A Comprehensive Annotated List of the Butterflies
Chase Lake Butterfly Survey
The Whites and Sulphurs
Checkered White Pontia protodice (Boisduval and LeConte), 1829 Habitat: Disturbed open areas Larval food: Cruciferae, incl. Lepidium, Capsella, Barbarea Adult flight: Two, sometimes three broods, May, July, September References: Royer 39, Opler & Krizek 56, Scott 182 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded at Chase Lake Complex in 1995, but possible immigrant in any year. Western White Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt), 1866 Habitat: Open prairie, especially on hilltops Larval food: Cruciferae, incl. Lepidium, Arabis, Sisymbrium Adult flight: Two broods, May, July References: Royer 39, Ferris & Brown 150, Scott 222 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded at Chase Lake Complex in 1995, but possible immigrant in any year. European Cabbage Butterfly Artogeia rapae (Linnaeus), 1758 Habitat: Ubiquitous in gardens and roadsides in agricultural areas Larval food: Cruciferae, occasionally also Capparidaceae Adult flight: Multiple broods, May-September References: Royer 40, Opler & Krizek 59, Scott 216 Confirmed occurrences: 6 Jun and 3 July 1995 in NE 1/4 S4 T142N R69W and abundant 15 Aug 1995 throughout S4 T142N R69W; much less common than previous year, but evident throughout complex on 22 Aug 1996. Olympia Marble Euchloe olympia (W. H. Edwards), 1871 Habitat: Prairies and sage flats Larval food: Cruciferae, incl. Arabis, possibly also Sisymbrium Adult flight: One brood, May References: Royer 41, Opler & Krizek 157, Scott 215 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded at Chase Lake Complex in 1995, but possible in May and early June. Clouded Sulphur Colias philodice Godart, 1819 Habitat: Ubiquitous in agricultural areas Larval food: Legumes, esp. Trifolium spp., Medicago and Melilotus Adult flight: Multiple broods, May-September References: Royer 42, Opler & Krizek 64, Scott 198 Confirmed occurrences: Common in all areas of the complex throughout the 1995 season, peaking in early June and again in early August; uncommon but continuously present throughout 1996 season. Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852 Habitat: Common in agricultural areas, though less so than philodice Larval food: Legumes, esp. Medicago, also Melilotus Adult flight: Multiple broods, May-September References: Royer 42, Opler & Krizek 65, Scott 196 Confirmed occurrences: Intermittent but uncommon during second half of summer throughout S4 T142N R69W; again uncommon in 1996 seaspm, with one example on transect CL001, 22 Aug 1996.
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