenols in Fuels." Microchim Acta 2004, 146, 137-147.

Van Leewen, S. M.; Hayen, H.; Karst, U. "Liquid Chromatography - Electrochemistry - Mass Spectrometry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378, 917-925.

» 2003
Hayen, H.; Karst, U. "Analysis of Phenothiazine and Its Derivatives Using LC/Electrochemistry/MS and LC/Electrochemistry/Fluorescence." Anal Chem. 2003, 75, 4833-4840.

» 2002
Diehl, G.; Karst, U. "Fast liquid Chromatography-Electrochemistry-Mass Spectrometry of Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid Esters." J. Chromatgr. 2002, 974, 103-109.

Kertesz, V.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Surface-Assisted Reduction of Aniline Oligomers, N-Phenyl-1,4-Phenylenediimine and Thionin in Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 109 117.

» 2001
Diehl, G.; Liesener, A.; Karst, U. "Liquid chromatography with post-column electrochemical treatment and mass spectrometric detection of non-polar compounds." Analyst 2001, 126, 288-290.

Electrospray

» 2005
Kertesz, V.; Van Berkel, G.J. "Monitoring Ionic Adducts to Elucidate Reactions Mechanisms: Reduction of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and the Oxidation of Triphyenylamine (TPA) Investigated Using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry," Solid State Electrochem. 2005, 9, 390-397.

» 2004
Arakawa, R.; Yamaguchi, M.; Hotta, H.; Osakai, T.; Kimoto, T. "Product Analysis of Caffeic Acid Oxidation by On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1228-1236.

Bökman, C. F.; Zettersten, C.; Sjöberg, P. J. R.; Nyholm, L. "A Setup for Coupling of a Thin-Layer Electrochemical Flow Cell to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2017-2024.

Diehl, G.; Wasinski, F.A.H.; Roberz, B.; Luftmann, H.; Schmidt, T. C.; Andersson, J. T.; Karst, U. "Liquid Chromatography/ Electrochemistry/ Mass Spectrometry as Screening Technqiue fo Alcohols and Phenols in Fuels." Microchim Acta 2004, 146, 137-147.

Gamache, P. H.; Meyer, D. F.; Granger, M. C.; Acworth, I. N. "Metabolomic Applications of Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1717-1726.

Modestov, A. D.; Gun, J.; Mudrov, A.; Lev, O. "Radical Electrochemical Flow Cell for On-Line Coupling with Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Electrochemical Oxidation of Dimethylaminomethyl Ferrocene." Electranalysis. 2004, 16, 376--19.

Modestov, A. D.; Gun, J.; Lev, O. "On-Line Electrochemical - Mass Spectrometry Study of the Mechanism, of Oxidation of N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine in Aqueous Electrolytes." J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 565, 7-19.

Ochran, R. A.; Konermann, L. "Effects of Ground Loop Currents on Siganl Intensities in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1748-1754.

Permentier, H. P.; Bruins, A. P. "Electrochemical Oxidation and Cleavage of Proteins with On-Line Mass Spectrometric Detection: Development of an Instrumental Alternative to Enzymatic Protein Digestion." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1707-1716.

Pozniak, B.; Cole, R. B. "Negative Ion Mode Evolution of Potential Buildup and Mapping of Potential Gradients within the Electrospray Emitter." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1737-1747.

Roussel, C.; Dayon, L.; Lion, N.; Rohner, T. C.; Josserand, J.; Rossier, J. S.; Jensen, H.; Girault, H. H. "Generation of Mass Tags by the Inherent Electrochemsitry ofi Lectrospray for Protein Mass Spectrometry." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1767-1779.

Seiwert, B.; Henneken, H.; Karst, U. "Ferrocenoyl Piperazide as Derivatizing Agent for the Analysis of Isocyanates and Related Compounds Using Liquid Chromatography/ Electrochemistry/Mass Spectroemty (LC/ES/MS)." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1727-1736.

Van Berkel, G.J.; Asano, K. G.; Granger, M. C. "Controlling Analyte Electrochemistry in an Electrospray Ion Source with a Three-Electrode Emitter Cell." Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1493-1499.

Van Berkel, G.J.; Kertesz, V.; Ford, M.J.; Granger, M. C. "Effeicient Analyte Oxidation in an Electrospray Ion Source Using a Porous Flow-through Electrode Emitter." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1755-1766.

