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The First Colloquium-Istra | The Second Colloquium-Tomsk
The Third Colloquium-Moscow | Afterword | Endnotes | Participants | Acknowledgements
Endnotes
1. See, e.g., the comments I made beginning with "The majority of Americans . . ." located in this text between remarks of Aksuichits and Kuvaldin and just preceding the section "National Identity in Culture" in the report on the Third Colloquium. (Return to text)
2. All proceedings were conducted in Russian without translators. (Return to text)
3. Information about participants in the colloquia can be found at the end of the third report. (Return to text)
4. A mathematical term; a system is regarded as a black box, theories are based on input and output, but never what is going on inside the box, which cannot be observed. (Return to text)
5. Viktor Anpilov is the radical, ultra-nationalist Communist who heads Trudovaia Rossiia [Workers of Russia], an offshoot of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation [CPRF], which is headed by Gennadii Ziuganov. Anpilov's party considers that the CPRF is not communist enough. Anpilov is also especially known for his extreme, anti-Semitism. (Return to text)
6. This indicates that one or more comments by another participant have been omitted. (Return to text)
7. Both the zemstvo and the modern judicial system were the results of the reforms of the 1860s. (Return to text)
8. New World, one of the most important 'thick journals' of the post-war period, which published key works of literature and criticism for decades, culminating in the publication of Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago in August 1989. (Return to text)
9. This has been confirmed by eyewitnesses, among them former Ambassador Jack Matlock. (Return to text)
10. This sounds like a paraphrase of Winston Churchill's comment: "This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning." (Return to text)
11. This familiar quotation is from Dead Souls, from the end of Part I. The complete passage is: "Russia, where are you flying? Answer me! There is no answer. The bells are tinkling and filling the air with their wonderful pealing; the air is torn and thundering as it turns to wind; everything on earth comes flying past and, looking askance at her, other peoples and states move aside and make way." Nikolai Gogol, Dead Souls, tr. George Reavey (New York: Norton, 1985), 270. (Return to text)
12. A major scientific center outside of Novosibirsk during the Soviet era, it declined quickly with the drop in government funding, but by 2001 was beginning to make a comeback as research institutes set up new for-profit high-tech enterprises. (Return to text)
13. Sons of Prince Vladimir, who were killed by their brother Sviatopolk in 1015, and became the first Russian saints. Because of their acceptance of death as a way to end fratricidal struggle in Kievan Rus, they were believed to be powerful advocates for the Russian people with God. (Return to text)
14. The 16th century ruler who is also known as Ivan IV, Ivan Grozny, and Ivan the Terrible. (Return to text)
15. Presumably because they are descendants of exiles who were uprooted or whose pre-exile life elsewhere is unknown. (Return to text)
16. Several buildings torn down during the Soviet era have been rebuilt since 1991. (Return to text)
17. From Osip Mandelstam's 1933 "Stalin" poem. The line in question is "We live with no sense of a country beneath our feet"(My zhivem, pod soboiu ne chuia strany). (Return to text)
18. A line from Alexander Pushkin's The Bronze Horseman. (Return to text)
19. This corresponds to zazor, a term that came up during the June 1998 meeting. Zazor was used to describe a very brief period in which a number of different decisions and outcomes are still possible. (Return to text)
20. Ivan Il'in (1883-1954), a leading Russian legal scholar who was deported with other key members of the intelligentsia in 1922 on the famous "philosophers' ship." In German and Swiss exile he wrote about Russian cultural identity and the future of Russian after Bolshevism. Beginning in the late 1980s, his writings were published in Russia and excited a great deal of interest. Il'in emphasized that a dictatorship would be a temporary measure to avoid the complete ruin of the country and to preserve it until the rule of law could be established. See Philip Grier, "The Complex Legacy of Ivan Ilin," in Russian Thought after Communism: the Recovery of a Philosophical Heritage (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1994), 163-86. (Return to text)
21. Like Chugrov's earlier use of "window of opportunity" (okno vozmozhnosti), Kuvaldin's metaphors "did this train leave forever" (ushel li etot poezd navsegda) and "the door is not yet closed" (dver' eshche ne zakryta) relate to the idea of a very brief time period (zazor) from the first colloquium: there was a decisive moment in the early 1990s which was wasted, but it is not yet too late. (Return to text)
22. Russian Fairy Tales, collected by Aleksandr Afanas'ev, trans. Norbert Guterman, commentary by Roman Jakobson (New York: Pantheon, 1973), 571. (Return to text)
23. Fyodor Dostoevsky, A Writer's Diary, II 1877-1881, trans. and annotated by Kenneth Lantz (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1994), 1373-5. (Return to text)
24. Daniel Kimmage, "End Note. Variations on a Hangman," RFE/RL Newsline vol. 6, No. 187, 3 Oct. 2002. The original passage can be found in Vladimir Nabokov, Pnin (New York: Vintage, 1985), 71. (Return to text)
25. A. N. Sakharov, V. D. Nazarov, A. N. Bokhanov, Podvizhniki Rossii (Moscow: "Russkoe slovo," 1999). (Return to text)
26. Vladimir Kirgizov, "Vse proshche," Nezavisimaia gazeta, 1997:119 (July 2). (Return to text)
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Last Updated: 05/05/2008