Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.029.0.03.004. African cassava mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of
isolate: Manihot esculenta.
Natural host and symptoms
Manihot esculenta, Jatropha multifida
severe mosaic.
Hewittia sublobata mosaic (probably the natural host of the Kenya coast strain; Bock et al., 1981).
Laportea (=Fluerya) aestuans bright chlorosis (possibly the natural host in Nigeria; Anon., 1979).
Manihot glaziovii mosaic.
Reference to Isolation Report
Warburg (1894, see also Storey and Nichols (1938, Harrison et al.
(1977, Bock et al. (1978).
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.029.0.03.004. Virus accession number:
29003004. Obsolete virus code: 29.0.3.0.004; superceded accession number:
29030004.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
10817.
Electron micrograph of
Geminiviridae by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Virions best detected by immunosorbent electron microscopy. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Sequeira and Harrison (1982).
GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).
Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Bock et al. (1977, Sequeira (1982).
Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Stanley et al. (1985).
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 5 non-structural protein(s) are found.
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is derived from DNA-2 present in infected cells.
Replication cycle Features: the genome has the two circular genome DNA species share a sequence of 193 nucleotides which contains a stem and loop structure of 33 nucleotides. Transcription in both directions. DNA-1 encodes one protein of more than 15 kDain the plus (virion DNA) sense and three proteins more than 15 kDain the minus sense. DNA-2 encodes one protein more than 15 kDain each sense. Possible promoter and terminator and polyadenylation signals are found in all six ORFs. RNA transcripts of the expected sizes are found.
There are sequence homologies between the larger genome part (DNA-1) of African cassava mosaic virus and the DNA of bean golden mosaic, tomato golden mosaic, tobacco leaf curl and tomato leaf curl viruses (Roberts et al., 1984). DNA-1 of African cassava mosaic virus shows clear sequence similarities with bean golden mosaic virus in coding regions, but little in non-coding regions (Hamilton et al., 1984; Harrison, 1985). No serological relationship or genome homology has been found between African cassava mosaic virus and any monogeminiviruses.
The close serological relationship between biologically distinct geminiviruses can lead to difficulties in virus identification, especially when plant species not previously recorded as hosts are infected. However, African cassava mosaic virus does not infect Phaseolus vulgaris or Cucurbita pepo whereas bean golden mosaic and squash leaf curl viruses do. In hybridization tests, African cassava mosaic virus DNA-2 probes do not react with extracts of plants infected with bean golden mosaic, tobacco golden mosaic or tobacco leaf curl and allied geminiviruses (Roberts et al., 1984).
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass
ROSIDAE.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Hemiptera, family Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci (Chant, 1958;
Dubern, 1979). Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the
vector moults; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector
(Dubern, 1979).
Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of
chlorotic local lesions, systemic mosaic, leaf curling.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, or Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae (7 /17). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Atriplex hortensis, Beta vulgaris, Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Datura metel, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Ipomoea setosa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis peruviana, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Zea mays.
Manihot esculenta bright mosaic 3-5 weeks after inoculation by whitefly or by grafting. Leaves with symptoms may alternate with leaves showing few or no symptoms.
Nicotiana benthamiana diffuse chlorotic lesions then systemic leaf curling, malformation and blotching.
Nicotiana clevelandii the type strain may induce chlorotic local lesions then severe malformation, and irregular yellow veinbanding and blotching. The Kenya coast strain is milder and less readily transmitted.
Datura stramonium type strain induces chlorotic and necrotic local lesions then systemic veinbanding, leaf curling and malformation.
Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Cucurbita pepo, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris.
References to host data: Storey and Nichols (1938, Bock and Woods (1983, Bock (1983, Bock et al. (1978, Bock et al. (1981, Anon. (1979, Dubern (1979).
Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll, epidermis, phloem and companion cells. Virions are found in the nucleus.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus. Inclusions are a granular material. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include the production of fibrillar rings in the nuclei of phloem parenchyma cells (Horvat and Verhoyen, 1981; Adejare and Coutts, 1982).
Adejare, G.O. and Coutts, RHA (1982). Phytopath. Z. 103: 87.
Anon. (1979). Rep. Int. Inst. Trop. Agric. 1978, p.107.
Bock, K.R. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, p. 337; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Bock, K.R. (1984). ODA Crop Virol. Res. Proj. Kenya Agric. Res. Inst., Final Report. Overseas Development Administration, London.
Bock, K.R. and Guthrie, E.J. (1982). Trop. Pest Manag. 28: 219.
Bock, K.R. and Harrison, BD. (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 297, 6 pp.
Bock, K.R. and Woods, R.D. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 994.
Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J. and Figueiredo, G. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 99: 151.
Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J. and Meredith, G. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 361.
Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J., Meredith, G. and Barker, H. (1977). Ann. appl. Biol. 85: 305.
Chant, S.R. (1958). Ann. appl. Biol. 46: 210.
Cohen, S., Duffus, JE, Larsen, R.C., Liu, H.Y. and Flock, R.A. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1669.
Costa, AS. and Kitajima, E.W. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 90, 4 pp.
Dubern, J. (1979). Phytopath. Z. 96: 25.
Fargette, D., Fauquet, C. and Thouvenel, J.-C. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 106: 285.
Hahn, S.K., Terry, E.R. and Leuschner, K. (1980). Euphytica 29: 673.
Hamilton, W.D.O., Stein, VE, Coutts, RHA and Buck, KW (1984). EMBO J. 3: 2197.
Harrison, BD. (1985). Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 23: 55.
Harrison, BD., Barker, H., Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J., Meredith, G. and Atkinson, M. (1977). Nature, Lond. 270: 760.
Horvat, F. and Verhoyen, M. (1981). Parasitica 37: 27119.
Kaiser, W.J. and Louie, R. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 475.
Roberts, I.M., Robinson, D.J. and Harrison, BD. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65:1723.
Robertson, I.A.D. (1984). Cassava Whitefly Proj. Crop Virol. Res. Proj. Kenya Agric. Res. Inst., Final Report. Overseas Development Administration, London.
Sequeira, JC (1982). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dundee, U.K.
Sequeira, JC and Harrison, BD. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 101: 33.
Sequeira, J.C., Harrison, BD and Duncan, GH (1983). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1982, p. 193.
Stanley, J. and Gay, MR (1983). Nature, Lond 301: 260.
Stein, VE, Coutts, RHA and Buck, KW (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 2493.
Storey, HH and Nichols, RFW (1938). Ann. appl. Biol. 25: 790.
Townsend, R., Stanley, J., Curson, SJ and Short, M.N. (1985). EMBO J. 4:33.
Warburg, O. (1894). Mitt. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. 7: 131.
The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 166 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987. Revised by B.D. Harrison, 1989. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 297.
The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. |
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.
Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher
ICTVdB and DELTA related References
Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on
25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002 International Committee on Taxonomy of
Viruses. All rights reserved.