Yamaguchi, M.; Mizooku, Y.; Osakai, T.; Kimoto, T.; Arakawa, R. "Study of the Oxidation Processes of Catechins by On-Line Electrolysis /ESI-MS." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004, 53, 547-553.

» 2003
Gamache, P.; McCarthy, R.; Waraska, J.; Acworth, I. "Pharmaceutical Oxidative Stability Profiling with High Throughput Voltammetry." Am. Lab. 2003, 35, 21-25.

Gamache, P.; Smith, R.; McCarthy, R.; Waraska, J.; Acworth, I. "ADME/Tox Profiling - Using Coulometric Electrochemistry and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Spectroscopy 2003, 18, 14-xx.

Gun, J.; Modestov, A.; Lev, O.; Poli, R. "Reduction of [(C5Me5)2Mo2O5] and [(C5Me5)2Mo2O4] in Methanol/Water/Trifluroactetate Solutions and Investigated by Combined On-Line Electrochemistry Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 2264-2272.

Gun, J.; Modestov, A.; Lev, O.; Saurenz, D.; Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Poli, R. "Studies on the Reduction of [(C5Me5)2Mo2O5] in Methanol/Water/Actetate Solutions by On-Line Electrochemical Flowcell and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 2264-2272.

Hayen, H.; Karst, U. "Analysis of Phenothiazine and Its Derivatives Using LC/Electrochemistry/MS and LC/Electrochemistry/Fluorescence." Anal Chem. 2003, 75, 4833-4840.

Jurva, U.; Wikstrom, H. V.; Weidolf, L.; Bruins, A.P. "Comparison Between Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry and Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions." Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 800-810.

Permentier, H. P.; Jurva, U.; Barroso, B.; Bruins, A. P. "Electrochemical Oxidation and Cleavage of Peptides Analyzed with On-Line Mass Spectrometric Detection." Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 1585-1592.

» 2002
Jurva, U. Wikstrom, H. V.; Bruins, A. P. "Electrochemically Assisted Fenton Reaction: Reaction of hydroxyl Radicals with Xenobiotics Followed by On-Line Analysis with High Performance Liquid Chomatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 16, 1934-1940.

Kertesz, V.; Deng, H.; Asano, K. G.; Hettich, R. L.; Van Berkel, G.J. "N-Phenyl-1,4-Phenylenediamine and Benzidine Oxidation Products Identified Using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry." Electroanalysis 2002, 14, 1027-1030.

Kertesz, V.; Dunn, N. M.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemistry-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry Study of Cesium Uptake in Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Films." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 109 117.

Kertesz, V.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Surface-Assisted Reduction of Aniline Oligomers, N-Phenyl-1,4-Phenylenediimine and Thionin in Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization." J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 109 117.

Zhang, T.; Palii, S. P.; Eyler, J. R.; Brajter-Toth, A. "Enhancement of Ionization Efficiency by Electrochemical Reaction Products in On-Line Electrochemistry Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1997-1103.

» 2001
Diehl, G.; Liesener, A.; Karst, U. "Liquid chromatography with Post-Column Electrochemical Treatment and Mass Spectrometric Detection of Non-Polar Compounds." Analyst 2001, 126, 288-290.

Johnson, K. A.; Shira, B. A.; Anderson, J. L.; Amster, I. J. "Chemical and On-Line Electrochemical Reduction of Metalloproteins with High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection." Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 803-808.

Kertesz, V.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electropolymerization of Methylene Blue Investigated Using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Electroanalysis 2001, 13,1425-1430.

Konnerman, L.; Silva, E. A.; Sogbein, O. F. "Electrochemically Induced pH Changes Resulting in Protein Unfolding in the Ion Source of an Electrospray Mass Spectrometer." Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 4836-4844.

Modestov, A. D.; Srebnik, S.; Lev, O.; Gun, J. "Scanning Capillary Microscopy/Mass Spectrometry for Mapping Spatial Electrochemical Activity of Electrodes." Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 4229-4240.

» 2000
Deng, H,; Van Berkel, G. J.; Takano, H.; Gazda, D., Porter, M. D. "Electrochemically- Modulated Liquid Chromatography Coupled On-line with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 2641-2647.

Jurva, U.; Wikström, H. V.; Bruins, A. P. "In vitro mimicry of metabolic oxidation reactions by electrochemistry/mass spectrometry." Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 14, 529-533.

Pretty, J. R.; Deng, H.; Goeringer, D. E.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemically- Modulated Preconcentration and Matrix Elimination for Organic Analytes Coupled On- Line with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 2066-2074.

