LOCATION CAVENDISH IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Ultic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cavendish silt loam, cultivated, on a 20 percent southwest facing slope at 3,000 feet elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap1--0 to 5 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--5 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Ap horizons 4 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 15 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; common fine irregular and common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; many faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick)
Bt2--15 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular and common tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; many faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 19 inches thick)
2Bt3--30 to 43 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular and many very fine and fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; continuous faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (11 to 17 inches thick)
2Cr--43 inches; weathered basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Clearwater County, Idaho; about 1 mile south of Teakean, Idaho; about 450 feet north and 1,500 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 37 N., R. 1 E.; Latitude - 46 degrees North, 31 minutes, 51 seconds; Longitude - 116 degrees West, 22 minutes, 22 seconds. USGS Ahsahka quadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to weathered basalt - 40 to 60 inches
Average annual soil temperature - 41 to 46 degrees F
Average summer soil temperature - 59 to 63 degrees F.
Soil moisture control section - dry 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
Ap and A horizons
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 to 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Textures - SIL, L
Clay content - 18 to 25 percent
Rock fragments - 5 to 10 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral
AB and BA horizons (present in some pedons)
Hue - 5YR to 10YR moist
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 moist
Textures - SIL, SICL, CL, GR-SIL
Clay content - 22 to 28 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 25 percent gravel
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizons
Hue - 5YR through 10YR
Value - 3 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Textures - SICL, GR-SICL, CL, SIL
Base saturation - 45 to 65 percent
Rock fragments - 5 to 25 percent gravel
Clay content - 22 to 35 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral
2Bt horizon (absent in some pedons)
Hue - 5YR through 10YR
Value - 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 4 to 6 moist or dry
Textures - GR-CL, CB-CL, GR-SICL, GRV-SICL, CBX-SIL, SICL, CL
Clay content - 24 to 36 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 30 percent gravel and 0 to 50 percent cobbles, total fragments - 10 to 65 percent
Reaction - strongly acid through neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Eaglelake, Fugawee, Kaiders (T), Kyburz, Martis, Tahoma, Teanaway, Wafla and Wintoner series. Eaglelake soils are usually dry for more than 90 days in late summer and fall. Fugawee and Kyburz soils are moderately deep to paralithic contact. Kaiders soils are very deep. Tahoma soils have less than 35 percent base saturation in the argillic horizon. Wafla soils are dry more than 90 days in summer and fall and formed in stratified alluvium. Wintoner soils lack rock fragments in the particle-size control section and are very deep. Martis soils have a umbric epipedon 10 to 20 inches thick. Teanaway soils are moderately well drained with aquic conditions at 30 to 50 inches. The Parrego series has a similar classification except for isotic mineralogy and is moderately deep to a paralithic contact.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Cavendish soils are on hills, benches, ridges, and escarpments on basalt plateaus, at elevations of 1,100 to 3,500 feet and have slopes of 2 to 50 percent. The soils formed in loess and material weathered from basalt. The average annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 35 inches. The frost-free period ranges from 80 to 125 days. The average annual temperature varies from 40 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include Joel, Klickson, Lovell, Setters and Taney soils. Joel soils are on basalt plateaus, are well drained and have mollic epipedons. Klickson soils are on canyon sides, are loamy-skeletal and have mollic epipedons. Lovell soils are in drainageways on basalt plateaus and are somewhat poorly drained. Setters soils are on basalt plateaus and benches, have greater than 35 percent clay in the control section and have mollic epipedons. Taney soils are on basalt plateaus and benches, are moderately well drained and have mollic epipedons and albic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained; slow to rapid runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for wheat, barley, peas, hay, pasture and timber production. The natural vegetation is mainly an overstory of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine. Understory is common snowberry, mallow ninebark, rose, mountain brome and pine reedgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Clearwater, Lewis and Nez Perce Counties, Idaho. The series is not extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lewis and Nez Perce Counties, Idaho, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon - surface to 8 inches (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - 8 to 43 inches (Bt horizons).
Particle-size control section - 8 to 28 inches (Bt1 and part of the Bt2 horizons).
Xeric soil moisture regime.
Frigid soil temperature regime.