» 1999
Arakawa, R.; Abura, T.; Fukuo, T.; Horiguchi, H.; Matsubayashi, G. "Analysis of Electrolysis Reactions of Metal Complexes Using On-Line Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with a Compact Electrolytic Flow-Through Cell." Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1999, 72, 1519-1523.

Deng, H.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemical Polymerization of Aniline Investigated using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 4284-4293.

Deng, H.; Van Berkel, G. J. "A Thin-Layer Flow Cell Coupled On-Line with Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Biological Redox Reactions." Electroanalysis 1999, 11, 857-865.

Iwahashi, H. "3-Hydroxyanthralinic Acid-Derived Compounds Formed Through Electrochemical Oxidation." J. Chromatogr. B 1999, 736, 237-245.

» 1998
Pretty, J. R.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemical Sample Pretreatment Coupled On- Line with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Elemental Analysis." Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 12, 1644-1652.

» 1997
Iwahashi, H.; Iishii, T. "Detection of the Oxidative Products of 3-Hydroxykynurenine using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemical Detection - Ultraviolet Absorption Detection - Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry and High - Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrochemical Detection - Ultraviolet Absorption Detection - Mass Spectrometry." J Chromatogr. A 1997, 773, 23-31.

Lu, W.; Xu, X.; Cole, R. B. "On-Line Linear Sweep Voltammetry-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2478-2484.

» 1996
Xu, X.; Lu, W.; Cole, R. B. "On-Line Probe for Fast Electrochemistry/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2478-2484.

» 1995
Bond, A. M.; Colton, R.; D'Agnostino, A; Downard, A. J.; Traeger, J. C. "A Role for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry in Electrochemical Studies." Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1691-1695.

Zhou, F.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemistry Combined On-Line with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3643-3649.

Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB)

Phillips, L. R.; Bartmess, J. E. "Electrochemically Assisted Fast Atom Bombardment Negative-Ion Mass-Spectrometry of Quinones." Biomed Environ. Mass Spectrom 1989, 18, 878-883.

Phillips, L. R.; Bartmess, J. E. "A Device for Sensing Ion Source Conditions in FAB MS." Org Mass Spectrom. 1989, 24, 855-856.

Bartmess, J. E.; Phillips, L. R. "Electrochemically Assisted Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2012-2014.

Inductively Coupled Plasma

» 2003
Baca, A. J.; De La Ree, A. B.; Zhou, F.; Mason, A. Z. "Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Combined On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma-MS via a Direct-Injection High Efficiency Nebulizer." Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2507-2511.

» 2001
Ugo, P.; Zampieri, S.; Moretto, L. M.; Paolucci, D. "Determination of Mercury in Process and Lagoon Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Analysis after Electrochemical Preconcentration: Comparison with Anodic Stripping at Gold and Polymer Coated Electrodes." Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 434, 291-300.

» 1998
Pretty, J. R.; Duckworth, D. C.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Electrochemical Sample Pretreatment Coupled On-Line with ICP-MS: Analysis of Uranium using an Anodically Conditioned Glassy Carbon Working Electrode." Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 1141-1148.

Pretty, J. R.; Van Brkel, G. J.; Duckworth, D. C. "Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry as a Sample Pretreatment Method for Trace Uranium Determinations by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1998, 178, 51-63.

» 1997
Pretty, J. R.; Duckworth, D. C.; Van Berkel, G. J. "Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Coupled On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Optimization of a Thin-Layer Flow Cell System for Analyte Signal Enhancement." Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 3544-3551.

» 1996
Hwang, T-J.; Jiang, S-J. "Determination of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead in Biological Samples by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry After Online Pre-Treatment by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom 1996, 11, 353-357.

» 1995
Zhou, F., Van Berkel, G. J., Morton, S. J.; Duckworth, D. C.; Adeniyi, W. K.; Keller, J. M. "Development of On-Line Electrochemical Sample Pretreatment Methods for the Analysis of Thallium and Uranium by ICP-MS." In Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to Radionuclide Determinations, ASTM STP1291, Morrow, R. W.; Crains, J. S., Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, 1995, pp. 82-98.

» 1994
Pretty, J. R.; Blubaugh, E. A.; Caruso, J. A.; Davidson, T. M. "Determination of Chromium (VI) and Vanadium (V) Using an On-Line Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Flow Cell with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1540-1547.

Pretty, J. R.; Blubaugh, E. A.; Caruso, J. A. "Determination of Arsenic (III) and Selenium (IV) Using an On-Line Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Flow Cell with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 3396-3403.

Pretty, J. R.; Blubaugh, E. A.; Evans, E. H.; Caruso, J. A.; Davidson, T. M. "Determination of Copper and Cadmium Using an On-Line Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Flow Cell with Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1992, 7, 1131-1137.

Pretty, J. R.; Evans, E. H.; Blubaugh, E. A.; Shen, W-L.; Caruso, J. A.; Davidson, T. M. "Minimisation of Sample Matrix Effects and Signal Enhancement for Trace Analytes Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry With Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1990, 5, 437-443.

Particle Beam

» 2000
Zhang, T.; Brajter-Toth, A. "On-Line Investigation of the Generation of Nonaqueous Intermediate Radical Cations by Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry." Anal.Chem. 2000, 72, 2533-2540.

» 1999
Regino, M. C. S.; Brajter-Toth, A. "Real Time Characterization of Catalysis by On-line Electrochemistry Mass Spectrometry. Investigation of Quinone Electrocatalysis of Amine Oxidation." Electroanalysis 1999, 11, 374-379.

» 1998
Regino, M. C. S.; Weston, C.; Brajter-Toth, A. "Effect of mobile phase composition on the electrochemical cell conversion efficiency in electrochemistry mass spectrometry." Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 369, 253-262.

» 1997
Regino, M. C. S.; Brajter-Toth, A. "An Electrochemical Cell for On-Line Electrochemistry/ Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 5067-5072.

Thermospray

» 1998
Hambitzer G.; Heitbaum, J.; Stassen, I. "Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry-Anodic Oxidation of N,N-Dialkylanilines." J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 447, 117-124.

Hambitzer G.; Heitbaum, J.; Stassen, I. "Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation for Coupling Electrochemistry to Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 838-842.

» 1997
Stassen, I.; Hambitzer G. "Anodic Oxidation of Aniline and N-alkylanilines in Aqueous Sulphuric Acid Studied by Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry." J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997, 440, 219-228.

» 1993
Hambitzer G.; Heinz, P.P; Stassen, I.; Heitbaum, J. "Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry - A Method for the Investigation of the First Steps of Polymerization Reactions." Synthetic Metals. 1993, 55-57, 1045-1050.

Hambitzer G.; Stassen, I. "Polymerization of Aniline in Aqueous Sulphuric Acid - Study by Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry." Synthetic Metals. 1993, 55-57, 1045-1050.

» 1992
Heinz, P. P.; Heitbaum, J.; Hambitzer, G. "Products and Reaction Mechanism of the Anodic Oxidation of Phenothiazine - Studies by Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry." Electrochem. Stoffgeurinnung: Graudlageu Ver fahreut 1992, 125, 793-799.

Volk, K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Brajter-Toth, A.; Freeman, J. A. "A dynamic approach for studying redox reactions: electrochemistry on-line with mass spectrometry." Analusis 1992, 20, 421-425.

» 1991
Dewald, H; Worst, S. A.; Butcher, J. A., Jr.; Saulinskas, E. F. "Separation and Identification of Isoflavones with On-line Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemistry- Theromospray Mass Spectrometry." Electroanalysis 1991, 3, 777-782.

» 1990
Volk, K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Toth-Brajter-Toth, A. "On-Line Mass Spectrometric Insights into Electrochemical Reactions: Oxidation of Thiopurines." J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990, 137, 1764-1771.

Volk, K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Brajter-Toth, A. "On-line mass spectrometric investigation of the peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of uric acid." J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1990, 8, 205-215.

» 1989
Getek, T. A.; Korfmacher, W. A.; McRae, T. A.; Hinson, J. A. "Utility of Solution Electrochemistry Mass Spectrometry for Investigating the Formation and Detection of Biologically Important Conjugates of Acetaminophen." J. Chromatogr. 1989, 474, 245-256.

Volk,K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Brajter-Toth, A. "On-Line Electrochemistry/Thermospray/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry as a New Approach to the Study of Redox Reactions: The Oxidation of Uric Acid." Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 1709-1717.

Volk, K. J.; Yost, R. A.; Brajter-Toth, A. "Characterization of Solution Phase and Gas- Phase Reactions in On-Line Electrochemistry-Thermospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry." J. Chromatogr. 1989, 474, 231-243.

» 1986
Hambitzer, G.; Heitbaum, J. "Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 1067-1070.